Assignment II

Power System-II

Fill in the blanks in the following:

1 The ability of a protective gear to operate with low value of actuating . (selectivity/sensitivity)
quantity is called its…………………….

2 The ability of a protective gear to operate under predetermined conditions (reliability/selectivity)

without fail is called its …………………….
The ability of a protective gear to select correctly the faulty section of the (selectivity/sensitivity)
3 power system and disconnects the same without disturbing the rest of the
system is called its…………………….

4 A short piece of wire connected in series with the circuit which melts when (relay/fuse)
excessive current flows through it is called………………..
5 A fuse is always connected in……….. with circuit to be protected (parallel/series)

6 A fuse element should have …………….melting point. (low/high)

7 The fuse wire having low melting point is an alloy of…………………. (tin & lead/nickle &
chromium)
The minimum value of current at which the fuse element melts is (rated current/fusing
8
called…………. current)

9 The fusing factor is always…………… then one. (less/more)

10 The approximate value of fusing current is given by the relation………

11 The maximum value of fault current actually reached before the fuse melts (prospective current/cut off
is called…………………….. current)
12 The maximum value of current which a fuse element can normally carry (fusing current/rated
without overheating or melting is called its …………………. current)
The quartz powder filled in an HRC fuse is for ………………. (quenching the are
13 quickly/protects the fuse
body to explode)

HRC stands for ……………………. (High Recovery

14 Charge/High Rupturing
Capacity)

15 Fusing current is…………than current carrying capacity of a fuse. (less/more)

A relay performs a function of..................... (an automatic switch/a

16
circuit breaker)

17 A relay whose operation depends upon the ratio of voltage to current is (differential
called………………. relay/impedance relay)
18 An induction type relay can be employed on ………………system only. (dc/ac)

19 An electromagnetic attraction type relay is employed on system (ac/both ac and dc)

A relay that operates when the vector difference of two or more similar (differential/distance)
20 quantities exceed a predetermined value is called…………… relay.

21 The minimum current in a relay coil at which the relay starts to operate is (fault current/pickup
called……………. current)
The ratio of fault current in relay coil to the pick-up value (PSM/current setting)
22
represents………….
 The basic purpose of earthing is to…………………… (protect the operator from
23 electric shock/protect the
appliance against damage)

24 For a good earthing system, the value of earth resistance should be……….. (very small below 1 ohm/of
any value below 50 ohm)
Arcing ground can be prevented by ………………. (keeping star point
25 open/connecting peterson
coil while earthing neutral
point at GS)

True/False: State whether the following statements are true of false :

1. Relay is a protective device.

2. Relay is an automatic switch which makes or breaks the contacts as per the designed
requirements.
3. A fuse element should have high melting point so that it may not melt at low currents.
4. The ability of a relay to operate under predetermined condition without fail is called its sensitivity.
5. An HRC fuse can not be used at 11 kV.
6. Rewirable fuses need almost no maintenance.
7. Rewirable fuses do not deteriorate with passage of time.
8. Earthing provides an easy path for the flow of earth fault current.
9. When short circuiting occurs between phase and neutral, earthing plays no part.
10. A fuse provides the same function as that of a relay and circuit breaker.
11. The element of a relay that responds to the change in magnitude or phase of the actuating quantity
is called comparing element.
12. A relay which operates due to magnetic effect by the current flowing through the relay coil is
called a thermal relay.
13. The relays in which the operation takes place after a definite time-lag which is independent of the
magnitude of operating quantity is called definite-time-lag relay.
14. In induction type relays, the current setting is obtained by adjusting the position of plug in the
plug bridge.
15. PSM is defined as the ratio of fault current in the relay coil to the pick-up current value.
16. A differential relay is one that operates when the vector difference of two or more electrical
quantities exceed a pre-determined value.
17. The element of a relay which compares the action of the actuating quantity with a pre-designed
relay setting is called comparing element.
18. The impedance relay do have directional feature.
19. In case of a rewirable fuse the arcing time is more than the total operating time.
20. The current rating and fusing current of a fusing element is one and the same thing.

