5

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Kinds of Rocks
Science – Grade 5 SSES
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1 Kinds of Rocks

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
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these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rachelle V. Villamar
Editors: June C. Bernabe, PhD, Margarita M. Daluz, Carlos J. Pailas Jr.,
Christian Keith M. Ortiz, Naomi L. Caparas, Myra P. Gabinay
Reviewers: SDO Cabanatuan City
Illustrator: Rachelle V. Villamar
Layout Artist: Noel A. Villamar
Management Team: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III – Regional Director
Librada M. Rubio, PhD - CLMD Chief
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, PhD – Regional EPS in LRMS
Nestor P. Nuesca, PhD – Regionall ADM Coordinator
Priscilla D. Sanchez, PhD – CID Chief
Romeo R. Hipolito – EPSvr in Science
Ever M. Samson, PhD – EPSvr in LRMS
Name of Division ADM Coordinator
Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education–Region III–Schools
Division of Cabanatuan City

Office Address: Maharlika Highway, Bantug Bulalo, Cabanatuan City,

Philippines, 3100
Telefax: (044-463-7334
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 5

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Kinds of Rocks
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science Grade 5 SSES Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

module on the different Kinds of Rocks.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected
to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Science Grade 5 SSES Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

module on the different Kinds of Rocks.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the

What I Need to Know skills or competencies you are
expected to learn in the module.

This part includes an activity

that aims to check what you
already know about the lesson to
What I Know
take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to
skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to
help you link the current lesson
What’s In
with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson
will be introduced to you in various
What’s New ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief
discussion of the lesson. This aims
What is It
to help you discover and
understand new concepts and
skills.

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 This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify
What’s More
your understanding and skills of
the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the
module.

This includes questions or

blank sentence/paragraph to be
What I Have Learned
filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity
which will help you transfer your
What I Can Do
new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to
Assessment
evaluate your level of mastery in
achieving the learning competency.
In this portion, another activity
will be given to you to enrich your
Additional Activities
knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all

activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources

used in developing this module.

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 The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the skills in classifying different kinds of rocks based on how
they are formed. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is about:

Lesson 1 – Kinds of Rocks

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define rocks and minerals;
2. classify rocks according to how they are formed;
3. identify characteristics of rocks according to their kind; and
4. analyze the rock cycle and the process involved in the formation of
rocks.

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 What I Know

Match the statements in Column A with the terms in Column B. Write

the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. It is a naturally occurring solid that A. exclusive igneous rock

has a regular arrangement of particles B. extrusive igneous rock
in it.
C. granite
2. This kind of rock crystallizes below the
earth’s surface and the slow cooling D. igneous rock
that occurs there allows the large E. intrusive igneous rock
crystals to form.
F. marble
3. This kind of rock contains coarse
grained crystals that cannot be G. metamorphic rock
scratched, and may either be light or H. mineral
dark-colored.
I. rock
4. This rock is formed underwater and is
from limestone with iron. J. sedimentary rock
5. This kind of rock contains one kind of
K. shale
mineral which can be scratched by a
knife blade, and also contains dark
and light bands which are usually
crystals.
6. It is a semi-grained rock which can be
scratched by a knife blade but it does
not contain dark or light bands.
7. It is a very hard rock that is made of
quartz, feldspar, and mica and is often
light red, yellow or brown in color.
8. This kind of igneous rock erupts onto
the surface, where they cool rapidly to
form small crystals.
9. It is a naturally occurring solid
mixture of one or more minerals.
10. When limestone is heated, it turns
into this rock which is harder than
limestone and has colors that depend
on its environment.
11.
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 Lesson

1 Kinds of Rocks

The earth is a rock factory. It has been making rocks for thousands of
millions of years.

Our world makes three different kinds of rocks. One kind is made from
molten rocks in the earth’s mantle. Another kind of rock is made out of tiny
fragments of rocks. The third kind of rock is made when rocks inside the crust
are heated, or covered in layers of other rocks.

