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Solidification Sheet

The document provides 10 solidification questions related to nucleation, critical radius, activation free energy, fraction of solidification, temperature at nucleation, Chvorinov's rule, and secondary dendrite arm spacing. It includes calculations involving cube and sphere geometries, lattice parameters, specific heat, and mold constants.

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98 views2 pages

Solidification Sheet

The document provides 10 solidification questions related to nucleation, critical radius, activation free energy, fraction of solidification, temperature at nucleation, Chvorinov's rule, and secondary dendrite arm spacing. It includes calculations involving cube and sphere geometries, lattice parameters, specific heat, and mold constants.

Uploaded by

az7303782
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solidification Sheet

1. Name the two stages involved in the formation of particles of a new phase. Briefly describe
each.

2. (a) Rewrite the expression for the total free energy change for nucleation for the case of a
cubic nucleus of edge length “a” (instead of a sphere of radius “r” ). Now differentiate this
expression with respect to “a” and solve for both the critical cube edge length, a*, and also
∆G*.
(b) Is ∆G* greater for a cube or a sphere? Why?

3. If copper (which has a melting point of 1085°C) homogeneously nucleates at 849°C,


calculate the critical radius given values of -1.77x109 J/m3 and 0.200 J/m2, respectively, for
the latent heat of fusion and the surface free energy.

4. (a) For the solidification of iron, calculate the critical radius r* and the activation free energy
∆G* if nucleation is homogeneous. Values for the latent heat of fusion and surface free
energy are -1.85x109 J/m3 and 0.204 J/m2, respectively. Use the supercooling value of 295°C.
(b) Now calculate the number of atoms found in a nucleus of critical size. Assume a lattice
parameter of 0.292 nm for solid iron at its melting temperature.

5. Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when silver nucleates
(a) at 10°C undercooling;
(b) at 100°C undercooling; and
(c) homogeneously.
The specific heat of silver is 3.25 J/(cm3.°C).

6. Analysis of a nickel casting suggests that 28% of the solidification process occurred in a
dendritic manner. Calculate the temperature at which nucleation occurred. The specific heat
of nickel is 4.1 J/(cm3.°C).

7. Find the mold constant B and exponent n in Chvorinov’s rule using the following data and a
log–log plot.
8. A 2 in. cube solidifies in 4.6 min. Assume n = 2. Calculate (a) the mold constant in
Chvorinov’s rule and (b) the solidification time for a (0.5 in.× 0.5 in. × 6 in.) bar cast under
the same conditions.

9. A 5-cm-diameter sphere solidifies in 1050 s. Calculate the solidification time for a (0.3 cm ×
10 cm × 20 cm) plate cast under the same conditions. Assume that n = 2.

10. An aluminum alloy plate with dimensions (20 cm×10 cm×2 cm) needs to be cast with a
secondary dendrite arm spacing of 10-2 cm. What mold constant B is required (assume n =
2)?

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