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chen2017> - § 2 references coded [1,26% Coverage]

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technology acceptance models. Some studies have incorporated other factors as external variables in
order to increase the explanatory power of the model and take more potential factors into account. To
design a research model to explore user’s intention to use PLMTA, this study adopts the technology
acceptance model (TAM) as the theoretical basis and combines it with the information system success
model (ISSM). Information quality, system quality and perceived convenience are considered as external
variables. (1) Information system success model The information system success model was proposed by
DeLone & McLean in

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constructs. Table 3 shows that the factor loading of each dimension is greater than 0.5, thus confirming
convergent validity. In this study, although factor loadings for each dimension do not all reach the level of
“excellent” (i.e., 0.71), they can be considered “good” (>0.63), as shown in Table 3. Bagozzi & Yi (1988) [56],
and Comrey & Lee (1992) [57] all suggested that the average variance extracted (AVE) of potential
variables should preferably be greater than 0.50, and component reliability should be greater than 0.7. For
discriminant validity to be ensured, the degree of correlation between dimensions must be smaller than
that within each dimension. Therefore, a Pearson correlation coefficient matrix is used for validation. In
Table 4, the square root of AVE of potential variables is greater than correlation coefficient of other
dimensions, ensuring good discriminant validity [58]. Table 3. Reliability and Validity Analysis

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yakubu.m@[Link] [Link]@[Link]
This study is based on the DeLone and McLean’s Information Systems Success (D&M ISS) model, which
was modified to determine the success factors responsible for the acceptance of an e-learning system
called Canvas by students of a Nigerian University.

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Results from studies that have used the D&M ISS model have produced mixed results. Applying the model
to mandatory information system, Iivari (2005) found that system quality and information quality were
predictors of user satisfaction but they had no effect on system use; while Jagannathan et al. (2018)
observed that for an internet banking application, system quality had no effect on user satisfaction but
information quality influenced user satisfaction. The mixed results imply that the model can assist in
identifying the success variables in different settings as shown in the results obtained by Iivari (2005) and
Jagannathan et al. (2018). In the case of the internet banking application,
186
Yakubu & Dasuki
security and information quality are expected to be the determining factors for IS success which was the
case in Jagannathan et al.’s (2018) study and in the mandatory setting system quality and information
quality would have little effect on the use as it is mandatory to use the system irrespective of the quality
antecedents..
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.05 0.21*** -.04 System Quality 0.02 0.20** 0.46***

Information Quality
Figure 2: SEM analysis showing path coefficients, significance and R-square (Notes: *** indicates: p <
0.0001 and ** indicates: p < 0.01)
In order to test the hypothesis and the structural model, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate
the path’s significance and strength. The strength of the relationship between the exogenous and
endogenous variables (R2) was also measured. Figure 2 and Table 5 show the findings from the
confirmatory factor analysis.

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The student sample used in this study was selected from a small private university in Nigeria whose
teaching style is based on the American curriculum, thus the findings from this study should not be
generalized to reflect the eLearning adoption by the entire student population in Nigeria. Future research,
therefore, should focus on a wider scope to include public universities and moderators such as culture,
gender, and socio-economic factors, in order to form a model that is generally more applicable. Also, this
study focuses only on a specific eLearning technology, i.e., a learning management system (LMS); hence
students’ perceptions might be different when adopting other eLearning technologies such as Moodle and
Blackboard.

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doubts exist over its capability to explain individuals’ technology acceptance. Thus, the original UTAUT
model has been extended. Many researchers (Martins et al., 2014; Maillet et al., 2015; Cimperman et al.,
2016; Kabra et al., 2017; Khalilzadeh et al., 2017) have suggested that increasing the number of external
variables can enhance this model’s ability to predict the acceptance of IT. Several variables have been
recommended to complement the original UTAUT model (e.g., self-efficacy, trust, habits, satisfaction, and
perceived risk). For example, Kabra et al. (2017) incorporated personal innovation specific to IT and trust
into the UTAUT model to evaluate the factors that influence users’ behavioral intentions to use IT.
Khalilzadeh et al. (2017) included self-efficacy, risk, trust, security, and attitude to evaluate the factors that
influence users’ behavioral intentions to make mobile payments. According to previous study on mobile
technologies (Alalwan et al., 2017; Khalilzadeh et al., 2017), trust is a crucial factor determining users’
behavioral intentions to adopt technology. Chang et al. (2017) posited that perceived enjoyment is critical
in explaining e-learning adoption. As mentioned, the present study proposed an extension of the UTAUT
model by adding variables (mobile self-efficacy, perceived enjoyment, satisfaction, perceived risk, and
trust) to predict adoption ofm-learning. The UTAUT model was adopted and extended by incorporating
the constructs of mobile self-efficacy and perceived enjoyment in addition to security-related constructs
(i.e., satisfaction, trust, and perceived risk) to investigate university students’ behavioral intentions toward
using m-learning in higher education. The UTAUT model was modified by incorporating new constructs
such as perceived enjoyment, mobile self-efficacy, satisfaction, trust, and perceived risk. The modified
model was then empirically tested. The four primary objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the
factors influencing behavioral intention to use m-learning in education; (2) to develop an extended UTAUT
model incorporating perceived enjoyment, mobile self-efficacy, trust, satisfaction, and perceived risk for
m-learning; (3) to examine whether effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and perceived risk
moderate and predict behavioral intention to use m-learning; and (4) to assess the resultant model
empirically. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the following research questions were formulated.
(1) What factors determine students’ behavioral intentions to use m-learning for educational purposes? (2)
Do perceived enjoyment, mobile self-efficacy, trust, and satisfaction affect the UTAUT model in relation to
m-learning? (3) Does mobile self-efficacy influence perceived enjoyment in m-learning? (4) How does
perceived risk moderate the effects of effort expectancy and performance expectancy on behavioral
intention to use m-learning? This research is expected to contribute to the literature by (1) identifying
satisfaction, trust, and perceived enjoyment as antecedents of m-learning usage; (2) advancing the
theoretical understanding of behavioral intention among university students with respect to m-learning;
(3) providing empirical evidence of the effects of external

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rapid access to information, two-way interaction, and removal of time- and location-related restrictions
(Briz-Ponce et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2017; Tang and Hew, 2017; Crompton and Burke, 2018; Hamidi and
Chavoshi, 2018; Hamidi and Jahanshaheefard, 2019). In this study, we defined m-learning as a learning
process conducted across various contexts (location, time, and other environmental factors) where learners
can benefit from access to learning materials through smart mobile devices such as smartphones and
tablet computers.

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satisfied this requirement. However, a substantial portion of unexplained variances indicated that other key
factors beyond the scope of this study could be incorporated to improve the explanatory power of the
endogenous variables. In summary, the model employed in this study explained a considerable number of
variations in the endogenous variables. The endogenous variables exhibited strong explanatory power for
these variations, thereby indicating the stability and robustness ofthe model. All estimated and
standardized path coefficients (significant paths are indicated with asterisks) are illustrated in Figure 5.

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Mobile applications are getting a great deal of interest among researchers due to their proliferation and
pervasiveness, especially in the context of digital libraries of educational institutes. However, their low
acceptance and usage are observed, hence, in-depth investigations are required in order to understand
the factors behind low acceptance and intention to use mobile library application (MLA). Therefore, the
aim of this work is to empirically explore the acceptance of MLA with a proposed model that is evolved
from the technology acceptance model (TAM). The study objects to deliver empirical provision on
acceptance of MLA. A self-administrated cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted to gather data
from 340 users of MLA. Structural equation model (SEM) with an analysis of moment structure (AMOS)
software was conducted to examine quantitative data. Results revealed that perceived usefulness and
perceived ease of use are direct significant predictors with the intention to use MLA whereas system
quality and habit are the influencing factors toward the usage intention of MLA. The findings help as a
guide for effective decision in the design and development of MLA. Further, the outcomes can be utilized
in the resource allocation process for ensuring the success of library’s vision and mission.

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the huge investment of resources in technology, particularly in the MLA domain, its low usage, ignorance
and overlooking were observed by intended user (Hong, Thong, & Tam, 2006)(Yoon, 2016). Like other
regions (Europe, America) (Rafique et al., 2018)(Zha et al., 2015), with the advancement of technology,
many institutes in Pakistan are now adopting MLA, namely, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) and
Quaid-eAzam University (QAU) etc. Besides the tremendous increase in telecom infrastructure in Pakistan,
the acceptance and adaptation of mobile applications has been very slow. As reported by Pakistan
Telecommunication Authority (PTA), tele-density for mobile phone subscribers jumped to 68.2% with
118,316,916 users (Habib & Ateeq, 2014) . In order to verify the usage position of MLA among universities,
pre-survey was conducted from students. It was conducted to identify the status about usage of general
mobile applications during daily life routine as well as to inquire about the usage of MLA in their study
period or throughout the whole day. Online survey from both universities helped to get the statistics
about the usage as shown in Table 1, which illustrate that more than 85% of the students don’t use MLA
for their study purpose as they prefer to visit library or online search. Therefore, the aims of this study are
to investigate the adoption of MLA in the context of Pakistan and to compare its adoption with other
regions of world. Specifically, this study focuses on the identification of various factors causing low usage
and espousal of MLA launched by COMSATS university with the name INSIGNIA ILS in 2014 by extending
technology acceptance model (TAM) proposed by Davis (Davis, 1989)(Adams, Nelson, & Todd, 1992). TAM
was adapted in different research fields, namely, m-shopping (Hubert, Blut, Brock, Backhaus, & Eberhardt,
2017), e-learning (Jeong, 2011), online libraries (Zhao, Deng, & Zhou, 2015), digital libraries (Zha et al.,
2015), and MLA (Rafique et al., 2018) to investigate the acceptance of technology. In literature, TAM was
adopted and extended with external factors on the bases of three reasons. First of all, it helps in
understanding the users’ perspective in the adoption of MLA. Secondly, TAM was adopted by different
researchers in various domains like mshopping (Hubert et al., 2017), e-learning (Jeong, 2011), online
libraries (Zhao et al., 2015), digital libraries (Zha et al., 2015), and MLA (Joo & Choi, 2015)(Aharony, 2014).
Thirdly, it helps researcher in investigating the effect of external factors on dependent variables. Therefore,
the current research extended TAM by incorporated two external factors (habit (H) and system quality
(SQ)) with the core constructs of TAM. These factors were incorporated in this research because habits of
the users usually change on the basis of system quality. Therefore, this study aims to check this effect on
intention to use MLA (Hubert et al., 2017)(Jeong, 2011). Therefore, current study selected TAM as a
proposed model, as it will help us in understanding the initial adoption of the implemented technology in
developing country context.