What’s In

An ordinary magnet pulls or attracts anything made of iron or steel

towards itself. The only way to make it let go is to pull it off. A lodestone is a
naturally magnetized piece of mineral rock (Villegas, 2009). But you cannot
turn off its magnetic capability. There is, however, a type of magnet that can
be turned on and off. This is called an electromagnet.

Which of the following pieces will stick to the electromagnet? Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. An electromagnet is only a 2. If an electromagnet is composed

magnet when it has electricity of a coil of wire and a piece of iron,
running through it. which would be the core?

3. Which electrical appliance at 4. Which metal is most suitable to

home would be using an be used in an electromagnet
electromagnet? because it is less expensive?

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5. Decreasing the number of turns
of a wire coil in a piece of iron will
increase the amount of electron
flow, and make the magnet
stronger.

What’s New

I spy with my little eyes, a rock band with kid members! However, there
seems to be ten words hiding among them. Can you find which words are
hidden in this cool kids’ rock band? Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

=‘

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 What is It

In the kids’ rock band on the other page, words such as igneous,
sedimentary and metamorphic can be seen hiding among the clothes and
instruments of the band members. These words are three different kinds of
rocks.

Rocks are naturally occurring solid mixtures of one or more minerals.

Minerals are naturally occurring solids that have a regular arrangement of
particles in it, and are usually found in rocks (Villegas, 2009).

If you look at the rocks by the roadside, you may find that each is
different from the other. Rocks are formed in three different ways.

Some rocks form from molten rocks inside the earth’s surface. These
molten rocks are called magma. When rocks are formed this way, we call
these as igneous rocks (Baker, 2010).

Sometimes, when magma is still inside the earth, rocks crystallize and
the slow cooling that occurs allow large crystals to form. We call these as
intrusive igneous rocks. Some examples of intrusive igneous rocks are
diorite, gabbro, granite, pegmatite and peridotite (Livara, 2017).

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Granite is made from Gabbro is formed from the

quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is slow cooling of magnesium-rich and
light red, yellow or brown in color. iron-rich magma.
At other times, magma seeps out of the earth’s surface, like during a
volcanic eruption, and then cools down as lava. Rocks formed this way cool
quickly and form small crystals that almost looks glassy. When this happens,
extrusive igneous rocks are formed. These rocks include andesite, basalt,
dacite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria and tuff (Livara, 2017).

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 Extrusive Igneous Rocks

.3

+698*/

Obsidian is made Pumice is

Basalt is made
from very fast-cooling produced when lava
from very fast-cooling
with a very high content
lava, usually dark in lava, and usually looks
of water and gases is
color with fine grains. like black glass.
discharged from a
volcano.
Wind and rain wear off bits of rocks from mountainsides. Rivers carry
these pieces of rocks to the sea. There they sink to the bottom and make a
layer called a sediment. Over thousands of years, layer upon layer of
sediments are cemented, compacted and squeezed, harder and harder by the
weight of the new layers. Slowly, the layers turned into hard rock. This kind
of rock is called sedimentary rock. Fossils can be found among its many
layers. Examples of sedimentary rocks include shale, sandstone, chert,
conglomerate, chalk and limestone (Livara, 2017).
Sedimentary Rocks

Conglomerate is made Sandstone is composed of

from a compacted and cemented sand-size grains and a cementing
mixture of smooth, round stones, material such as mud or clay.
often with gray or black hues.

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 Sometimes, an igneous rock and a sedimentary rock can be changed
into a third kind of rock called a metamorphic rock. Great heat inside the
earth can change a rock’s minerals into other minerals. Pressure can also
change the minerals in rocks. Marble, gneiss, serpentine, quartzite, slate and
schist belong to this third kind of rock (Livara, 2017).

Metamorphic Rocks

Slate is a fine- Gneiss has a Schist is a

grained, clayey rock banded or foliated coarse-grained rock
that cleaves, or splits, structure, typically consisting of layers of
readily into thin slabs coarse-grained and different minerals and
with tensile strength consists mainly of can be split into thin,
and durability. feldspar, quartz and irregular plates.
mica.
All the rocks we see were made a long, long time ago. The oldest rocks
ever found on earth are more than 3,000 million years old. But it hasn’t
finished making rocks – it’s making them right now (Villegas, 2009). Rocks
are constantly formed and destroyed. An igneous rock that you hold today
might become a metamorphic rock, thousands of years later (Villegas, 2009).

