The National AIDS Control Programme has a strong focus on district level planning,

implementation and monitoring of interventions for prevention and control of HIV. The
Programme is generating a rich evidence base on HIV/AIDS through a robust and expanded
HIV Sentinel Surveillance system, monthly reporting from programme units, mapping and
size estimations, behavioural surveys as well as several studies, research projects and
evaluations.

In this context of increased availability of data and the requirement of decentralized planning
at the district level, a project titled “Epidemiological Profiling of HIV/AIDS Situation at District
and Sub-district Level using Data Triangulation” was undertaken by the Department of AIDS
Control in 25 states (539 districts). The objective of this exercise was to develop district HIV/
AIDS epidemic profiles, by consolidating all the available information for a district at one
place and drawing meaningful inferences using Data Triangulation approaches.

This technical document is an outcome of the data triangulation process and consists of
a snapshot on the district background, and on the HIV epidemic profile of each district
based on the available updated information, thereby giving an overview of the HIV epidemic
scenario in each of the districts of the State.

This document would be useful for the HIV programme managers and policy makers at all
levels to help in decision making, as well as for researchers and academicians as a quick
reference guide to the HIV/AIDS situation in the districts.

India’s voice against AIDS

Department of AIDS Control
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
6th & 9th floors, Chandralok Building, 36 Janpath, New Delhi-110001 India’s voice against AIDS
www.naco.gov.in Department of AIDS Control
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
6th & 9th floors, Chandralok Building, 36 Janpath, New Delhi-110001
www.naco.gov.in
 CONTRIBUTORS
Department of AIDS Control

Dr S. Venkatesh
Deputy Director General (M&E)

Dr Yujwal Raj Dr Chinmoyee Das

NPO (Strategic Information) Epidemiologist

Dr Pradeep Kumar Mr Ugra Mohan Jha

Programme Officer (Surveillance) Programme Officer (Statistics)

Mr Ananta Basudev Sahu Dr Mohan Kumar

Programme Officer (M & E) EIS Officer

Published with support of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
under Cooperative Agreement No. 3u2gps001955 implemented by Fhi 360
District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles
developed through Data Triangulation

Fact Sheets
ODISHA

India’s voice against AIDS

Department of AIDS Control
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
6th & 9th floors, Chandralok Building, 36 Janpath, New Delhi-110001
www.naco.gov.in
November 2013
 FOREWORD
The national response to HIV/AIDS in India over the last decade has yielded encouraging outcomes in terms of
prevention and control of HIV. However, in recent years, while declining HIV trends are evident at the national level
as well as in most of the States, some low prevalence and vulnerable States have shown rising trends, warranting
focused prevention efforts in specific areas.

The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) is strongly evidence-based and evidence-driven. Based on evidence
from ‘Triangulation of Data’ from multiple sources and giving due weightage to vulnerability, the organizational
structure of NACP has been decentralized to identified districts for priority attention.

The programme has been successful in creating a robust database on HIV/AIDS through the HIV Sentinel Surveillance
system, monthly programme data reporting formats and various research studies. However, the district level focus of
the programme demands consolidated information that helps better understand HIV/AIDS scenario in each district,
to enable effective targeting of prevention and treatment interventions to the vulnerable population groups and
geographic areas.

Information collected and analysed during the extensive data triangulation exercise conducted during 2009-10
and 2010-11 and updated data from recent years has been the basis for this technical document on District HIV
Epidemiological Profiling. For each district it consists of a brief narrative report on the district background, the HIV/
AIDS epidemic profile of the district based on the updated information compiled from all the available sources, and
key recommendations based on the identified information gaps and areas for programme interventions. I strongly feel
that this document will be highly useful for programme managers at district, State and national levels.

I congratulate the efforts made by the National Technical Team, the State AIDS Control Societies, the State Coordinating
Agencies and all the district level personnel involved in the process. The support provided by UNAIDS, BMGF, PHFI,
USAID, CDC, FHI 360 & WHO is highly valued and appreciated. I commend Dr. S. Venkatesh, Deputy Director General
(M&E), Department of AIDS Control and the officers of the Strategic Information Management Unit for coordinating
the process and finalizing the district factsheets.

Lov Verma

iii
Aradhana Johri, IAS
Additional Secretary
Department of AIDS Control, NACO, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India

PREFACE
The National AIDS Control Programme, in its different phases, has shifted its focus from national response to a
more decentralised response to HIV/AIDS, and there is a strong focus on district level planning, implementation and
monitoring of interventions for prevention and control of HIV. The programme is currently generating rich evidence-
based data on HIV/AIDS through a robust and expanded HIV Sentinel Surveillance system, monthly reporting from
over 15,000 programme units, mapping & size estimations, behavioural surveys as well as several studies, research
projects and evaluations.

In this context of the focus on decentralized planning and also increased availability of data, the Department of
AIDS Control had undertaken, for the first time, a project titled “Epidemiological profiling of HIV/AIDS situation at
District and Sub-district levels using Data Triangulation”. This exercise was conducted in two phases in 25 states
(539 districts) with the objective of developing individual District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles by using the Data
Triangulation approach. Triangulation of the available information, namely Epidemiological data, Programme data
and District Vulnerabilities data, into a meaningful framework helps to explain and improve the understanding of HIV/
AIDS scenario in the district.

The major outcomes of this exercise were systematic compilation of the available data for a district at one place,
identification of information gaps for effective strategic planning at district level, and development of a framework
for re-prioritisation of districts under the programme. The other key achievements were institutional strengthening,
capacity building of programme staff in data analysis and data use, and involvement and ownership of staff of service
delivery units in the entire process.

This technical document is a compilation of the HIV epidemic scenario in thirty districts of Odisha. Each district profile
consists of a snapshot on the district background, the HIV epidemic scenario based on the updated available information
on HIV Sentinel Surveillance, monthly programme data and key vulnerability factors, and the key recommendations to
provide direction for future action. This document would be useful to a wide audience including the HIV programme
managers and policy makers at all levels, as well as for researchers and academicians as a quick reference guide to
the HIV/AIDS scenario in the districts.

Aradhana Johri

v
 Acknowledgement
Under the ‘District Epidemiological Profiling’ project, the Department of AIDS Control (DAC) had undertaken a
systematic compilation of all the available data for 539 districts of the country from multiple sources, including
surveillance data and programme data, to derive meaningful inferences. This document is an outcome of the Data
Triangulation approach and provides the district-wise HIV epidemic summary of programme response for the State.

This enormous task would not have been possible without the involvement and ownership of district level programme
managers and staff of service delivery units. The contributions of the District AIDS Prevention and Control Unit teams
(Programme Managers, M&E Officers), ICTC Supervisors, Counselors, Targeted Intervention staff, ART Research
Officers, NRHM District Programme Officers and others who were actively involved in the entire process, are highly
appreciated.

The collaborative effort of the State Coordinating Agencies and the State AIDS Control Societies (SACS) involved
in identifying programme questions, performing quality checks and data validation, preparation of data tables and
compiling data for development of district profile reports, is sincerely acknowledged. I express my gratitude and
appreciation to the Deputy Director (M&E), State Epidemiologists and M&E Officers who implemented this exercise
under the guidance and leadership of the Project Directors and Additional Project Directors of the SACS.

