Faculty of Information Technology
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Laboratory work №2
Ohm’s law and it’s applications
Checked by: Amanzholova Raushan
Done by: Zhanpeis Zhiger
2023,Almaty
Laboratory work №2
Ohm’s law and it’s applications
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Figure 1. The V-I characteristics of linear resistors [2]
II. NI Multisim basics
NI Multisim is an electronic schematic capture and simulation program which is part of a suite of
circuit design programs, along with NI Ultiboard.
So, first register and create a new account at [Link].
Then this is the main layout of the program shown in Figure 2.
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Figure 2. The main layout and home screen of a NI Multisim
You can access the main toolbar shown in the left side of the layout.
To select the power supply sources, simply press the source icon shown in Figure 3 and then
choose the appropriate source.
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Figure 3. Sources toolbar
Whenever you want to access the passive elements such as resistors, you can press the
resistor icon and the passive elements window shown in Figure 4 will be appeared and then
select the appropriate value and type.
Figure 4. Passive elements toolbar
For circuit element measuremen, you can access the measurement devices toolbar shown
in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Measurements toolbar
To build the circuit, simply drag and drop the necessary circuit elements and connect them with
the connection wires, shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Building circuits in NI MultiSim
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After building your circuit, you can easily simulate to test the correctness of your manual
calculation and measure the appropriate electric variables by pressing the simulation button
shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Run the simulation
III. In-lab tasks
Task 1 (Voltage, circuit and power measurement). Build circuit below shown in Figure 8
and Figure 9 on your MultiSim breadboard. If you finish, ask instructor to check your circuit.
Get measurements of voltage and current on each element. Calculate the power on each element.
Which is active and which is passive?
Figure 8. Task 1 simple circuit with resistors in series
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For Resistor R1:
1. Calculate Current (I1): I1=V/R1 I1=5/1000 I1=0.005A
2. Calculate Power (P1): P1=V⋅I1 P1=5⋅0.005 P1=0.025Watt
For Resistor R2:
1. Calculate Current (I2): I2=V/ R2 I2=5/2000 I2=0.0025A
2. Calculate Power (P2): P2=V⋅I2 P2=5⋅0.0025 P2=0.0125Watt
Since this is a simple circuit with resistors in series, and there is no active
component like a battery or a voltage source other than the resistor network itself,
all elements (resistors) can be considered passive in this case.
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Figure 9. Task 1 simple circuit with resistors in parallel
Req1=1/R2+1/R3 Req1=1/200+1/100 1/Req=3/200
Req=200/3Ω
Rtotal=R1+Req Rtotal=100+200/3 Rtotal≈166.67Ω
I=Vs/Rtotal=12/166,67=0.072A I≈0.072A
P1=I2⋅R1 P1=(0.072)2⋅100 P1≈0.0521Watt
VR2=I2⋅R2 VR2=0.072⋅200 VR2≈14.4V
P2=I2⋅VR2 P2=0.072⋅14.4 ≈1.0368Watt
VR3=I3⋅R3 VR3=0.072⋅100 VR3≈7.2V
P3=I3⋅VR3 P3=0.072⋅7.2 P3≈0.5184Watt
Since this is a passive circuit (no active components like batteries or voltage
sources), all resistors are passive.
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Task 2 (Ohm’s law and it’s application):
1. Find equation for voltage across resistors shown in Figure 10 circuit. After you get
equation, substitute them 𝑅1 =1𝑘Ω,𝑅2 =1𝑘Ω and 𝑉𝑠 =10𝑉.
Rtotal=R1+R2=1000Ohm+1000Ohm=2000Ohm
I=V/R=10/2000=5*10^-3
V1=5V
V2=5V
Figure 10. Task 2 simple circuit with resistors in series for voltage calculation
2. Use KCL&KVL to get voltage across resistors in the following circuit shown in Figure
11. After you get equations, substitute them 𝑅1 =100𝑘𝛺,𝑅2 =200𝑘𝛺,𝑅3 =300𝑘𝛺 and 𝑉𝑠
=10𝑉.
