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Vectorial Mechanics, Multivariable Calculus, Notes for the University of Ibadan
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© Thuy t Rottms «;
mel eT Sh
Core Callens
© @y Nedtivs i» Finclidean Space + Stheawe's Senes on
“ay Vedler_ Product Mechen ef mechanics
<2 om of veiter tas # Plone bea
dit Flnet of Vit Calculus, ¢
4) Goel Kirametties
LF Menai 7
$Y Bugg and Gustryation baw»
Pr Dyramies of Paitieles of avigid bidy .
ce [couse Content 4.7
Vectors IM EUCLIDEAN SPACE 4
Nédlor is a thy at tins maguitide nd- diiedticn + Thay one
ves Capital (etles ¢y 4,6,C che. with an arr upen «
—— Swnlt tees ca Capon op date ep We arb Cp dinensnal
K naj tej t ty CB dmuniinndy
Flo be wntton oh ain frm (8) « (4)
a Ab 2 ae8 oe
— Vern seéesens a sae 5
WERE F epesnt diet von. Lt ap hog 2 OE
& Seale Vals= BER (Adliton is Commmitachee
=A Cte, his st Commutve ?
B (sp we magatade of each componerdt the tome
Actin are uqual)
ai Hb} Manse
RG Sey
dye Senin, mde A eenf—LEE
ye - ker ee Preamp
pC = REE) Aenectie i tone op Allthin
B= «R+ ek — pimitites
Serer
Tene o1AR LAK OF yeciex ADDITION
Tis Lom sheer Abett if ue Vedes Kod &
ore rep. bath tm_mangrtide pnd Wechin Ly the Liss
Shean such tht he tail of Vader Bohs Spud at
| ths head of Vetter Ay then the thd bn reqs Nteutor ©
stroum such that “ts tal ot te tel of ta fut
Nitty Bowd AS buod is ot tu Wad =f Ha send
Med Boh rap. the vesettast wert 3 Magnita de
oud dnection ,
c ‘Ta Rent! ether e
=
> =>
CrAtS
ree?Same
frarctleLo Gene Lent OF Vetter ADDMon
Ths lows states that, of -t a
+ tf “two $ Ove cep: iy mmoagnita de
and deettin by the cidjount sider of x li oe the
oggool of. the Geralltlogrm chron from oe pow ef Lana
ten af Whe two veitors Cathe onigh) veg the veswltat wetter
iw wogtade Bnd Aveiro.
diagnn! of (me PadQ
%,
Laer Wedegmdae te
A Peo cca
If no wedbnsr Com tow expressed are
Linen Combownction op the Areng ,
Rs PA 2fAGse
Lintenel WADEPEN DRIVECTORS :
Te devs Kad Boe hd te te Iwunily Sebapendod
set
sf ove sit Senta pansy, Sond suk thech,
AAT ES ~ 0 provided a and ove nit Zoo Cap fo).
a= -pB Ae og vader ROAR ys te awe said 0 be Unenelg
cae deptndat fF thee Quits Salars Aida, -hn nt al
ee 5 Suk thet Ane Ungar Cemlomeactiom
Zaiki=o, ie N+ OAT «teh =O
UNIT wecToR Laie 3 = EB \ hy oF FOR
, a eateee Es
A Wat scector {5 asgedtor abit has, Ts de as A,
Se a settee ath ~ Soke +RRt... + Bako jilek:
fe Boe, Bye +. t Be
te ecto xz =) me
Hil tlic a atin ipso pete. Peat 4 AP tit Get 2
ct Such Scalers, then we Ser]
Wal = Varsetac paige
Thun, Lanse bg blyfondendl »
pea Ale (find sremglts ond study) om oe
Reap den ey Et en
Coun oe trgrased asaFovvet Bh Yecors
Ee: ; Sart byt Cy
defued os peste
Ane CO) + Cloyd + Ce-2)Fade sf Rue 6 = ke. OB ,
OT cee pratt is wel tt She
Seat port e- ke ;
-
Frampl @ Veet A= 20454 aK ae wb. Find a
ih eiacemct ;
a
aa t8-s se Seer wae.
Saye s ate
Re 3 toy - ic Be uit +0n
ae ee Wid inthe Same duedicn
ae. ve
Aver 246-6510 teaser) - 74 nye (tar e¢ = ey
12 ¢ TG . Ser
ee i
reper ‘a. dicta ase
O©] As = wx (commatatve )
ABt kc (Datitathie) Shs Pitre
@)) 0629-5) eee Fo far vahw i)
Gon thet __ _
Berke Sei-aitnk Ps arerk
Le ctasen RA?
