Non-alphanumeric code

With JavaScript & PHP by Gareth Heyes

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 How did it begin?
• Yosuke Hasegawa posted to the [Link] message board
• _=[]|[];$=_++;__=(_<<_);___=(_<<_)+_;____=__+__;_____=__+___;$$=({}+
"")[_____]+({}+"")[_]+({}[$]+"")[_]+(($!=$)+"")[___]+(($==$)+"")[$]+(($==$)+"")
[_]+(($==$)+"")[__]+({}+"")[_____]+(($==$)+"")[$]+({}+"")[_]+(($==$)+"")[_];$
$$=(($!=$)+"")[_]+(($!=$)+"")[__]+(($==$)+"")[___]+(($==$)+"")[_]+(($==$)+"
")[$];$_$=({}+"")[_____]+({}+"")[_]+({}+"")[_]+(($!=$)+"")[__]+({}+"")[__+____
_]+({}+"")[_____]+ ({}+"")[_]+({}[$]+"")[__]+(($==$)+"")[___];
($)[$$][$$]($$$+"('"+$_$+"')")();
• We were all amazed that this executed code without the need of
alphanumeric characters

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 How does it work?
• JavaScript is a loosely typed language
• true+true == 2
• The key to non-alpha code is using string indexes to obtain individual letters
• ‘abc’[0] == ‘a’
• Objects can be converted to strings using the concatenation “+” operator
and the toString value of that object can be used
• ''+{} == ‘[object Object]’
• We can use each letter of the generated string ‘[object Object][1] == ‘o’
• But we need 1 right? That is alphanumeric

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Getting numbers
• +[] == 0
• [] array returns a blank string when valueOf/toString is called
• + (infix) operator converts an object to a number
• Because the value is a blank string the result is 0
• To get the number 1 we can use the not “!” operator
• ![] == false; !![] == true
• Reverse of false is true then use + infix to convert to one
• +!![] == 1
• But that’s just 0 and 1 right?

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Getting bigger numbers
• @oxotnick from [Link] came up with a cool trick
• Using object accessors you can increment values without a variable
• ++[[]][+[]] == 1
• Works with an array inside an array:
[[]]
• [[]][+[]] then accessing the first element of the array +[] == 0
• Then finally incrementing the value ++[[]][+[]]
• Notice ++[] is illegal but via accessor it works
• The [] is converted to 0 then incremented by 1
• You can increment further by concatting arrays
• ++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Getting Objects
• Firefox 2 and older browsers allowed you to remove the object from function
call and returned window instead. This is older ES behaviour.
• (1,[].sort)() == window
• This works on IE9 still 
• (1,[].reverse)() == window
• You are removing the “this” value of the array
• [3,1,2].sort() // works as expected
• We need window to call other functions such as alert with non-alpha code

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Generating sort
• We need to generate the string “sort” in order to get our reference to
window
• Any ideas?
• false
• [object Object]
• true
• true
• We need the string index for each of the letters
• For false we need the 3rd index starting from 0
• [object Object] requires 1 and so on

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Generating sort cont.
• First we generate false with ![]+[] and convert it to a string
![] == false
+ [] // converts to string using a blank array
• Getting the letter is trickier then you first think:
![]+[][0] == NaN
• JavaScript is getting the first element of the array instead of concating
• Enclose with another array and access the first element and you get the
string “false”
• [false] [0]
[![]+[]][+[]]
• [‘false’][0][0]
[![]+[]][+[]][+[]] == ‘f’

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Generating sort cont.
• We need to increment the value to access “s” as shown earlier
• ++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]] == 3
• Using our string false we access the third element which is “s”
• [![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]] == ‘s’
• To generate “o” we only need the number 1 and an object string
• []+{} == [object Object] as string
• [[]+{}][+[]] access first element of array which is the string
• We’ll use a shortcut I mentioned eariler
• [[]+{}][+[]][+!![]]
• [[]+{}][+[]][+!![]] accesses 1st element from 0 of our string “o”

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Generating sort cont.
• The same techniques can be applied to get “r” from true
• [!![]+[]][+[]][+!![]] == “r”
• And [!![]+[]][+[]][+[]] == “t”
• Put it all together and what have you got?
• [![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]]+[[]+{}][+[]][+!![]]+[!![]+[]][+
[]][+!![]]+[!![]+[]][+[]][+[]] == ‘sort’
• Using the trick from before we can use an array to get window
• ([],[][[![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]]+[[]+{}][+[]][+!![]]+[!![]
+[]][+[]][+!![]]+[!![]+[]][+[]][+[]]])() // kaboom! Window on IE9!