Multi-choice questions. Select the correct answer in the following

1. The material used for fuse element is

(a) Silver (b) Copper (c) Tin-lead alloy (d) all of these
2. Which of the following statement is true
(a) When fault current is more, fuse melts earlier (b) When fault current is less, fuse melts earlier
(c) When fault current is less, fuse takes more time to melt. (d) both (a) and (c).
3. The material used for fuse must have
(a) low melting point and low specific resistance (b) low melting point and high specific resistance
(c) high melting point and low specific resistance. (d) low melting point with any specific resistance.
4. Fuses are used where relays and circuit breakers
(a) fail to interrupt heavy short circuit currents (b) are not available
(c) take more time to clear the fault (d) are not economically justified.
5. When round wire is used as a fuse element the approximate value of fusing current is given by:
(a) 1=√3 K (b) 1=Kd3
(c) 1= K√d3 (d) I= d√K3
6. In H.R.C. cartridge fuse, the filler material is:
(a) wood (b) iron filings (c) water (d) quarts
7. The basic purpose of earthing is that:
(a) it avoids faults (b) it allows the current to flow in the circuit
(c) it protects the human body from electric shock (d) it stops current to flow in the circuit.
8. When more than one equipment is to be earthed:
(a) parallel connections should invariably be used (b) series connections should invariably be used
(c) either (a) or (b)
9. A Peterson coil is basically a
(a) capacitor used for neutral earthing (b) inductance used for neutral earthing
(c) resistance used for neutral earthing. (d) any one of above.
10. Earth resistance is checked by the instrument called:
(a) Earth operator (b) Earth master (c) Earth tester (d) Earth connector.
11. For proper earthing, according to I.E. Rules, of heavy power equipment:
(a) single earthing is sufficient (b) double earthing system has to be adopted
(c) half earthing is sufficient. (d) none of these
12. The operating time of instantaneous relay is usually :
(a) One second (b) 0.01 second (c) of an order of few seconds (d) none of these
13. The three essential fundamental elements of all the relays are
(a) current element, voltage element and power element
(b) sensing element, comparing element and control element
(c) C.T., P.T. and trip coil circuit
(d) voltage, current and impedance
14. The differential relaying system responds to
(a) internal fault (b) external fault (c) over-voltage fault (d) under current fault
15. If fault occurs near the impedance relay, the V/I ratio will be:
(a) higher than that of if the fault occurs away from the relay.
(b) lower than that of if the fault occurs away from the relay.
(c) constant for all distances.
(d) none of above.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (Each carrying 2 marks)

1. Define a fuse.
2. Enumerate the advantages of a fuse in comparison to other protective devices (like circui breaker and relay).
3. Enumerate the disadvantages of a rewirable fuse.
4. Define the following terms related to fuse:
(i) current rating (iv) Prospective current (vii) Arcing time
(ii) Fusing current (v) cut-off current (viii) Breaking capacity.
(iii) Fusing factor (vi) Pre-arcing time
5. What is earthing?
6. What is purpose of earthing?
7. What is protective relay ?
8. Enumerate types of relays on the basis of construction and principle of operation.
9. Define differential relay.
10. Define plug-setting multiplier.
11. What do you understand by pick-up current of an induction type relay.
12. Define definite time lag relay.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Give the main features of a good protective device.
2. What is meant by a fuse ? Enlist the desirable properties of a fuse wire.
3. Write short note on rewirable fuse.
4. What are the limitations of a fuse ?
5. How does a fuse protect and maintain the life of an equipment?
6. Write short note on HRC fuse.
7. What are the factors on which the current carrying capacity of a fuse depends?
8. What are the fundamental elements of a relay?
9. What are the main features of a good protective relay? Give classification of relays.
10. What is a relay ? What functions does it perform? Define the pick-up current of a relay.
11. Draw a neat sketch of an induction type overcurrent relay and label the various parts.
12. With a neat sketch explain an impedance relay.
13. Explain the advantages of earthing of an equipment.
14. Explain difference between earth and neutral wire.