Features Descriptio: LTC4052-4.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Pulse Charger With Overcurrent Protection
Features Descriptio: LTC4052-4.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Pulse Charger With Overcurrent Protection
2
Lithium-Ion Battery
Pulse Charger with
Overcurrent Protection
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FEATURES DESCRIPTIO
■ Very Low Power Dissipation: 350mW at 1A The LTC®4052 is a complete standalone pulse charger
■ Complete Standalone Pulse Charger for 1-Cell with integrated MOSFET for 1-cell lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium-Ion Batteries An external sense resistor provides overcurrent limiting as
■ Requires No Microcontroller, MOSFET or a safety precaution against a user connecting a wall
Blocking Diode adapter with the incorrect or no current limit. The internal
■ Sense Resistor Limits Maximum Current for Safety MOSFET prevents reverse battery current from flowing if
■ Programmable Charge Termination Timer for the input voltage is shorted to ground, eliminating the
Maximum Capacity Charging need for a blocking diode.
■ ±1% Float Voltage Accuracy
■ Near End-of-Charge (C/10) Detection Output As the battery accepts charge and approaches the
■ AC Wall Adapter Present Output programmed float voltage, the internal MOSFET begins
■ Low Battery Drain when Input Supply Is Removed switching off and on with the duty cycle gradually decreas-
■ Automatic Trickle Charge for Low Battery ing as the battery approaches a fully charged condition.
■ Automatic Battery Refresh A programmable timer terminates the charge cycle. The
■ Thermal Shutdown Protection near end-of-charge C/10 condition is indicated at the
■ Tiny Thermally Enhanced MSOP Package CHRG pin when the average charge current falls to one-
U tenth of the wall adapter current. Removing the input
APPLICATIO S voltage puts the LTC4052 into a sleep mode, dropping the
battery current drain to less than 1µA.
■ Handheld Computers
■ Cellular Telephones The LTC4052 is available in a tiny 8-pin thermally
■ Cradle Chargers enhanced MSOP package.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Single Cell 4.2V, 1A, Standalone Li-Ion Battery Charger LTC4052 Charge Profile
VIN = 4.5V TO 10V 4.5
WITH 1A
CURRENT LIMIT 3 4.0
VOLTAGE (V)
4.7Ω
BATTERY
1.0
6
CHARGE
CHRG 0.022µF
AC PRESENT 0.5
2 1
ACPR SENSE 0
C/10
8
BAT
CHRG (V)
1-CELL 4.2V 5
TIMER GND Li-Ion
5 4 BATTERY 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
CTIMER
0.1µF TIME (HOURS)
4052 TA01 4052 • TA01b
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LTC4052-4.2
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ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
(Note 1)
Input Supply Voltage (VIN)....................................... 12V ORDER PART
BAT Voltage ...............................................– 0.3V to 12V TOP VIEW NUMBER
SENSE 1 8 BAT
GATE (Note 2) .............................................– 0.3V to 8V ACPR 2 7 GATE LTC4052EMS8E-4.2
SENSE, TIMER .................................. – 0.3V to VIN +0.3V VIN 3 6 CHRG
GND 4 5 TIMER
CHRG, ACPR .............................................– 0.3V to 12V
MSE EXPOSED PAD PACKAGE
SENSE, BAT Peak Current ...................................... 1.5A 8-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP MS8 PART MARKING
Operating Temperature Range (Note 3) .. – 40°C to 85°C TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 35°C/W
EXPOSED PAD IS GROUND. LTYY
Junction Temperature (Note 4) ............................. 125°C (MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB).
Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = 6V unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VIN Input Supply Voltage Wall Adapter Open Circuit Voltage ● 4.5 10 V
IIN Input Quiescent Supply Current Full Charge Mode ● 0.7 1.4 mA
VBAT Battery Float Voltage 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C 4.158 4.200 4.242 V
● 4.137 4.200 4.242 V
VRECHRG Recharge Battery Voltage Threshold Battery Voltage Falling 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C 3.990 4.050 4.110 V
● 3.969 4.050 4.110 V
VMARGIN VBAT – VRECHRG Margin ● 75 150 225 mV
VIMAX Overcurrent Trip Sense Voltage ● 90 105 120 mV
ITRICKLE Trickle Charge Current VBAT = 2V ● 14 24 34 mA
VTRICKLE Trickle Charge Threshold Voltage VBAT Rising ● 2.35 2.45 2.55 V
RDS(ON) Internal Switch On-Resistance VBAT = 2.6V 0.45 0.7 Ω
VBAT = 4V 0.35 0.5 Ω
VGATE GATE Pin Voltage VBAT = 2.6V 6.5 V
VBAT = 4V 10.5 V
TTIMER TIMER Period Accuracy CTIMER = 0.1µF, Full Charge Mode ±10 %
ILEAK Battery Leakage Current Through Charger VBAT = 4V, VIN = 0V ● 1 µA
VSLEEP Sleep Threshold Voltage (VIN – VBAT) Low to High 20 45 70 mV
(VIN – VBAT) High to Low 0 15 mV
VACPR ACPR Pin Output Low Voltage IACPR = 3mA ● 0.5 0.8 V
I LEAKACPR ACPR Pin Leakage Current VIN = 0, VACPR = 6V ● 1 µA
VCHRG CHRG Pin Output Low Voltage ICHRG = 3mA, Charging, C/10 Not Reached ● 0.5 0.8 V
I LEAKCHRG CHRG Pin Leakage Current VIN = 0, VCHRG = 6V ● 1 µA
ICHRG CHRG Pin Weak Pull-Down Current VCHRG = 1V, Charging, C/10 Reached 20 40 70 µA
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LTC4052-4.2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life Note 4: Junction temperature TJ is calculated from the ambient
of a device may be impaired. temperature TA and power dissipation PD according to the following
Note 2: Absolute Maximum Rating for GATE pin applies only to externally formula: TJ = TA + (PD • θJA°C/W)
applied voltage. During normal operation the LTC4052-4.2’s internal Note 5. This IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended to
charge pump can generate GATE pin voltage exceeding absolute protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction
maximum but it is internally current limited. temperature will exceed 125°C when overtemperature protection is active.
Note 3: The LTC4052EMS8E-4.2 is guaranteed to meet performance Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction
specifications from 0°C to 70°C. Specifications over the – 40°C to 85°C temperature may impair device reliability.
operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and
correlation with statistical process controls.
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Trickle Charge Threshold Voltage Trickle Charge Current Trickle Charge Current vs Input
vs Temperature vs Temperature Supply Voltage
2.47 24.2 35
VBAT = 2V
24.0 TA = 25°C
2.46
23.8 30
ITRICKLE (mA)
ITRICKLE (mA)
23.6
VTRICKLE (V)
2.45
23.4 25
2.44
23.2
23.0 20
2.43
22.8
2.42 22.6 15
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 5 6 7 8 9 10
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) VIN (V)
4052 G01 4052 G02 4052 G03
Normalized Timer Duration Battery Float Voltage CHRG Pin C/10 Pulldown Current
vs Temperature vs Temperature vs Temperature
103 4.205 55
CTIMER= 0.1µF
4.200 50
102
4.195
45
101
TTIMER (%)
ICHRG (µA)
4.190
VBAT (V)
40
4.185
100
35
4.180
99
4.175 30
98 4.170 25
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
4052 G04 4052 G05 4052 G06
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LTC4052-4.2
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Switch On-Resistance vs
Overcurrent Sense Voltage Temperature
105.8 650
600
105.6
550
105.4
RDS(ON) (mΩ)
500
VIMAX (mV)
VBAT = 2.6V
105.2 450
VBAT = 4V
400
105.0
350
104.8
300
104.6 250
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
4053 G07 4053 G08
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PI FU CTIO S
SENSE (Pin 1): Overcurrent Sense Input. A sense resistor ON time, minimum OFF time and the overcurrent time-out
(RSENSE) should be connected from VIN to the SENSE pin period all scale with tTIMER.
