CUET 2024 Economics Mock 01

Q1. ‘A’ has a good that ‘B’ wants and ‘B’ has a good that ‘A’ wants. This is referred to as ________under
barter system of exchange.
(a) unit of account
(b) Double coincidence of want
(c) Store of value
(d) None of the above

Q2. At a given point in time, money multiplier is equal to 10. What will be the value of legal reserve
ratio?
(a) 10%
(b) 15%
(c) 20%
(d) 25%

Q3. Which of the following is not an assumption IC theory?

(i) Rational consumers
(ii) Monotonicity
(iii) There is no saving in the economy.
(iv) Consumption of commodity is continuous
Choose the option below
(a) Only (i)
(b) Only (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Q4. Which is not a type of Elasticity of Demand

(i) Perfectly elastic demand
(ii) Income elasticity
(iii) Unitary elastic demand
(iv) Cross elasticity
Choose the option below
(a) Only (i)
(b) Only (ii)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Q5. Intermediate goods are those goods

(a) Which have not yet crossed the boundary line of production
(b) Which are purchased by one firm form the other firm for resale
(c) Which are not included in the estimation of national product
(d) all of the above

Q6. The fiscal deficit is-

(a) Flow variable
(b) Stock variable
(c) The ratio of flow variable to a stock variable
(d) The ratio of stock variable to a flow variable

Q7. In the AD-AS module, the level of aggregate demand can influence the level of output.
(a) If any only if aggregate supply has a positive relationship with the price level.
(b) If any only if the price level is constant
(c) If any only if aggregate supply is not invariant with the changes in the price level.
(d) If any only if aggregate supply is invariant with the changes in the price level.

Q8. If the value of average propensity to consume is 0.8 and national income is ₹4000 corers, the value
of saving will be________
(a) ₹100 corers
(b) ₹200 corers
(c) ₹800 corers
(d) ₹500 corers

Q9. Which of the following measures of money supply includes demand deposits but excludes time
deposits?
(a) M1
(b) M2
(c) M3
(d) M4

Q10. Arrange them in order

(i) Fall in CRR
(ii) Deflation is controlled
(iii) Rise in money supply of the commercial banks
(iv) Fall in cash reserves for a given amount of demand deposits.

Choose the options below

(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(b) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
(c) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
(d) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

Q11. Identify the tax whose burden can be shifted

(a) GST
(b) Sales tax
(c) VAT
(d) all of the above

Q12. Dis-investment by the government refers to

(a) Selling of fixed capital assets by government
(b) Selling of share of PSUs
(c) Selling of plants of government
(d) Selling of buildings and shares of government

Q13. Operating surplus=

(a) Compensation of Employment + Rent + Interest + Profit
(b) Rent + Interest + Profit
(c) Compensation of Employment + Mixed Income of Self Employed
(d) Compensation of Employment + Rent + Interest + Profit + Mixed Income of Self Employed

Q14. See the figure and answer the following questions:

Describe the situation at Point C

(a) resources are fully used
(b) resources are underutilized
(c) resources are fully and efficiently used
(d) resources are overemployed

Q15. Which of the given statement is incorrect?

(a) GDPMP= GDPFC+NIT
(b) NNPMP= NNPFC
(c) GNPMP = GDPMP + NFIA
(d) NNPFC= National Income

Q16. Which of the following are components of capital account of BOP?

(a) Foreign direct investment
(b) Borrowing from IMF by the government
(c) Foreign exchange reserves
(d) all of the above

Q17. Choose the correct statement from given below.

(a) Balance of Trade is a component of capital account of Balance of Payments.
(b) Floating exchange rate is used to stabilize price of foreign currency.
(c) Increase in the supply of foreign rate leads to fall in its price.
(d) Rise in exchange rate leads to revaluation of currency.

Q18. Which is true about primary deposits?