I commend the efforts made by the National Technical Team members who developed guidelines and tools for
undertaking this project, and the teams involved in finalizing the database for each district and in preparing the
district factsheets.

The active support provided by our partner agencies UNAIDS, USAID, BMGF and PHFI for this exercise is gratefully
acknowledged. Special thanks to the officers from CDC, FHI-360, WHO and the Strategic Information Management
Unit team at DAC for their relentless efforts in finalizing the individual district database and factsheets.

Dr. S. Venkatesh
Deputy Director General (M&E)
Department of AIDS Control
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Govenment of India

vi
vii
Acronyms
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ANC Antenatal Clinic
ART Anti-Retroviral Therapy
BSS Behavioral Surveillance Survey
CCC Community Care Centre
CMIS Computerised Management Information System
DEP District Epidemiological Profile
DIC Drop-in-Centre
DLHS District Level Health Survey
DLN District Level Network for HIV positive people
FSW Female Sex Workers
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HRG High Risk Group
HSS HIV Sentinel Surveillance
IBBA Integrated Biological and Behavioral Assessment
IBBS Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey
ICTC Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre
IDU Injecting Drug Users
IEC Information Education & Communication
LAC Link ART Centre
MSM Men who have Sex with Men
NACO National AIDS Control Organisation
NACP National AIDS Control Programme
NFHS National Family Health Survey
PLHIV People Living with HIV
PPTCT Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission
RRC Red Ribbon Club
RTI Reproductive Tract Infection
SACS State AIDS Control Society
SCA State Coordinating Agency
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease
STI Sexually Transmitted Infection
TB Tuberculosis
TI Targeted Interventions

viii
Glossary
1. ART Centre: Free first line and second line Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) is provided to clinically eligible PLHIV at
designated centres across the country. As soon as the persons are detected to be HIV positive at ICTC, they are referred
to the ART centre for pre-ART registration. At the time of registration, all the baseline investigations are done including
CD4 count. If these persons are clinically eligible for treatment, they are started on first line ART. Otherwise, PLHIV
are followed up every six months for CD4 count. The number of PLHIV on ART mentioned in the document refers to
those on first line ART at NACO-supported ART centres. Another 30,000 PLHIV are estimated to be receiving ART in
the private sector.
2. Blood Safety: Under the Blood Safety programme, Blood Banks across the country are supported by NACO and
voluntary blood donation is strongly promoted to ensure that every blood unit collected is screened and is free from
HIV and other infections.
3. Community Care Centres (CCC): CCC have been set up in the non-government sector with the objective of
providing PLHIV with psychosocial support, counseling for drug adherence and nutrition, treatment of opportunistic
infections, home-based care, referral and outreach services for follow up, besides tracing patients lost to follow up and
those missing anti-retroviral drugs as per schedule.
4. Condom Promotion: The condom promotion strategy under NACP focuses on two aspects: ensuring availability
of and creating demand for condoms. There are two channels of condom supply by the Government, namely free
and socially marketed. Under the programme, free condoms are distributed to High Risk Groups through TI projects
and service delivery outlets such as ICTCs, STI clinics, etc. Under the Targeted Condom Social Marketing Programme,
condoms are provided at subsidized rates for HRG as well as general population through traditional and non-traditional
condom outlets, rural outlets, and outlets at TIs and truck halt points.
5. Core Composite TI: Targeted Interventions providing HIV prevention services to more than one High Risk Group.
6. Counseling and Testing Services: Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) is a place where a person
is counseled and tested for HIV on his/her own volition (Client-Initiated) or as advised by a health service provider
(Provider-Initiated) in a supportive and confidential environment. These centres are the entry points for reinforcing
HIV prevention messages and linking HIV positive people to HIV care, support and treatment services. There are
several contexts for providing HIV testing services - voluntary counseling and testing, prevention of parent to child
transmission, screening of TB patients and diagnostic testing of symptomatic patients.
7. Drop-in-Centre (DIC): DIC is a platform to provide PLHIV psycho-social support, linkages with services counseling
on drug adherence, nutrition, livelihood and legal issues. They have been set up in the high prevalent districts and are
managed primarily by PLHIV networks.
8. High Risk Groups (HRG): Populations with high risk behaviour for contracting HIV, include Female Sex Workers
(FSW), Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Injecting Drug Users (IDU). The other risk groups identified as Bridge
Population (between the General population and HRG) include the Single Male Migrants and Long Distance Truckers.
9. Link ART Centres: In order to facilitate the delivery of ART services nearer to the homes of beneficiaries, the Link ART
Centres (LAC), located mainly at ICTC in the District/Sub-district level hospitals, were set up and linked to nodal ART
centres within accessible distance.

ix
10. PLHIV Networks: Networks of HIV positive persons have been formed at the national, state and district levels. Such
networks act as platforms for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) to share their concerns, and seek support and legal
aid. They address stigma and discrimination-related cases among their members and also provide social support for
those isolated by their family and community. The networks are encouraged to advocate and promote the utilisation
of HIV related services.
11. Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT): Mother to child transmission of HIV may take place during
pregnancy, during childbirth or through breast feeding. To prevent this, under the PPTCT programme every pregnant
woman visiting antenatal clinics or visiting hospital at the time of delivery is tested for HIV infection. A pregnant
woman found positive for HIV infection is closely followed up to ensure institutional delivery. At the time of delivery, the
pregnant woman and the new-born baby are given a single dose of Nevirapine to prevent mother to child transmission
of HIV.
12. Red Ribbon Clubs: Red Ribbon Clubs (RRC) formed in colleges provide a forum for students to come together to
share information on HIV/AIDS and safe behaviours, to discuss related issues and also motivate them to participate in
voluntary blood donation.
13. STI/RTI Services: Sexually Transmitted Infections/Reproductive Tract Infections increase the risk of HIV transmission
significantly. STI/RTI services are aimed at preventing HIV transmission and promoting sexual and reproductive health
under the National AIDS Control Programme and the Reproductive and Child Health programme of the National Rural
Health Mission (NRHM).
14. Targeted Intervention: Targeted Interventions (TI) are peer-led preventive interventions focused on HRG and bridge
populations, implemented by Non-Government Organisations and Community-based Organisations in a defined
geographic area. They provide prevention services such as behavioural change communication, condom distribution,
STI/RTI services, needle and syringe exchange, Opioid substitution therapy, referrals and linkages to health facilities
providing HIV/AIDS services, community mobilisation and creating enabling environment.

x
Introduction
The National AIDS Control Programme under the Department of AIDS Control has a strong focus on district level
planning, implementation and monitoring of interventions for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. This approach requires
consolidated information for each district to understand the HIV epidemic scenario and to identify programme areas for
priority attention.

During the past few years, greater information related to HIV has become available for a substantial number of districts in
the country in the form of monthly programme reports, mapping and size estimations of risk groups, data from HIV Sentinel
Surveillance, behavioural surveys research studies, and etc.

In view of this context, the Department of AIDS Control had undertaken a project titled “Epidemiological Profiling of HIV/
AIDS Situation at District and Sub-district Level using Data Triangulation”/“District Epidemiological Profiling (DEP)” in 25
states (539 districts) in two phases during 2009-10 and 2010-11.

