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Study Guide

The document provides an introduction to reported speech, including its key components and changes that are typically made to verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions when transforming direct speech into indirect speech. It also discusses backshifting, reporting modals and modal-like expressions, and common mistakes to avoid when using reported speech.

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17 views1 page

Study Guide

The document provides an introduction to reported speech, including its key components and changes that are typically made to verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions when transforming direct speech into indirect speech. It also discusses backshifting, reporting modals and modal-like expressions, and common mistakes to avoid when using reported speech.

Uploaded by

olggacto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Study Guide: Ana: My mom loves

cooking  Ana said that


Reported her mom loved cooking
Speech
1. Introduction to
Reported Speech:

- Definition: Reported
speech, also known as - Time expressions:
indirect speech, is when Time expressions may
someone reports or need to be adjusted to
paraphrases what another reflect the time frame of
person has said. the reported speech.

- Key components:
Reporting verb, reporting
4. Backshift in Reported
clause, and reported
Speech:
speech (direct speech
transformed into indirect - Backshift: The shift of
speech). tense in reported speech
that typically occurs
when the reporting verb is
2. Changes in Verb in the past.
Tenses:

- Reporting verbs in
5. Reporting Modals
the past: Most reporting
and Modal-like
verbs shift one tense back
Expressions:
in reported speech (e.g.,
"say" changes to "said"). - Modals: Modal verbs
such as "can," "may,"
- Verb tense changes in
"might," "should,"
reported speech:
"must," etc., change in
Present simple → Past reported speech.
simple
- Modal-like
Present continuous →
expressions: Expressions
Past continuous
like "have to," "ought to,"
Present perfect → Past
"be supposed to," etc.,
perfect
also undergo changes in
Past simple → Past
reported speech.
perfect
Will → Would

6. Common Mistakes to
3. Changes in Pronouns Avoid:
and Time Expressions:
- Incorrect verb tense
- Pronoun changes: shifts.
Pronouns usually change - Inconsistent pronoun
to reflect the subject of usage.
the reporting clause. - Failure to backshift
when necessary.

7. Examples

Ana: I have two sisters


 Ana said that she had
two sisters

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