to program the current limit level. When overcurrent limit CHRG (Pin 6): Charge Status Open-Drain Output. When a
is tripped, the pass transistor immediately turns off and depleted battery is being charged, the CHRG pin is pulled
turns back on after a 640ms time-out period (CTIMER = to ground by an internal N-channel MOSFET capable of
0.1µF). The on-off cycle will continue as long as the driving an LED. Once the duty cycle at the GATE pin drops
overcurrent condition persists or until the timer runs out.
below 10%, the N-MOSFET turns off and a weak 40µA
If overcurrent protection is not needed, short SENSE to current source to ground turns on to indicate a near end-
VIN. of-charge C/10 condition. When a time-out occurs or the
ACPR (Pin 2): AC Wall Adapter Present Open-Drain Out- input supply is removed, the CHRG pin becomes high
put. When the input voltage (wall adapter) is applied to the impedance.
LTC4052, this pin is pulled to ground by an internal GATE (Pin 7): Gate Drive Output Pin for Internal and
N-channel MOSFET capable of driving an LED. External Pass Transistors. An external N-MOSFET transis-
VIN (Pin 3): Positive Input Supply Voltage (4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ tor can be connected in parallel with the internal transistor
10V). Bypass this pin with a 1µF capacitor in series with a to reduce the on-resistance for higher charge current. In
4.7Ω resistor. this case, an external blocking diode on VIN is required to
prevent damage to the battery if VIN is shorted to ground.
GND (Pin 4): Electrical Ground Connection and provides
A 10µA current source pulls this pin up to the charge pump
a thermal path from the IC to the PC board copper. The
voltage when turned on and a 40µA current source pulls it
exposed backside of the package is also ground and must
down to ground to turn it off. If an overcurrent condition
be soldered to the PC board for maximum power dissipa-
is detected, the GATE pin is immediately pulled to ground.
tion.
The voltage at this pin is internally clamped to 12V above
TIMER (Pin 5): Timer Set Pin. The timer period is pro- the GND pin.
grammed by a capacitor (CTIMER) to ground. The timer
period is: tTIMER = (CTIMER • 3Hr)/(0.1µF). The minimum
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LTC4052-4.2
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PI FU CTIO S
A series RC network from the GATE to the VIN pin is BAT (Pin 8): Battery Sense Input Pin. An internal resistor
required to control the slew rate at the VIN pin when the divider presets the final float voltage to 4.2V. If the BAT pin
switch is turned on or off. The slew rate control prevents drops below 4.05V after the charge cycle has ended, the
excessive current from the capacitor usually located in the timer resets and a new charge cycle begins. This pin is
wall adapter from flowing into the battery when the pass clamped to 4.7V if the battery is disconnected while
transistor turns on. charging.
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BLOCK DIAGRA
ACPR
2
45mV 105mV
+ – – +
VIN 3 + + VIN
100ms SLEEP IMAX
FILTER 10mΩ
BAT – – 1 SENSE
GND 4 24mA
7 GATE
CHARGE
PUMP
TRIPLER
TIMER 5 OSCILLATOR 8 BAT
TRICKLE FAST
+
CLK VMIN
–
CHRG 6
+
STOP VRECHRG
LOGIC
–
+
40µA TIMERS
+
C/10 VFLOAT
+
TEMP VMAX
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
–
4052 BD
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LTC4052-4.2
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OPERATIO
The LTC4052 is a complete lithium-ion battery pulse tion in the pass transistor. The charge current is deter-
charger with an internal 0.35Ω N-MOSFET switch driven mined by the current limit of the input supply.
