CLASSIFICATION OF OBLIGATIONS

One w/c is not subject to a condition or a term.

1. Pure Obligations It is an obligation which is demandable at once.

Performance or extinguishment is not subject to any condition or period.

The acquisition of rights, as well as the extinguishment or loss of those already

2. Conditional Obligation acquired, shall depend upon the happening of the event which constitutes the
condition.

CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS

-The happening of the condition gives rise to the obligation.
2-1. Suspensive Condition -If not fulfilled, no juridical relation is created.
(a.k.a. “Condition
-Debtor’s obligation shall be performed upon happening of the
Precedent”)
condition.

2-2. Resolutory Condition -Rights are already acquired but subject to the threat of an extinction.
(a.k.a. “Condition -Wherein the happening of the event will extinguish the obligation.
Subsequent) -Take effect at once but terminate upon arrival of the day certain.

-One w/c depends solely on the will of either one party.

2-3. Potestative Condition
-Condition is dependent upon the will of a party to an obligation.

-Where the condition is made to depend upon;

(1) a third person or
2-4. Casual Condition
(2) upon chance.
(Third person: Neither the debtor nor the creditor)

-One w/c depends partly upon the;

(1) Will of one of the parties and
2-5. Mixed Condition
(2) partly on either chance or the
(3) will of a third person.

-Those (1) contrary to good customs or public policy and;

those (2) prohibited by law
2-6. Impossible Condition
shall annul the obligation which depends upon them.
-Impossible in fact + Impossible by in law or illegal.

2-7. Positive Condition -Is a condition that an event happens at a determinate time.

- Is a condition that involves the non-performance of an act.

2-8. Negative Condition
-Not to do an impossible thing. Just disregard the condition.

SHEKINAH MARGARET H. CRUZ | 3-BSE

 CONT. CLASSIFICATION OF OBLIGATIONS
-Those which arise from the same cause, wherein;
(1) each party is a debtor and
(2) a creditor of the other
3. Reciprocal Obligation such that the performance of one is conditioned upon simultaneous fulfillment of
the other.

-May or may not happen.

-Is an obligation whose fulfillment or extinguishment depends upon a future and

certain event.

-Term: is a future and certain event upon w/c the demandability (or
4. Obligations w/ a period extinguishment) of an obligation depends.

-Period: pertains to interval of time, which, exerting an influence on an obligation

as a consequence of a juridical act, either suspends its demandability or produces
its extinguishment.

- Involves several conditions, all of which must be realized.

5. Conjunctive Obligation
-Where the debtor must perform more than one prestation.

-Involves multiple prestations but

5. Alternative Obligation
debtor will only perform one prestation.

-Only one thing is due, but the debtor has reserved the right to substitute it w/
another.
6. Facultative Obligation
-Where only one prestation has been agreed upon but the obligor/debtor may
render another in substitution.

-Is an obligation where each debtor can be made to pay only his share in the
7. Joint Obligation
obligation.

8. Solidary Obligation Exist where one debtor can be made to pay for the whole obligation.

- An obligation whose performance of the prestation can be fulfilled by parts.

9. Divisible Obligation
-Is one susceptible of partial performance.

10. Indivisible Obligation -Is one that must be performed in one act.

-The penalty shall substitute the indemnity for damages and the payment of
interest in case of non-compliance, if there is no stipulation to the contrary.
11. Obligations w/ a Penal
Clause
Penal Clause: Is an accessory undertaking to assume greater liability in case of
breach.

SHEKINAH MARGARET H. CRUZ | 3-BSE

 TERMS

1. Involves a future and certain event.

1. Condition
2. Pertains to every future event and uncertain event upon which an obligation is made
to depend.

Pertains to interval of time, which, exerting an influence on an obligation as a

2. Period consequence of a juridical act, either suspends its demandability or produces its
extinguishment.

3. Rescission
Has the effect of unmaking the contract.

4. Usufruct It gives right to enjoy the property of another with the obligation of preserving its form
and substance, unless the title constituting it or ale otherwise provides.

“Creditor” or “Obligee”
5. Active Subject
The person who has the power to demand the fulfillment of the obligation.

“Debtor” or “Obligor”
6. Passive subject
Party who has the duty to fulfill the obligation or prestation.

Is the object of the obligation either;

7. Prestation (1) To give
(2) To do
(3) Not to do

8. Juridical Tie Is the vinculum that binds the debtor and creditor.

9. Contract Meeting of the minds whereby one binds himself with respect to other to give
something or render some services.