The exercise of District Epidemiological Profiling involved two broad components – Descriptive Analysis and Data
Triangulation. The former part is guided by thematic areas and describes the ‘what, who, when & where’ of the HIV
epidemic, while the latter ‘Triangulation’ part explains the ‘how and why’ of it by synthesizing data from multiple sources
into a meaningful framework. The available epidemiological data, behavioural/ vulnerability data and programme data for
the district level were compiled and analysed to get a comprehensive picture of the HIV/AIDS epidemic scenario, in order
to guide programme decisions appropriately in each district.

The important outcomes of the District Epidemiological Profiling exercise included the generation of reports describing the
HIV profile and programme response in each district, identification of information gaps for planning strategic information
activities, capacity building of district level personnel in data management, institutional strengthening and fostering linkages
between programme units and academic institutions for addressing strategic information needs in the programme.

This technical document consists of the epidemiological profile summary along with the available updated information
for each district of the State. Each district summary highlights the key epidemiological features of the district and key
recommendations based on these findings. The document would be useful to programme managers, academicians and
researchers as a quick reference for the HIV/AIDS situation in a district.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 1

Methodology
Framework of District Epidemiological Profiling (DEP): DEP has two broad components – Descriptive Analysis and
Data Triangulation.

Table 1: Components of District Epidemiological Profiling

Components
Guiding
of District What it Does? Action To Do Output
Elements
Profiling
Descriptive Describes Themes Analyse Data & Descriptive Section of
Analysis (What? Who? When? Describe the Themes District Report
Where?)
Triangulation Explains Questions Triangulate Data & Synthesis Section of
(How? Why?) Answer the Questions District Report

Descriptive analysis of different datasets is organized into the following four thematic areas (Fig. 1):
1. Current state of HIV epidemic (levels, trends, differentials and burden of HIV; profile of PLHIV)
2. Drivers of the epidemic (size and profile of risk groups; vulnerabilities – STI, risk behaviour, Migration, contextual
factors/regional vulnerabilities)
3. Programme response and gaps
4. Information gaps
Drivers of Programme
Epidemic Response &
Gaps

Current
Information
State of
Gaps
Epidemic District
Profile

Fig. 1: Thematic Areas of District Profiling

Epidemiological Framework of HIV/AIDS Scenario in the District

Data Triangulation may be of information on same data element from different data sources or of information on
different data elements. Triangulation may be done in the time plane or geographical plane.Triangulation synthesizes
the data on the following three elements to explain the inferences arrived at in the descriptive analysis and provides
answers to the programmatic questions.
1. Information on HIV and STIs in different population groups (epidemiological data)
2. Information on vulnerabilities (mapping and behavioural data on Risk Groups, district vulnerabilities)
3. Information on programme response (programme data)

2 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

Concept of Data Triangulation: Data Triangulation is an Analytical Approach that synthesizes data from multiple
sources to improve the understanding of a public health issue and guide programmatic decision-making to address the
issue (Fig. 2). By putting different bits of information from different sources into a meaningful framework, it explains and
improves the understanding of HIV/AIDS scenario in the district. By providing answers to vital programme questions,
it helps in taking effective decisions for planning and implementation of HIV prevention and control efforts. It helps to
understand the gap between need and programme response and also helps to identify the information gaps that hinder
effective planning.

HIV & STIs

in Different
Groups

TRIANGULATION

Size &
Vulnerability Programme
of Risk Response
Groups
Fig. 2: Conceptual Framework of Data Triangulation
Synthesis of Epidemiological, Behavioural and Programme Data

The basic principle of Data Triangulation is “to analyse and interpret a dataset in the light of information emerging from
other datasets, so that the synthesis offers a better understanding of the issues than what will be inferred from a single
dataset.” Triangulation involves compilation, examination, comparison and collective interpretation of data from
multiple independent data sources, followed by reasonable explanation of facts pertaining to the issue under consideration
(Fig. 3). The explanation is aimed towards developing a comprehensive picture of the issue, building an epidemiological
framework that depicts the possible interplay among various factors and answering some pre-specified questions.

Fig. 3: Schematic representation of processes involved in Data Triangulation

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 3

Other key features of the process of Data Triangulation are as follow:
1. It gives importance to every bit of information
2. It helps overcome limitations and biases inherent in each dataset
3. It adds value to each dataset and improves their utility
4. It gives high importance to quality analysis of data and undertakes thorough quality checks and validation
5. Indicates the level of reliability in any inference or conclusion

Table 2: Data Sources used for District Epidemiological Profiling

Thematic areas for HIV Epidemiological Major Sources

Profiling
HIV Levels, Trends and Differentials HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS); Integrated Biological &
Behaviroual Assessment (IBBA); ICTC data; PPTCT data; Blood
bank data; NFHS-III; Any other HIV prevalence studies
STI Levels, Trends and Differentials Behaviroual Surveys (IBBA); STI Clinic data; Targeted Intervention
(TI) data; NFHS – I,II & III; DLHS – I, II & III; Other Behavioral
studies
HIV burden in the district HIV estimations
Size Estimates of General Population and Other Census Population Projections; Mapping of HRG; TI data
Risk Groups
Profile, Turn-over & Migration of key risk groups HSS; IBBA; BSS; Mapping of HRG; ICTC data; STI Clinic data; TI
data; Other Studies on High Risk Groups; DLHS
Size & Patterns of Migration among General Census data; Mapping of Migrants; Population Council studies;
Population Other studies on migrants
Risk Behaviours and Prevention Practices among BSS; IBBA; DLHS; TI data; Mapping of HRG; Other published/
key risk groups and general population unpublished data
Profile of PLHIV HSS; IBBA; ICTC data; PPTCT data; ART data; Positive person
networks; Blood Bank Data; NFHS-III; Any other HIV prevalence
studies
District Vulnerabilities Local Knowledge; Open sources such as Wikipedia; District
Websites; State Government Websites; etc.
Programme Response Programme reporting through CMIS

4 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

Process of District Epidemiological Profiling: The process starts with identifying a broad set of important, actionable
and appropriate questions that the programme wants to find answers to, in a given region, and revisits and refines the
questions at every step of the process. The process of DEP has the following steps:
1. Understanding thematic areas and questions for District Profiling and Triangulation
2. Review of data sources and assessment of data availability in the district
3. Decision on themes to be described and questions to be answered for the district
4. Compilation of secondary data
5. Quality check for completeness, correctness and consistency
6. Data validation, adjustments and filling data gaps
7. Preparation of data tables with clean data for analysis
8. Data analysis, interpretation and inferences; describe thematic areas
9. Data Triangulation (hypotheses building; answer triangulation questions)
10. Preparation of district and State reports
11. Discussions and consultation with SACS, local experts, district level programme managers and service delivery
functionaries on draft reports
12. Presentation and discussion of draft reports with the National Technical Team
13. Finalisation of District Epidemiological Profile reports

Important Outcomes of District Epidemiological Profiling include:

1. Cleaning and validation of programme data (since 2004)
2. Systematic compilation of all data related to HIV for each district at one place for routine use
3. District reports describing the profile of HIV epidemic and programme response in each district
4. Development of framework for re-prioritisation of districts under the programme
5. Prioritisation extended upto Sub-district/Block level with high priority blocks identified
6. Identification of information gaps at district and state level for planning strategic Information activities
7. Capacity building of district level programme managers and staff of service delivery units in handling and analyzing
data, enabling them to understand the importance of the data they generate and the need for ensuring its quality, and
appreciate the use of data for programme review, decision-making and effecting improvements.
8. Enhanced understanding among the programme managers of HIV epidemic and response in the state and different
districts
9. Better use of data in developing District and State Annual Action Plans
10. Institutional strengthening (building state level resource pools) and fostering linkages between programme units and
academic institutions for addressing Strategic Information needs in the programme