D| Compe (K+ 89+ (eS
D| Diteonine ubizh 96 the Vetfors ave porate and qeprsieee
be pach sther,
a —— i i = a- (bxe)(Course Conen 2)
_Nectwr ( ceoss TeooveT
gee vopesest as vectors aang es
eaithtee Ff Be wiry +3. eesgetiorely «
—
> 5. Dieiewast Of the tur vertne,
__ trea of Poraltllogcan OARS
afecdoslty
= loel lokl sme = lallbl se
Rxé enn Bc Se
A xCBx2) $ Gene) xc
Rx (Br0) =CRe®) + AxZ) itive
Linn ha defection of Catitn nikon)
Raton NEcTHR_| Ratt tne ng the Aneel Proud bythe Vectors.
ekstven a ae Etec
pind hoe (kel, [Ach , feel :
= BAS Chopaamect Gm 0 5
Te fond Bl = ABs le-#]
é ay ee Aeete mes
ie, Sadie
ic A Wplanmust vectorwe? bes
cee epee dle Pe
sacl bh be en de side ike
IR the Cordmcte ae pore
Cometles cith the Cowrdiicty of the thw.
[eegilg re Pye
dat Pe abesjnae +A Geajtte) . Check utetho pat
(sand $ ACID Wes on te tine,
Py. ais sjok +d Cina te)
Con log smith aS
a
Siciaihans Foren \MtAeS > AK
B-adea » Ash
Scat =i So ye2
| Hina, Bast Pde Ake en Taide Mie «
Suk se Fond 805,81), Kew Poel tee om SRER
eg
APT edhe bine i Pade
ell wat cto pyect.
Geet of lwteesthton “Vs obtaed
wa Cond inate sf the Ai.
5 ees 7 Be or, = fs (aiaayae)
‘peg +) -oe +h (fey fond
Lat | Fed FP be tue Wes ot Nether
$f the tuo wes er alin Ceprdmacte aeed Ta.
ad =u > 2
Sa sila)
po lltesaaavehead! ese
ad 4h = be Se
2 Gy Ses &
you e
xe arden. ort Seay
yr 2-2? a 3thy
= -24 ath)
pape enya
Two Ro viene Snes ——
me neetior lines, Than te, ugh 2.
gto Fas .
a , Ages is dedud aslal=
wel= Cee vp
[ig = cs Pong Ni Gee Fon. -\\ede
s (ie ¢ mA
yg rey
a > >,
Pe P-4 = (apyte |P-al?
pe a s
Tied Ha Usk Nteck 0 f= duoplauutl obs of (ue 7
Tre Nadu of AN 35 Shamed os 5
Ndudity “the disglocmetd wedor 9 fKa aver ecb
Line i
Dita hea Unt vedo of tha dees acumu rt vector
Osta te Det geaductiog the at sted ontz alate a Les an: elas ee )
Te the eo \s_ nation “thee (hee, ddestine abe Fegendieden
Veto he, Wan cond the gait
Au
r
J Te deentt es en “he ee
9G2,-') 4 Vio Ges = (any + Guy
ph = Go 5)
ki pel « Teas = N26 = AP
“PUA3) Op = 26,
Ju 4ated ¢ (Ne
pesy =
\ *
# "Vector ee ani idl exe perelel bet pred ny
StS Bee ee =>
> =>
BA
in. (a) ee
nrana =e
tn z9n => ee of & ]
_ eect
Ws “5 theafee a nim quake tm Weck | open
Th we hove the velo pont we Can ust Home to whe
he equals fia bie,
Apa) B () Aiait iy en eh .
_| Ex
| # vader te with 9 gestion vedbor Tras t4K tis om a
plane, if Hye Nomal to the pant alas) bisett a lie
at 90° ty form _ equdliom St the Flare
Sottien
Layee tHGles
Samir ty 2 STR | Bats on a Tome :
Ty a glans Cashews © gench than tha Coerdunate vf eg
fect matt Lhe apa to he Coordele of the glane «
“Erompl
Lal x-syt2z=8 be a veder dae ond Ot 7(2,3,3)
QC, ep tow pot
Detours obittur Pad @ ae om the pla
: Son (Hiei
j Fed P) xxa y+3 F=2
=. DoS Fela EE lowet Wes on tla lar ,
Foot @) HSA yor eee
qe tac & BGs ow tHe flee.