(a) primary deposits indicate savings of the depositors with the banks.
(b) primary deposits are also called Derivative Deposits.
(c) primary deposits are not a part of total demand deposits of the banks.
(d) primary deposits indicate borrowings of the depositors from the banks

Q19. India entered in the stage of demographic transition after the year 1921.
(a) fourth
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) One

Q20. Which of the given statement is incorrect with regard to the demographic status of India on the
eve of independence?
(a) The first regular census year of British India was 1881.
(b) India entered the second stage of demographic trans it in post 1941.
(c) India’s literacy rate at the 2011 census was 74%.
(d) Infant Mortality rate startled at 218 per thousand live births.

Q21. Which particular trade policy India adopted during first-seven five-year plans?
(a) Inward looking trade policy
(b) Partially inward-looking trade policy
(c) Outward looking trade policy
(d) Partially outward looking trade policy

Q22. In which of these nations, economic activities are governed by socialistic principles?
(a) India and China
(b) China and Indonesia
(c) Cuba and Indonesia
(d) China and Cuba

Q23. The trade policy reforms introduce in 1991 aimed at

(a) Dismantling of quantitative restrictions on imports and exports
(b) Reduction of tariff rates
(c) Removal of licensing procedures for imports
(d) all of the above

Q24. The reason that has lead India as a major destination for global outsourcing is
(a) restrictions from the government
(b) availability of skilled and cheap labor
(c) availability of cheap labor with skill-gap
(d) availability of large number of consumer and capital goods industry

Q25. Find the matching pair of columns

Column I Column II
A. Green House (i) SO2
Gases
B. Acid rain (ii) By wind and flood
C. Salinity of soil (iii) CO2
D. Soil erosion (iv) Water logging

Choose the options below

(a) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
(b) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(iv)
(c) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(iii)
(d) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)

Q26. Which plan set a target of reduction in poverty ratio to 19.3 percent by 2007?
(a) Third plan
(b) Fourth plan
(c) Ninth Plan
(d) Tenth Plan

Q27. Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) Human capital and Human Development are the same thing
(b) Human capital treats human being as means
(c) Human capital is intangible whereas physical capital is tangible
(d) Physical capital cannot be sold in the market

Q28. Find the matching pair of columns

Column I Column II
A. Injections (i) Unemployment allowance
B. leakages (ii) government spendings
C. Transfer payments (iii) savings
D. Factor income (iv) interest

Choose the options below

(a) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
(b) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(iv)
(c) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(iii)
(d) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)

Q29. The consumption function describes the relationship between:

(a) Consumption and income
(b) Consumption and investment
(c) Consumption and savings
(d) Consumption and government spending

Q30. Which of the following cannot be categorized as productive borrowings?

(a) Loan taken by a famer for his daughter's marriage
(b) Loan taken for purchase of agriculture equipment and fertilizers
(c) Loan taken by a famer to purchase a tractor
(d) Loan taken by a student to pursue studies abroad

Q31. Which of the following correct formula of unemployment rate?

Total No.of unemployed
(a) Total Labor Force
×100
Total Labor Force
(b) Total No.of Unemployed×100
Total Labor Force
(c) Total No.of Employed×100
(d) None of the above
Q32. Which of the following correctly defines disguised unemployment?
(a) More no. of works are engaged in a particular work than required
(b) Marginal productivity of additional workers is close to zero
(c) Additional workers act as a hindrance towards the productivity of other workers implying dimension
returns
(d) all of the above

Q33. AYUSH is a part of Indian system medicine. It does not include

(a) Allopathic (Allopathy)
(b) Naturopathy
(c) Homeopathy
(d) Ayurveda

Q34. Which of the following is not a type of commercial energy?

(a) Firewood
(b) Natural gas
(c) Coal
(d) Electricity

Q35. If income rises by 20%, demand rises by 20% what is income elasticity of demand?
(a) unitary elastic
(b) relatively inelastic
(c) relatively elastic
(d) perfectly inelastic

Q36. Saving function is given as S = -12 + 0.4Y what is the value of multiplier is
(a) 2
(b) 2.5
(c) 4
(d) 1

Q37.which statement is true about Standard money

(a) Their face value is always equal to their intrinsic (metallic) value.
(b) Also known as Commodity money
(c) Standard money is also known as full-bodied money
(d) All of the above

Q38. Essential Indicators of Good Health are -

(a) high Incidence of Deadly Diseases
(b) high Infant Mortality Rate
(c) High Expectancy of Life
(d) high Maternal mortality rate

Q39. Which is not true about Spot market

(a) It allows 'hedging'
(b) the delivery is immediate or within a short time frame, usually two business days
(c) Examples of spot markets are commodity markets, stocks, and currency markets.
(d) It handles current transactions.

