PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT REVIEWER 4.

Health and Safety: Personal hygiene practices

are crucial for maintaining a hygienic environment
CHAPTER 1 and preventing the spread of illnesses in
hospitality settings, where interactions with guests
Profession: calling that requires advanced are frequent.
knowledge, skills and preparations.
Professional: individuals who displays 5. Customer Retention: Perceived hygiene
competent and skillful behaviors in alignment with attributes, including personal grooming, impact
their professions. customer retention in the hotel industry.
Professionalism: embrace a set of attitude, Customers are more likely to return to
skills, behaviors, attributes and values. establishments where they feel that hygiene
Knowledge: facts, Information, and skills standards, including staff grooming, are
acquired by a person through experience or consistently high
education.
Skills: the ability to use one’s knowledge PROPERGROOMING
effectively and readily in performance. 1. HAIR
Attitude: A person’s particular emotion and how 2. FACIAL HAIR
they act towards something/someone. 3. NAILS
Hard skills: “technical skills” or knowledge that 4. UNIFORM
you gained through any life experience. 5. ACCESSORIES
Soft skills: personal habits and traits that shape
how you work with others/self. PERSONAL HYGIENE
1.Bathing and Body odor
HARD SKILLS FOR SUCESSFUL 2.Oral hygiene
PERFORMANCE TASK IN JOB WHILE SOFT 3.Skincare
SKILLS ARE NECESARRY TO CREATE A 4. Perfumes or cologne
POSITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL WORK 5. Hand hygiene
ENVIRONMENT.
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF POOR HYGIENE
Ethics: set of moral principles or values. 1. CUSTOMER DISSATISFACTION
Etiquettes: the way of expressing manner. 2. CUSTOMER RETENTION
Professional development: “soft skills” 3. HEALTH RISKS
continues process of acquiring new knowledge 4. CUSTOMER PERCEPTION
and skills that relate to your profession. 5. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Career development: planning and execution of
actions towards career goals. STEPS FOR DAY TIKE MAKE UP
1. PREP SKIN
2. PRIMER
3. FOUNDATION
4. CONCEALER
CHAPTER 2 5. POWDER
6. BRONZER OR BLUSH
Importance of Proper Grooming and Personal 7. HIGHLIGHTER
Hygiene: 8. EYEBROW
Importance of proper grooming 9. MASCARA
1. First Impressions: In the hospitality and tourism 10. LIPS
industry, employees are often the first point of 11. SPRAY
contact for guests. A well-groomed and hygienic 12. FINAL TOUCH
appearance creates a positive first impression,
instilling confidence and trust in guests. FOR MEN:
1. CLEANSING
2. Brand Image: Grooming standards reflect the 2. MOISTURISER
brand image of the establishment. Consistently 3. EXFOLIATION
high standards of grooming contribute to the 4. SUN PROTECTION
reputation of the business as professional and
reliable.
CHAPTER 3
3. Guest Satisfaction: Guests expect a clean and
presentable environment when they visit hotels, Personality- “persona” Latin word means
restaurants, or tourist attractions. Employees who “masks” Inner areas of psychological experience
maintain proper grooming and personal hygiene which we call “self”. It is an individual thought,
contribute to a pleasant and comfortable feelings, emotions, attitude, intelligence, interest,
experience for guests. and abilities.
Perspectives on Personality: Elements Affecting Personality:

