14 CẤU TRÚC VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1. NGUYÊN NHÂN
Since, As, Because + S + V, S + V
=> Because of/ Due to/ + Noun/ V-ing , S + V
Ex: Because gasoline prices have increased so constantly, many people
switch to traveling by public transport.
=> Due to a constant increase in gasoline prices, many people switch to
traveling by public transport.
2. SỰ TƯƠNG PHẢN
Although/Though/Even though + S + V, S + V
 Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing , S + V
Ex: Although there have been a lot of improvements in the pool, I feel
uncomfortable swimming here.
=> In spite of a lot of improvements in the pool, I feel uncomfortable
swimming here.
3. DÀNH THỜI GIAN ĐỂ LÀM GÌ
S + spend + khoảng thời gian + Ving
 It takes + (sb) + khoảng thời gian + to V
 It takes Nam lots of time to do this experiment
Ex: I spend nearly an hour making a tiramisu cheesecake.
=> It takes me nearly an hour to make a tiramisu cheesecake.
-> it takes

I spend 2 days finishing my homework

-> it takes me 2 days to finish my homework
4. “so … that” và “such … that” (quá … đến nỗi)
 S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
 It + be + such + Noun + that + S + V
Ex: The book was so boring that I couldn’t read it to the end.
 It was such the boring book that I couldn’t read it to the end.

5. “so … that”, “such … that” và “too…to” (quá … đến mức

không thể) (bữa sau dạy)
S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
 It + be + such + Noun + that + S + V
 S + be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V

a) Viết lại câu từ “so…that” sang “too…to”

The swimming pool water was so hot that my children couldn’t swim.
=> The swimming pool water was too hot for my children to swim.
(Dịch: Nước bể bơi quá nóng đến nỗi các con tôi không thể bơi được).
b) Viết lại câu từ “such…that” sang “too…to”
It was such a small house that all of us couldn’t stay in it.
=> A house was too small for all of us to stay in.
(Dịch: Căn nhà quá nhỏ đến nỗi tất cả chúng tôi không thể ở.)
6. “too…to” sang “enough…to” (đủ … để làm điều gì ) bsau
dạy
S + be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V
 S + be + not + adj * + enough + to V
Lưu ý: Tính từ trong cấu trúc “too…to” sẽ mang ý nghĩa trái
ngược lại so với tính từ trong cấu trúc “enough…to”.
Ex: John is too young to live independently.
 John is not old enough to live independently.
(Dịch: John không đủ lớn để sống tự lập).
7. cấu trúc câu điều kiện If
Unless = If... not (nếu… không…)
Ex: If that kid doesn’t stop annoying me, I may not let him play in my room.
 Unless that kid stops annoying me, I may not let him play in my room.

 PHẦN QUAN TRỌNG ( HAY GẶP NHẤT )

8. (lần cuối cùng làm việc gì là khi nào: The last time)
a) This is the first time I have seen him
=> I have never seen him before.
This is the first time + S + have/has + V3 + O
-> S + have/has + never + V3 + O + before
b) I started / begun studying English 3 years ago.
=> I have studied English for 3 years.
S + started/begun + V-ing + time + ago
-> S + have/has + V3 + for/since + time
c) I last saw him when I was a student
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.
S + last + V2 + ( O ) + when …
-> S + Have/has not + V3 + for/since
d) The last time she went out with him was two years ago
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.
The last time + S + V2 + was + time + ago
-> S + have/has not + V3 + for/since
 e) It is ten years since I last met him
=> I haven't met him for ten years
It is + time + since + S + last + V2
-> S + have/has (not) + V3 + for/since…..
g) When did you buy it ?
=> How long have you bought it ?
When did + S + V
 How long + have/has + S + V3?
BÀI TẬP
Bài 1 : Viết lại câu
1) This is the first time he went abroad.
=> He hasn’t never gone abroad before

2) She started driving 1 month ago.