by an internal charge pump. The charge current is set by When the battery voltage reaches the final float voltage,
the current limit of the input supply (wall adapter). An the pass transistor turns off for 100ms (minimum off-
external RSENSE sets the maximum allowable charge
time). It remains off as long as the battery voltage stays
overcurrent and prevents a wall adapter with a high
above the float voltage after the 100ms off-time. After the
current limit from damaging the battery. If the current limit
minimum off-time, if the battery voltage drops below the
of the input supply is above IMAX, the charger will imme-
float voltage, the pass transistor turns back on for at least
diately turn off the N-MOSFET switch and will retry after
400ms (minimum on-time). As the battery approaches full
640ms, thus reducing the average charge current to
charge, the off-time will get longer and the on-time will
approximately 1% of the overcurrent value (CTIMER =
stay at 400ms. When the N-MOSFET switch is on, the
0.1µF). If the battery is disconnected while in full charge
voltage at the BAT pin will be slightly higher than the final
mode, the charge pump turns off when the voltage at the
float voltage due to the ESR associated with the battery
BAT pin rises above 4.7V and turns back on when the
pack. This voltage level should not be high enough to turn
voltage drops below the float voltage.
on the overvoltage protection circuitry often located in the
A charge cycle begins when the voltage at the VIN pin rises battery pack. When the duty cycle at the GATE pin drops
above the BAT pin by 45mV. The charger will go into trickle below 10%, a comparator turns off the N-FET at the CHRG
charge mode if the battery voltage is below 2.45V. The pin and connects a weak current source (40µA) to ground
trickle charge current is preset to 24mA and is provided by to indicate a near end-of-charge C/10 condition. The pulse
an internal current source. In trickle mode, both the pass charging will continue until the timer stops.
transistor and charge pump are off.
An external capacitor at the TIMER pin sets the total charge
When the cell voltage exceeds 2.45V, the charger goes time, the minimum on- and off-time and the overcurrent
into full charge mode. In this mode, the charge pump turns retry period. After a time-out has occurred, the charge
on and ramps up the gate voltage of the pass transistor cycle terminates and the CHRG pin is forced high imped-
turning it on. The current limited voltage at the VIN pin will ance. After the charging stops, if the battery voltage drops
ramp down to VBAT plus the voltage drop across the pass below 4.05V due to external loading or internal battery
transistor and RSENSE, thus reducing the power dissipa- leakage current, a new charge cycle will automatically
resume.
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LTC4052-4.2
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Input Voltage (Wall Adapter) The timer starts when an input voltage which is at least
40mV greater than VBAT is applied. After a time-out has
The input voltage to the LTC4052 must have some
occurred, the charge cycle stops and the CHRG pin be-
method of current limit capability. The current limit
comes high impedance.
level of the input power source must be lower than
the overcurrent limit (IMAX) set by the sense resistor CHRG Status Output Pin
IMAX = 105mV/(RSENSE + 10mΩ). The 10mΩ represents
bond wire resistance internal to the IC. If a wall adapter This open-drain output can report three different charger
without current limit is used, or the current limit level is conditions:
above IMAX, the charger will turn on briefly and then Charger Status CHRG Pin Behavior
immediately turn off when the overcurrent condition is
Not Charging High Impedance
detected. This cycle will be resumed every 640ms (CTIMER
Charging Strong Pulldown
= 0.1µF) until the total charge time has run out. If overcurrent
Charging, C/10 Reached Weak 40µA Pulldown
protection is not needed, short the SENSE pin to VIN. The
overcurrent limit selected should be approximately twice
Using a simple two-resistor network a microprocessor
the charge current (input supply current limit).
can distinguish all three states. See Figure 1.
Trickle Charge and Defective Battery Detection VIN VDD
7
LTC4052-4.2
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
C/10 Detection (Near End-of-Charge) 10µA/C 50µA/C
cycle at the GATE pin to detect when the battery is nearing 50µA/C
full charge. When the duty cycle falls below 10%, the GATE
VOLTAGE
10µA/C
comparator trips and turns off the N-MOSFET at the CHRG
pin and switches in a weak (40µA) current source to 10µA/C 50µA/C 4052 TA02
ground. The 40µA turns off when the timer terminates the
charge cycle. C/10 detection is disabled in trickle charge Figure 2. Slew Rate at GATE and VIN Pins
mode. with the RC Network from GATE to VIN
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LTC4052-4.2
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
In addition, feedthrough vias or plated through holes (lo- soldered to the PC board is approximately 35°C/W de-
cated directly beneath the package and elsewhere) connect- pending on the copper area. The junction temperature rise
ing internal copper and backside copper layers help transfer above ambient will be approximately:
and spread the heat generated by the package. (0.353W)(35°C/W) = 12.36°C
Calculating Junction Temperature The maximum junction temperature will be equal to the
Example: Find the maximum junction temperature for a maximum junction temperature rise above ambient plus
battery voltage of 4V (VIN will collapse to approximately the maximum ambient temperature or:
VBAT in the full charge mode), charge current of 1A and a TJMAX = 85°C + 12.36°C = 97.36°C
maximum ambient temperature of 75°C.
