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Q 1. Convert the following to logarithmic form :

(i) 104 = 10000 (ii) 3-5 = x (iii) (0.3)3 = 0.027
1. (i) 4 (ii) -5 (iii) 3
Q 2. Convert the following to exponential form :
5
(i) log3 81 = 4 (ii) log8 32 = (iii) log10 (0.1) = -1
3
2. (i) 81 (ii) 32 (iii) 0.1
Q 3. By converting to exponential form, find the values of following :
1
(i) log2 16 (ii) log3 (iii) log5 0.008
3
3. (i) 4 (ii) -1 (iii) -3
Q 4. Solve the following for x :
(i) logx 243 = -5 (ii) log 5
x=4 (iii) log x 8 = 6

1
4. (i) (ii) 25 (iii) 2
3
Exercise 1.1
Q 1. Convert the following to logarithmic form :
(i) 52 = 25 (ii) a5 = 64 (iii) 7x = 100 (iv) 90 = 1
1
(v) 61 = 6 (vi) 3-2 = (vii)( 10-2 = 0.01 (viii) (81)3/4 = 27
9
(ix) bx = c (x) 3
27 = 3
Q 2. Convert the following into exponential form :
1 2
(i) log2 32 = 5 (ii) log3 81 = 4 (iii) log3 = −1 (iv) log8 4 =
3 3
5
(v) log8 32 = (vi) log10(0.001) = -3 (vii) m = logp n (viii) log2 0.25 = -2
3
 1
(ix) loga   = −1
a
Q 3. Find the values of :
(i) log2 32 (ii) log5 125 (iii) log4 8 (iv) log9 27
1
(v) log 2 16 (vi) log7 (vii) log0.5 256 (viii) log2 0.25
7
1 1
(ix) log1/ 2 (x) log3 (xi) log81 9 (xii) log0.3 1
16 27
(xiii) log 100 (xiv) log 1000 (xv) log 0.001
Q 4. Solve for x the following equations :
1
(i) log3 x = 2 (ii) logx 25 = 2 (iii) log10 x = -2 (iv) log4 x =
2
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1
(v) logx 11 = 1 (vi) logx = -1 (vii) log 5 x = 2 (viii) logx 0.001 = -3
4
3
(ix) log 3 (x + 1) = 2 (x) log4 (2x + 3) = (xi) log3 2 x = 3 (xii) log2 (x2 – 1) = 3
2
1
(xiii) log x = -1 (xiv) log (2x – 3) = 1 (xv) log x = 0,
2
Answers
1. (i) log5 25 = 2 (ii) loga 64 = 5 (iii) log7 100 = x (iv) log9 1 = 0 (v) log6 6 = 1
1 3 1
(vi) log3 = −2 (vii) log10 0.01 = −2 (viii) log81 27 = (ix) logb c = x (x) log27 3 =
9 4 3
1
2. (i) 25 = 32 (ii) 34 = 81 (iii) 3−1 = (iv) 82 / 3 = 4 (v) 85 / 3 = 32
3
1
(vi) 10−3 = 0.001 (vii) pm = n (viii) 82 / 3 = 4 (ix) a−1 =
a
3 3
3. (i) 5 (ii) 3 (iii) (iv) (v) 8
2 2
(vi) −1 (vii) −8 (viii) −2 (ix) 4 (x) −3
1
(xi) ` (xii) 0 (xiii) 2 (xiv) 3 (xv) −3
2
4. (i) 9 (ii) 5 (iii) 0.01 (iv) 2 (v) 11
5
(vi) 4 (vii) 5 (viii) 10 (ix) 2 (x)
2
1 1
(xi) 2 (xii) 3 (xiii) (xiv) 6 (xv) 1, 10
10 2
a2 c
Q 1. (i) Express log10 in terms of log a, log b, log c.
b
(ii) Without using logarithm table, evaluate 3 + log10 (0.01).
1
(iii) Express as single logarithm, 2 + log10 9 – 2 log10 5.
2
(iv) If 3 log m + 2 log 3
n - 1 = 0, find the value of m9 n4.
1
1. (i) 2 log10 a - log10 b + log10 c (ii) 1 (iii) log10 12 (iv) 106
2
Q 2. Rewrite each expression so that there is no logarithm of products, quotients or powers
(i) log5(x2 + 3)1/2 (ii) log9 (x – 1)/x2 (iii) l n [2t (3 + t)]
1
2. (i)log5 (x2 + 3) (ii) log9 (x – 1) – 2 log9 x (iii) ln 2 + lnt + ln(3 + t)
2
Q 3. Express as single logarithm :
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1 1
(i) log6(x + 7) – 2 log6 2x (ii) log t + log 45 (iii) 2 log 3 - log 16 + log 12
3 2
 x +7
3. (i) log6  2 
(ii) log(45 t1/3) (iii) log 27
 4x 
Q 4. Simplify the following :
log3 8
(i) (ii) ( x )4logx a (iii) log (log x2) – log (log x)
log9 16log4 10
(iv) logb a . logc b . loga c (v) log2 (log2 (log2 16)) (vi) 3−1/ 2log
3 9