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 5

Specific Notes on Fact sheets
1. Each district fact sheet has two parts: a narrative part consisting of background along with a map, HIV epidemic
profile and key recommendations, and a tabular part consisting HIV levels and trends, PLHIV profile, block-level details,
vulnerabilities and programme response. While the narrative part gives an overview of the district HIV/AIDS profile, the
table provides detailed information about the HIV/AIDS scenario in the district.
2. ‘Background’ gives a brief overview of the district with respect to its geographic location, key demographic information
like total population with male-female distribution, literacy status – based on 2011 Census. The section also describes
the district characteristics or contextual factors that makes it vulnerable to spread of HIV.
3. ‘Epidemic profile’ describes the thematic areas mentioned above (under the data sources) for each district based on
available information.
4. From DLHS-III, percentages of ever married women aged 15-49 years who have heard of HIV/AIDS and RTI/STI have
been taken as awareness indicators among women for HIV and RTI/STI respectively.
4. ‘Key recommendations’ is the final section of the factsheet where ‘Triangulation’ of data is attempted to highlight the
key programme priorities for the district based on the HIV epidemic profile and programme gaps. Any future potential
for spread of infection, if indicated by any information or results, is highlighted and appropriate action to address the
situation is suggested. On the basis of this analysis, recommendations for improving existing programme, and the need
for initiation of new programmes, etc. are highlighted. The recommendation section also highlights information gaps,
if any.
6. Data on ANC utilization mentioned in the table refer to the proportion of women who received at least three or more
antenatal checkups (Data source: DLHS-III).
7. HIV positivity rates among HSS-ANC, PPTCT and Blood Bank attendees are used to represent levels and trends of
HIV Infection among general population. Level is interpreted as high (HIV positivity >1%), moderate (HIV positivity
between 0.5-1%) or low (HIV positivity < 0.5%). HIV trend is interpreted as rising, stable or declining.
8. HIV positivity rates among HSS-HRG, HSS-STD and ICTC general clients disaggregated by sex and nature of client
(direct walk-in and referred) are used to represent levels and trends of HIV Infection among high risk groups and
vulnerable population. Level is interpreted as high (HIV positivity > 10%), moderate (HIV positivity between 5-10%)
or low (HIV positivity < 5%). HIV trend is interpreted as rising, stable or declining.
9. Positivity at HSS, PPTCT, Blood bank and ICTC sites is presented only for those years where the sample size is valid i.e.
HSS-ANC: > 300 tested, HSS-HRG/STD: > 187 tested, ICTC (male + female/direct walk-in + referred): > 600 tested,
PPTCT and BB: > 900 tested.
10. HIV positivity among PPTCT and ICTC attendees at sub-district level wherever data is available is presented under
block level details.
11. Size, demographic and risk profile of PLHIV in a district is inferred from three data sources: ICTC data, ART Registration
data and data from the PLHIV Network in the district.
12. Information on major vulnerabilities that are influencing the epidemic/high risk behaviour i.e drivers of the epidemic
is included under the “vulnerabilities” section. It includes:
a. Size and Profile of HRG
b. STIs – levels and trends
c. Migration patterns
d. District Vulnerabilities/ Contextual Factors

6 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

13. Information on size and profile (demographic or sub-typology) of HRG is available from mapping data. Size of HRG
as a proportion of the districts population has been stated wherever available, for comparison purposes. The Taluks/
Blocks with high concentration of different HRGs have been given under block level details, wherever available.
Targeted Intervention (TI) targets and coverage of HRG population are also mentioned, wherever available under
“HRG size”.
14. Based on CMIS-STI data, number of episodes of STI/RTI managed using syndromic approach and VDRL/RPR test results
for syphilis in the district are given under “STI/RTI”.
15. Wherever possible, an attempt has been made to describe the male out-migration patterns in the district based on
Census 2001 data. The table also includes the proportion of male migrants going to other states (inter-state) along
with top five destination districts.
16. The section on programme response describes the number of facilities offering HIV services under NACP-III and
services provided in the district till 2011. This covers both prevention interventions and care, support and treatment
interventions.
17. The number of TIs mentioned in the document includes only NACO-supported TIs. Migrant TIs include source, transit
and destination TIs.
18. The district wise factsheets include updated information till 2011. Therefore, the districts newly created after 2011
have not been shown as separate districts.
19. All maps used in this document have been prepared from the Survey of India.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 7

District Map of Odisha

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 9

Angul
Background: 

Angul, a centrally located district in the State of Odisha came into Angul District
existence on April 1, 1993. The district covers a geographical area of
6,232 square kilometers and supports a population of about 12.71 lakhs
with a sex ratio of 942 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy
rate of 70.44% with an overall literacy rate of 78.96% (2011 Census).
The economy of Angul district mainly depends on industries. The major
industries in the district are mining, thermal power, fertilizer plant etc. It
is a new but strategically most advanced district because it gives highest
return of revenue to the Government due to vast coal mines located in its
abode. Due to set up of large industries, lot of in-migration occurs in the
district in search of employment. The major highway that passes through 
Angul is National Highway 55. 

HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was high (1.26%) among the ANC clients in the district, with an overall declining

trend.

• Based on 2011 data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.14%)

and Blood Bank (0.12%) clients, with a stable trend.
• According to 2010 HSS-MSM data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate (8 %) among MSM clients in the district, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.03%) and 
female (1.35%) clients, and also among referred (0.79%) and
direct walk-in (2.41%) clients. There was a stable trend among all ICTC attendees.



• As per mapping conducted, MSM (405; 83.85% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by FSW (78; 16.15% of total HRG).
Among the FSW, 71.21% were home-based.
• As per the 2001Census, 4.92% of the male population was migrant population, 2.86% of them migrated to other states and 33.30% migrated
to other districts within the state.
• In 2011, 6,293 STI/RTI episodes were treated in the district.
• In 2009, of the 273 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 9% were 15-24 years of age, 33% were on ART, 23% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 41% were married.
• In 2011 HIV transmission from parent to child was high at 9.52%, in the district.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 67.7% and 30.6%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There were 17 ICTCs operational in the district in 2011.
• Red Ribbon Clubs (RRC) were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth; 25 RRCs were operational in the district
during 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Analysis of risk profile of positive individuals should be done to determine associated factors as high HIV prevalence among ANC and moderate
HIV prevalence among MSM indicated high vulnerability of the district.
• Strengthen outreach programmes through awareness campaigns among migrants and among truckers in truck halt points and highways in the
district.
• Since the largest HRG was MSM, assessment of the size and profile of MSM group, will help in understanding district vulnerabilities.
• There is a need to better understand the profile and dynamics of ANC attendees and their spouses through analysis of ART and ICTC data, as
the percentage of transmission via parent to child was high.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 11