10. Rights Claim or title to an interest in anything whatsoever that is enforceable by law.
For every right enjoyed by a person, there is a corresponding obligation on the part of another person to respect such right.

Defined in the Civil Code as a juridical necessity;

(1) To give
11. Obligation
(2) To do
(3) Not to do

SHEKINAH MARGARET H. CRUZ | 3-BSE

 SCENARIOS

A promissory note signed by X dated March 31, 2023 is worded as follows:

"I promise to pay Y the sum of P75,000 provided that
If he should fail in the CPA Board examination,
Resolutory Condition
he shall return to me the said amount."

The above note gives rise to an obligation with:

I. When the obligation assumed by a party to a contract expressly subjected to

a condition, the obligation cannot be enforced against him unless the condition
is complied with.

Both are True II. The obligatory force of a conditional obligation is subordinated to the
happening of the future and uncertain event, so that if that event does not
takes place, the parties would stand as if the conditional obligation had never
existed.

If the debtor was UNAWARE

In this case, advance payment by the debtor is recoverable.
of the period.

Whenever in an obligation a period is designated, it is presumed to have been

Both the creditor and the debtor.
established for the benefit of:

I. If the resolutory condition is not fulfilled, no juridical relation is created.

False, should be Suspensive Condition.

Both are false.

II. If the suspensive condition is not fulfilled, the juridical relation is consolidated.
False, no juridical relation is created.

H and W spouses entered into a contract to sell wherein the latter

agreed to sell to the former, for P3,170,220, five parcels of land.
E is within her rights to sell the subject
The spouses shall make a downpayment of P500,000 upon signing of the contract.
lands to X. The balance shall be paid in three installments.
There can be rescission of an obligation
that is still non-existent The spouses failed to pay the last installments.
due to the non-happening of the Thereafter, the spouses offered to pay the unpaid balance, which had already been
suspensive condition. delayed by one and a half year, which E refused to accept.
On September 23, 2023, E sold the same parcel of land to X.

The spouses filed a complaint to compel E to accept the spouses payment.

I. In resolutory condition, rights are not yet acquired, but there is a hope or
expectancy that they will soon be acquired.
False, in Resolutory Condition, rights are already acquired.
Ony II is true.
II. In resolutory condition, rights are already acquired, but subject to the threat
of extinction. --->True!
X sells his only lot in General Santos City if X decides to transfer and live in
Potestative condition Davao City is an example of:
Condition is dependent upon the will of a party; where he will transfer or not.

SHEKINAH MARGARET H. CRUZ | 3-BSE

1. A _____ involves a future and certain event.

-Condition

2. In an obligation with a _______ impossible conditions annul the obligation which depends on them.
-Suspensive Condition

3. _______ is one which no condition or period is attached.

-Pure Obligation

4. The happening of the condition gives rise to the obligation is _______.

-Suspensive Condition

5. _______ is an obligation whose fulfillment or extinguishment depends upon a future and certain event.

-Obligation with a period

6. _______ involves multiple prestations but debtor will only perform one prestation.

-Alternative Obligation

7. _______ is an obligation where each debtor can be made to pay only his share in the obligation.

-Joint Obligation

8. _______ exist where one debtor can be made to pay for the whole obligation.

-Solidary Obligation

9. If the _______ is not fulfilled, no juridical relation is created.

-Suspensive Condition

10. _______ pertains to every future event and uncertain event upon which an obligation is made to

depend.

-Condition

11. In _______ rights are already acquired but subject to the threat of an extinction.

-Resolutory Condition

SHEKINAH MARGARET H. CRUZ | 3-BSE

12. _______depends partly upon the will of a party to the obligation and partly upon chance and/or will of a

third person.

-Mixed Condition

13. _______is a condition that involves the non-performance of an act.

-Negative Obligation

14. _______involves several conditions, all of which must be realized.

-Conjunctive Condition

15. It gives right to enjoy the property of another with the obligation of preserving its form and substance,

unless the title constituting it or ale otherwise provides is _______.

-Usufruct

16. _______has the effect of unmaking the contract.

-Rescission

17. An obligation where only one prestation has been agreed upon but the obligor may render another in

substitution is called

-Facultative obligation

18. Those which arise from the same cause, wherein each party is a debtor and a creditor of the other, such

that the performance of one is conditioned upon simultaneous fulfillment of the other is _______.

-Reciprocal obligation

19. _______pertains to interval of time, which, exerting an influence on an obligation as a consequence of a

juridical act, either suspends its demandability or produces its extinguishment.

-Period

20. An obligation where there are two or more objects is called

-Compound obligation

SHEKINAH MARGARET H. CRUZ | 3-BSE