=> She has driven for 1 month
3) We began eating when it started to rain.
=> We have eaten since it started to rain
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven’t cut my hair since I left her
5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
=> She hasn’t kissed me for 5 months
6) It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven’t met for a long time
7) When did you have it ?
=> How long have you had it?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal .
=> I haven’t had such a de….. before
9) I haven’t seen him for 8 days.
=> The last time I saw him was 8 days ago
10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday.
=> It is Monday since I last took a bath
Bài 2: Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
=> It is such a tidy room that …..
2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
=> He is such a fool man that ….
3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night.
=> It is such a long film…..
4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
=> They are such interesting books that
5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
=> It was such bad news that…..
6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue.
=> It was.....
7) There is so much rain that we can't go out.
=> There is such a heavy rain
8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
=> He is
9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
=> It is ....
10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
=> It was....
11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
=> There were such...
12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
=> It was such an exciting match
13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
=> They drunk such.....
14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
=> Alice had such.....
15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
=> She was a poor woman that…..
Bài 3: Viết lại câu
1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
=> In spite of being a poor student, Tom studied very well
2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick.
Because of being sick , mary could not go to school
3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
=> Despite the bad weather, she went to ….
4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
=> In spite of
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of a big storm, I stayed at home.
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
Despite his bad grades , Tom was admitted …..
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful
woman.
=> Despite having a physical handicap
8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although Tom had good salary, he gave up….
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of having not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though the prices are high, my daughter……..
Bài 4. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. It was …………………. hot that we didn’t go out.
A. so B. such C. very
2. She is ……………….. old to work.
A. very B. too C. so
3. The tea was …………………. hot.
A. too B. very C. Either could be used here
4. The milk was …………………. good that we couldn’t stop drinking it.
A. very B. too C. so
5. It’s ………………… terrible weather.
A. such B. so C. Either could be used here
6. She is looking ………………….. older.
A. so B. so much C. Either could be used here
7. It was ………………….. warm when we were in Vienna.
A. very B. so C. such
8. He spoke ………………… fast that nobody could understand.
A. so B. very C. too
9. Would you be ………………….. kind as to tell me the time?
A. so B. very C. too
 10. He is a ………………….. intelligent child.
A. very B. so C. too
Bài 5. Hoàn thành câu sử dụng: so & such
The pan was__________ hot that I nearly dropped it!
Jones was __________a kind man that I was sad when he moved to
another town.
We have __________ many pets that sometimes it’s really noisy.
Alicia is __________ good at basketball that I think she could be a
professional.
There was __________ a lot of smoke that I couldn’t see.
Tyrone ran __________fast that no one had a chance in the race.
Cherie is __________popular that everyone wants to be friends with her.
Would you like to have __________long hair that you can sit on it?
Bài 6: Combine these pairs of sentences using "too ....to"
1. The bag was very heavy. She couldn't carry it.
The bag
2. He is very old. He can't run.
He is too old to run
3. She is very young. She can't go to school.
She is too young for her to go to school
4. Tom is very short. He can't play volleyball.
........tom is too short to play …
5. It's very late. We can't go to the movies.
..... it is too late for us to go to the movies
6. The question was very hard. We couldn't answer it.
..the question was too hard for us to answer
7. The TV program is very exciting. The children won't miss it.
…….. is too exciting for the children to miss
8. You're very young. You can't drive that car.
........you are too young to drive that car
9. She was tired. She didn't go anywhere.
.....she was too tired to go anywhere
10. These shoes are very small. I can't wear them.
...these shoes are too small for me to wear
Bài 7: Rewrite the sentences using "enough" instead of "too....to"
1. He is too old to wear this colored shirt.
......He is not young enough to wear…..
2. She is too weak to carry this box.
She is not strong enough to…..
3. This pen is too expensive for me to buy.
.this pen is not cheap enough for me to buy
4. Bill was too stupid to understand what I had said.
........bill was not smart enough to …..
5. This bag is too heavy for her to carry.
........this bag is not light enough for her to carry
7. I'm too poor to help you with the money.
...im not rich enough to….
8. This book is too dull to read.
...this book is not exciting enough to read
9. The room is too dark for us to study.
...the room is not bright enough for us to study
10. The shelf is too high for her to reach.
........