 Angul
District Population: 12,71,703 (3.03% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 70.44%; ANC Utilization2: 48.8%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 1.75 1.74 0.75 1.26 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 402 400 397 state state district
PP - - * 0.23 0.12 0.31 0.11 0.14 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 78 405 - 28893 826 9620 18447
NT - - * 2165 3283 5835 8098 15316 Year: NA) migration
PP 0.14 0.04 0 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.12 % male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 16.15 83.85 - 4.92 0.14 1.64 3.14
NT 7690 8416 10014 11665 12696 14045 14246 14628 pop.
PP - - - - - - % total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.01 0.03 - 100 2.86 33.30 63.85
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - - Programme Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - - Program Coverage - 201 -
PP - - - 8.37 7.20 8.00 Home based- Kothi-
HSS-MSM Daily
NT - - - 251 250 250 71.21%; 75.97%;
Injectors-
PP - - - - - - Brothel Panthi-
HSS-IDU NA;
NT - - - - - - Typology based- 5.06%;

12 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

Non daily - - - - -
PP - - - - 1.24 1.23 1.11 1.03 0%; Double
ICTC Male injectors-
NT - - - - 1779 6426 7719 8413 Street based- Decker-
NA
28.79& 18.96%
PP - - - - 4.05 1.82 1.72 1.35
ICTC Female % <25 yrs. 45.08 13.69 -
NT - - - - 519 1818 2439 2886
PP - - - - 2.55 0.97 0.91 0.79 % Married 56.82 45.97 -
ICTC Referred STI/RTI
NT - - - - 822 3617 8006 9021
ICTC Direct PP - - - - 1.49 1.66 2.56 2.41 2008 2009 2010 2011
Walk-in NT - - - - 1476 4627 2152 2278 No. episodes treated - 966 3540 6293
PLHIV Profile, 2009 % Syphilis positivity - 0 0 0
% Programme Response
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
yrs Edu. Married
or Divorced
FSW TIs - - - - - 1 1 1
ART (273) 33 9 23 41 6
MSM TIs - - - - 1 1 1 -
DLN (NA) - - - - -
IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
Comp. TIs 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown ICTCs 1 1 2 3 3 12 14 17
Transfusion Syringe to Child
% of Total Total tested at
87.30 3.17 0 0 9.52 0 - - 695 2165 5581 14079 18256 26615
(N=126) ICTCs5
Block-Level Details Blood Banks 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- MSM - - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - 1
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
CHC SDH SDH PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
% Positive, Kanhia,
Chendipada, DHQ, 2.37 Pallahara, Talcher, - - - -
ICTC 2009 0.16 Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 10 15 15 23 25
0.65 0.24 1.06
CHC SDH SDH Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
% Positive, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - 1 1 1
Chendipada, DHQ, 0.23 Pallahara, Talcher, - - - - -
PPTCT 2009
0.73 0.24 0.26 Condom Outlets 8 8 10 10 8 21 30 24
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Balangir
Background: 

Balangir district, also called Bolangir, is situated in the western region Balangir District
of Odisha. It is surrounded by Subarnapur district in the east, Nuapada
district in the west, Kalahandi district in the south and Bargarh district in
the north. The district has a population of 16.48 lakhs with a sex ratio of
983 females per 1,000 males, a female literacy rate of 53.77% with an
overall literacy rate of 65.50% (2011 Census). The economy of Balangir
mainly depends on agriculture. The major highway that passes through
the Balangir district is National Highway 201.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low 

(0.25%) among the ANC clients, with a fluctuating trend between high and low
 positivity.
• Based on 2011 data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.12%)

and Blood Bank (0.15%) clients. The trend was stable for

both the PPTCT and Blood Bank attendees.

• According to 2010 HSS-MSM data, the level of HIV positivity was low (0.43%)

among MSM, with a declining trend.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.68%) and
 female (0.54%) clients, and also among referred (0.56%) and
direct walk-in (0.81%) clients with an overall stable trend. 

• As per mapping conducted, FSW (637; 65.20% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by MSM (220; 22.52% of total HRG)

and IDU (120; 12.28%of total HRG). Of the MSM present in the district, 25.93% were Kothi and 65.02% were double decker.

• In 2011, the Syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 1.17%. 

• As per the 2001 Census, 6.59% of the male population was migrant population,
 28.20% of them migrated to other states and 42.27%
migrated to other districts within the state.
• The top destinations for out-of-state migration were Raipur and Durg in Chhattisgarh.
• In 2009, of the 219 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 13% were 15-24 years of age, 35% were on ART, 19% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 23% were married.
• In 2011, HIV transmission from homosexual accounted for 18% of the total HIV transmissions.
• HIV awareness rate and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 10.9% and 0.6% respectively (DLHS-III).
• Total no. of ICTCs in 2011 was 15. There has been an increase in the number of clients undergoing HIV testing at ICTCs.
• RRCs were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. There was a steep increase in the no. of RRCs from 24 in
2010 to 42 in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Strengthen TI sites to provide HIV preventive and referral services.
• Strengthen outreach programmes through awareness campaigns among women, migrants and around truck halt points and highways in the
district.
• There is a need to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among FSWs, either through initiation of FSW site for HSS or further analysis
of ICTC/PPTCT and ART data.
• Better assessment of typology of sex workers, size and profile of FSW’s client population, including migrants and truckers, since the largest HRG
was FSW, will improve understanding of district vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 13

 Balangir
District Population: 16,48,574 (3.93% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 53.77%; ANC Utilization2: 48.3%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 1.25 0 1.50 0.25 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - * 0.20 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.12 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 637 220 120 44373 12512 18757 13104
NT - - * 2272 1768 3136 6180 8401 Year: NA) migration
PP 0.02 0.20 0.11 0.13 0.27 0 0.18 0.15 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 65.20 22.52 12.28 6.59 1.86 2.78 1.95
NT 4517 5401 7383 7633 5251 5027 7709 8664 pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.04 0.01 0.01 100.00 28.20 42.27 29.53
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - * - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW Programme
NT - - - * - - - - -
PP - - - 6.37 5.56 0.43 Coverage
HSS-MSM Home
NT - - - 251 450 232
based- Kothi-
PP - - - - - - Daily
HSS-IDU NA; 25.93%; Ran-
NT - - - - - - Injectors- Karim-
Brothel Panthi- Raipur, Durg, gared- Medak,

14 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP - 3.17 3.06 1.17 1.57 0.92 0.75 0.68 NA; nagar,
ICTC Male Typology based- 9.05%; Chhatis- Chhatis- dy, Andhra
NT - 441 654 2574 5173 5730 8512 11265 Non daily Andhra
NA; Double garh garh Andhra Pradesh
PP - 1.65 0.36 0.35 0.77 0.85 0.63 0.54 injectors- Pradesh
ICTC Female Street Decker- Pradesh
NA
NT - 363 561 1981 1683 2011 4108 4255 based- 65.02%
PP - - - 0.83 2.14 1.13 0.81 0.56 NA
ICTC Referred
NT - - - 2636 2798 4699 8151 10477 % <25 yrs. - 12.60 -
ICTC Direct PP - 2.49 1.81 0.78 0.84 0.56 0.54 0.81 % Married - 42.52 -
Walk-in NT - 804 1215 1919 4058 3042 4469 5043 STI/RTI
PLHIV Profile, 2009 2008 2009 2010 2011
% No. episodes treated - 1929 2033 3959
% 15- % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed % Syphilis positivity - 2.32 2.67 1.17
24yrs Edu. Married
or Divorced Programme Response
ART (219) 35 13 19 23 5 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - - FSW TIs - - - - 1 1 1 -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe to Child
Comp. TIs - - 1 1 - 1 1 1
% of Total
74.00 18.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 1.00 ICTCs - 1 3 4 10 15 15 15
(N=112)
Total tested at
Block-Level Details - 804 1992 6827 8624 10877 18800 23921
ICTCs5
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - -
Blood Banks 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3
Titlagarh,
No. HRG- MSM - - - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
254
ART centres - - - - - - - 1
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
RU-DHH RU-DHH RU- RU-
% Positive, PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
Balangir, I Balangir II, Kantabanji, Titlagarh, - - - - -
ICTC 2009 Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 10 15 15 24 42
0.58 0.37 CHC 0.59 SDH 2.73
DHH Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
% Positive, Kantabanji, Titlagarh,
Balangir, II - - - - - - Drop-in-Centers - - - - - 1 1 1
PPTCT 2009 CHC 0 SDH 0.17
0.23 Condom Outlets - - 7 9 9 16 15 8
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Balasore
Background: 