Tirsedhon of S Neder lows anda Necker Rane
(te bene neo plant wall mach eiion bt omnd af enll have
chive F
Mlansime chor Yeah syle
bet ae bytce ok be a vither plane and Lt Be+no Ve
|
Ms ‘ meet, tall mach on o (ane.
: ae ee ak tung bere Hoag arash, wer
[uel ned ty final the positions ved, and
stisel A Stecbarn f
(| lst, the DV cd be Obtemed by Talay He _
Fpeduct of Wa We DY and the plant necen’ the TY
(il doe ektaatd toy taleng the Re of the teeExample: Find the we of \sitertifien of the vetter Lig,
Sets + ACaimsite) and the vedo plane
ASB dP -8s
PSs ~ - =
“The equation of “the Wie uhert they meets as fie,
PT Hae f
Line oF Tucheecedtin of ta flan
let entity tice ef ad
Be 9g te © vagsnit fur plane
Wir lui of Inkrsotin ¢f Ye tue ee Com (ue: oKtimd
a follvurs Mune
Pee
Fat Nb satang the
Grats padnct oe tue two
Werean lex!
= fare sive hae Nectew
Exompls &
Find athe aquatvy of the tmnt _ulese “hs tue plane?
aetSytSBeF and mty FF! miteS Ty ua ce Rt tee ange ben
Metiret Gt Se nee
ee age detach few ples
B= Gos’ / ak aan acta
Uns cheat ea 3
| omer sitet a4 3s
eye See od Anty -Bet
eh
Bie i ee ree hey
a allen)
Gin eet oSee ee
Doeth-Gi) =!
Doe e Set
Meet ser ety
ST epsahs
|| Seabaw pot Pun
pe Ne, wih z
a es at any fot on tea enth af a
EF he ph Rb Spe
[if thet Coresgend a solar @ (uy 2) 4 the gu
Pie KR An G92) a 0 Siler Plation ©
Hana, a Sealer Feld hee loam
y ——GiSciie i Nake RUT MLE eee bed
new call one day be
oe
| atic te defined sealer fai 9
@] Qbay.z) = eye — x deft a seer field ‘
Ronarks TE Q ches nit depend on time, then it os called
Beauly State Sealer fald’
——————
Vector Fel
Gonder if sack point Guy 2) tn R has a Gerespondecgy |
Nestor V Grey 2): “Then Vis a Nec _gowt Pundtiom omdit &
Ex
| a¢ ay tat of avy point withing ctewy Ries Nouta/aleiae
ato Carles Ane chun a veiter field is defmed
= Dyk +B he—q defines a vette Rell.
© Orateen Denetive oF < “SOAR YartueD Function
(al v(t) be a Netter Fan tien alepend ons, tl as ae
We Nett 9 Fe Lipit mist is the defn chee of ths Nucor
x (4).
vn fete J= v¢
Tis ae f-§ a r$& ir foe Oh
kowMetter fanction of a scales
Newiabu t ond LEQ .
Dp rw Wi ry 5 $20),
Se Ty
Exempt ¢ Given the See
a. Sty +e tet
b= Sut, + cst
EG
a se ies ae
@ de @ diary
de SR ls
aS
A partic,
sthed ats _guifion are
meres in 5
vs Quen as x=2b4a
wrPrst + Zo ti ae
rep: a chfferetttable Scale. LEO be +t Bstten
Famétion. Z Neder at te 4
Then, the Guise ete | fica
pens @ dy ® Lr
a +db ae oe
de de
ade yp dale ’
gabe dene [geste +e
eae @-4a = wt te tat
aa
ae = lot tt +f
be = Siti + Costs
db = Cost: & ct}
at a
Pers sia cakes
de de
+h ts) ef Gas sinks)
(tot; +t th) uti + Cathflu) pies
ares ele
nett AG
are Legawute +o £lscvas)
e : = et
— elo totem + Costi — Sty
eT i: Gon cos ty +U-st)) £3,
a is a — me
A Care) = ade a te e
Dae Dia
Sede tote 0 A
2 Coty tage toe)
i
+ ((Sttest bot -s-t)
ee | er ae eke eg te.
bye =p i
ye us pee eg tee)
ee tia E
|
© a fete Gc%s-0) +(lotent= Sh
—— a (Beortrtente + + Gott eat); |e
Ferm. DeRWwatwe oF VECTon caLcotus
Tp e weiter y degimal em mone
Then one stale Vewielle (2619 ond
=). Te fortial denvahve of Vv
wct each of the trdeprndet
54 \ Gy
Uns Gs Mop adm x28,
We lever
Newieble (214 62) ane Ceypecwtly | $4) Beyzh
defined as fallow | oe
SY = bin FY Get Suu) -vewdd 6 - ©
in ewef ne a
pee ak ea Son = Chany
& =_bim jose =¥ oil $2 :
ae 4
by S976 _§y Be tans beg 3282?