Q40. Which of the following poverty alleviation schemes was launched in the 11th Five-Year Plan?
(a) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
(b) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana (DDUY)
(c) National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)
(d) National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)

Read the passage and answer the following questions: (Q41 – Q45)
As a country develops, it undergoes ‘structural change’. In the case of India, the structural change is
peculiar. Usually, with development, the share of agriculture declines and the share of industry becomes
dominant. At higher levels of development, the service sector contributes more to the GDP than the
other two sectors. In India, the share of agriculture in the GDP was more than 50 per cent—as we would
expect for a poor country. But by 1990 the share of the service sector was 40.59 per cent, more than
that of agriculture or industry, like what we find in developed nations. This phenomenon of growing
share of the service sector was accelerated in the post 1991 period.

Q41. What is a common feature of structural change in many developing countries?

(a) Decreasing income inequality
(b) Increased urbanization
(c) Expansion of traditional agricultural practices
(d) Reduced government intervention in the economy

Q42. In India, what was the share of the service sector in GDP by 1990?
(a) Less than 10%
(b) Around 20%
(c) Approximately 40%
(d) Over 50%

Q43. The process of structural change is driven by:

(a) Government intervention only
(b) Market forces and government policies
(c) Market forces only
(d) Natural resource availability

Q44. Which sector is typically the first to grow rapidly during a country's industrialization phase?
(a) Service sector
(b) Agricultural sector
(c) Manufacturing sector
(d) Tourism sector

Q45. What sector usually dominates a country's GDP at higher levels of development?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Industry
(c) Service
(d) Manufacturing

Read the passage and answer the following questions: (Q46 – Q50)
Organically Produced Cotton in Maharashtra
In 1995, when Kisan Mehta of Prakruti (an NGO) first suggested that cotton, the biggest user of chemical
pesticides, could be grown organically, the then Director of the Central Institute for Cotton Research,
Nagpur, famously remarked, “Do you want India to go naked?” At present, as many as 130 farmers have
committed 1,200 hectares of land to grow cotton organically on the International Federation of Organic
Agriculture Movement’s standards. The produce was later tested by the German Accredited Agency,
AGRECO, and found to be of high quality. Kisan Mehta feels that about 78 per cent of Indian farmers are
marginal farmers owning about less than 0.8 hectare but accounting for 20 per cent of India’s cultivable
land. For such farmers, organic agriculture is more profitable in terms of money and soil conservation in
the long run.

Q46. Why does Kisan Mehta believe organic agriculture is more profitable for marginal farmers in the
long run?
(a) It requires less effort.
(b) It conserves soil.
(c) It yields higher profits.
(d) It is easier to implement.

Q47. What is the primary focus of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement?
(a) Promoting chemical pesticide use
(b) Growing cotton conventionally
(c) Setting organic farming standards
(d) Conducting soil research

Q48. Which agency tested the quality of organic cotton produced in Maharashtra?
(a) Central Institute for Cotton Research
(b) Indian Agricultural Research Institute
(c) German Accredited Agency, AGRECO
(d) Maharashtra Organic Farming Association

Q49. How much land do marginal farmers typically own in India, according to Kisan Mehta?
(a) Over 1 hectare
(b) Less than 0.8 hectare
(c) Exactly 0.8 hectare
(d) More than 2 hectares

Q50. What is the long-term benefit of organic agriculture, as mentioned in the passage?
(a) Higher immediate profits
(b) Reduction in the number of farmers
(c) Soil conservation
(d) Increased pesticide use
 SOLUTIONS:

S1. Ans. (b)

Sol. Double coincidence of wants is a situation in which two parties have goods that they are willing to
exchange for each other's goods. This is essential for a barter system to work, as it ensures that both
parties are getting something that they want in return for what they are giving up.
In the given question, ‘A’ has a good that ‘B’ wants and ‘B’ has a good that ‘A’ wants. This is a situation
of double coincidence of wants, and hence the correct answer is (b).