1
4. (i) 3 log10 2 (ii) a2 (iii) log 2 (iv) 1 (v) 1 (vi)
3
Q 5. (i) Given that loge (x4 y) = a and loge (x2 y2) = b, find loge y in terms of a and b.
a − 2b
(ii) If a = log12 m and b = log18 m, then prove that = log3 2 .
b − 2a
2b − a
5. (i)
6
1 1 1 1
Q 6. Show that + + ..... + =
log2 n log3 n log43 n log 43 n

Q 7. Prove that xlogy −logz  ylogz−logx  zlogx −logy = 1.

loga logb logc
Q 8. (i) If = = , prove that aa . bb . cc = 1.
b−c c −a a −b
loga n
(ii) Show that = 1 + loga b .
logab n
(iii) If a2 + b2 = 7 ab, show that 2 log (a + b) = log 9 + log a + log b.
1 1 1
Q 9. If a logx yz, b = logy zx and c = logz xy, then prove that + + = 1.
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c
Q 10. If a = log12 18 and b = log24 54, then show that ab + 5 (a – b) = 1.
Q 11. Solve for x :
(i) log (x – 9) + log x = 1 (ii) log10 5 + log10 (5x + 1) = log10 (x + 5) + 1
(iii) log2 (log3 x) = 4
11. (i) x = 10 (ii) x = 3 (iii) x = 3 16
Q 12. Find the value of x if 5log x – 3 log x – 1 = 3logx + 1 – 5log x-1.
12. x = 100
Q 13. Solve for x :
21 1
(i) log2 x + log4 x + log16 x = (ii) log5(51/x + 125) = log56 + 1 + .
4 2x
1 1
13. (i) 8 (ii) or
2 4
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Q 14. Prove that log2 3 is an irrational number.
Exercise 1.2
Q 1. Show that log (1 + 2 + 3) = log 1 + log 2 + log 3 but
log (2 + 3 + 4)  log 2 + log 3 + log 4.
a2 b2 c2
Q 2. (i) Show that log + log + log = 0.
bc ac ab
1 1
(ii) If x2 + y2 = 23xy, show that log (x + y) = (log x + log y).
5 2
(iii) If a + b = 0 but a + b  0, show that x = y.
3 3

x+y 1
(iv) If log = (log x + log y), show that x = y.
2 2
log x log y y4
(v) if = , find the value of 6 .
2 3 x
Q 3. (i) Given that log10 y + 2 log10 = 2, express y in terms of x.
(ii) Express log10 2 + 1 in the form log10 x.
 10x 
(iii) Given that log x = m + n and log y = m – n, express the value of log  2  in terms of m and
 y 
n.
log x log y 2 log9
(iv) If = = , find x and y.
log5 log2 1
log
3
(v) Prove that log10 4 ÷ log10 2 = log3 9.
Q 4. Rewrite the following so that there are no logarithms of products, power or quotients :
(i) ln (x3 ex) (ii) ln x (iii) l n e2x (iv) ln ( x e4x)
(v) l n [(x2 – 1)/(x – 1)2], x > 1
Q 5. Evaluate the following :
(i) log4 log3 81 (ii) log tan (0.25 ) (iii) log6 216 6 (iv) 2−1/ 3log2 64
1
(v) log(10  3 10) (vi) 2log10 5 + log10 8 - log10 4
2
16 25 81 log9 − log3
(vii) log10 2 + 16 log10 + 12 log10 + 7 log10 (viii) log81 27 (ix)
15 24 80 log27
Q 6. Express as single logarithm :
1 16 25 81
(i) log25 − 2log3 + 1 (ii) 7log + 5log + 3log
2 15 24 80
Q 7. Prove the following identities :
1 1 1
(i) + + =1 (ii) logb a . logc b . logd c = logd a
loga abc logb abc logc abc
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log x log y logz
Q 8. If x, y, z are three distinct positive numbers and = = , then find the value of xyz.
y−z z−x x−y
Q 9. If a = 1 + logx yz, b = 1 + logy zx and c = 1 + logz xy, then show that ab + bc + ca = abc.
Q 10. If a = log24 12, b = log36 24 and c = log48 36, then prove that 1 + abc = 2bc.
1 1 1
Q 11. Given that loga x = ,logb x = ,logc x = , find logabc x.
  