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section 1.1. Section 1.2 describes the literature review supporting the research problems. The proposed
extended TAM model along with the proposed hypothesis is explained in section 1.3. A detailed discussion
of the proposed methodology used to identify the influence of external factors toward the behavioural
intention is presented in section 1.4. The data analysis is explained in section 1.5. Research outcomes are
discussed and explained in section 1.6. In the end, research is concluded in section 1.7

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Their research acknowledged PU as the key interpreter in the usage intention of the digital library.
However, PEOU was not determined as the key contributor toward the usage intention. Another study
(Park et al., 2009) examined the factors affecting the users’ acceptance and intention for the digital library
system in an emerging country context (Botswana, Ghana, Indonesia and Nepal) and the results revealed a
significant effect of PEOU on PU which resulted in increased BI toward the use of the system. Instead of
good overall effect of external factors on the intention to use, it is clear from the study that the effect of
ease of use which is the mediator of six factors is just affecting at the P-value of 0.4 and it is marginal away
from the least accepted value of P i.e. 0.5. The influencing factors on the acceptance of online library
resources at United state are explored in (Joo & Choi, 2015) where it was found that PU and PEOU
influenced undergraduates’ intention to use online library resources, However, this study is not focusing
graduate and PhD students, who has main concern with the research contents. Current research will
certainly focus on the usage intention of research scholars who have direct interaction with the research.
Similarly, (Rafique et al., 2018) supported the finding of (Joo & Choi, 2015) by reporting the influence of
PEOU and PU on the intention of undergraduate and graduate students toward the use of mobile library
application. The study describes that usage intention of online library resources is common. Besides that, it
also explains the significant positive influence of system accessibility, perceived mobility value, and
satisfaction on behavioural intention in the mobile library application. However, the result demonstrated
low usage of MLA among students. Besides the low usage of application among intended users, week
effect of perceived usefulness was also reported on behavioural intention with significant value of P<0.05,
that is not showing much effect towards the acceptance. (Yoon, 2016) concluded that PEOU significantly
influence PU which ultimately leads to the intention to use MLA. (Jeong, 2011) incorporated system
characteristic (system quality) in TAM for measuring the behavior intention of user toward e-library
through PU and PEOU in the Korean context. The result inferred the strong impact of system quality on PU
and PEOU which finally leads to the behavior intention of e-library usage. However, results are
representing the weak effect of system quality on dependent variable i.e. behavioural intention through
the core components of TAM i.e. perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The effect of system
quality is much weak through perceived usefulness toward dependent variable instead through ease of
use. All these studies identified various factors which are affecting the acceptance of digital, online and
mobile library application. However, they also reported the low usage of digital libraries among students
in various contexts. (Hubert et al., 2017) examined various factors for measuring the usage intention of
m-shopping by

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1.5. Data Analysis In the current research, two software’s are used for data analysis i.e. Statistical Package
for Social Science (SPSSv20) and analysis of moment structure (AMOS v20). SPSS was used for data
coding, cleaning, assumption checking and factor analysis, whereas, AMOS was used to test the validity,
reliability, discriminant validity and goodness of Fit indices in a measurement model and testing of the
proposed hypothesis was performed through structural model. The data analysis strategy is shown in
Figure 2.

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Measurement model (MM) was implemented for checking the loading of observed variables (items) over
latent variables (constructs/factors) (Rafique et al., 2018)(Chandio, Irani, Zeki, Shah, & Shah, 2017). MM was
evaluated using CFA and validation of MM was performed with discriminant and convergent validity and
reliability (Hair et al., 2010). Data in Table 3 revealed that the composite reliability of each factor is above
0.7, which is higher than the threshold value of 0.7 (Straub, Detmar and Boudreau, Marie-Claude and
Gefen, 2004) defining the strength of reliability. Values for factor loading and average variance extraction
(AVE) is also presented with the values greater than threshold values recommended by (Hair et al., 2010)
i.e. 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. Discriminant and convergent validity were assessed on the contrast of
covariance/variance among relationship and latent variable inside measurement items (Cheung & Lee,
2010)(Fornell & Larcker, 1981). Whereas, in Table 4, acceptable values for discriminant validity is
represented (Straub, Detmar and Boudreau, Marie-Claude and Gefen, 2004). Recommended cut of and
threshold values for fit indices (Byrne, 2001) along with statistical fitness of MM with the assistance of
three sorts of fit indices used in SEM (incremental, absolute and parsimonious) are presented in Table 7. A
statistical representation of data shows the data adequacy of the model through MM. The reliability of
questionnaire was measured with the help of Cronbach’s Alpha with cut off value of 0.7 as recommended
by (Nunnally, Bernstein, & Berge, 1967).

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1.7. Conclusion The enormous advancement of technology in the educational sector, particularly in library
services is changing the trend of users toward the usage of the library. This study helps in clarifying and
understanding the behaviour users toward the adoption and use of MLA. This rapid change in behaviour
toward the use of technology totally depends on various factors, hence the proposed model provides
elementary information for the improvement and understanding of MLA usage intentions. The findings of
this study provide in-depth knowledge and useful guideline which helps designer and developers of MLA
for improving the usage of MLA experience. Our results explain that Habit, SQ, PEOU, and PU are
significantly important in MLA usage. Hence, developers must keep these factors and core construct of
TAM (i.e. PEOU and PU) in priority for developing the application. There is always a limitation of
generalizability; therefore, this research is not exempted from it. The results cannot generalize in another
context. Mediating and moderating variables will be considered in future as they strengthen the
hypothesis of the research model.

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ABSTRACT This paper presents a quantitative study on the users’ acceptance of mobile phone payment
systems (MPPS). Basing on the technology acceptance model (TAM), the study specifically evaluated the
influence of ease of use; perceived usefulness; service quality; and information systems qualities of
payment systems in the adoption and use of MPPS. A questionnaire survey was carried with 300 users out
of which 260 were clean for data analysis using SPSS version 21. To supplement the survey, the study
deployed interviews. The regression results indicate significant influence of the regressed variables with
slightly low values of the adjusted R-square. The findings on information quality and perceived usefulness
had lesser influence (beta values below average) whereas ease of use, and services quality were positively
rated factors to accepting the systems. Several other factors behind acceptance were also identified in the
interview, including premium pricing, level of understanding, and perceived risks. The findings extend
knowledge on the application of TAM to mobile payments in a developing country such as Tanzania. They
provide awareness on contributory factors to accepting the technology to Tanzania Communication
Regulatory Authority (TCRA) and country’s central bank, Bank of Tanzania (BoT) in their managing and
controlling processes. They also provided practitioners with knowledge on the challenges and ways of
tapping into the advantages of ICT. The findings were limited to four regions in Tanzania.

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This scenario raises a question regarding why these payment systems services are not fully utilised by the
multitudes of users who have embraced the mobile phone technology. There are long queues in bill
paying stations when the mobile phone payment system can support that and reduce such hassles. One
can go as a far as pay for water bills, top up airtime credits, and buy electricity power units, which can all
be simplified by MPPS. This situation leaves a lot of unanswered questions. Why are these systems not
fully utilised? How user-friendly are the payment systems? How useful are they? What is the level of service
quality? What are the qualities of the information contain in the systems? To answer these questions, the
research adopted the Davis Technology Acceptance Model using the following factors: Ease of use of
payment systems; Perceived usefulness of payment systems; Service quality of payment systems; and
Information systems qualities of payment systems. These factors were used to test whether they have a
bearing on accepting/adopting the Mobile Phone Payment Systems (MPPS) in Tanzania.

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Both models have been tested widely. For example, Zhou (2011) examined the critical success factors of
mobile website adoption. Zhou (2011) collected data using a questionnaire survey, and analysed data
using the structural equation modelling technique. Zhou (2011) found that system quality is the main
factor affecting the perceived ease-of-use whereas information quality is the main factor affecting the
perceived usefulness. This research, therefore, assumed that usage of any technology was dependent on
perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness (Davis, 1989) as well as information quality, systems
quality and service quality (DeLone & McLean, 1992; DeLone & McLean, 2003). Both of these models have
been tested in various countries, industries, and situations (Igbaria & Tan, 1997; Seddon, 1997). Davis’
(1989) Technology Acceptance Model has been expanded enough to morph into Technology Acceptance
Model 2, and others.

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METHODOLOGY Sample and procedures For the purpose of testing the stated hypotheses, the study used
data collected from a survey conducted in Tanzania within the central business districts and the residential
areas of Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Dodoma and Mbeya. The survey method is appropriate for this kind of
study as it provides a quantitative description of attitudes, experience and opinions of the sample
population (Creswell, 2003; Viehland & Leong, 2007). The measurement items for the survey were adapted
from previous research but modified to fit the specific context of this study (Anurag, Tyagi, & Raddi, 2009;
Khodawandi, Pousttchi, & Turowski, 2003; Hong, Thong, & Tam, 2006; Davis, 1989). Multiple items for each
construct organised in a survey questionnaire were used to gather data in accordance with the objectives
of the study. Most of the theoretical constructs were assessed on the basis of a five-point Likert- type scale
with the exception of experience with MPPS and recharging airtime. In addition, we included education
level and monthly income as moderating factors. The choice of theoretical constructs for examination was
determined through a review of the mobile technology adoption literature as well as through informal
conversations with ICT experts and software developers, whom we met at international conferences and
during entrepreneurship training conducted at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The
questionnaire went through a pretesting process before it was administered. First, pretesting was carried
out with ten postgraduate students, one local senior lecturer in information systems, and two experts in
information systems research. The questionnaire was refined based on the comments/suggestions from
this panel in readiness for survey pre-testing. The modifications made mainly relate to the instructions in
the survey and rephrasing of some of the measurement items. Thereafter, the survey questionnaire was
ready for data collection. Our target respondents were assured of confidentiality and an executive
summary was promised as an incentive to encourage their participation.