S2. Ans. (a)

Sol. The money multiplier is the ratio of the total amount of money in circulation to the amount of
reserves held by banks. It is calculated as follows:
1
Money multiplier =
Legal reserve ratio
1
So, if the money multiplier is 10, then the legal reserve ratio is 10 = 0.1, or 10%.
The other options are incorrect. 15%, 20%, and 25% are all higher than 10%, which would mean that the
money multiplier would be lower than 10.

S3. Ans. (d)

Sol. Option (iii), there is no saving in the economy, is not an assumption of IC theory.
Consumption of commodity is continuous: It is an assumptions of cardinal utility theory of demand.

S4. Ans. (c)

Sol. Unitary elastic demand and perfectly elastic demand these are measures of elasticity while income
elasticity and cross elasticity is types of elasticity.

S5. Ans. (d)

Sol. Option (a) is correct because intermediate goods have not yet crossed the boundary line of
production. They are still being used in the production process and have not yet become final goods.
Option (b) is also correct because intermediate goods are purchased by one firm from another firm for
resale. They are not consumed by the first firm, but are used to produce other goods that will be
consumed by the final consumers.
Option (c) is also correct because intermediate goods are not included in the estimation of national
product. National product is a measure of the total value of final goods and services produced in an
economy. Intermediate goods are not final goods, so they are not included in the calculation of national
product.
Therefore, the correct answer is (d). All of the above statements are correct about intermediate goods.

S6. Ans. (a)

Sol. Fiscal deficit is a flow variable. It is defined as the difference between government spending and
government revenue in a given period of time, usually a year. It is measured in units of currency per
year.

S7. Ans. (a)

Sol. if an increase in aggregate demand leads to an increase in the price level (which would be the case if
aggregate supply is positively related to the price level), then output can also increase.

S8. Ans. (c)

Sol. The average propensity to consume (APC) is the proportion of income that is consumed. It is
calculated as follows:
APC = Consumption / Income
In this case, the APC is 0.8, which means that 80% of the income is consumed.
The national income is ₹4000 crores. So, the consumption is:
Consumption = APC × Income = 0.8 × 4000 = ₹3200 crores
The savings is the income minus the consumption. So, the savings is:
Savings = Income - Consumption = 4000 - 3200 = ₹800 crores
Therefore, the value of savings is ₹800 crores.

S9. Ans. (a)

Sol. M1 is the narrowest measure of the money supply and includes currency in circulation plus demand
deposits. Demand deposits are deposits in commercial banks that can be withdrawn on demand without
prior notice. Time deposits, on the other hand, are deposits in commercial banks that cannot be
withdrawn until after a specified period of time.
M2, M3, and M4 are broader measures of the money supply that include time deposits in addition to
demand deposits and other liquid assets.

S10. Ans. (c)

Sol. The correct order is:
(i) Fall in CRR
(iv) Fall in cash reserves for a given amount of demand deposits.
(iii) Rise in money supply of the commercial banks
(ii) Deflation is controlled

S11. Ans. (d)

Sol. all of the taxes mentioned, GST, sales tax, and VAT, are indirect taxes whose burden can be shifted.

S12. Ans. (b)

Sol. Disinvestment is the process of selling the government's stake in public sector enterprises (PSEs).
This can be done by selling shares of the PSEs to the public or to private investors.

S13. Ans. (b)

Sol. Operating surplus includes various components such as rent, interest, and profit.

S14. Ans. (c)

Sol. Point C lies on the PPC curve, where resources are fully and efficiently used

S15. Ans. (b)

Sol. NNPMP and NNPFC are both measures of the total income earned by all the factors of production in
an economy in a given period of time. However, NNPMP is measured at market prices, while NNPFC is
measured at factor cost.
Market prices include indirect taxes, while factor cost does not.

S16. Ans. (d)

Sol. The capital account of the balance of payments (BOP) records all transactions related to the
ownership of assets and liabilities between residents and non-residents. So all options are correct.
S17. Ans. (c)
Sol. The statement "Increase in the supply of foreign rate leads to fall in its price" is correct. This is
because the price of a currency is determined by the demand and supply for that currency. When the
supply of a currency increases, the demand for that currency decreases, which leads to a fall in the price
of the currency.