es ae oes S28 fe \G Aci ®.
pease ar | see
Zi bv = 2Bee
< z ef ae Gye
Sxtyz? $x \ Ge
y7 ae
“Tha higher derigshes can los sy or b= exe
Mined wo Sweden wo [feb Sy| Ge
A se a iy z
bx eae, wm 8 = $%
f= $_(b ) dnfy Gy Sue
é
¢Rates Be Bein! Teivtoe 4 Vale
Colewlus
0; pier sla: Gea
el See SS
=a Gb + fa Se + Sa Sb
Geb, Sy fy
Pye ok
_ Sxfy coef:
@ S Coxe > § lax $b + $a xb
fay ee es
pax8b thax + honk
oh, & fy & Se
da
‘Su by =
a Geet: Dnikancce $ eval. are es
Defrud om oprettey __ 3 =
ve Spt ty th .
be Sy Se Th latiad of rn ip ue
Be ee acre
: | use Cn product Aged a
Def + toe
LQ be 9 Sealow Fanci
Of the Newiable (xe, 2) which |
is defined ond dau entinble
f Deeps of N E
al ead yout BETS lee
RE (Be dmennient)
Tee gracict of @ catted
4-4@ is defied b ke VQ
Fra @ -TQ
= 8a
t
4 $05 4 fa
by Pe
VYa-@ Sys E545
Se
Te operctton grad operate Gon
lee aye d to om Necley funclen
V Geng/2) Using the det_prduck
when this en, we calle it
By 2 VON tM A Voie)
Toss called
Gurl Ww)Example | Execese
BGuy 2) - Srey - yF 2% |:
Fe kOe. es
© Va _@vv EE
Slewtet Vive =a |
| 12) = el — ay} rye (
Grn pastes + (3x—syte 4 |.
® Ypstley 12
Lit Ver+ 42K amd lt > Yy
als
"
= §O, + €Q5 +
ig (eee | A
EEE Te 5 Geez De tes)
Ex
ih 1b eg
awe!= tan, T Se
defined Changes with he
we |
Afi
i
aaa wa apa oe Qrahew nC ;
Hepat by Cove Cat prot P ga Pde
. =< Nee g T-T «1°: ] ne
3 = Lye wey ME er
BO ern yt| ys Seas Ke
9 Kum of are Ss alors tae
Lunt wid Shon wt Cet YS
er
“We Wok nel wD tet qe
of Rend Ae Teh -B ® Fes te LK, Mow Tt
Te sof valet aa en | @ tsut + coclk
| Ae fundemuatals esters @ Coe sty +5u aby
2 Siena tees sae a
called FRENETS
42 2 kN Se
ds. ds S gr 2one ze
| 46 --tN Reo, Bus L, KS ett
fe
Conbning “thie “ko Wee
Ae
El if A otoeee 0 AO
YT Cam 80s" Coceeey) # Ce®
= asc. 4 dere +1
Te fed Wt wet 4 = 2 |
ark G
de -
eo
ae
18 (-atesoi-as..03) ae 5
e a =
OHO Y—S..04 Fo
Me Pevas Tous oe
= th
~ ae
IxN =
£ yp lomsitaconien) x
: (ecosee =Sh ey)
u y kK | Gee waa
paep Aue
ee
js —Sme ©
ye) a) fe
ae) = Sy, te)He 4 [ Case; vee) ) |
. meee
phe oes
ae
jos ag Cos ¥ S84 ae Ni (Sale Es
a 5 OS SteetRl sey
INTEGRATION
} iat
pedal Ge tot
— |
ean © +N, tO), JOfMuy i
es valor depodng ™ & Scalow
| ie ea ln
tk Sse du
+ Si lhe Andiefonn tated | 9
of Vw) pied So
| Neate cw) st de) - von
Nectewk tert ees
What 202-
Gotelnerd—)
Te 7*
= }
in whith ase
“Ff on howe bia wtowel Lote
Vou du = rte) - ra)
a
| ee as wit 4 ou} os Taal =
a= Me # S Ba = Yh
—4#—
Example 4:
i a fi tu) du
CB Boh Se
OAs| EeoebOe fe (r)|
c at
eo ddr t §4y + kde
Ve cbt jae tet Ko ek
i a
[ ee 2 het
|zetts
|e (4%; +290; + 145,)
iet® (igactjatde ea
2g t YE Sho Ht
Iva _ Cumse © dePinud
om sez t® yrat
as & (0,05)
to B C447)Nector Fel D
Frompu of Ned Fale
Suggested boston dep V
fas F feat pote c
: besfebr
Eaucen + hy com :
afied
Pree: 3
bylwen 4L0,0,0) eed)
along the Cure ¢ defird *
ee pee
dunudt dye tee dak yl
de igde ty 4tdt + esta
dee (ait 4b, 3th)
Fe 2att tute 4b,
oro BH a L
_(satie ort
(4+ at + 3th
) Take Seles prduct
= Fenton d de
ut
Bas usmiea tas Dae
Hees
Gren thet
[a = (Sx* +64); - “gz; Hows
fas fe Reco) & B41;
aul: the itak-
Qxat yee
ae c
@ te Sent loa
boxes0) 4b ie gon
Ciplo) and tan ® (uu!)