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Calling alert(1)
• Making “a”, “l”, “e” follows the same process, we already have “r” and “t”
• [![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]] // “a” 1st position from false
• [![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]] // “l” 2nd position from false
• [![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]]
// “e” 4th position from false
• Lets combine it all together
• ([],[][[![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]]+[[]+{}][+[]][+!![]]+[!![]
+[]][+[]][+!![]]+[!![]+[]][+[]][+[]]])()[[![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]]+[![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++
[[]][+[]]][+[]]]+[![]+[]][+[]][++[[]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+[]]+[++[[]][+[]]][+
[]]]+[!![]+[]][+[]][+!![]]+[!![]+[]][+[]][+[]]](+!![])
// alert(1)

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Executing arbitrary JavaScript
• Generating every single character is hard work
• Using Function you can generate a character from a octal escape
• “a” looks like \141 in octal
• Function('return"\\141"'); // returns “a”
• We need the letters in “Function”, “return” and generate the required octal
number
• The conversion function converts the input into octal
• A reference to window is added, along with the a range of numbers 0-9
• Any code can be executed using this method

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 The great char wall
• How many characters are required to execute non-alphanumeric code?
• 6 characters. ()[]!+
• The great char wall was named by me and sirdarckcat as a impossible
barrier to break
• We tried many many times
• You need “(“ and “)” to call functions “[“ and “]” to access string indexes and
access properties and + to concat and convert into a number. “!” is
important because you can generate true or false
• Can you break the char wall?

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
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$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Attempts to break the wall
• Many JavaScript warriors have tried and failed to break the wall
• Without “!” you can’t get true or false with “[]+()”
• Without “(“ and “)” you can’t get window
• Without “p” and “_” you can’t get properties such as __parent__ on older
browsers
• The wall is an impossible problem that cannot be solved without some sort
of JavaScript quirk
• I tired and failed to break it again

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 A non-alpha demo

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Decoding non-alpha code
• Properties are unknown and are calculated at run time
• E.g. Obj[x] but we don’t know “x” until the script runs
• You could convert basic patterns such as +[] to zero etc but subtle variations
in the code could bypass this
• We don’t know the property and we don’t know the object either
e.g. !obj true or false? We don’t know

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 How can you decode then?
• Sandbox the JavaScript code
• Proxy any calls to native functions and observe the result
• Remember Function?
• If we can change “Function” then we can have the decoded result
• The sandboxed code runs as normal but in a fake environment that we
control

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
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"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Decode demo

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$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 How decoding works
• Uses free JavaScript sandbox that I developed called JSReg
[Link]("$sandbox$", function(code){
var js = [Link](), result;
[Link]({doNotFunctionEval:true,functionCode:
function(code) {
code = [Link]("J.F();var $arguments$=J.A(arguments);",'');
result = code;
}});
try {
[Link](code);
} catch(e){
return e;
}
return result;
});
$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 How decoding works cont.
• Extends the environment with a custom sandbox function
• Changes JSReg behaviour to only run Function but not execute the code
• Removes any unneeded sandboxing code that remains
• JSReg does the rest 

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Fooling the decoder
• If you can detect you’re in a sandboxed environment you could alter the
code’s behaviour
• You could break the sandbox
• You could find a syntax quirk inside the sandbox to prevent execution
• You could use eval instead of Function
• You could use a browser DOM object

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Defending the sandbox
• You could change eval and related Functions behaviour and log the result
• Provide a fake DOM object that an attacker thinks is real
• I challenge awesome security researchers on [Link] to break JSReg to
prevent sandbox escapes and syntax problems
• Make the environment seem real by overwriting toString/valueOf of every
native object/function to return the expected result

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Is non-alpha code evil?
• Without testing the boundaries of what is possible we cannot hope to
provide adequate defences
• The attacker could figure it out anyway
• Anyone researching malicious non-alpha code will be forced to use tools
that can decode the data
• Improves tools

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 PHP Non-alpha

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 You can do this in PHP?
• I wanted to emulate this stuff in PHP
• Nobody thought it was possible
• PHP lacks the toString/valueOf properties of JavaScript
• How can you generate characters from nothing?