The power dissipated by the IC is: ACPR Output Pin
P = (IBAT • IBAT • RDS(ON)) + (VIN • IIN) When the input voltage is 45mV higher than the voltage at
the BAT pin, the ACPR pin is pulled to ground to indicate
= (1A • 1A • 0.35Ω) + (4V • 0.7mA)
that the input supply (wall adapter) is applied. After the
= 0.35 + 0.003 input supply is removed, this pin will become high imped-
= 0.353W ance. An internal 100ms filter prevents the LTC4052 from
turning off if the voltage at the VIN pin rings and gets too
The LTC4052 is available in an enhanced 8-pin MSOP close to VBAT due to parasitic inductance.
package which features an exposed copper pad on the
bottom of the package allowing it to be soldered directly to Stop Charging
the PC board copper for maximum heat transfer. This
The charger is off when the voltage at the VIN pin is less
greatly reduces the thermal resistance and increases the
than 45mV above VBAT (sleep mode). The charge pump
power handling capability when compared to a standard
and the internal pass transistor are turned off, and the
MSOP package. The junction to ambient thermal resis-
internal resistor divider is disconnected to reduce the
tance of this package when the backside of the package is
current drain on the battery in the sleep mode.
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LTC4052-4.2
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
MBRS120T3
3
4.7Ω VIN 10k
AC
1k 1k RSENSE
PRESENT
1µF 25mΩ
STATUS LTC4052 0.047µF
1
SENSE
CHARGE
6 7
STATUS CHRG GATE Si2302DS
2 8
ACPR BAT
0.022µF 1-CELL 4.2V
TIMER GND Li-Ion
5 4 BATTERY
CTIMER
0.1µF
4052 TA03
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LTC4052-4.2
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PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
MS8E Package
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1662)
BOTTOM VIEW OF
EXPOSED PAD OPTION
2.06 ± 0.102
1 (.080 ± .004)
1.83 ± 0.102
2.794 ± 0.102 0.889 ± 0.127 (.072 ± .004)
(.110 ± .004) (.035 ± .005)
5.23
(.206) 2.083 ± 0.102 3.2 – 3.45
MIN (.082 ± .004) (.126 – .136)
8
3.00 ± 0.102
0.42 ± 0.04 0.65 (.118 ± .004) 0.52
(.0165 ± .0015) (.0256) (NOTE 3) 8 7 6 5 (.206)
TYP BSC REF
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
3.00 ± 0.102
4.90 ± 0.15
DETAIL “A” (.118 ± .004)
0.254 (1.93 ± .006)
NOTE 4
(.010)
0° – 6° TYP
GAUGE PLANE
1 2 3 4
0.53 ± 0.015
(.021 ± .006) 1.10 0.86
(.043) (.034)
DETAIL “A” MAX REF
0.18
(.077)
SEATING
PLANE 0.22 – 0.38 0.13 ± 0.076
(.009 – .015) (.005 ± .003)
0.65
TYP MSOP (MS8E) 0802
(.0256)
NOTE:
BSC
1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH)
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS.
MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE
4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE
5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX
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Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LTC4052-4.2
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Minimum Component Count 4.2V Li-Ion Battery Charger
3
VIN 10k
0.047µF
LTC4052
1
SENSE
6 7
NC CHRG GATE
2 8
NC ACPR BAT 0.022µF
TIMER GND
5 4 1-CELL 4.2V
CTIMER 600mA
0.1µF Li-Ion BATTERY
4052 TA04
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