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Construct validity, on the other hand, was evaluated using principal component analysis with varimax
rotation. Items were retained based on the following criteria: (i) items with loading of 0.50 or more were
retained; (ii) items with loading of less than 0.50 were removed; and (iii) items with loading beyond 0.50 on
two or more components were removed. The results of the factor analysis and reliability assessment using
Cronbach’s alpha are presented in Table 2I. The Cronbach’s alpha values for all the theoretical constructs
were above 0.70 required for adequate reliability (Nunnally, 1978; Hair et al., 1998), hence reliability of the
measures was ascertained. It was also established that, the average variance extracted
19 Frequency
154 106
26 46 52
136
74 51 68 29 38
58
117 85
105 46
109 Percentage
59.2 41.8
10
17.7 20
52.3
28.5 19.6 26.1 11.2 14.6
22.3 45.0 32.7
40.3 17.7 42
Wilson & Mbamba
(AVE) for the constructs were greater than 0.5 and all of the factor loadings of the items exceeded 0.5
(Table 3b); this assured the convergent validity of the measures was supported (Hair, Black, & Anderson,
2010).

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Market trends affected the adopters significantly. The perceived usefulness of the systems for one user
had to consider the influence of the acceptance trading partner. This meant a more educated and
well-informed partner was a driving force towards the acceptance of MPPS. Power and Sohal (2002) in
their study “Best practice in implementation and usage of electronic commerce” concluded that, the
adoption of e-commerce is essentially driven by trading partners. It was also reported that business
partner requirement is an important factor associated with the adoption of electronic data interchange
(BoT, 2014). In other words, MPPS require parties to co-operate and co-ordinate the transactions for the
system to achieve its full potential. Evidence from the majority of the interviewees indicates that, the more
users accepted the MPPS the more others were persuaded use it.

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M Nasir Yakubu American University of Nigeria yakubu.m@[Link]

Salihu Ibrahim Dasuki Sheffield Hallam University, UK [Link]@[Link]
Abstract
This study is based on the DeLone and McLean’s Information Systems Success (D&M ISS) model which was
modified to determine the success factors responsible for the acceptance of an e-learning system called
Canvas by students of a Nigerian University. The study was built on the premise that system quality (SQ),
service quality (ServQ) and information quality (IQ) are determinants of behavioral intention to use Canvas
and user satisfaction of Canvas, both of which in turn influence the actual usage of Canvas. Responses
from 366 students were analyzed with AMOS 22 using structural equation model (SEM) to test the
relationships between the constructs of the proposed model. The results partially supported the effect of
the quality antecedents on behavioral intention and user satisfaction of students. There was full support
for the relationship between behavioral intention and user satisfaction of students on their actual usage of
Canvas. The study aims at contributing to the formulation of strategies and methods to be used to
enhance the adoption of eLearning systems in developing countries, specifically Nigeria. Keywords:
eLearning systems, IS success, Universities, Nigeria.

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Knowledge Repository Systems (Qian & Bock, 2005), eGovernment systems (Wang & Liao, 2008), and a
mandatory information system (Iivari, 2005). Results from studies that have used the D&M ISS model have
produced mixed results. Applying the model to mandatory information system, Iivari (2005) found that
system quality and information quality were predictors of user satisfaction but they had no effect on
system use; while Jagannathan et al. (2018) observed that for an internet banking application, system
quality had no effect on user satisfaction but information quality influenced user satisfaction. The mixed
results imply that the model can assist in identifying the success variables in different settings as shown in
the results obtained by Iivari and Jagannathan. In the case of the internet banking application, security and
information quality are expected to be the determining factors for IS success which was the case in
Jagannathan’s study and in the mandatory setting system quality and information quality would have little
effect on the use as it is mandatory to use the system irrespective of the quality antecedents.. In the
context of eLearning, the updated D&M ISS model has been applied on different types of systems. Lin
(2007) proposed a model to examine the determinants for the successful use of online learning systems by
undergraduate students. The results indicated that system quality, information, quality, and service quality
significantly influenced use via behavioral intention and user satisfaction. Lwoga (2014) employed the
model to examine the factors that predict usage of a web based learning management system by
students. Lwoga’s research was based on prior work (Cheng, 2012; Lee, Yoon, & Lee, 2009), which
introduced a new construct, “instructor quality” that was found to significantly influence perceived
usefulness of an eLearning system. Cheng (2012) used constructs from the technology acceptance model
(TAM) (Davis, 1989) and the updated D&M ISS model (Delone & McLean, 2003) to propose a model to
examine the effect of quality antecedents on learners’ intention to use an eLearning system. Lwoga’s
results showed that system quality was a determinant of user satisfaction this also corresponded to the
results of Cheng (2012) and Chen (2010). Information quality and service quality had no relationship with
user satisfaction, which is an unexpected finding and contradicts the findings of Cheng (2012) and Chen
(2010). Research Model

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.05 -.04 System Quality 0.02 0.20** 0.46***

Information Quality
Behavioral Intention R2= 0.35
0.27*** 0.01
Actual Usage R2= 0.12
0.21***
Figure 2: SEM analysis showing path coefficients, significance and R-square Notes: *** indicates: p <
0.0001 and ** indicates: p < 0.01
In order to test the hypothesis and the structural model, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate
the path’s significance and strength. The strength of the relationship between the exogenous and
endogenous variables (R2) was also measured. Figure 2 and Table 5 show the findings from the
confirmatory factor analysis. Table 5: Structural model and hypothesis testing HYPOTHESIS PATH H1a H1b
H2a H2b H3a H3b H4 H5 H6

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Limitations of Study and Future Works The student sample used in this study was selected from a small
private university in Nigeria whose teaching style is based on the American curriculum thus the findings
from this study should not be generalized to reflect the eLearning adoption by the entire student
population in Nigeria. Future research, therefore, should focus on a wider scope to include public
universities and moderators such as culture, gender and socio-economic factors, in order to form a model
that is generally more applicable. Also, this study focuses only on a specific eLearning technology, i.e. a
learning management system (LMS); hence students’ perceptions might be different when adopting other
eLearning technologies such as Moodle and Blackboard.

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out to provide meaningful learning experiences for students, without being burdened by demands
completing all curriculum achievements for grade promotion and graduation [1]. The Luqman Al-Hakim
Balikpapan Integral Education Institute is one of the schools that has just adopted technology-based
learning in the new school year at the start of the pandemic. Previously, teaching and learning activities at
this school were carried out with the help of Google Classroom. However, due to the limitations of Google
Classroom in providing automated quizzes and tests, the school decided to adopt a new e-learning
platform, namely NUADU. The NUADU platform is a paid educational application that helps to achieve
goals and provide education according to the needs of the organization. The platform is filled with exam
question banks, which contain thousands of contents that meet the national curriculum. The NUADU
data-based system helps identify student learning limitations by providing content and tools to facilitate
learning needs. NUADU evaluates and tracks progress through analysis, reporting, and progress charts and
provides educators and students with insights [2]. Schools hope to apply NUADU as a medium of online
learning that can help achieve the vision, mission, and goals of the school as well as designing and
monitoring student learning online. The selection of the e-learning platform must be in accordance with
the needs of the school to determine the
acceptance and utilization factors of a system. However, the application of an e-learning system such as
NUADU certainly has concerns that need to be addressed. Implementing a new system in schools can be
very complex and inconvenient for users [3]. Based on the results of interviews conducted with the
principal of the elementary school of Luqman Al-Hakim, NUADU as a paid platform has various complex
functions. The current implementation of NUADU has problems, namely that some teachers still do not
understand enough to access the learning features provided by the platform. So that the use of the
features that exist in NUADU is not maximized by the teacher. This causes the use of NUADU's paid
platform to be less effective [4]. To be able to assess and determine the factors that can affect the
acceptance of the NUADU system, an evaluation activity is needed. In a study conducted by Alharbi et al.,
they proposed and modified the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as an effort to help public
universities, especially in Saudi Arabia, predict the behavior of using learning management systems (LMS)
[5]. Then in Mohammadi's research, he proposed an integrated TAM and DeLone & McLean model to
predict the actual use of user e-learning systems in Iran [6]. Recent research on e-learning during a
pandemic, such as research by Sukendro et al., uses the TAM method to understand the factors that
predict the use of e-learning through path analysis of Indonesian physical education students [7].
However, there is still no research on the acceptance analysis of NUADU e-learning. Therefore, based on
the problems described and literature research, the appropriate information system evaluation model to
evaluate the acceptance of the NUADU platform is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). To analyze
the acceptance of the NUADU platform, this research was carried out.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have a lot of positive impacts for the advancement of
education today. Formal education, informal, and non-formal can utilize ICT to support the learning
process to the learners. Excellence offered not only lies in the speed factor and ease in obtaining
information or material resources, but also the multimedia facilities that can make the learning process
more interesting through the interactive visual. The advantages of e-learning encourage the use of
e-learning today has become a necessity no longer necessity or compulsion. Utilization of e-learning
system in the learning process was already inevitable. The advantages offered by e-learning are more
flexible learning opportunities without space and time, making it easier for people to access education,
enriching learning materials, enabling learning processes, making learning more open, improving the
effectiveness of learning, and supporting learners to learn independent [21].

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study on the implementation of e-Learning system has been done using ELR (E-Learning Readiness)
model. Based on 10 ELR factors identified, there are 5 ELR factors are not ready, i.e. HR, financial,
infrastructure, innovation and institution. In fact, it can be said that XYZ University is in the category of not
ready needs some works. Based on the existing condition of readiness, the question arises whether
e-learning applied will succeed or otherwise fail? To answer that question, research needs to be done to
know how the user acceptance of technology or e-learning system? By knowing the level of user
acceptance of a technology, can be predicted utilization rate. If

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Learning by using e-learning system at this time become an important part of university to carrying out
the education. Learning by e-learning system is very supportive to conventional learning, so it is necessary
to measure the success of e-learning implementation. In this article, the research model was developed by
integrating. DeLone& McLean IS concept of success model and adoption model of e-learning success. The
variables that used in this research is technical system quality, service quality, content and information
quality, use, user perceived satisfaction, and individual impact. Data collection is by conducting surveys to
e-learning users which is lecturers and students. To test the model that has been developed, conducted a
survey on UPN "Veteran" Jakarta with the total number of respondents as many as 180 respondents and
obtained 157 respondents who fill the questionnaire correctly. This research, shows both the use and
satisfaction of e-learning system have an impact for individual performance. This research also found that
educational system quality and technical quality are the main factors that encourage user satisfaction with
e-learning system, while the use of elearning system that influenced by content & information quality, also
user perceived satisfaction for e-learning system.