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Figure 11. Task 2 circuit with resistors in parallel for voltage calculation
Circuit Analysis:
1. Apply KCL at the Node between R1, R2, and R3: I1=I2+I3
2. Apply KVL to the Loop with Vs, R1, and R2 (in series): Vs=I1⋅(R1+R2)
3. Apply KVL to the Loop with R2 and R3 (in parallel): I2⋅R2=I3⋅R3
Solving the Equations:
1. KCL Equation: I1=I2+I3
2. KVL Equation for the First Loop:10=I1⋅(100+200)
3. KVL Equation for the Second Loop (Parallel Branch):I2⋅200=I3⋅300
Solution:
1. KCL Equation:I1=I2+I3
2. KVL Equation for the First Loop:10=I1⋅300I1=10/300 I1=1/30
3. KVL Equation for the Second Loop (Parallel Branch):I2⋅200=I3⋅300 301⋅200=I3
⋅300 I3=2/3*1/30 I3=1/45
4. Calculate I2: I2=I1−I3 I2=1/30-1/45 I2=1/90
Calculate Voltages:
Now, use Ohm's Law to find the voltage across each resistor:
Voltage across R1: VR1=I1⋅R1
Voltage across R2: VR2=I2⋅R2
Voltage across R3: VR3=I3⋅R3
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Substitute the values:
VR1=1/30⋅100kΩ=100/30V=3.33V
VR2=1/90⋅200kΩ=200/90V=2.22V
VR3=1/45⋅300kΩ=300/45V=6.67V
3. Solve the Problem 2 (above) using Voltage Divider Law
Task 3.
a. Build circuit below shown in Figure 12 on your breadboard. If you finish, ask instructor
to check your circuit. Get measurements. 𝑅1 = 1𝑘Ω and 𝑅2 = 2𝑘Ω.
Figure 12. Task 3 circuit with resistors in series
Then fill the Table 1 below, by changing the source voltage and one-by-one measuring the
voltages and currents across each resistors.
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Table 1. Task 3 measurement table for problem a
Vs VR1 VR2 IR1 IR2
1V 0.33 0.67 0.33 0.33
3V 1 2 1 1
5V 1.66 3.33 1.66 1.66
7V 2.33 4.66 2.33 2.33
10V 3.33 6.66 3.33 3.33
15V 5 10 5 5
Draw line of 𝑽𝒔𝒗𝒔𝑰, 𝑽𝑹𝟏 𝒗𝒔𝑰𝑹𝟏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑽𝑹𝟐 𝒗𝒔𝑰𝑹𝟐 on the diagram below shown in Figure 13.
Choose appropriate scaling. What are the slopes of three lines?
I, mA
V,v
Figure 13. Coordinate axis for drawing the V-I characteristics of the resistor in the circuit
b. Build circuit below shown in Figure 14 on your breadboard. If you finish, ask instructor
to check your circuit. Get measurements. 𝑅2 = 100𝑘Ω and 𝑅3 = 200𝑘Ω. Fill the table by
voltage across 𝑅1.
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Figure 14. Task 3 circuit with resistors in parallel
Then fill the Table 2 below, by changing the source voltage and one-by-one measuring the
voltages and currents across each resistors.
Table 2. Task 3 measurement table for problem b
R1 1KOh 10 20KOh 50 100 200 300 500 1MOh
m KOh m KOh KOh KOh KOh KOh m
m m m m m m
Vs=5V 0.65 0.8 1.16 2.15 3 3.7 4 4.4 4.6
Vs=10 0.15 1.31 2.32 4.3 6 7.4 8.1 8.8 9.3
V
Vs=15 0.025 1.37 3.43 6.45 9 11.2 12.2 13.2 14
V
Draw lines 𝑹𝟏𝒗𝒔𝑽𝑹𝟏 for different 𝑽𝒔 on the diagram shown in Figure 15, and choose
appropriate scaling.
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Figure 15. Coordinate axis for drawing the V-I characteristics of the resistor in the circuit
c. Use circuit from problem 2, and fill the Table 3. 𝑉𝑠 = 5𝑉.
Table 3. Task 3 measurements for problem c
R1 1KOhm 10 20KOhm 50 100 200 300 500 1MOhm
KOhm KOhm KOhm KOhm KOhm KOhm
IR1 3.33 333.3 166.66 33.33 66.66 16.6 11.11 6.66 3.33
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IR2 1.66 166.6 83.33 16.66 33.33 8.33 5.55 3.33 1.66
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IR3 1.66 166.6 83.33 16.66 33.33 8.33 5.55 3.33 1.66
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REFERENCE
1. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY MANUAL (ECE-235 LAB). (n.d.).
2. Alexander, C. K., Sadiku, M. N. O., & Sadiku, A. (n.d.). Electric Circuits FiFth Edition.
[Link]/alexander.
3. [Link]
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