Balasore is a coastal district situated in the northern most part of the Balasore District
state. It is bordered by Bhadrak district in the south, Mayurbhanj district in
the west, Purbi Medinipur district of West Bengal on the north and Bay of
Bengal on the east. The district has a population of 23.17 lakhs with a sex
ratio of 957 females per 1,000 males, and female literacy rate of 72.95%
with an overall literacy rate of 80.66% (2011 Census). The economy
of Balasore district mainly depends on agriculture. Industrialization is
also gaining ground as the rubber, plastic, paper and alloys industries
are mushrooming around Balasore town. The beautiful sea beaches and
temples attract local and national tourists. The major highways that pass
through Balasore are National Highways 5 and 60. 


HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate (0.75%)
 among the ANC clients, representing an increasing trend.

• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.11%) and Blood Bank (0.03%) clients, with a stable trend.

• As per 2010 HIV Surveillance Survey data, the level of HIV positivity among FSW

was low (3.20%) in the district, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.62%) and
 female (1.74%) clients and also among referred (1.38%) and
direct walk-in (3.27%) clients, with an overall stable trend. 


• As per mapping conducted, FSW (425; 96.37% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district. Of the FSW, 59.50% were street-based,

26.50% were brothel-based and 14% were home-based.

• In 2011, 3,531 STI/RTI episodes were treated among STI clinic attendees 

• As per the 2001 Census, 4.30% of the male population was migrant population, 30.47% of them migrated to other states and 31.74%
migrated to other districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Thane and Mumbai (Suburban) in Maharashtra.
• In 2009, of the 316 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) center, 28% were on ART, 31% were illiterate or only had a primary
school education, and 30% were married.
• in 2011, HIV transmission from parent to child accounted for 10.40% of the total transmissions in the district.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rates among women was 29.3% and 15.7%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There has been a gradual increase in the number of clients being tested at the ICTCs in the district from 2008 onwards. There were 15 ICTCs
operational in the district in 2011.
• RRCs were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. There were 39 RRCs operational in district during 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Socio-demographic analysis should be done to ascertain risk factors in the district, considering rising prevalence among HSS-ANC attendees.
• Strengthen outreach programmes through awareness campaigns among women, migrants and around tourist spots in the district.
• It is necessary to strengthen PPTCT program coverage in the district since parent to child transmissions was high in the district.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of FSW’s client population, including migrants and truckers, since the largest HRG was FSW, will help
in better understanding of district vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 15

 Balasore
District Population: 23,17,419 (5.52% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 72.95%; ANC Utilization2: 64.2%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - 0.25 0.50 0.75 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - - 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - - - * 0.08 0.05 0.11 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 425 16 - 44582 13585 14150 16847
NT - - - - * 5921 5741 9781 Year: NA) migration
PP 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 96.37 3.63 - 4.30 1.31 1.36 1.62
NT 6438 7692 8531 9741 8904 10425 9669 11641 pop.
PP 2.80 6.80 3.20 1.60 0 1.63 % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.02 0 - 100.00 30.47 31.74 37.79
NT 205 250 250 250 248 246 migration
PP - - - 4.00 4.80 3.20 Program Target - - - Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - 250 250 250 Program Coverage 200 150 -
PP - - - - - - Home
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - based- Daily
PP - - - - - - 14.00%; Kothi- NA; Injectors- Mumbai
HSS-IDU Me-
NT - - - - - - Brothel Panthi-NA; NA; Thane, (Sub- Kolkata,
Typology dinipur, Surat,

16 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP - - - - 2.05 1.41 2.19 1.62 based- Double Non daily Maharash- urban), West
ICTC Male 26.50%; decker-NA injectors- West Gujarat
NT - - - - 1412 4884 3156 4514 tra Maha- Bengal
Street based- NA Bengal
PP - - - - 1.29 1.99 3.19 1.74 rashtra
ICTC Female 59.50%
NT - - - - 1867 2612 1972 2992
PP - - - - 1.04 1.69 2.41 1.38 % <25 yrs. 41.50 34.00 -
ICTC Referred % Married 40.00 40.00 -
NT - - - - 385 4021 4523 6373
ICTC Direct PP - - - - 1.69 1.53 3.80 3.27 STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - - - - 2894 3475 605 1133 2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009 No. episodes treated 4464 2019 1217 3531
% % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0 0
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed Programme Response
yrs Edu. Married
or Divorced
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ART (316) 28 7 31 30 14
FSW TIs - - - - 1 1 1 1
DLN (NA) - - - - -
MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent
Heterosexual Unknown Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 2 2 2
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe to Child
% of Total ICTCs 1 1 2 4 8 12 13 15
89.60 0 0 0 10.40 0
(N=125) Total tested at
- - - - 3523 13417 10869 17287
Block-Level Details ICTCs5
Jaleswar, Blood Banks 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - -
200 STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
Jaleswar, k ART centres - - - - - - - 1
No. HRG- MSM - - - - - - - -
150
Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
% Positive, Balasore Sa- Remuna, Khaira, Baliapal, Simulia, Jaleswar, Bhograi, Soro,
Basta, 1.3 Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 17 22 22 38 39
ICTC 2009 dar, 1.78 1.9 1.15 1.67 2.35 2.09 2.26 2.34
Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - 1 1
% Positive, Balasore Sa- Balia- Simu- Jaleswar, Bhograi, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - 1 1 1
Remuna, 0 Khaira, 0 Basta, 0 Soro, 0
PPTCT 2009 dar, 0.03 pal, 0 lia, 0 0 0
Condom Outlets - - 10 12 18 24 30 30
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Bargarh
Background: 

Bargarh is located in western Odisha, with Mahasamund and Raigarh Bargarh District
districts of Chhattisgarh as the western border, Jharsuguda on the north,
Sambalpur and Subarnapur districts in east and Nuagarh and Balangir
districts in the south. It has a population of 14.78 lakhs with a sex ratio
of 976 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 65.84%
with an overall literacy rate of 75.16% (2011 Census). The economy
of Bargarh is largely dependent on agricultural products. There is also
a cement factory along with a sugar mill and a thread mill to provide
further boost to the economy. Bargarh is also called a business hub of
western Odisha. The major highways that pass through Bargarh are
National Highways 6 and 201. 


HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate ( 0.50%)
 among the ANC attendees, with an increasing trend till 2008,
but a fall from high to moderate level was observed in 2010. 


• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.17%)and Blood Bank (0.26%) clients, with a stable trend.

• Based on 2010 HSS data, HIV prevalence among IDU was low at 4.27%, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male clients (1.55%)
 and female clients (1.12%) and also among referred clients
(1.33%) and direct walk-in clients (1.53%), with a stable trend. 


• As per mapping conducted, IDU (353; 56.57% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by FSW (232; 37.18% of total HRG).

Of the FSWs, 89.47% were street-based and 10.53% were home-based. 
• In 2011,3,114 STI/RTI episodes were treated and the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.23%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 3.91% of the male population was migrant population, 9.93% of them migrated to other states and 29.80% migrated
to other districts within the state.
• The top two destinations for out-of-state migration were Mahasamund and Raigarh districts in Chhattisgarh.
• In 2009, of the 249 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 11% were 15-24 years of age, 47% were on ART which was
on higher side, 18% were illiterate or only had a primary school education and 33% were married.
• HIV awareness rate and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 41.4% and 3.1%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• Total number of ICTCs in 2011 was four. There has been a gradual increase in the number of clients undergoing HIV testing at ICTCs.
• RRCs were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. There has been an increase in the number of RRCs from 12
to 42 during 2007 to 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Carry out in-depth analysis of ANC data to assess risk factors for HIV epidemic among general population.
• Create awareness through regular campaigning among women and hard-to-reach sub-groups, such as home-based FSW.
• There is a need to better understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among HRGs either through further analysis of ICTC and ART data.
• Expand the coverage of HIV counselling & testing in the district to detect positive cases at an early stage.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 17

 Bargarh
District Population: 14,78,833 (3.52% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 65.84%; ANC Utilization2: 59.2%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0.25 0.50 1.25 0.50 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - * 0.06 0.17 * 0.10 0.17 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 232 39 353 26613 2643 7930 16040
NT - - * 1563 1790 * 2913 3430 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.21 0.23 0.26 % male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 37.18 6.25 56.57 3.91 0.39 1.16 2.36
NT 4473 4611 4426 6058 6310 6535 7785 7433 pop.
PP - - - - - - % total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.02 0 0.02 100 9.93 29.80 60.27
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW Program Coverage - - -
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - - Kothi-
HSS-MSM Home based- Daily
NT - - - - - - 62.50%;
10.53%; Injectors -
Panthi- Mahasam-
PP - - - 5.60 5.33 4.27 Brothel NA; Raigarh, Raipur,
HSS-IDU Typology 34.38%; und,

18 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - - - 250 225 234 based- 0%; Non daily Chhatis- Chhatis- - -
Double Chhatis-
PP - - * 0.90 1.51 0.96 1.28 1.55 Street based- injectors- garh garh
ICTC Male decker- garh
89.47% NA
NT - - * 2114 3305 2826 3429 3552 3.13%
PP - - * 0.38 1.32 0.66 0.78 1.12 % <25 yrs. 1.20 23.13 34.55
ICTC Female
NT - - * 1600 1443 1666 1794 2136 % Married 0 - 18.79
PP - - * 0.85 1.81 0.95 1.69 1.33 STI/RTI
ICTC Referred
NT - - * 1527 1987 1887 3143 3921 2008 2009 2010 2011
ICTC Direct PP - - * 0.55 1.20 0.77 0.24 1.53 No. episodes treated 0 380 1861 3114
Walk-in NT - - * 2187 2761 2605 2080 1767 % Syphilis positivity 0 0 5.20 0.23
PLHIV Profile, 2009
Programme Response
%
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
% On ART Widowed
yrs Edu. Married FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
or Divorced
ART (249) 47 11 18 33 6 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
DLN (NA) - - - - - IDU TIs - - - - - 1 1 1
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 1 1 -
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent ICTCs - - 2 3 4 4 4 4
Heterosexual Unknown
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe to Child Total tested at
- - 883 5277 6538 5375 8136 9118
% of Total ICTCs5
94.94 1.27 0 3.80 0 0
(N=83) Blood Banks 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
Block-Level Details STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- MSM - - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
PLHIV Networks - - - - - 1 1 1
% Positive, Padampur
- DHH I, 1.1 - - - - - - Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 12 15 15 32 42
ICTC 2009 SDH, 0.42
Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
% Positive, Padampur, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 SDH 0
Condom Outlets - - 8 8 8 16 15 10

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Bhadrak
Background: 

Bhadrak is a coastal district of Odisha situated at the eastern coast of Bhadrak District
India. The district has a population of 15.06 lakhs with a sex ratio of 981
females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 76.49% with an
overall literacy rate of 83.25% (2011 Census). The economy of Bhadrak
district mainly depends on agriculture and allied activities. Another sector
contributing to the economy of the population in the sea coast areas
(Dhamara, Basudevpur and Chandabali Blocks) depend on fishing. The
major highway that passes through Bhadrak is National Highway 8.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low 

among the ANC clients, with a declining trend over the years. 

• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.03%) and Blood

Bank (0.04%) clients, with a stable trend.

• According to 2010 HSS-FSW data, the level of HIV positivity was low at 2.40% among FSWs but due to lack of data, a trend could not be

determined. 

• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.15%) and female clients (0.80%), also among referred clients (0.87%)
and direct walk-in clients (1.21%), with an overall stable trend. 

• As per mapping conducted, FSW (481; 58.44% of total HRG) was the largest HRG

in the district, followed by MSM (342; 41.56% of total HRG).

Of the FSW 44.33% were home based and 44.67% were street based.

• In 2010, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.16%. 

• As per the 2001 Census, 4.08% of the male population was migrant population,
 31.73% of them migrated to other states and 45.42%
migrated to other districts within the state.
• The top two destinations for out-of-state migration were Kolkata in West Bengal and Surat in Gujarat.
• In 2009, of the 173 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 5% were 15-24 years of age, 30% were on ART, 29% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 35% were married.
• In 2011, parent to child route of HIV transmission was high at 5.33%, in the district.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 26.6% and 5.9%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• Total number of ICTCs in 2011 was 10, and a total of 22, 886 clients got tested.
• Red Ribbon Clubs (RRCs) were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. 24 RRCs were operational in the district
in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns for women, migrants and around truck halt points and highways in the
district.
• Assessment of the size and profile of HRG population will help in understanding of district vulnerabilities.
• There is a need to understand the profile and dynamics of clinic attendees and their spouses, through analysis of ART and ICTC data as the
percentage of transmission via parent to child was high.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of FSWs client populations, including migrants and truckers, will improve understanding of district
vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 19

 Bhadrak
District Population: 15,06,522 (3.59% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 76.49%; ANC Utilization2: 52.4%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 1.00 0.25 0 0 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 399 state state district
PP - - * 0.16 0 0.08 0.12 0.03 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 481 342 0 27555 8744 12516 6295
NT - - * 1274 1587 3791 10893 15266 Year: NA) migration
PP 0.05 0.04 0.11 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.11 0.04 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 58.44 41.56 0 4.08 1.30 1.85 0.93
NT 1762 2147 2597 3218 3428 3588 3548 4889 pop.
PP - - - - * - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.03 0.02 0 100 31.73 45.42 22.85
NT - - - - * - migration
PP - - - - 5.60 2.40 Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - 250 250 Program Coverage - - -
PP - - - - - - Home
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - based- Kothi-
PP - - - - - - Daily
HSS-IDU 44.33%; 70.15%;
NT - - - - - - Injectors-
Brothel Panthi- Ban-
PP - * 4.04 1.70 2.04 1.34 1.21 1.15 NA; Kolkata, Solan, Haora,