Q 12. Solve for x :
(i) log(x2 – 3x + 3) = 0 (ii) logx 3 + logx9 + logx 729 = 9
(iii) log(x – 1) + log (x + 4) = log (3x + 5) (iv) 2 log 2x = log (x + 3)
(v) log3 (3 + x) + log3 (8 – x) – log3 (9x – 8) = 2 – log3 9
(vi) 3log x – 2log x = 2log x + 1 – 3log x – 1
Q 13. Prove that log2 7 is irrational.
Answers
100 1 1
1. (v) 1 3. (i) (ii) log10 20 (iii) 1 − m + 3n (iv) x = ,y = 
x2 25 2
1 1
4. (i) x + 2ln x (ii) ln x (iii) 2x (iv) 4x + ln x (v) ln(x + 1) − ln(x − 1)
2 2
1 1 2 3 1
5. (i) 1 (ii) 0 (iii) 3 (iv) (v) (vi) 2 (vii) 1 (viii) (ix)
2 4 3 4 3
50 1
6. (I) log (ii) log2 8. 1 11. 12. (i) 1,2 (ii) 3 (iii) 3
9 ++ 
(iv) 1 (v) 4 (vi) 100

Q 1. Given that 3 log10 (x2 y) = 4 + 2 log10 x – log10 y where x and y are both positive, express y in
terms of x. If x – y = 2 6 , find the value of x and y.
1. x = 4 + 6 and y = 4 - 6
x y z 2
Q 2. If a = b = c and y = zx, prove that logb a = logc b.
 1
23
log
 
Q 3. Evaluate : (0.5) .
3. 9
Q 4. If x > 1, find the minimum value of 2 log10 x – logx 0.01.
4. 4
Q 5. Solve : 4log 9 3
+ 9log2 4 = 10logx 83
5. x = 10
 1
2  x +  log10 25
Q 6. Solve for x : 53x log10 2
= 2 2

1
6. 1, −
3
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Exercise 1.3
Q 1. If x = log2a a, y = log3a 2a and z = log4a 3a, prove that 1 + xyz = 2yz.
Q 2. If a, b, c are the sides of a right angled triangle with a > b > c and a + b  a – b  1, then prove
that loga+b c + loga – b c = 2 loga + b c loga – b c.
 
Q 3. Show that log2 log2  ..... 2  = -n, there being n square root signs on the left hand side.
 
log x log y log z
Q 4. If = = , then prove that xq+r yr+p zp+q = xpyqzr.
q−r r −p p−q
x(y + z − x) y(z + x − y) z(x + y − z)
Q 5. Ifg = = , prove that xyyx = zyyz = xzzx.
log x log y logz
Q 6. If a, b, c are distinct positive real numbers each different from a such that (log b a logc a – loga a) +
(loga b logc b – logb b) + (loga c logb c – logc c) = 0, then prove that abc = 1.
Q 7. = 3klog10 2 , then find k.
If 2log10 3 3

Q 8. Prove that log418 is irrational.

Chapter Test
Q 1. True or False ?
1
(i) log5 5 = (ii) log x3 = log 3x (iii) logb a = c means that ba = c
2
(iv) log10 10 + log10 100 + log10 1000 = 6.
3
Q 2. (i) Convert 8 = 2 to logarithmic form.
(ii) Convert log2 2
8 = 2 to exponential form.

(iii) Evaluate log64 512. (iv) Evaluate 16log 4 5

Q 3. Solve for x :
1 1
(i) 100 = 50 e-x (ii) = 22x −1 (iii) ln (2x + 5) = 0 (iv) logx 6 =
4 3
 x 2 − 4x 
(v) log x – log (x + 1) = -1 (vi) log  =0 (vii) x log2 3 = log10 3
 4 
Q 4. Solve for x:
(i) log6(x – 2)(x + 3) = 1 (ii) log6(x – 2) + log6(x + 3) = 1
Q 5. (i) If a2 + b2 = 7 ab, prove that 2 log (a – b) = log 5 + log a + log b.
(ii) Prove that 3log 4 = 4log 3.
x−y 1
(iv) if log = (log x + log y) prove that x2 + y2 = 6xy.
2 2
(v) If p = log10 20 and q = log10 25, find the value of x if 2 log10 (x + 1) = 2p – q.
x
(vi) Solve log10(x2 y3) = 7 and log10   = 1 .
y
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Q 6. Arrange in ascending order
(i) log2 5, log3 5, log45, log5 5 (ii) log5 2, log5 3, log54, log5 5

Answers
1. (i) T (ii) F (iii) F (iv) T
1 1
2. (i) log8 2 = (ii) (2 2)2 = 8 (iii) 1 (iv) 25
3 2
1 1
3. (i) − ln2 (ii) − (iii) −2 (iv) 216 (v) (vi) 2  2 2 (vii) log10 2
2 9
4. (i) 3, −4 (ii) 3 5. (v) 3 (vi) x = 100, y = 10
6. (i) log5 5,log4 5,log3 5,log2 5 (ii) log5 2,log5 3,log5 4log5 5