S18. Ans. (a)

Sol. Primary deposits are the initial deposits that are made by the depositors with the banks. They are
also called cash deposits or cash reserve. They are not created by the banks but are actually received
from the depositors.

S19. Ans. (b)

Sol. India entered the second stage of demographic transition after the year 1921.

S20. Ans. (b)

Sol. India entered the second stage of demographic transition in post-1921, not post-1941.

S21. Ans. (a)

Sol. India adopted an inward-looking trade policy during the first seven five-year plans. This policy was
based on the principle of self-reliance. The government imposed high tariffs on imports to protect
domestic industries. It also restricted foreign investment

S22. Ans. (d)

Sol. Economic activities in China and Cuba are governed by socialist principles. These principles include
public ownership of the means of production, central planning, and a focus on social welfare.

S23. Ans. (d)

Sol. The trade policy reforms introduced in 1991 aimed at dismantling of quantitative restrictions on
imports and exports, reduction of tariff rates, and removal of licensing procedures for imports.

S24. Ans. (c)

Sol. The availability of cheap labor with skill gap is the main reason why India has become a major
destination for global outsourcing.

S25. Ans. (d)

Sol. The matching pair of columns is:
Column I Column II
A. Green House Gases (iii) CO2
B. Acid rain (i) SO2
C. Salinity of soil (iv) Water logging
D. Soil erosion (ii) By wind and flood

S26. Ans. (d)

Sol. The Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007) set a target of reducing the poverty ratio to 19.3 percent by
2007.

S27. Ans. (c)

Sol. the correct statement is (c). Human capital is intangible whereas physical capital is tangible.

S28. Ans. (b)

Sol. The correct matching is:
Column I Column II
A. Injections (ii) government spendings
B. leakages (iii) savings
C. Transfer payments (i) Unemployment allowance
D. Factor income (iv) interest

S29. Ans. (a)

Sol. It explains how changes in income influence an individual or household's consumption behavior,
helping to understand how much people tend to consume at different income levels.

S30. Ans. (a)

Sol. The loan taken by a farmer for his daughter's marriage cannot be categorized as productive
borrowings.
Productive borrowings: These are the borrowings that are used to generate income or wealth. They
include borrowings for investment purposes, such as the purchase of machinery, equipment, or land.
Unproductive borrowings: These are the borrowings that are not used to generate income or wealth.
They include borrowings for consumption purposes, such as the purchase of a car or a house.

S31. Ans. (a)

Sol. The formula for unemployment rate is:
Total number of unemployed
Unemployment rate = ×100
Total labor force
The labor force is the total number of people who are available for work and actively seeking work. The
unemployed are those who are available for work and actively seeking work, but are not currently
employed.
The unemployment rate is a measure of the proportion of the labor force that is unemployed. It is a
useful indicator of the health of the economy. A high unemployment rate suggests that the economy is
not doing well and that there are not enough jobs available for everyone who wants one.

S32. Ans. (d)

Sol. All of the statements (a), (b), and (c) correctly define disguised unemployment.
Disguised unemployment is a type of unemployment in which people are employed but they are not
actually contributing to output. This can happen in situations where there are more workers than
needed to do a job, or where the workers are not skilled enough to do the job effectively.

S33. Ans. (a)

Sol. The AYUSH system of medicine is a holistic system of medicine that includes Ayurveda, Yoga,
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. It does not include Allopathic (Allopathy).

S34. Ans. (a)

Sol. Commercial energy is energy that is bought and sold in the market. It is typically used for industrial,
commercial, and residential purposes.
Firewood is not a commercial energy. It is a traditional fuel that is used in rural areas. It is not bought
and sold in the market.
S35. Ans. (a)
Sol. Income elasticity of demand is a measure of how responsive demand is to changes in income. It is
calculated as the percentage change in demand divided by the percentage change in income.
In this case, the income rises by 20% and the demand rises by 20%. This means that the income elasticity
of demand is equal to 1.