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Thinking about non-alpha PHP
• PHP does a string conversion for arrays and results in “Array”
• Maybe we can use those characters?
• Hmmm what can we call with that? Not much
• How can we generate other characters from Array to enable us to execute
code

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Bitwise operators on strings
• I figured out that PHP allows bitwise operators on strings
• A | B == C
• Generating “_” is difficult though
• Using two or more operations can result in different characters. E.g.
Generate “C” use “C” to generate “D” etc

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Process for gen underscore
• Create array, concat with self to string, for loop to find char to xor, second
loop to gen first char with A
• $§[]=$§; //creates an array
• $§=$§.$§; // converts to string ArrayArray
• $§§=+$§; // converts to zero
• $§[+$§§++]// gets “A” from the string
• $§[$§§+$§§+$§§]// gets “A”
• “A” | (XOR “a” with 0x7f)
• Result: $§[]=$§;$§=$§.$§;$§§=+$§;$§[+$§§++]|($§[$§§+$§§+$§§]^0x7f);
• 0x7f is the literal character

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Clever but...
• Stefan Esser (security god of PHP) said nice but why not use ++ or --
• Increment/decrement works on strings!
• $x='a';$x++;echo $x; // “b”
• Generating underscore was fun but it is smarter to use ++ or --

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Calling print “hello”
<?php
$§[]=$§;$§=$§.$§;$ϩ=+$§;$Ϫ=$ϩ;$Ϫ++;$ϫ=$Ϫ+$Ϫ;$Ϭ=$ϫ+$Ϫ;$ϭ=$Ϭ+$Ϫ;$
Ϯ=$ϭ+$Ϫ;$ϯ=$Ϯ+$Ϫ;$ϰ=$ϯ+$Ϫ;$ϱ=$ϰ+$Ϫ;$ї=$ϱ+$Ϫ;$Ұ=$§[$ϩ]|($§[$Ϭ]^•);$ұ
=$§[$Ϫ];$Ӥ=$§[$ϩ]|($§[$Ϫ]&â);$ӥ=$§[$ї+$Ϫ];$Ӧ=$Ұ^($ϰ.ӥ);$ӧ=$Ӥ.$Ӧ.$ұ;$
Ө=$ӧ($ї.$ϰ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$Ϫ.$Ϯ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$Ϫ.$Ϯ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$ϩ.$Ϫ).$ұ.$ӧ($Ϫ.$Ϫ.$ϯ);$Ө($
ӧ($Ϫ.$Ϫ.$ϫ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$Ϫ.$ϭ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$ϩ.$Ϯ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$Ϫ.$ϩ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$Ϫ.$ϯ).$ӧ($Ϭ.$
ϫ).$ӧ($Ϭ.$ϭ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$ϩ.$ϭ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$ϩ.$Ϫ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$ϩ.$ϱ).$ӧ($Ϫ.$ϩ.$ϱ).$ӧ($Ϫ.
$Ϫ.$Ϫ).$ӧ($Ϭ.$ϭ).$ӧ($Ϯ.$ї));
?>

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Generating non-alpha PHP
• Generate letters and numbers required
• Assert == eval in PHP
• Use chr to generate require letters
• Convert every character into their charcode then use chr to generate and
assert to call

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 PHP Demo

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Thanks
• Yosuke Hasegawa ,Stefan Esser, Mario Heiderich, @Sirdarckcat,
@Lever_one, @thornmaker, @rvdh, @oxotnick, @SW, @theharmonyguy
and all my [Link] friends

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();
 Questions?

$=~[];$={___:++$,$$$$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$$:({}+"")[$],$$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$$:++$,$$$_:(!""+"")[
$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$$__:({}+"")[$],$$_:++$,$$$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$$
=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.
$;$.$$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$$$_+"\\
"+$.__$+$.$$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.__$+")"+"\"")())();