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success of information systems that affect to each other. The model consists of six factors or variables that
is system quality, information quality, satisfaction, use, individual impact, and organization impact. The
measurement of the success variables of information systems can not be measured independently but
must be as a whole. Variables that one will affect the other variables. Based on Figure 1, the quality of the
system, and the quality of the information affect the user to use information systems and user satisfaction
while using information systems. Variables of use and satisfaction of the use information systems will
affect each other and will have an impact on the individual so as to improve the individual performance.
Increased individual performance will have a good impact on the organization. The quality of information
systems is influenced by data accuracy, easy to use, convenience factor,
user realization, system features and functionality, accurate, flexible, efficient, reliable, and sophisticated
systems, system integration, has good response time and turnaround time. The quality of information can
be measured by relevance, usefulness, informative, easy to understand, consistent, comprehensiveness,
novelty of information, and not double meaning [3].

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the quality of information and content and affect to user satisfaction. There is a positive relationship
between the quality of the engineering system, the quality of information & content, and the quality of the
education system with user satisfaction. Service quality is requirement of an e-learning system for efficient
services, as measured by responsiveness, empathy, trust, and security [4][7].Quality of service is essential
for satisfaction and use [8][9][10], and in the context of e-learning service quality positively impacts the use
of e-learning and user satisfaction. The quality of the e-learning system includes the user's function, utility,
navigation, and accessibility [6].Through the translation, the authors suspect there is a positive relationship
between the quality of e-learning system with the perception of user satisfaction e-learning system
formulated in the following hypothesis: H5: The quality of the technical system affects the perceptions of
user satisfaction of e-learning information systems.

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respondents to see a series of statements and express opinions. Details scale from scale 1 (strongly
disagree), scale 2 (disagree), scale 3 (neutral), scale 4 (agree), and scale 5 (strongly agree). Table 2 contains
a research instrument for analyzing the success factors of implementing e-learning systems at universities.
Here's an explanation of the instruments.

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Table 4. Value Measurement Model AVE

CA CR Discriminant Validity 0.530184 0.704782 0.818485 Yes 0.699913 0.849913 0.901854 Yes The
standardized loading factor for measuring constructs or variables that can not be directly
measured actually serves as a good indicator in measuring the construct is 0.7. Based on table 4
Unqualified indicators, drop and re-calculate. However, some variables have a value of cronbach's alpha
<0.7. so it needs to do data processing again. If outer loading and outer weight are insignificant, there is
no empirical support to maintain that indicator must be eliminated from the model. To make a better
approach in multidimensional procedures, the researcher should lower the lowest loading factor once at a
time, and repeat this process until it meets the requirements to achieve more than 0.60[15].Therefore, the
researcher uses the loading factor value> 0.60 as the loading factor value to determine the indicator's
validity in measuring the construct. all variables with cronbach's alpha and composite reliability are> 0.70.
The test results state that the model can meet the reliability test. So some indicators need to be removed
include U3, TSQ11 and TSQ12. While the structural model evaluation is done through two stages that is to
see the value of R-square

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use in accordance with the results of research conducted by other researchers [10][11][15][12]. The
management must maintain service quality by means of, forming a helpdesk section, providing services
and explanations online to assist in the use of e-learning. Result indicates that content and information
quality has no significant impact user perceived satisfaction. The content & information quality should be
retrievable, useful, understandable, interesting, and reliable. And educational system quality and technical
system quality has no significant impact [Link] management need to make continuous improvements to
the education system quality factors such as collaborative and active learning, learning outcome
evaluation that allows users to view their academic achievement as well as the facilities easy and
convenient communication between users of e-learning. In addition, the management must always
maintain the quality of the technical system by means of ease of finding information, ease of integration
with other systems and high reliability.

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satisfaction, so the hypothesis H2 was accepted. This result is in accordance with the research conducted
by McGill et al [20] where system quality affected user satisfaction significantly. His research stated that the
more e-commerce being used, usually followed by the more benefits users get from e-commerce. It means
that e-commerce Lazada, Bukalapak and Shopee being very useful in users’ life. Other research conducted
by Nirwanto & Andarwati [21] stated that the factors that cause system quality had significantly affected
user satisfaction are convenience and integrated systems. As we known, this e-commerce have grown very
fast and they become more integrated in their system, which is very useful and helpful for users. Seddon
and Kiew [22] also stated that user satisfaction is the result of the interpretation of information quality,
system quality, and usability. On the other hand, the effect of system quality on user satisfaction can be
insignificant because of the presence of work procedure factors that are inherent in the user [23]. This
research has resulted that the information quality on Lazada, Bukalapak, and Shopee had no significant
effect on use, so hypothesis H3 was rejected. This result is in accordance with the research conducted by
Khayun et al [24] where the information quality had no significant effect on use but had an effect on user
satisfaction which in turn will affect use. The more satisfied users of Lazada, Bukalapak and Shopee, the
system use will also increase. This is also confirmed by research conducted by Baron & Kenny [25] where
information quality had indirectly affected use through user satisfaction. McGill et al [20] study also stated
that there are indirect effects of information quality through user satisfaction with use. The insignificant
influence between the information quality on use can also be caused by the existence of mandatory nature
of the system use, as expressed by Goodhue & Thomson [26] and Iivari [27]. Meanwhile, according to Rai
et al [28], there was significant influence between information quality to use, when measured from system
dependence. If the user feels a dependence on an information system, this will cause the use level to
increase. Research conducted by Wang et al [29] stated that the information quality can have a significant
effect on use because of the trust factor. The existence of trust factors can increase the intensity of use.
This study showed the information quality of Shopee and Lazada significantly influence user satisfaction
while

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II. LITERATURE REVIEW

A. User Acceptance User acceptance is the user’s desire to use information
technology designed to help work and is seen as an internal factor
that determines the success or failure of using
information technology (Nasir, 2013). User acceptance also a user’s willingness to employ technology for
task it is designed to support (Teo, 2011).

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Moreover, this study will focus on the factors that affect on using of mobile device in learning in higher
education
students by explore the system factors, based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was proposed by
Davis.

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Finally, [9] “Identifying motivating factors for m-learning in developing countries is needed”. The mobile
learning at Jordan Universities is still at an early stage and limited adoption it. Students are the centre of
the educational process [21]. So it is necessary to identify their attitudes towards using mobile phones in
education rather than actual use
As a result, the purposes of this study will focus only on the quality factors for LMS that influence the
acceptance of Mlearning; system quality (SQ) and information quality (IQ) were often used in the
evaluation of system.

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which assumes that humans have a rational nature, and human social behavior is not influenced by
coercion or unconsciousness. Based on this theory, it can be seen that rational human behavior is a
decision made by an individual in a conscious and not forced state. However, Venkatesh et al. (2003)
revealed a more complex and compelling theory called Technology Adoption and Utilization Integration
Theory which consists of four core concepts such as performance expectations, hard-work expectations,
social influence, and contributory factors, as well as four accompanying variables, namely gender, age,
experience and voluntary. This research does not measure the concept of consumer expectations
regarding the performance of

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learning application in terms of acceptance of new technology so that it is different from the research
conducted by Breohl et al. (2019), Pikkarainen et al. (2004), and Venkatesh et al. (2003). In this study, there
are several differences with Hertzfeld's (2019), which revealed that the use of robotic services in the hotel
industry in Japan is constrained by the ability of automated technology, which cannot reduce employees'
workload does not reduce operational costs. Murphy et al. (2019) revealed that robotic automation
systems must determine the relationship between hotel management needs, robotic systems, and
consumer needs to work optimally. Zhong et al. (2020) revealed that behavioral intentions using robotic
applications
in the hospitality industry could be influenced by several factors: perceptions of positive attitudes,
perceptions of usefulness, perceived value, sentimental value, behavioral control, and ease of use of
technology-based services. Szajna (1996) conducted an empirical test of the technology acceptance model
(TAM) following the research method conducted by Davis (1989). The research results revealed that
perceived usefulness significantly affects using the internet. Perception of convenience does not directly
affect the intention to use the internet; specifically, it can affect use intention if it passes through the
perception of usefulness. Alshurideh, Al Kurdi, and Salloum (2019) conclude that social influence and
confirmed expectations factors positively affect perceived ease of use, benefits, and satisfaction. These
three factors positively influence students' intention to use the Mobile Learning System. Kumar &
Palanisamy (2019) operates sub-group analysis, resulting in four respondents groups. The adoption of
mobile payments is dominated by men who live in fast-growing cities. Perceptions of usefulness and ease
of use emerged as influencing factors in the adoption of mobile payments. Prakosa & Sumantika (2021)
reveal that trust and usability factors can influence someone to buy a
6|
Journal of Health and Behavioral Science Vol.4, No.1, March 2022, pp. 1~16

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Alpha. We also operated the reliability test using SPSS and produced a value above 0.8 on all constructs.
We performed confirmatory factor analysis to execute a validity test for each indicator item in this study. In
particular, the results of the validity of each indicator on the variables of information system quality,
perceived usefulness, and intention to reuse online learning applications.