S36. Ans. (b)

Sol. The saving function is given as S = -12 + 0.4Y. The marginal propensity to save (MPS) is 0.4, which
means that for every 1 unit increase in income, savings will increase by 0.4 units.
The multiplier is the ratio of the change in income to the change in investment. It is calculated as
1/(MPS). In this case, the multiplier is 1/ 0.4) = 2.5.

S37. Ans. (d)

Sol. All of the statements (a), (b), and (c) are true about standard money.
Standard money is a type of money whose face value is equal to its intrinsic value. It is also known as
commodity money or full-bodied money.
Commodity money is money that has intrinsic value, meaning that it has value in and of itself. Gold and
silver are examples of commodity money.
Full-bodied money is money that is made of a precious metal, such as gold or silver, and has a face value
that is equal to its weight in the precious metal.

S38. Ans. (c)

Sol. the essential indicators of good health are high life expectancy.

S39. Ans. (a)

Sol. Hedging is not a feature of the spot market. Hedging is a strategy used to reduce risk by taking an
offsetting position in a related market. For example, a farmer may sell their crops in the spot market to
lock in a price, even though they will not be harvested for several months. This is a hedging strategy
because it reduces the risk of the price of the crops falling before they are harvested.

S40. Ans. (d)

Sol. (d) National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), launched in June 2011the 11th Five-Year Plan, which
covers the period from 2007 to 2012.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)2015
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana (DDUY)2014
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) 2005

S41. Ans. (b)

Sol. Structural change is the shift of an economy from an agricultural-based economy to an industrial-
based economy. This shift is often accompanied by urbanization, as people move from rural areas to
urban areas in search of jobs.

S42. Ans. (c)

Sol. The share of the service sector in India's GDP in 1990 was approximately 40%. This has since
increased to over 50% in recent years.

S43. Ans. (b)

Sol. Structural change is driven by both market forces and government policies.
Market forces are the forces of supply and demand. They are the underlying factors that determine the
prices of goods and services. When the demand for a good or service increases, the price of that good or
service will also increase. This can lead to a shift in the economy towards the production of that good or
service.
Government policies can also influence the process of structural change. Government policies can be
used to encourage or discourage the production of certain goods and services. For example, a
government may provide subsidies to businesses that produce certain goods or services. This can make
it more profitable for businesses to produce those goods or services, which can lead to a shift in the
economy towards the production of those goods or services.

S44. Ans. (c)

Sol. The manufacturing sector is typically the first to grow rapidly during a country's industrialization
phase. This is because manufacturing is a capital-intensive sector, which means that it requires a lot of
investment in machinery and equipment.

S45. Ans. (c)

Sol. The service sector usually dominates a country's GDP at higher levels of development. This is
because the service sector provides a wide range of activities that are essential for a modern economy,
such as transportation, communication, finance, insurance, real estate, and government.

S46. Ans. (b)

Sol. Kisan Mehta believes that organic agriculture is more profitable for marginal farmers in the long run
because it conserves soil. Soil conservation is important for marginal farmers because they often have
small plots of land that are already degraded. Organic agriculture practices, such as crop rotation and
cover cropping, help to improve soil health and productivity.

S47. Ans. (c)

Sol. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) is a global federation of
organic agriculture organizations. Its primary focus is to set organic farming standards and promote the
adoption of organic agriculture around the world.
IFOAM was founded in 1972 and has over 800 member organizations in over 120 countries. It is the
leading international organization for organic agriculture.

S48. Ans. (c)

Sol. The German Accredited Agency, AGRECO, tested the quality of organic cotton produced in
Maharashtra. AGRECO is a leading organic certification body that operates in over 50 countries. It is
accredited by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM).

S49. Ans. (b)

Sol. According to Kisan Mehta, marginal farmers typically own less than 0.8 hectare of land in India. This
is based on the Agriculture Census 2015-16, which found that the average landholding size of marginal
farmers in India was 0.6 hectare.

S50. Ans. (c)

Sol. The long-term benefit of organic agriculture is soil conservation. This is because organic agriculture
practices, such as crop rotation and cover cropping, help to improve soil health and productivity.