DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPY INSTRUMENTS
RIGID LARYNGOSCOPE
Q. No. 1: Identify the instrument.
Ans: It is Rigid Laryngoscope
Q. No. 2: What is the use of this instrument?
Ans: This instrument is used to perform Rigid Laryngoscopy
Q. No. 3: What is Rigid Laryngoscopy?
Ans: It is a procedure to visualize the internal structures of larynx with the help of Rigid
Laryngoscope under general anesthesia.
It has two major indications
A) Therapeutic B) Diagnostic
A) Therapeutic Laryngoscopy is done with objective to cure the disease in larynx like removing
foreign body, removing any tumor, polyp or nodules.
B) Diagnostic Laryngoscopy is done with purpose to evaluate the complain of patient or
diagnose the disease like; to take biopsy, to visualize the interior of larynx or to visualize the
vocal cords etc
Q. No. 4: What are the complications of Rigid laryngoscopy?
Ans: Per operative complications include damage or injury to Lips, teeth, soft palate, epiglottis,
vocal cords etc. Injury to cervical spice may also occur due to abnormal extension of neck.
RIGID ESOPHAGOSCOPE
Q. No. 1: Identify the instrument.
Ans: It is Rigid Esophagoscope
Q. No. 2: What is the use of this instrument?
Ans: This instrument is used to perform Rigid Esophagoscopy
Q. No. 3: What is Rigid Esophagoscopy?
Ans: It is a procedure in which Rigid Esophagoscope is passed in Esophagus under general
anesthesia.
There are 2 main indications of esophagoscopy
A) Diagnostic B) Therapeutic
Q. No. 4: Why are there markings on esophagoscope?
Ans: There are numbers on esophagoscope, these are from 1 to 40 in an adult esophagoscope
These marking helps us to know how deep esophagoscope is passed and also it lets us know if
we encounter normal constrictions in esophagus. There are 4 normal physiological constrictions
we come across during esophagoscopy.
1. At 15cm: this is because of upper esophageal sphincter
2. At 26 cm: This is because of left main bronchus that crossed the esophagus externally
3. At 28 cm: This constriction is because of arch of aorta that lies just adjacent to esophagus at
that level.
4. At 40cm: This constriction is because of lower esophageal sphincter
Q. No. 5: what are the complications of esophagoscopy?
Ans: Per operative complications include injury to lips, tongue, soft palate, epiglottis, arytenoids
and injury to walls of esophagus. There may be esophageal perforation
Post-operative complications include stricture formation, adhesions, esophagitis etc.
RIGID BRONCHOSCOPE
MOLLISON SELF-RETAINING MASTOID RETRACTOR
Q. Name the instrument
A: Mollison self-retaining Mastoid Retractor
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
Ans: This instrument is used to retract the soft tissues over mastoid bone during mastoid
surgery
Q. What are different type of mastoid surgeries?
A. Mastoid surgeries are divided into
1. Canal wall up surgeries
2. Canal wall down surgeries
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
A. this instrument can cause damage to skin over mastoid bone. It can also cause bleeding from
vessels over mastoid bone
FARABEUF PERIOSTEAL ELEVATOR
Q. Name the instrument
A. Farabeuf periosteal elevator
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
A. This instrument is used to elevate the mucosa over mastoid bone during mastoid surgery
Q. What are the complications of this instrument?
A. This instrument may damage the muscles or skin. It can also cause bleeding.
KILLIAN NASAL LONG BLADDED SPECULUM
Q. No. 2: What is the use of this instrument?
They are used to visualize the nasal cavity during nasal surgeries e.g. SMR, Septoplasty. Nasal
polypectomy
Q. What are complications of this instrument?
1. Injury to nasal septum
2. Injury to turbinates
3. Injury to cribriform plate
LUC ‘S FORCEPS
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. SMR or septoplasty for removal of cartilage and bone
2. Polypectomy and Caldwell luc operation
3. Biopsy from oral cavity and oropharynx
4. Turbinectomy
Q. What are complications of this instrument?
1. Bleeding
2. Septal perforation
3. Injury to turbinates
STEEL BONE MALLETS HAMMER AND GOUGE
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
This instrument is used to remove spur during SMR or Septoplasty. This instrument is
also used to make hole in anterior wall of maxillary sinus during Caldwell luc surgery