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Journal of Health and Behavioral Science Vol.4, No.1, March 2022, pp. 1~16
On the measurement test of the re-use intention variable, one indicator has a
loading factor value of less than 0.5, namely the npu4 indicator. The code indicator npu4, which states, “I
intend to use online learning media in the future," has a loading factor value of less than 0.5 so that the
item must be dropped and not included in the following process. Respondents perceived that they not
only use online learning media to carry out learning activities. In general, respondents have zero desire to
continuously use online learning methods. The researchers believed that respondents in the Sumatran
area, especially in
Bengkulu Province, are not generally able to access a good internet connection. Therefore, this hampers
the online learning process. This is confirmed in one of the respondents’ statements regarding the
perceived usefulness of online learning, which states “online learning is effective” with the code u5, which
has a loading factor value below 0.4. Hypotheses Test Technique The analysis of the measurement model
in this research was carried out using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); the researcher will only examine
one research model and use structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess how well the model fits the
empirical data (Hair et al., 2010). To examine the hypothesis, we operated the regression analysis based on
structural equation modeling by looking at the critical ratio value generated from the calculation of
loading of each relationship between constructs contained in the research model and looking at the
estimated value of standardized regression weights.
Result
The results of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Result of Measurement Model Test We operated
AMOS 20 software program to analyze Structural Equation Modelling based on confirmatory factor
analysis. Figure 1 is the result of the measurement model test based on SEM. Based on Table 1, the
chi-square (X2

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most indirect variable affect the behavioural intentions is system quality. This means that system quality is
the most important factor to affect smartphone system. We also found that perceived ease of use is very
important for smartphone users, and if the smartphone systems are not easy to use, would not be
accepted by people.

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studies adopted TAM to verify the high level of explained variation of this model (Park et al., 2013; Agrebi
and Jallais, 2015; Dutot, 2015). TAM comprises perceived ease of
incorporate service quality (DeLone and McLean,
Exploring Taiwanese’s smartphone user intention 101
use (PEOU), PU, attitude toward using (ATU), behavioural intention (BI) to use, actual system use (AU), and
external variables, wherein PU and PEOU are considered primary factors that
influence individual acceptance of technology and contribute
effectiveness of the TAM. PEOU represents ease of operating a certain system (Davis, 1989). A high PEOU

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aims to determine the validity of each relationship between the indicator and its latent variable. In this
study, the authors used a factor loading limit of 0.6, which means the indicator would be considered valid
if it had an external loading value of more than 0.6.

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SYQ5, SYQ6, IQ3, and SEQ1 have low validity because they do not comply with the requirements ie above
0.6. These indicators must be removed/dropped from the model before testing at a later stage. The model
after falling on the indicator that has a loading factor value below 0.6 is as follows:
AVE values below 0.5, namely the variable Information Quality, Service Quality, and System Quality, while
the other variables have shown good convergent validity. For Information Quality, Service Quality, and
System Quality variables, dropping must be done on several indicators so that these variables can meet
the requirements of AVE value AVE 0.5.

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the construct has adequate discrimination or not. To find out is to compare the loading value on the
variable correlation construct that is greater than the loading factor value to other variables. Following are
the results of discriminant validity in the cross-loading value table:

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Perceived Usefulness The usefulness of perceived (perceived usefulness) explains the extent to which
people believe that using a particular system will improve their performance (Davis, 1989). Trust is related
to the level of usefulness of the use of information systems. If users believe that the information system
used is useful they will use it, whereas if users feel unbelievable that the information system being used is
not useful then they will not use it. Chin & Todd (1995) looked at the usefulness of several perspectives
including being able to make work easier, be useful, be able to increase productivity, be able to increase
effectiveness, and improve job performance. It not only makes work easier and more useful, but Seddon
and Kiew (1994) that something will be useful if it is able to provide benefits in the future. The impact that
will occur when the user has felt the benefits of the information system used is able to provide user
satisfaction. The usefulness of perceived is the most important factor in providing user satisfaction (Ainil,
2012).
Top Management Support Romney and Steinbart (2009: 64) explain that top management support is how
top management defines the information and processing needed, sets goals and objectives of the system,
reviews the system and allocates funds. Thong et al. (1996) explain that top management support is an
important key factor in being able to implement information systems effectively. The same opinion is also
explained by Young & Jordan (2008) that top management support is the most important determinant of
success in an information systems project. In this study, top management support is the support given by
top management to the Development Monitoring and Evaluation System (SMEP). The involvement of top
management in providing support for the implementation of information systems is expected to be able
to provide convenience to the users of the system with the aim of providing satisfaction to the system
users.

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Research Framework This research measures the success of information systems through the modified
DeLone & McLean (2003) model. In the modification of the Delone & McLean (2003) model carried out in
the Oktavia study (2016) there are still some constructs that must be reviewed, including not including the
quality constructs. Whereas Baroudi and Orlikowski (1988) and Nursudi (2013) also explained that
Information Technology staff was one of the factors that influenced the satisfaction of system users. In
addition, the construct of use (use) should not be used in measuring information systems that are
mandatory. Susanty (2013) and Livari (2005) that the quality of information and the quality of the system
does not affect the use (use). Furthermore, Ozkan et al. (2008) founded that in almost every information
system effectiveness study, organizational characteristics are one of the most important aspects of
assessing information system effectiveness. To complement the success factor of the information system
that represents the organization and environment, a construct of top management support was added
(Rouibah et al., 2009). This underlies researchers using system quality, information quality, service quality
of user involvement, and user satisfaction as endogenous variables, and net benefits as endogenous
variables.

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Outer model evaluation is used to measure the validity and reliability. Validity testing is directed towards
testing the construct validity to find out how well the results obtained from the use of a measurement in
defining the construct. Validity testing is done through convergent validity test and discriminant validity
test. Convergent validity is related to measurements of a construct that should be highly correlated. The
score is considered satisfactory if the factor loading value is more than 0.7, the average varianced
extracted (AVE) is more than 0.5 and the communality is more than 0.5. Discriminant validity associated
with different construct gauges should not be correlated. The score is considered satisfactory if the root
value of AVE is greater than

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The Effect of Information Quality on User Satisfaction The test results show that hypothesis 2 is accepted.
This means that the Development Monitoring and Evaluation System with good quality information output
will give satisfaction to the users of the system. This user satisfaction arises from complete information
from the SMEP output, relevant information according to user needs, information that does not contain
many errors, information that is always up to date and easy to understand. The results of this study
support the success model of information systems DeLone & McLean (2003) that one of the factors of the
success of an information system is the quality of information. The results of this study are also consistent
with research conducted by Utama (2017), Wang & Liao (2008) and Indriasari (2008), which state that
information quality has a positive effect on user satisfaction. In this study, it shows that the quality of
information is an important factor in the successful implementation of an information system. SMEP users
in Malang Regency Government believe that good quality information will give users satisfaction because
it makes it easier for the evaluation and reporting staff to compile reports relating to program realization,
finance and development.
The Effect of Service Quality on User Satisfaction The test results show that hypothesis 3 is accepted. This
means that a good quality of service to the Development Monitoring and Evaluation System will give
satisfaction to the users of the system. This form of satisfaction comes from a sincere interest by vendors
and IT staff to solve problems, speed and responsiveness, assurance of the operational certainty of the
system running smoothly and the ability of vendors / IT staff to perform system services properly without
any errors. The results of this study support the success model of information systems DeLone & McLean
(2003) that one of the factors of the success of an information system is service quality. The results of this
study are consistent with research conducted by Wang & Liao (2008), Utami & Samopa (2013) and
Almutairi & Subramanian (2005) which state that service quality has a positive effect on user satisfaction.
In this study, service quality is an important factor that must be considered in implementing SMEP. SMEP
users feel that internal and external IT teams that are able to support the operation of the system to
perform daily tasks will provide a sense of satisfaction and comfort.

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The quality of the system, the quality of information, the quality of service and the usefulness of
perception are the determining factors for the successful implementation of SMEP. The good quality of
SMEP can affect user satisfaction by increasing ease of use, making user friendly appearance, reducing
system error rates and increasing system security. The good quality of SMEP information can affect user
satisfaction by providing complete, relevant, accurate, up to date information as well as a clear and easy to
understand format. The good quality of SMEP services can affect user satisfaction by increasing the
empathy of internal & external IT staff, increasing speed and responsiveness of good IT staff can affect
user satisfaction, guaranteeing the smooth running of the system to users, and increasing the ability of
internal and external IT staff. A good perception of the usefulness of SMEP can affect user satisfaction by
developing systems in accordance with the user's job needs and is able to facilitate the user's work so that
users feel that SMEP is important to use. Furthermore, users who feel satisfied and comfortable using
SMEP can influence net benefits by increasing the performance, effectiveness and productivity of
individuals and organizations.
Top management support is not a determining factor for the successful implementation of SMEP. The
presence or absence of support provided by top management does not affect system user satisfaction.
This is because direct support for the use of SMEP in the form of active participation, encouragement to
the relevant divisions and concern for the system lies with the Head of Division, Head of Subdivision and
Head of Sie. System users feel that the support given to the implementation of SMEP is done at the middle
management level.

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Hartono, J., Abdillah. (2009). Konsep dan Aplikasi dan PLS Untuk Peneitian Empiris. Yogakarta. Indonesia:
BPFE. Hussein, R., Selamat, H., & Karim, A. (2005). The Impact of Technological Factors on Information
System Success in the Electronic Government Context. Paper presented at The Second International
Conference on Innovations in Information Technology, Emirates Tower Hotel, Dubai.

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4.1. Factor analysis Table 2 shows the factor analysis of the independent variables named Functionality
(FUN) which consists of 5 items (two items were removed due to high cross loading), Enjoyment (ENJ)
which consists of 4 items (two items were removed due to high cross loading), Assurance (ASUR) which
consists of 2 items, Convenience (CONVEN) which consists of 3 items, Design (DESGN) which consists of 2
items, Security (SEC) which consists of 2 items and Customization (CUSTOM) which consists of 3 items. The
value of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sample adequacy is 0.922 and the value of total variance
explained is 71.437% which is significant and acceptable.
Table 2 also shows the factor analysis of the mediating variable named customer satisfaction (CS) and the
values of KMO measure of sample adequacy and total variance explained are 0.664 and 63.937%,
respectively, which are significant and acceptable. The factor solution of dependent variables named
loyalty (LOY) and Behavior Intentions (BI) is also shown in Table 2. The values of KMO measure of sample
adequacy and total variance explained for loyalty (LOY) are 0.845 and 64.349%, respectively, and the
values of KMO measure of sample adequacy and total variance explained for Behavioral Intentions (BI) are
0.665 and 64.469%, respectively, which are significant and acceptable.