eee bkHort Coe.) abeterited: et
pobele ows Abe
| Arvesoe Spud of tea
tule tn Phe Hine
lideied ee yi SIS
Recalls
Beate sa. 2 Ga Be ces 7
ie lise e iano ie
Lee ea
Si Wetieg. Sh 0 Witte
J LOR bea foal pau ote |
3. that PSS" omd Pps Se | *
Ar 70 pio foe otsa
= Sas
ie
uy
mez es
et oe ae Ghee:
ye ee
a@) = Intesaty — ysnatj t'6Pies
ile? 4 Enugey
Lat Fo be the free ating on eee: -a0t¥, taot" tar!
a Ph along ttre Conve ¢,
ia veprsest 14 a wale pale.
or te ow ory used b Le
sa FE (ss tae! plot + 20)
= heer
[yest zit) we,
eee \F ee
lve dda tity tk L
ae siilay Bivins Pea Ercan
‘dws
(ae? Sess 5a} + Jos) r *
5 Catetaty 430) 6
(=f Gus NAP), SU") bel ee
(ahi sahseet) ue
és efter a 6a)- 58, 3+ lotro),
sat Se ee)
Lopes
fe
“Pentair ttot® tgat"|:
1 nx
|" es
6 Gales: Jae]
we |poteat eats oP) |
=f2eo% att act recs’ | s
[cst aye 20) a
to| gears)
bt. © 1s 308%
- : Trmputse of Mamtertune
S | Ys mew pectic Rivas
fs wrest real Hee a
Er tat Tica gene fie
dele by MA = mV
ey Mewt’s sumed Laue oft
machin, rade ef cheno of
bnew moma is propatens)
cle te fre prdaunrey came
Tee sags deh of te
Rinnai Fe ig We Hie Rec
wmoviny the accebovotion & of
| the pockets ue mass om
| Fathmet , the wapulse af a
Rvee Fliny on & geste s
Hee am OtonendT one
porated tog thenpedichis
10 ee) chine Yo
Rie eae til? Sond Ease!
Nietoentey f Fea fe,he ies] (ouerine he
siglade aah ck |
|= -Wob + 1s0F be
my 3
fe tee uhee .¢
Hone ton the titel) mat 9 <5
Fes Fea @
Mornay
#3,
Se aad an Slee
Te R tee oy J ibte
Wis fe 8 ese of
ro <>
aRae ones
a regen R
a Exangles :
a whee 04 ye Tie
moss 8 Se eI
side
Tf a Bie
Ty- oe fom ali
hte 5p” Tee guiee mrement of tai apes |
Ls aied he ong ep the wes |
is OW Sk a Alay
4 Ur bee —.
Lat feos ~
apt Strat eb, 5 age
ond
fe Pit Sy A aa
\rss Some of Nowiable >
Pedy, ne Sate Sete
ae Sa [Ty the tase of defiste bs |
phe % (=e) | J forde Sina Newey
: | ef Wteretiom UW con bee
| witroduerd ey Sethnty remy,
lune the function Xu)
CeAbinuons end has
Continuous dervetive Oo sme
tenet FSU SB suck thot
gh BE RGOien _HEBV CL ound Xivd
wm 1
e
Con3 deduced by sett
r= X lun) 4 =y ley)
Cahaws fait_goctiol
Aervatin sin See rvegem R
ios. UNE glee
teat tach pink _| (uve) |
1Xlu) —Canesgund Fe a poet
ray ce eee ee
MB Set
es: Tien =F |
which Bie olson rer eae [Ulse teens vsm@) de oe
us