The rock cycle tells the changes that rocks may undergo. The
formation of rocks started when molten lava cools and hardens into igneous
rocks and then acted upon by weathering and erosion, forming the
sedimentary rocks. If the sedimentary rocks are buried beneath other
sediments they may be transformed into metamorphic rocks. It happens
because of cementation and compacting. These rocks are then subjected to
heat and pressure and thus melt into magma. This magma may solidify into
igneous rocks to complete the rock cycle (Villegas, 2009).

Sometimes, igneous rocks undergo heat and pressure and turn into
metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks may also undergo weathering and
erosion and end up under layers of sediments, and then turn into sedimentary
rocks, such as slate into shale (Livara, 2017). The process of change from one
form of rock to another may take thousands of years (Baker, 2010).

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 Take a look at this rock cycle to give you a more comprehensive idea on
the rock cycle.

The Rock Cycle

Igneous
cooling
Rock
weathering
melting
heat & erosion
and
magma
pressure sediment
melting
melting
cementation &
weathering
compacting
& erosion

Metamorphic Sedimentary
Rock Rock

Heat and pressure

This rock cycle shows the changes that rocks may undergo. Igneous
rocks are worn by weathering and erosion. These igneous rocks become
deposited in riverbanks as sediments. Over the years, these sediments get
cemented and compacted, forming sedimentary rocks. Then these
sedimentary rocks undergo heat and pressure, turn into metamorphic rocks.
Weathering and erosion also deposits sedimentary rocks into other places
where melting occurs, turning them into magma, which then later becomes
igneous rocks.

Metamorphic rocks, on the other hand undergo melting to become

magma, and depending on where the melted magma cools down, they become
either intrusive or extrusive igneous rocks. These igneous rocks could also
undergo heat and pressure and turn metamorphic rocks. The cycle goes on
and on, and it takes thousands of years for each change to occur.

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 What’s More

Activity 1. Fill in the table with the missing details. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Name of Rock Kind of Rock Characteristics

made from very fast-
extrusive igneous rock cooling lava, usually
1. dark in color with fine
grains

made from a
compacted and
2. conglomerate cemented mixture of
smooth, round stones,
often with gray or black
hues

3. gabbro intrusive igneous rock

has a banded or
foliated structure,
4. metamorphic rock typically coarse-grained
and consists mainly of
feldspar, quartz and
mica

5. granite intrusive igneous rock

made from very fast-

6. obsidian cooling lava, and
usually looks like black
glass
produced when lava
with a very high
7. extrusive igneous rock content of water and

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 gases is discharged
from a volcano

8. sandstone sedimentary rock

coarse-grained rock
consisting of layers of
9. metamorphic rock different minerals and
can be split into thin,
irregular plates
fine-grained, clayey
rock that cleaves, or
10. slate splits, readily into thin
slabs with tensile
strength and durability

Activity 2. Copy the table below. Use the information found in each
rock to check the characteristics that apply to each rock. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
granite
slate marble
sandstone
- has lots of - can be - strong
- crumbles
layers polished - can be
easily
- hardwearing - very strong carved
- lets water
- good for roof through - waterproof - non-absorbent
tiles
- decorative

slate sandstone marble granite

soft
hard
permeable
non-
permeable
can be used
as ornaments

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 Activity 3. Based on the previous discussion of the rock cycle, complete
the diagram below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 2.

4.
3.

6. 5.
7.

8.

10.
9.