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for use of this technological device are important issues. Previous studies have shown that healthcare
professionals' behaviors regarding the use ofinformation systems are influenced by the factors ofpersonal
perception and technological functionality through theoretical perspectives, such as the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM)3 and Information Systems Success Model (ISSM).4 For instance, previous
researchers have adopted the Davis-developed TAM to measure nurses' behavioral intention and actual
use ofhealthcare information systems.5–7 They found that TAM has the power to explain technological
acceptance and users' satisfaction as regards NIS implementation. Other studies have applied the theory
of ISSM to explore the characteristics of success as regards healthcare technological functionality.8–10
Their work verified that ISSM is suitable for the evaluation of successful technological capability as regards
the information processing requirements of healthcare organizations. These studies help achieve a more
systematic understanding ofindividual and technological factors that influence users' behavior and
performance with healthcare information systems from a holistic perspective ofhuman-computer
interactions. As mentioned previously, NISs are implemented so that
nurses can provide more effective and safe healthcare services. Previous literature indicates that
performance and effectiveness are driven by the internal consistency or alignment between various
patterns of relevant contextual, structural, and resource factors.11,12 That is, the results of high alignment
in human-computer interactions can enhance the performance of individuals and organizations. On the
basis of information processing view13 statements, an alignment between the users' needs and
technological functionality of information processing, when achieved, can facilitate optimal performance
of individuals and organizations.14 In this study, the concepts of perceived usefulness and perceived ease
ofuse from the TAMwere conceptualized as a contrast ofuser needs and expectations with actual
performance perceptions. System quality, information quality, and service quality ofISSMwere
conceptualized as a contrast oftechnological functionality with success characteristics ofNISs. Previous
researchers have suggested that, on the observation of alignment, one not only should consider the

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cades, there is no limited literature that investigates the performance of NIS implementation from a
reductionist perspective of alignment. To improve the understanding of this issue, the current study was
undertaken to explain how performance is affected by the alignment ofhuman-computer interactions
through bivariate patterns ofinterlinkages between users' perceptions and success characteristics
oftechnological functionality. This study used concepts from the TAM (ie, perceived usefulness and
perceived ease of use) and ISSM (ie, system quality, information quality, and service quality) as two
independent variables and considered the alignment ofTAMand ISSM to be a latent variable for the
various antecedent factors ofperformance with NIS use. Since an NIS is a necessary device in a nurse's
duties, the implementation of NIS is not based on individual desires. Thus, this study adopted nurses'
satisfaction with NIS use as a dependent variable to reflect the performance of the alignment of TAM and
ISSM. As Petter and Fruhling9 documented, healthcare professionals' satisfaction is often used to evaluate
a hospital information system's success or failure in the field ofhealthcare informatics. This study
attempted to examine the influences of co-

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Reliability and Validity This study adopted confirmatory factor analysis to measure the reliability and
validity ofmulti-item scales. All the values of composite reliability were greater than the threshold of 0.7,
and the average variance extracted (AVE) exceeded 0.531; composite reliability values ranged from 0.794
to 0.889, and the AVE values ranged from 0.533 to 0.714, indicating that all constructs had good reliability.
Correlation values and AVE square root values were compared to

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evaluate discriminant validity. All items have significant factor loadings ofat least 0.7; they ranged from
0.733 to 0.881. The results implied that the instrument has a favorable outcome for convergent validity.32
Cronbach α ranged from .748 to .914, showing that all values were greater than the minimum requirement
of Cronbach α coefficients at .7.32 As presented in Table 2, the results indicated that all constructs had
good reliability. Table 3 shows the AVE square root values on the diagonal line, which surpassed the values
on the nondiagonal line that were correlation coefficients between interconstruct correlations. The results
implied that the measurement model has acceptable convergent validity and discriminant validity.31 The
variance inflation factor ofthe research model ranged
from 1.833 to 5.070. The variance inflation factor values were less than 10, which implied no
multicollinearity in the research model.33

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that an R2 value greater than 10%was acceptable; this value will indicate the goodness offit ofthemodel. In
the study, the R2 value was 32.6%, and, thus, the result indicated that the research model is a model of
goodness of fit. Moreover, the co-alignment of TAM and ISSM has a significant
<Files\\eng - park2014> - § 3 references coded [4,05% Coverage]

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Telematics and Informatics 31 (2014) 376–385 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Telematics and
Informatics journal homepage: [Link]/locate/tele
An Integrated Adoption Model of Mobile Cloud Services: Exploration of Key Determinants and Extension
of Technology Acceptance Model
Eunil Park a, Ki Joon Kim b, a Graduate School of Innovation and Technology Management, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea b Interaction Science
Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
article i nfo
Article history: Received 19 September 2013 Received in revised form 14 November 2013 Accepted 20
November 2013 Available online 4 December 2013
Keywords: Mobile cloud computing services Technology acceptance model Perceived mobility Perceived
connectedness Perceived security Perceived service and system quality
ab stra ct
This study identifies and investigates a number of cognitive factors that contribute to shaping user
perceptions of and attitude toward mobile cloud computing services by integrating these factors with the
technology acceptance model. A structural equation modeling analysis is employed on data collected from
1099 survey samples, and results reveal that user acceptance of mobile cloud services is largely affected by
perceived mobility, connectedness, security, quality of service and system, and satisfaction. Both
theoretical and practical implications of the study’s findings are discussed. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.

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2011). In particular, users increasingly benefit from mobile cloud computing that provides instant access to
wireless networks and stored data on remote servers. With its efficiency and convenience, mobile cloud
computing is now considered one of the fastest growing areas of information and communication
technology (ICT), as well as related industrial and academic fields (Satyanarayanan, 1996). While earlier
mobile devices and services faced a number of challenges (e.g., difficult user interfaces, security threats,
limited resources) in maintaining and providing adequate services (Ali, 2009; Satyanarayanan, 1996),
mobile cloud computing has gained significant public interest as a suitable and realistic nextgeneration
computing service that offers a potential solution to these challenges. In spite of the rapidly growing
popularity of cloud computing in the mobile environment, only a few studies have exam-
ined how user perceptions are shaped in mobile cloud computing, and these studies provide little
information on how psychological factors involved in the mobile context determine user acceptance of the
service. Therefore, this study first identifies user perceptions of mobility, security, connectedness, service
and system quality, and satisfaction as key components of mobile cloud services and then examines how
these factors affect user perceptions and acceptance of the services. More importantly, this study
integrates these psychological factors with the technology acceptance model (TAM) and develops a new
research model to predict the adoption of mobile cloud services by confirming the convergent,
discriminant, and internal validity of the proposed model via structural equation modeling (SEM).

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constructs that are similar to the findings of earlier studies. Therefore, the current study employs the
TAM-based approach and examines the role of the following psychological factors in determining the user
acceptance of mobile cloud services.

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2. Method This study used the success factors of The DeLone and McLean's Success Information System
Model [3,4]. The research step is carried out, the first step is to set indicators for each factor; the second
step, create a questionnaire with a list of questions according to the indicators; the third step, distributing

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2.1 The success factors of The DeLone and McLean Model The success factors of The DeLone and McLean
Model, consists of System Quality, Information Quality, Service Quality, Use, User Satisfaction and Net
Benefits[4]. Can be seen in Figure 1.

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Satisfaction Net Benefits Figure 1. The DeLone and McLean Model

2.2 The indicators for each factor Indicator of System Quality[5], among other System Flexibility, System
Integration, Time to Respond, Error Recovery, Convenience of Access, Language. Indicator of Information
Quality[5], consists of Completeness, Precision, Reliability, Currency, Format of Output. Indicator of Service
Quality, consists of Assurance, Empathy, Responsiveness. Indicator of Use[4], among other Daily Use Time
and Frequency of Use[5]. Indicator of User Satisfaction[4], among other Repeat Purchases and Repeat Visit.
Indicator of Net Benefits[6], among other Speed of accomplishing task, Job Performance and Effectiveness.

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discussion among scholars, especially in the area of ICT, in recent years. It’s causing a shift changing from
traditional to internet based learning. It’s mainly because e-learning conducted via internet, without
internet connection e-learning is not possible to be implemented. Dorobat’s [2] proposed model and
future research to a more comprehensive model for the evaluation of E-Learning System Success (ELSS).
Her [2] proposed model based on six perspectives: overall system quality; user perceived control;
usefulness and user satisfaction;
978-1-5090-1669-3/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE
user attitude; social factors; and benefits of using the e-learning systems. In her conclusions, she proposed
a more comprehensive model of ELSS. Meanwhile, Park [3] concluded his research that the result of his
study demonstrated that some TAM constructs had a direct and indirect effect on university students’
behavior to use e-learning. Furthermore, he said that this type of research needs to be implemented in
other elearning circumstances or infrastructures. So, the purpose of this study is to measure the e-learning
systems success implemented in the two higher educational institutions mentioned above. In doing so,
researcher combine the DeLone & McLean Information Systems Success Model with part of Technology
Acceptance Model. In addition to that, by implementing this model, novelties can be obtained because D
& M IS and TAM have been around quite sometime since its original version. After so many years these
models have been implemented, developments and modifications have been made from its original
version; researcher thinks that something must be done to evaluate it. One of the reasons because the
development of ICTs is so fast from time to time, therefore we need to keep up with it.

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D. Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses According to Sekaran [14] a theoretical framework is a

conceptual model of how one theorizes or makes logical sense of the relationships among the several
factors that have been identified as important to the problem. Furthermore Sekaran [14] said that the
theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the variables that are deemed to be integral
to the dynamics of the situation being investigated. So theoretically, it explains the relationship between
the dependent and independent variables. Theoretical framework is used when we have more than two
variables in our research. So, the research model in this study, as depicted in Figure 1.