1. Psychodynamic Theory by SIGMUND Genetics: Inherited traits play a role in shaping

FREUD emphasize role of unconscious personality.
processes in shaping personality. Environment: Upbringing, culture, and social
• Ego – rational and realistic area of the system. interactions influence personality development.
Resolves issues between “ID” and “Super ego” Cognitive Processes: Thoughts, beliefs, and
•Superego–moral arm ‘conscience’. Measure perceptions contribute to personality.
how we fare about societal expectations. Behavioral Patterns: Actions and reactions
•Id – needs and urge pleasure-oriented side of shape how personality is expressed.
one’s persona.
The four temperaments:
2. Behaviorism theory-focuses on observable
behaviors rather than internal mental processes. 1.Melancholic-thoughtful, analytical,
JOHN B. WATSKN, overt responses. Introspective nature (sensitive and deep
B.F SKINNER- use rewards whether positive of emotional experience)
negative and punishment to produce orderly 2.Phlegmatic- calm, easy going and emotionally
change in individual. stable nature. (Relaxed, patient, unflappable in
stressful situations)
3. Humanistic theory- By CARL ROGERS and 3. Sanguine-outgoing, enthusiastic and optimistic
ABRAHAM MASLOW focuses on self- nature (sociable, energetic, and spontaneous)
actualization and personal growth, Individual 4.Choleric – strong-willed, assertive, and goal
choice and free will. oriented. (Ambitious, confident and decisive)
• Self-actualization- morality
• Esteem- Confidence NATURE AND NURTURE
•Love/belonging –family /sexual intimacy
•safety- security Nature: Nature refers to the influence of genetics
•psychological– is a breathing, homeostasis, and innate biological factors on an individual's
and excretion. development, traits, and behaviors.
Examples: GENETICS, TEMPARAMENT,
4. Traits theory- GORDON ALLPORT and INTELLIGENCE, AND EXPLANATION
RAYMOND CATTELL propose that personality
can be understood through identifying and Nurture: Nurture refers to the influence of
measuring specific traits. environmental factors, including upbringing,
culture, social interactions, and life experiences,
Gordon Allport- organized the thousands of on an individual's development, traits, and
personality traits into a hierarchy. behaviors.
•Cardinal traits-‘master control’ person’s passion Examples: PARENTINGSTYLE,
•Central traits – block shaping one’s behavior. SOCIALIZATION, EDUCATION, AND
•Secondary traits- preferences and attitudes or EXPLANATION
unusual behaviors if an individual.
•The 16PF trait is by Raymond Cattell. Agencies affecting personality traits:
•According to HANS EYSENCK Biological 1. Family dynamics
inheritance is the origin human traits. He believed 2. Peer relationships
that personality is determined to a large extent by 3. Cultural influences
a Person’s genes. 4. Education system
5. Media exposure
5. Social Cognitive theory- by ALBERT 6. Life experience
BANDUTA, interaction between personal factors,
environmental, behavior. It’s observational THE BIG FIVE TRAITS (OCEAN)
learning in shaping personality. •Openness to Experience- person’s willingness
to try new things.
Nature of Personality: •Conscientiousness- person’s level of
organization, self-discipline, and achievement
Personality development is influenced by a orientation.
combination of genetic predispositions •Extraversion-person’s level of energy,
(nature) and environmental factors (nurture). sociability, and assertiveness.
Theories like psychoanalytic theory emphasize •Agreeableness- person’s level of compassion,
the role of innate drives and early experiences in cooperation, and empathy.
shaping personality, while humanistic theories •Neuroticism- person’s emotion stability and
focus on personal growth and self-actualization. extent to which they experience negative
emotions like anxiety, anger and depression.
Type A and Type B Personality Types: MORAL STANDARDS: (virtue theories)
employees and employer should adhere high
Type A: Individuals with a Type A personality is levels of virtues as platform for character
described as ambitious, competitive, impatient, development.
and time-conscious. Theyoften exhibit a sense (“Yeung, Gjerald, and Ogaard 2010”
of urgency and are highly focused on remarkable growth can only be accredited from
achieving goals. high moral standards in the internal operation of a
business)
Type B: Individuals with a Type B personality is
characterized by a more relaxed, laid-back IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN THE
demeanor. They are less competitive, more HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
patient, and tend to experience less stress in 1.Building Trust and Reputation: among
their daily lives. customers, employees, and stakeholders.
2. Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: ensuring
CHAPTER 4 that guests receive fair treatment, honest
ETHICS -‘ethicos’ means character/manners. communication, and quality services.
Standard of a right and wrong the usually in terms 3. Employee Morale and Retention: fair
of right, obligation, benefits to society, fairness, or treatment of employees, including fair wages,
specific virtues. safe working conditions, and opportunities for
growth and development, fosters a positive work
Branches of Ethics (It deals with questions environment.
about morality, right and wrong conduct.) 4. Environmental and Social Responsibility:
1. Metaethics: nature of ethics itself promoting environmental sustainability,
2. Normative ethics: establish moral norms. It supporting local communities, and respecting
provides guidelines for moral decisions. cultural diversity.
3. Applied Ethics: real world practical issues and 5. Compliance with Laws and Regulations:
dilemmas that sake to provide ethical guidance compliance with laws, regulations, and industry
and solutions. standards governing areas such as labor
4. Descriptive ethics: analyzes existing moral practices, health and safety, and consumer
beliefs, practices and behaviors. It concerned with protection.
understanding how people perceive and behave 6. Long-Term Sustainability:
morally in different context.
BENEFITS OF ETHICS IN THE HOSPITALITY
CODE OF ETHICS - is a written list of rules for AND TOURISM INDUSTRY:
ethical behavior code of conduct 1.Enhanced Reputation and Brand Image
CODE OF ETHICS IN TOURISM AND 2. Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY- A key determinant of 3. Employees Morale and Retention.
the capacity for aforementioned sector to trace its 4. Competitive Advantage
missions, set goals, objectives and visions. 5. Legal Compliance and Risk Management
6.Long-Term Sustainability .
Ethics in a company creates a crucial sense to 7. Positive Impact on Society
both workers and clients that a company has And Environment
them at “heart”.
Relationships in our work environment
According to KIM and MILLER (2008), tourism • Management towards guests
and hospitality industry is one of the most crucial • Management towards employees
industries that perhaps require observance of the • Employee towards employer
highest possible levels of ethics practice on a • Employee towards co-workers
day-to-day basis. • Employee towards guests