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct words. Choose the correct answers
inside the box. Be sure to capitalize answers that begin a sentence. Use a
separate sheet of paper in writing your answers.

extrusive igneous minerals

intrusive igneous rocks
metamorphic sedimentary

Rocks are made up of one or more (1) _____, which are naturally
occurring solids that have a regular arrangement of particles in it.
The earth makes different kinds of rocks. One kind of rock is formed
when magma inside the earth cools slowly and becomes solid. This is called

17
 _____ rocks. (3) _____ rocks are formed when lava cools quickly in the earth’s
(2)

surface.
(4)_____ rocks are made out of tiny fragments of rocks. The third kind
of rock is made when rocks inside the earth are heated or are squeezed with
pressure. These are called as (5) _____ rocks.

What I Can Do

Title: Colorful Rock Cycle

Caution: This activity requires you to handle hot items. Extreme

caution should be practiced and ask for the assistance of your parents or
guardians.

Problem: How are rocks formed?

What You Need:

aluminum foil pestle (or large stone) stove

crayons plastic cup tin can

hot water shallow pan (2)

ice cubes sharpener

What You Need to Do:

1. Shave the wax crayons using a sharpener. Use three different colors.
2. Put the shaved crayons in a small plastic cup.
3. Use a large stone or a pestle to compress the shaved crayons in the
cup. Add a leaf then put in more shaved crayons and continue to
compress the materials together.
4. Take out your compressed crayon shavings. Break it apart. Observe
what happened to the leaf you put among the crayon shavings.
5. Put the broken down crayon shavings in an aluminum foil and roll
it into a small ball. Using your palms, apply a light pressure on the
aluminum foil containing the crayon shavings.
6. Put the crayon shavings from the aluminum foil into a tin can. Put
the tin can into a stove and turn it on. Ask your parent or guardian
for help in turning on the stove. Melt the crayon shavings.
7. Once the crayon shavings had melted, pour half of it on the ice
cubes in a shallow pan. Observe what happens.
8. Pour the other half of the molten crayon shavings on hot water in a
shallow pan. Observe what happens.

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 What Have You Found Out:

Analyze each question very well. Use complete sentences when

answering. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If the wax crayons represent the earth, what would shaving it mean
in the rock cycle?
2. When you place the crayon shavings into the plastic cup, what does
it represent in the rock cycle?
3. When a leaf was put into the plastic cup, what does it represent?
4. What kind of rock is represented to have been formed when the
crayon shaving is compressed?
5. When you put the crayon shavings into the aluminum foil and
applied light pressure on it, what kind of rock is represented to have
been formed?
6. When the crayon shavings were put into the tin can and the stove
was turned on, what does it represent in the rock cycle?
7. When the molten crayons were poured into the hot water and the ice
cubes, what does it represent in the rock cycle?
8. When the molten crayons were poured into the hot water, what kind
of rock does it represent to have formed?
9. When the molten crayons were poured into the ice cubes, what does
it represent in the rock cycle?
10. How are rocks formed?

Assessment

Analyze each test question. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In Kennon Road, Baguio City,

there is a huge lion’s head
statue carved out of limestone.
What kind of rock is limestone?
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. intrusive igneous rock
C. metamorphic rock
D. sedimentary rock

2. What characteristic is common among extrusive igneous rocks?

A. crystals C. glassy surface
B. fossils D. ribbon-like layers

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3. What is the term for the interrelationship of how the three
kinds of rocks are formed?
A. rock cycle C. rock helix
B. rock formation D. rock metamorphosis

4. Which processes in the rock cycle could turn magma into

granite, granite into sand, and sand into sandstone?
A. melting; heat and pressure; cooling
B. weathering and erosion; compacting and cementing; cooling
C. cooling; weathering and erosion; compacting and cementing
D. weathering and erosion; compacting and cementing; heat and
pressure

5. What do you call rocks that have been altered by heat and pressure
beneath the earth’s surface?
A. extrusive igneous rocks C. metamorphic rocks
B. intrusive igneous rocks D. sedimentary rocks

6. What characteristic is found in sedimentary rocks?

A. crystals C. gas bubbles
B. fossils D. glassy surface

7. When magma crystallizes and forms big crystals while still inside the
earth, what type of rock is formed?
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. intrusive igneous rock
C. metamorphic rock
D. sedimentary rock