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and McLean (1992) in an attempt to respond to this problem presented a Success Model that has been
used and keeps evolving in the field of IS. The IS success model presented by DeLone and McLean (1992)
was updated in 2003 and the model holds that information quality, service quality, systems quality,
intention to use/use, user satisfaction and net benefit are the six components of IS success. Concerning the
IS success model, system use precedes user satisfaction while positive experience with use enhances
satisfaction leading to greater intention to use (Petter et al., 2008). Some research studies have augmented
IS model with other technology adoption frameworks. For instance, Li et al. (2012) recognized that
e-learning determinants such as service quality, perceived usefulness, course quality, perceived ease of use
and self-efficacy directly affect e-learning systems use, whereas, the functionality features of the system
and the response user get from the system indirectly affect e-learning systems use. Yakubu and Dasuki
(2018) conducted a study on e-learning adoption among university students in Nigeria with a newly
proposed model of the IS success model. The authors added behavioural intention and actual usage to
some constructs of the IS Success model to study user e-learning adoption. Cheng (2012) examined the
effect of quality e-learning on the intention to adopt and use, in doing so, he
incorporated instructor quality to the already theorized factors of IS success model and emphasized that
information, service, system, and instructor quality have a positive significant effect on e-learning. Likewise,
Jagannathan et al. (2018) employed the model by adding security as a construct in a study to examine the
acceptance

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of internet banking adoption. Freeze et al. (2010) also explored IS Success Model in E-Learning
Context-Based by adding system success in studying Students' Perceptions. Hsu et al. (2014) extended the
model by adding the trust variable in the context of e-commerce. Lee-Post (2009) also evaluated the
e-Learning Success Model in an Information Systems Perspective. Mtebe and Raphael (2018) looked at key
factors in learners’ satisfaction with the e-learning system at the University of Dares Salaam, Tanzania, by
incorporating constructs like instructor quality and perceived usefulness. Some other scholars have also
validated the model in studies like eGovernment systems (Wang and Liao, 2008) e-commerce (Delone and
Mclean, 2004) and a mandatory information system (Iivari, 2005). Some studies have also come out with
association among constructs. For instance, Wang and Chiu (2011) incorporated communication quality to
the other components of the IS success model. The authors showed that communication quality, service
quality and information quality have a positive significant effect on the degree to which users get satisfied.
However, when users are satisfied, it results in an intention to reuse the e-learning systems for various
learning activities like interactions and getting feedbacks. Al-Harbi (2011) investigated the factors that
influence e-learning by analyzing the perceptions and attitudes of Saudi university students. Al-Harbi
(2011) in his study combined factors from TAM and TPB to explain significant perceptional and attitudinal
factors related to the acceptance of e-learning (Davis, 1989; Ajzen, 1991). The findings demonstrated that
attitudes toward e-learning, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, as well as e-learning system
attributes, were critical determinants of students' behavioural intention to use e-learning. A study by
Cheng (2012) used constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) by Davis (1989) and the
updated Information System Success model by Delone and McLean (2003) to examine the effect of quality
antecedents on learners’ intention to use an eLearning system. In the study, the author found system
quality, information quality and service as significant predictors of user satisfaction. This result differs from
Lwoga (2014) who showed that information quality and service quality had no relationship with user
satisfaction. According to Alsabawy et al. (2013) IT services are important for elearning to be successful as
they can positively influence perceived usefulness, and user satisfaction. On the other hand, Sawang et al.
(2013) argue that even in the absence of a high-quality IT service, a good e-learning support system can
compensate for the low technological efficacy. Gupna et al. (2013) opined that the quality of teaching in
an e-learning environment is greatly affected by the quality of the e-learning systems adopted.

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have examined the responsibility of family support towards the technology adoption process of the
students [10]. These studies integrated extended TAM, which is intended to affect intern convictions,
perceptions, and intentions of students’ family support, which has positively estimated the ease of use,
usefulness, attitude to tablets as well as the intention of using tablet computers among students [10]. In
addition, extended TAM is used to identify several factors that impact the behavior of users while utilizing
a mobile library application [11]. The positive impact of the behavior considered perceived usefulness and
perceived ease of use addressing the system quality [11]. Furthermore, TAM is commonly combined with
several theories such as DeLone and McLean IS Model [12]. According to Hsu et al. (2014), the DeLone and
McLean IS Success Model is used

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Technology Acceptance Model is utilized towards technology acceptance. It introduces the concepts of
perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) to measure the intentions of the user to use
technology [9]. According to Zheng and Li [10], TAM indicates that the two variables (PE and PEU)
influence the attitude of the students to use a new application, system, or technology. With that, the
attitude of the students influences their behavioral intention to use. According to Mohammadi (2015),
perceived usefulness is described as an important factor of intention, in which it persuades the users to
accept a more advanced and user-friendly technology [16]. With that, if the perceived usefulness of the
online meeting platforms is greater, the more effective is the intention towards its usage. Thus, we
hypothesized that:

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the perceived ease of use for how it determines how users will accept a system for its overall performance.
Like the constructs considered in this study, adaptability, reliability, usefulness, and responsiveness are
factors that highlight how students will be able to accept the different e-learning platforms. In addition,
information quality was also found to have a significant direct effect on perceived usefulness. Information
quality will determine if the information that will be given by the system is verified and accepted by the
user, hence, it will affect the user’s satisfaction, the intent of use, and perceived usefulness [44].
Additionally, accuracy, uniqueness, completeness, relevance, accessibility, precision, and informativeness of
the information given is a major factor to the user’s perceived usefulness [45]. Therefore, information
quality had a significant direct effect on perceived usefulness (β = 0.184 and p = 0.001). Apart from the
significant direct effects, it could be interpreted that the online meeting

<Files\\eng - TAM> - § 4 references coded [1,58% Coverage]

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factor, the individual factor and the social. Theory of planned behavior (TBP) is proposed be TAM has been
tested across various computer

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performing the behavior is less comparatively. Davis [10] success that are interrelated to each other
includes proposed the Technology Acceptance Model, TAM to system and information quality, user
satisfaction, IS use, investigate the relationship of perceived emotions factor organization impact and
individual impact.

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people to distinguish the right point. Secondly, a 3-point analysis to measure the construct validity of the
Likert Scale depresses people's strongest and mildest questionnaire, applying KMO value in the factor
analysis.

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factor analysis. A KMO value above 0.5 correlation coefficients are used to measure the related
justifies the use of factor analysis, it is not fit for index between variables. Samples to be tested are based
factor analysis otherwise [47]. Hence, as Table shows, on the questions of every construct. As Table shows,
the KMO value of each variable is above 0.5, indicating factors of e-learning behavior are correlated with
each each as appropriate for
factor analysis as there are other positively, with each Pearson correlation coefficient
some correlating factors among the variables. It also ranging from 0.39 to 0.58. suggests that the
questionnaire have sufficient construct validity, as all the factor loadings exceed the acceptable

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Adoption of eHealth Systems in Resource-Limited Settings> - § 2 references coded [0,51% Coverage]

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2. Empirically test the modified technology acceptance model for determining the key factors influencing
the intention of healthcare professionals to adopt eHealth technologies in a resource-limited setting.

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79. Idoga PE, Toycan M, Nadiri H, Çelebi E. Assessing factors militating against the acceptance and
successful implementation of a cloud based health center from the healthcare professionals’ perspective: a
survey of hospitals in Benue state, northcentral Nigeria. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2019;19(1):1–18.
doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0751-x

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usefulness (PU) enhance behavior intention to use (BI) and actual use (U) via individual’s “attitude” (ATT)
and perceived ease of use has a direct impact on perceived usefulness. In this study “attitude towards use”
is removed and replaced by “switching cost” variable. Perceived ease of use refers to the degree to which
an individual believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. Beside, perceived usefulness is
defined as the degree to which an individual believes that a particular system would enhance his or her job
performance within an organizational context (Davis et al 1989). Moreover, extended TAMs have focused
on the external variables’ effects like those of service quality and product experience (Lee and Kim β009,
Kim et al β008, Robinson et al β005, Ha and Stoel β009). Service quality signify the overall quality of
information system service (Delone and McLean 199β), while product experience depends on consumer’s
prior familiarities with other alternatives (Fornell 199β, Igbaria 1990). On the other hand, to our
knowledge, alternative attractiveness, which refers to the good alternatives availability in the market (Ping
199γ), has not been used as an external variable previously. Avlonitis and Panagopoulos(β005) used
competition influence, organizational training, and computer experience as social, organizational and
individual external variables in sequence. In this study, the external influence of accountant’s previous
software experiences (individual factors), the service support of the software firm (organizational factors),
and alternatives’ attractiveness (social/environmental factors) on software loyalty and usage intentions will
be looked for.

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Hypothesis 4a: Alternative attractiveness has a positive effect on perceived ease of use
Hypothesis 4b: Alternative attractiveness has a positive effect on perceived usefulness
Service Quality Lots of TAM studies proved positive and significant effects of different service quality
types on PEOU and PU like design aesthetics quality in mobile services (Cyr et al β006) or technical support
in intranet usage (Lee and Kim β009), personal computing acceptance (Igbaria et al 1997), web-based
learning (Sánchez and Huerosβ010). Different combinations of TAM with Delone and McLean’s information
system success model (199β) studied the positive effects of service quality on both PEOU for hotel
information systems (Kim et al β008), CRM applications(Avlonitis and Panagopoulos β005) and also on PU
for library information systems

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on behavioral usage intentions also have been proven (Good and Haris β007). Moreover, Chang and Chen
β008 found that customer interface quality, including customization, interaction and convenience
contributes to generate e-loyalty. Technical support is found as a crucial factor on acceptance of
e-working by auditors (Bedard et al β00γ), on intranet usage in major Korean companies (Lee and Kim
β009) and also on personal computing usage in small firms (Igbaria et al 1997). Hoxmier (β000) mentioned
the important effect of reliable and error-free softwares on company reputation. Similar to those, a good
technical service quality that guarantee error-free and reliable softwares will bring higher repurchase
intentions and loyalty.
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10.γ γ9.6 γγ.5 16.7

15.1 β0.7 56.4 7.8
4.9 8.1 5.8
81.1
Measurement of switching costs At first, switching costs were conceptualised as a first-order factor model
and treated as a
uni-dimensional factor. To assess the reliability and validity of the measurement model, β4 switching cost
items were analysed by exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation and the missing values in the
data set are substituted with a series of mean. The initial analysis resulted in five factors with βγ items in
total(monetary cost, benefit-
loss cost, learning cost, evaluation/set-up cost, and uncertainty cost). One item from the evaluation cost
scale was dropped which did not load meaningfully on the related construct. Moreover, evaluation and
set-up costs are loaded under the same factor. As a result, five firstorder factor loading is obtained. Factor
loadings were between 0.805 and 0.597 for monetary cost, between 0.840 and 0.5β6 for benefit-loss cost,
between 0.814 and 0.757 for learning cost, between 0.77γ and 0.606 for evaluation/set-up cost, and
between 0.818 and 0.560 for uncertainty cost.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Switching Cost As exploratory factor analysis is defined as a precursor for
confirmatory factor analysis
(Gerbing and Hamilton 1996), five first-order factors (monetary, benefit-loss, uncertainty,
evaluation/set-up, learning costs) with βγ items are directed to obtain a second-order switching cost
variable. A maximum likelihood method of estimation by LISREL 8.51 is used for confirmatory factor
analysis. First of all, the items used to measure each of the five components of switching cost were
averaged to arrive at a single score for each component. Then, one single

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Percentages*%* ββ.5
77.5
Page 9
switching cost factor is defined by five single averaged score items representing monetary, benefit loss,
learning, evaluation/set-up and uncertainty costs. The results of confirmatory factor analysis are shown in
figure 1.