POSITIVE ROLES OF CODE ETHICS: What happens when staff abuse their
• Inspiration workplace?
• Guidance • HIGHER PRICES
• Support for responsible conduct. • BUSINESS FAILURE
• Deterring and disciplining unethical professional • FEWER JOBS WITH CUT BACKS
conduct • UNPLEASANT WORKING CONDITIONS -
• Education and promoting of mutual DISTRUST
understanding. • POOR MORALE
• Contributing to a positive public image of the
profession Business abuse in the hospitality and tourism
• Protecting the status quo and suppressing 1. Exploitative Labor Practices:
dissent within the profession (UNDERPAYMENT FO WAGES AND LONG
• Promoting business interests through restraint of HOURS AND UNSAFE WORKING
trade CONDITIONS.)
2. Human Trafficking and Exploitation 4. Respecting colleagues time, opinions, and
3. Environmental Degradation: (RESOUCES contribution, and communicating respectfully in all
DEPLETION AND ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE) interactions.
4. Cultural Appropriation and Exploitation:
(COMMODIDYING AND ACOMMERCIALIZING TEN AREAS OF WORK ETHICS TRAITS AND
CULTURAL TRADITIONS/PRACTICES FOR PERFORMANCE STANDARDS IN THE
PROFIT WITHOUT PROPER RESPECT OR WORKPLACE:
CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES) 1. ATTENDANCE
5. Unfair Competition and Monopolistic Practices: 2. CHARACTER
(PRICE FIXING, COLUUSIONS, OR 3. TEAMWORK
MONOPOLISTICS BEHAVIOR TO GAIN AN 4. APPEARANCE
UNFAIR ADVANTAGE OVER COMPETITORS). 5. ATTITUDE
6. Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Practices: 6. PRODUCTIVITY
FALSE ADVERTISEMENT, MISLEADING 7. ORGANIZATIONAL SKILLS
PRICING, HIDEEN FEES, OR 8. COMMUNICATION
MISREPRESENTATIONS OF SERVICES.) 9. COOPERATION
7. Lack of Community Engagement and Benefit 10. RESPECT
Sharing: (OPERATE WITHOUT MEANINGFUL
ENGAGEMENT WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES.) ETHICAL PRINCIPLES FOR TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY MANAGERS
CHAPTER 05 1. HONESTY
2. INTEGRITY
ETHICS – consists of principles of conduct that 3. TRUSTWORTHINESS
govern the behavior of an individual or group. 4. LOYALTY
ETHICAL BEHAVIOR - is doing the right thing 5. FAIRNESS
even when under pressure to do the wrong thing. 6. CONCERN AND RESPECT FOR OTHERS
BUSINESS ETHICS – are a set of ethics that you 7. LEADERSHIP
want your employees to follow. 8. REPUTATION AND MORALE
WORK ETHICS PERFORMANCE STANDARS: 9. COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE
refers to a set of guidelines, principles, and 10. ACCOUNTABILITY
expectations that outline the behaviors, attitudes,
and professional conduct. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
1. Act professionally.
Identification of Work Ethics 2. Keep your personal life private.
1. Professionalism: range behaviors and attitudes 3. Do not steal.
that demonstrate integrity, reliability, and 4. Do not waste resources.
accountability in the workplace. 5. Sustainability of ethical behavior – HONESTY,
2.Integrity: Honesty, transparency, and ethical INTEGRITY and TRUSTHWORTHINESS
conduct in all professional interactions.
3.Responsibility: Entails taking ownership of one’s LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES
actions, fulfilling obligations, and meeting 1. POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
deadlines. 2. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY LAWS
4. Respect: treating others with dignity, empathy, 3. WORKERS RIGHTS
and considerations regardless of differences. 4. SAFETY LAWS
5. Teamwork: Collaborating effectively, and
sharing knowledge and resources. LABOR LEGISLATION RELATED TO THE
6. Adaptability: ability to adjust to changing TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN
circumstances, Embrace new challenges, and THE PHILIPPINES
demonstrate flexibility in response to evolving A) THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
work demands. B) BENEFITS, PRIVILEGES, POLICIES
7. Ethical Decision-Making: evaluating choices AFFECTING
and actions based on ethical principles, EMPLOYEES
organizational values, and consideration of 2. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
potential impact on stakeholders. 3. LABOR MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
4. MATERNITY AND PATERNITY LEAVES
EXAMPLE OF WORK ETHIICS 5. SERVICE CHARGES
1. Arriving to work on time and adhering to 6. EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
established work schedules. 7. DEATH BENEFITS
2. Demonstrating honesty and integrity in all 8. HEALTH BENEFITS
interactions, including reporting errors and 9. RETIREMENT
admitting mistakes. 10. SSS, PHILHEALTH, EMPLOYEES’
3. Fulfilling job responsibilities with diligence, COMPENSATION COMMISSION, AND PAG-IBIG
attention to detail, and a commitment to 11. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
excellence.