HUMAN RIGHTS (reiven)

-According to United Nations, human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race,
sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.

How Human Rights Started? (reiven)

The UDHR was adopted by the newly established United Nations on 10 December 1948, in response to
the “barbarous acts which outraged the conscience of mankind” during the Second World War. Its
adoption recognized human rights to be the foundation for freedom, justice and peace.

The Declaration outlines 30 rights and freedoms that belong to all of us and that nobody can take away
from us.

Article 1 Right to Equality

Article 2 Freedom from Discrimination

Article 3 Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security

Article 4 Freedom from Slavery

Article 5 Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment

Article 6 Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law

Article 7 Right to Equality before the Law

Article 8 Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal

Article 9 Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile

Article 10 Right to Fair Public Hearing

Article 11 Right to be Considered Innocent until Proven Guilty

Article 12 Freedom from Interference with Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence

Article 13 Right to Free Movement in and out of the Country

Article 14 Right to Asylum in other Countries from Persecution

Article 15 Right to a Nationality and the Freedom to Change It

Article 16 Right to Marriage and Family

Article 17 Right to Own Property

Article 18 Freedom of Belief and Religion

Article 19 Freedom of Opinion and Information

Article 21 Right to Participate in Government and in Free Elections

Article 22 Right to Social Security

Article 23 Right to Desirable Work and to Join Trade Unions

Article 24 Right to Rest and Leisure

Article 25 Right to Adequate Living Standard

Article 26 Right to Education

Article 27 Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of Community

Article 28 Right to a Social Order that Articulates this Document

Article 29 Community Duties Essential to Free and Full Development

Article 30 Freedom from State or Personal Interference in the above Rights.

HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT (dexter)

Spaniards Colonization (1565-1898)

-Forced conversion of Filipinos to Christianity, the implementation of encomienda system which led to
exploitation and abuse of the native population, the imposition of heavy taxes and tributes, and the
suppression of local culture and languages.

The Philippine-American War (1899–1946)

The First Philippine Republic declared independence and established a constitutional government in
1899, which American military officials viewed as an act of insurrection. Later that year, the Philippine-
American War broke out as the Republic declared war on the United States. By 1902, when the U.S.
Congress passed legislation creating the Philippine Assembly, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos had
been killed or died of famine or disease as a result of the brutal war.

Ferdinand Marcos Declaration of Martial Law (1972-1981)

-According to CNN (2022), The Philippines has officially recognized that 11,103 people were tortured and
abused during the martial law period. There were also 2,326 killings and disappearances between 1972
and 1986, before Marcos Snr.

-According to Amnesty International, at least 50,000 people were arrested and detained under martial
law from 1972 to 1975 alone, among them church workers, human rights activists, legal aid lawyers,
labor leaders and journalists.

DECLARATION OF COMMISION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (dexter)

-The CHR was created as a response to the atrocities committed during Martial Law. When the 1987
Philippine Constitution was drafted, Article XIII on Social Justice and Human Rights clearly defined the
creation of the Commission.

Late President Rodrigro Duterter's War on Drugs (2016-2022)

-Since the election of Rodrigo Duterte in June 2016, a violent ‘war on drugs’ has claimed upwards of
5,000 lives in the Philippines. Executions by police and militia groups that target drug dealers and users
not only exacerbate the drug problem but constitute a violation of the right to freedom from execution
by extrajudicial killing.

Negative Effects of Human Rights Violations in People and Society (dexter)

 Inequality

 Loss of Trust and Cooperation

 Reduced trust in government and institutions

 Increased Tension and Conflict

 Poor Health and Quality of Life

 Psychological trauma and emotional harm

HOW IMPORTANT IS HUMAN RIGHTS? (reiven)

Human rights are needed to protect and preserve every individual's humanity, to ensure that every
individual can live a life of dignity and a life that is worthy of a human being. They protect vulnerable
groups from discrimination and abuse, allow people to stand up for themselves, and follow any religion
without fear and give them the freedom to express their thoughts freely. In addition, they grant people
access to basic education and equal work opportunities.

QUESTION: Why "should" anyone MUST respect them?

HOW CAN WE AVOID OR LESSEN HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION? (reiven)

Promote Equality

Avoid Violating Them

Vote for those who fight for Human Rights

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