Q. What are complications of this instrument?
1. Trauma to dental roots
2. Septum perforation
3. Hard palate perforation
4. Perforation of posterior wall of maxillary sinus
KNIFE SCALPEL
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. Use for incision of mucosa, papilloma cyst, mucocele
2. Use for SMR/ Septoplasty incision
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
1. Excessive incision may cause trauma, bleeding, rupture of mucosa
2. Cut the structure of nasal cavity and oral cavity
FREER DOUBLE END MUCOPERICHONDRIAL
Q. No. 2: What is the use of this instrument?
1. To elevate mucoperichondrial and periosteal flap in septal surgery
2. For displacement of inferior turbinate in antrostomy operation
3. For elevating canal skin and cartilage perichondrium in mastoid surgery
4. For elevation of mucosa in Caldwell luc operation
5. To spread and tease Temporalis fascia graft
6. To perform uncinectomy
Q. What are complications of this instrument?
A. It can cause trauma to mucosa and tearing of mucoperichondrial flap
THUDICUM NASAL SPECULUM:
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
A. Anterior rhinoscopy
Q. What are complications of this instrument?
A. It can injury the skin of nasal vestibule and anterior collumellar septum
HEYMANN TURBINECTOMY SCISSOR
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. Partial or total turbinectomy
2. Can be use to cut the cartilage in septal cartilage
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
A. It can cause excessive removal of turbinate or septum. Mucosa of nasal septum can also be
cut with this scissors.
TILLEYS NASAL DRESSING FORCEPS
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. To perform anterior nasal packing
2. To remove foreign bodies, crusts or pack from the nose
3. To pack the nose with gauze strips during nasal surgery or sinus surgery
4. To remove cartilage and bone pieces during septoplasty and SMR
BOYLES DAVIS MOUTH GAG:
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. Use to visualize the oropharynx
2. Mostly used during the procedure of tonsillectomy
3. used on the procedure of adenoidectomy
4. Used on the procedure of Antrochoanal polyp.
5. Used on the procedure of nasopharynx growth
Q. What are complications of this instrument?
1. Excessive opening May cause T.M.J dislocation
2. Lips injury
3. Teeth injury
4. Gums Injury.
5. Accidental dislodgement of tracheal tube
DRAFFIN STAND / TONSILLAR ROD MAGAURAN PLATE
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. During the procedure of tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, Ac polyp, Nasopharyngeal
Growth
2. Use to form the tripod Stand
Q. Which structures form tripod stand?
A. Draffin bipod stand and magauran plate.
DENIS BROWN TONSIL FORCEPS / TONSIL HOLDING FORCEPS
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. Use to grasp the tonsil during tonsillectomy
2. It is also useful instrument for extracting foreign bodies from pharynx or oesophagus
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
1. Excessive grasp can damage/ rupture the tonsillar tissue
2. Excessive grasp can cause bleeding from the tonsil
MOLLISON ANTERIOR PILLAR RETRACTOR
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. Use for blunt dissection of tonsils by its blunt end
2. Use to retract the anterior pillar
3. Use to visualize the bleeder in tonsillar fossa
4. Use to retract the soft palate and uvula
Q. What are complications of this instrument?
1. It can damage the bed of tonsils
2. Cause excessive bleeding
3. Perforation to bed of tonsils
SAINT CLAIR THOMSON ADENIOD CURRETTE
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
Used in adenoidectomy
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
1. Torticollis
2. Nasopharyngeal stenosis
3. Eustachian tube injury
4. Mandibular condyle fracture
ADSON HEMOSTATIC/ STRAIGHT TONSILAR ARTERY FORCEPS
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. Use to cauterization of bleeders
2. Uses in tonsillectomy operation
3. Use to ligate the arteries
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
Burning of mucosa lips tongue uvula
NEGUS CURVED TONSILAR ARTERY FORCEPS
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
1. Use to cauterization of bleeders
2. Uses in tonsillectomy operation
3. Use to ligate the artery
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
Burning of mucosa lips tongue uvula
TONSILLAR SCISSORS
Q. What is the use of this instrument?
Use to cut the tonsillar tissue
Q. What are complication of this instrument?
1. It can cut the tonsil and cause the bleeding
2. It can cut the tonsillar bed and cause the bleeding
3. It can cut the posterior pharyngeal wall and cause the perforation
4. It can cut the uvula