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All correlations are significant at the 0.05 level β-tailed. Intercorrelations are included in the lower triangle
of the matrix. Shared variances in % are included in the upper triangle of the matrix. The construct
reliability estimates are underlined and positioned on the diagonal
To assure convergent validity, all factor loadings of items should be significant (their t-
values should exceed 1.96) (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988) and represent their underlying construct factor.
Moreover, the value of average variance extracted (AVE) should exceed .50 (Fornell & Larcker, 1981). AVE
shows directly the amount of variance accumulated in a construct due to its indicators. As shown in table
γ, the values for all factors are either close to or greater than 0.50, supporting the standard of Fornell and
Larcker 1981. Moreover, each of the factor loadings (λij for items, ij for first-order factors, ij for
second-order factors) is significant at the 0.01 level supporting convergent validity for all constructs in the
study. In addition to those, CCR for each construct is calculated using Fornell and Larcker (1981) formula
by the calculation of total coefficients of determination to see whether the measurement variable is
representative of the related construct. All composite reliability coefficients are acceptable, being larger
than 0.60 (Siguaw and Diamantopoulos β000). Moreover, the Cronbach’s alpha values for all factors are
greater than 0.70, confirming the criteria of Nunnally (1978).

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18.γ4 19.50 15.γ4

Dimensionality, convergent and discriminant validity of “structural model” Service quality, product
experience, alternative attractiveness, perceived ease of use,
perceived usefulness, switching cost, behavior intention to use and behavioral loyalty, all are loaded on a
single factor supporting the uni-dimensionality principle for each scale. As a result, the scale validity of 7
factors with γ4 items for BI (behavioral intention to use)model and then γ6 items for BL(behavioral loyalty)
model are tested by confirmatory factor analysis, including switching cost variable. Both models show
good fit indices; BI model (Xβ RMSEA:0.048, CFI:0.99, IFI:0.99, NFI:0.98, RFI:0.97, SRMR:0.041, GFI:0.90,
AGFI:0.88)

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indirect effect on BI is found not significant (0.08) while service quality keeps only its direct effect. Loyalty
is a continous usage behavior that is obtained in the long-term, however usage intention that comes
before “actual usage” in TAMs appears in the short term. Polancˇicˇ, et al β010, found that one of the main
factors for a successful software framework use is a continuous framework use intentions. Loyalty, is the
result of accumulated positive attitude and commitments, in other words the ending point after a bunch of
“intention to use behaviors”. It can be mentioned that in the short-term, a positive service quality alone
will be enough to initiate a usage behavior, however, the positive effect of “perceived usefulness” gain
importance and becomes necessary in the long-term, in order to obtain a customer loyalty. Among the
antecedents of perceived usefulness (i.e., PE, AAT, ServQ), service quality

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perceptions since good alternatives’ availability motivated the trial of other software programs. However,
no relationship was found among experience, PEOU and PU, probably because longterm experience
diminished the overall importance given to both perceived ease of use and usefulness. The majority (81%)
of our sample population had more than 7 yrs of software experience which may automatically disregard
any prospective evaluation processes between other alternatives (table 1). Other non-significant
relationships were found among PEOU, PU, field sales people’s lenght of service (Robinson et al β005) and
also their experience in word processing applications (Burton-Jones and Hubona β006). Another reason
for this insignificancy might be age factor where approximately 50% of our sample population was quite
old, above their 40s. Literature suggests that habits can become stronger with age, because routines
become difficult to change (Harrison and Rainer 199β, Morris and Venkatesh β000). . The longer that
someone has used a system, the more likely it will become a routine tool and users will not need to assess
its PU or PEOU each time they use it.

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Gerbing, D.W. & J.G. Hamilton ( 1996). Viability of exploratory factor analysis as a precursor to
confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling. 3(1),62-72

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Igbaria, M. (1990). End-user computing effectiveness: A structural equational model. Omega, 18(6),
637–652. Igbaria, M., N. Zinatelli, P. Cragg & A. Cavaye (1997) Personal computing acceptance factors in
small firms: a structural equation model. Journal of Management Information Systems 21(3) 279–302.

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Sánchez, R. A. & A. D. Hueros (2010). Motivational factors that influence the acceptance of Moodle using
TAM. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6),1632-1640

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ogy-based-information-system-acceptance-and-success-model> - § 3 references coded [3,35% Coverage]

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factors affecting acceptance of computer technology usage which was developed by Davis et al (1989).
The TAM model, developed based on psychological theory, describes computer user behavior based on
belief, attitude, intention, and user behavior relationship. The purpose of this model is to explain the main
factors of user behavior on technology users acceptance. The DeLone and McLean Information Systems
Success Model (IS Success Model).

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108
RJOAS, 12(72), December 2017 In addition to benefit perception, user satisfaction is an important factor in
the
application of technology-based information systems. Based on DeLone and McLean is success model,
there is a relationship between information system qualities with user satisfaction. In several studies such
as DeLone and McLean (1992), Seddon and Kiew (1997), Choga et al (2014), Kim and Lee (2014), Peter et
al. (2008), DeLone and McLean (2003) discussed the relationship between information system qualities and
user satisfaction. H2: Information system qualities has a positive effect on user satisfaction.

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age of 20 to 30 years (50%). Most respondents work experience was more than 3 years (51%) and
experience using technology-based system between 2-5 years (48%). The loading factor value of all
constructs is greater than 0.7 and the value of AVE and
communality is more than 0.5. Therefore it can be concluded that the constructs and indicators in this
study have met the convergence validity test. Table 2 exhibits that construct possessing higher AVE root
value than the latent variable correlation value means that all constructs have met the discriminant validity
test. All constructs have also met the reliability test with a value of Cronbach's alpha over 0.6 and a
composite reliability value greater than 0.7.

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Coverage]

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Abstract. E-commerce in Indonesia has grown rapidly and provided many positive impacts especially on
the field of online business. Through the developments, there are certainly many factors that must be
carefully considered in all aspects to get the "goal" as desired. So, when an e-commerce website has made
changes whether we can conclude that the results worked so far or not. It can start by taking the existing
factors that become the determinant of one of the successes in the e-commerce website. The study aims
to evaluate factors become the success of an e-commerce ([Link]). Using the McLean and
Delone success model approach that has 5 factors, namely: system quality, information quality, use, user
satisfaction and net benefit. The result shows system quality, user satisfaction, and net benefits influence to
use factor. net benefit influence to use. Quality of information influence to user satisfaction [Link]
user satisfaction influence on net benefit factor. Thus, be expected, the model can be used as reference in
related evaluating an e-commerce website.

Reference 2 - 3,66% Coverage

and maintain subscriptions in order to continue to use the services provided by the seller [2]. The
e-commerce can also expand the scope or market share of the company without sacrificing much of the
cost stored [3] [4]. It can be combined to reduce the cost of operational or marketing administration [5],
the activity of buying, selling products, distribution, marketing, and delivery of goods electronically [6] [7]
[8]. Thus, e-commerce may enhance the company in the existing competition. However, the successful use
of e-commerce needs to be evaluated to know its success. It is needed a specific model that can be a
reference applied the successfully of an e-commerce [9]. There are many studies that have been done in
order to identify the various factors for the success of e-commerce. For example, measuring e-commerce
success using the DeLone & McLean factors, namely: system quality, information quality, use, user
satisfaction and net benefit [10] [11]. The fact that e-commerce entrepreneurs in Indonesia many do not
know whether their ecommerce has achieved success or not. It is due to not knowing how to assess the
success of

Reference 3 - 6,39% Coverage

3. Result and Analysis Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is an analysis that aims to identify validation
based on standardized loading factor and reliability based on cronbach's alpha. CFA processing is done
with AMOS software. Table 3 shows the results of validity and reliability tests to find out valid and
realizable items and invalid and non-reliable items.
Table 3. Validity and Reliability Test Factors
System Quality
User Satisfaction
Information Quality`
Indicators
Standardized Loading Factor
SQ1 0,542 SQ2 0,572 SQ3 0,576 SQ4 0,781 US1 0,522 US2 0,704 US3 0,527 US4 0,518 IQ1 0,535 IQ2 0,647
4
Validity Valid
Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid
Cronbach's Alpha
,868 ,834 ,872 reliability
Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable
3rd NICTE IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 725 (2020) 012108
IQ3 0,532 IQ4 0,624 IQ5 0,572
Net Benefit
Use U1 0,566 U2 0,541 0,671
NB1
NB2 0,825 NB3 0,556 NB4 0,584
Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/725/1/012108 ,712 ,879
Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable Reliable
Based on table 3 above shows that all standardized loading factor values ≥ 0,5 and
Cronbach's alpha> 6.0 Therefore it can be deduced that all indicators of each variable are valid and
reliable. this result can be concluded that all indicators can be used for hypothesis analysis. The result of
SPSS Amoss showed the observed values of Chi-square (χ2) at 298,849 < 331,786; probability (P) at 0,000
< 0.05; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) at 0,073 ≤ 0,08; Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) at
0,874 ≤ 0.90; Parsimonious Normal Fit Index (PGFI) at 0,653 ≥ 0,50; Incremental Fit Index (IFI) at 0,938 ≥
0,90; and Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) at 0,924 > 0,90 [12]. The research model is good fit or accepted [12]. The
result findings were summarized in Table 4.