8. Which rock cycle processes are involved in the formation of igneous

rocks?
A. compacting and cementing
B. heat and pressure
C. melting and cooling
D. weathering and erosion

9. Which of the following processes of the rock cycle can change granite,
(igneous rock), into gneiss (metamorphic rock)?
A. compacting and cementing C. melting and cooling
B. heat and pressure D. weathering and erosion

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 10. ‘Kaganapan’, a statue by national artist Napoleon Abueva
is a sculpture created in marble in 1952. What kind of rock
is marble?
A. extrusive igneous rock C. metamorphic rock
B. intrusive igneous rock D. sedimentary rock

Additional Activities

Activity 1. You are now ready to be a rock

detective! Come out of the house and search with your
guardian around your backyard, we shall have a rock
scavenger hunt. Remember to wear your gloves and
face masks should you collect outside your house. Here
is a list of the rocks that you will have to look for around
your house.

- a shiny rock - a bumpy rock

- a rock with crystals - a rock with two colors
- a rock with many holes - a rock with three colors
- a rock that is shaped like any animal
- a rock that looks like a letter of the
alphabet

Activity 2. Now that you have collected

all the rocks in your list, it is time to make a
picture collection. You may take a photo or draw
your collection. You may color your collection
and be as creative as you can be with your
album.
a
4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point

Content Completed the One of the 8 Two of the 8 Three of the 8

8 rocks in Act. rocks are rocks are rocks are
1 missing. missing. missing.

Creativity Photos/ Photos/ Photos/ Photos/

drawings are drawings are drawings are drawings are
colored and not colored but not colored and not colored
with proper with proper some labels are and are not
incorrect.
label. labels. labelled.

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 22
What’s More What I Have Learned What I Can Do (cont.)
Act. 2 1. minerals put into the tin can and the
2. intrusive igneous stove was turned on, it
3. Extrusive igneous represented the melting of rocks.
7. When the melted crayons
4. sedimentary were poured into the hot water
5. Metamorphic and ice cubes, it represented the
cooling of rocks.
What I Can Do 8. Intrusive igneous rocks were
1. The shaving of the crayons represented to be formed this
represents weathering. way.
Act. 3 2. When crayon shavings were 9. Extrusive igneous rocks were
put into the cup, it represented represented to be formed this
erosion. way.
3. The leaf represents the 10. Rocks are formed by melting
formation of fossils. and cooling, weathering and
4. When crayon shavings were erosion, sedimentation, and heat
compressed, it represented the and pressure.
formation of sedimentary rocks. Assessment
5. When the crayons were put in 1. D 6. B
the aluminum foil and light 2. C 7. B
pressure was placed, it 3. A 8. C
represented the formation of 4. C 9. B
metamorphic rocks through 5. C 10. C
heat and pressure.
6. When crayon shaving were
put
What I Know What's New What’s More
igneous, metamorphic,
1. H Act. 1. 1. basalt
sedimentary, shale, chalk,
2. E 2. sedimentary rock
pumice, granite, marble, 3. formed from the slow cooling
3. D
rocks, gneiss of magnesium-rich and iron-rich
4. K
5. G magma
6. J 4. gneiss
7. C 5. made from quartz, feldspar,
8. B and mica. It is light red, yellow
9. I or brown in color
10. F 6. extrusive igneous rock
7. pumice
8. composed of sand-size grains
What’s In and a cementing material such
as mud or clay
1. true 9. schist
2. piece of iron 10. metamorphic rock
3. electric bell
4. copper
5. false
Answer Key
References
Baker, S., 2010. My First Encyclopedia: Our Planet. London, England: Macdonald & Co. Publishing Ltd.,
pages 22-23

Fetzer, S., 1988. Childcraft: Our World. Kent, United Kingdom: World Book, Inc., pages 38-39, 150-153

Livara, I.F., et. al. 2017. Science in Focus. Bulacan, Philippines: Kleafs Publishing, Inc., pages 240-265

Villegas, J.A., 2009. Science and Health 5: Work Text. Antipolo City, Philippines: Academe Publishing
House, Inc., pages 220-227

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]

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