20 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

Typology based- 4.48%; Surat, galore,
ICTC Male Non daily West Ben- Himachal West
NT - * 371 1530 1619 3127 4792 4002 11.00%; Double Gujarat Karna-
injectors- gal Pradesh Bengal
PP - * 3.75 1.90 2.32 1.87 1.85 0.80 Street decker- taka
ICTC Female NA
NT - * 320 1051 1034 1444 2648 3618 based- 25.37%
PP - * 26.67 1.96 1.91 1.21 1.19 0.87 44.67%
ICTC Referred
NT - * 15 204 1416 2980 4458 5144 % <25 yrs. 31.00 9.50 -
ICTC Direct PP - * 3.40 1.77 2.43 2.07 1.81 1.21 % Married 37.00 69.00 -
Walk-in NT - * 676 2377 1237 1591 2982 2476 STI/RTI
PLHIV Profile, 2009 2008 2009 2010 2011
% No. episodes treated 0 1266 2689 4485
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed
yrs Edu. Married % Syphilis positivity 0 0 1.99 0.16
or Divorced
Programme Response
ART (173) 30 5 29 35 14
DLN (NA) - - - - - No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe to Child IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
% of Total Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 2 2 2
89.33 4 0 0 5.33 1.33
(N=75) ICTCs 1 1 2 2 5 9 9 10
Block-Level Details Total tested at
Bhadrak, - 444 1257 3855 4240 8362 18333 22886
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - ICTCs5
300 Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bhadrak, Dhamna-
No. HRG- MSM - - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
133 gar, 67
ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
Ba-
% Positive, Bhadrak, Dhamna- B. Pokhari, Chand- Agar- PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
sudevpur, Tihidi, 0 - -
ICTC 2009 1.31 gar, 0.31 0 bali, 0 pada, 0 Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 10 15 15 24 24
0.7
B. Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
% Positive, Chand- Agara-
- - - Pokhari, Tihidi, 0 - - Drop-in-Centers - - - - - 1 1 1
PPTCT 2009 bali, 0 pada, 0
0 Condom Outlets - - 7 7 7 15 20 20

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Boudh
Background: 

Boudh district, also known as Bauda, is a centrally located district of Boudh District
Odisha. The district has a population of 4.39 lakhs with a sex ratio of
991 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 60.44% with
an overall literacy rate of 72.51% (2011 Census). The economy of Boudh
district mainly depends on agriculture. Fisheries and animal husbandry
also contribute greatly to the economy. Small scale industries are also
a booming sector in the economic scenario of Boudh district, especially
the textiles and mining industries. There is no National highway passing
through the district but it is well connected with road and rail with other
district headquarter and the state capital Bhubaneswar.

HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• As per 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the ANC
 attendees, showing a stable trend.

• Based on 2009 Blood Bank data and 2011 PPTCT data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the attendees.

• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.05%) and

female clients (0.50%) and also among referred (0.13%) and
direct walk-in clients, with a stable trend. 

• In 2011, 2,684 STI/RTI episodes were treated. 

• As per the 2001 Census, 5.19% of the male population was migrant population,

3.33% of them migrated to other states and 61.04% migrated

to other districts within the state.

• In 2009, of the 19 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre,

53% were on ART, 26% were illiterate or only had a primary
school education and 58% were married. 

• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 26.9% and 2.5%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• In 2011, there were two ICTCs in the district and 4,144 clients underwent HIV testing at the ICTCs.
• Red ribbon clubs (RRCs) were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. Total no. of operational RRCs in the
districts in 2011 was six.

Key Recommendations:
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns for women and migrants in the district.
• Compilation and analysis of ICTC-PPTCT data with focus on characteristics like age, migration, occupation and geographic areas of positive
people would provide knowledge on sexual dynamics and spread of HIV in this district.
• Additional data on HIV vulnerability like HRG size and profile should be made available to get an understanding of HIV epidemiological profile
of the district.
• Focused IEC for general population and migrants with awareness and sexual risk reduction messages is recommended.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 21

 Boudh
District Population: 4,39,917 (1.04 % of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 60.44%; ANC Utilization2: 50.8%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0 0 0.50 0 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - - 0 0 0 0 0 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT - - - 9761 325 5958 3478
NT - - - 1199 1109 1061 1429 1867 Year: NA) migration
PP * - - * - 0 * * % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG - - - 5.19 0.17 3.17 1.85
NT * - - * - 930 * * pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. - - - 100 3.33 61.04 35.63
migration
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW Program Coverage - - -
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - - Home based- Daily
HSS-MSM NA; Kothi-NA; Injectors-
NT - - - - - -
Brothel Panthi-NA; NA;
PP - - - - - - Typology
based-NA; Double Non daily - - - - -

22 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

HSS-IDU
NT - - - - - - Street based- decker-NA injectors-
PP - - - 0 0.11 0 0 0.05 NA NA
ICTC Male
NT - - - 626 1747 1540 1021 2077 % <25 yrs. - - -
PP - - - 0 0 1.27 0 0.50 % Married - - -
ICTC Female
NT - - - 121 238 79 796 200 STI/RTI
PP - - - 0 0.25 0 0 0.13 2008 2009 2010 2011
ICTC Referred
NT - - - 196 404 366 955 1591 No. episodes treated 0 1032 2059 2684
ICTC Direct PP - - - 0 0.06 0.08 0 0 % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0 0
Walk-in NT - - - 551 1581 1253 862 686
Programme Response
PLHIV Profile, 2009
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % % Widowed
% On ART FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
yrs Edu. Married or Divorced
ART (19) 53 0 26 58 0 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
DLN (NA) - - - - - IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 Comp. TIs - - - - - - - -
Hetero Homo Blood Needle/ Parent ICTCs - - - - 2 2 2 2
Unknown
sexual sexual Transfusion Syringe to Child Total tested at
- - - 1946 3094 2680 3246 4144
% of Total ICTCs5
100 0 0 0 0 0
(N=2) Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Block-Level Details STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- MSM - - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
DHH Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 3 5 5 6 6
% Positive,
Boudh, - - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
0.06
% Positive, Boudh, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 DHH 0 Condom Outlets - - - - - - - -

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Cuttack
Background: 

Cuttack is a picturesque district nestled at the land formed by the Cuttack District
Mahanadi River in the north and Kathajodi in the south. It is the former
capital and the second largest city of Odisha. The district has a population
of 26.18 lakhs with a sex ratio of 955 females per 1,000 males, and a
female literacy rate of 77.64% with an overall literacy rate of 84.20%
(2011 Census). The economy of Cuttack is largely based on agriculture.
About 76% of the total population of the district draws their living from
the agricultural sector. The industries mainly provide employment to the
bulk of workforce in the core of Cuttack district and served the domestic
economy of Cuttack. The major highway that passes through the district
is National Highway 5. 


HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was high (1.50%) among
 the ANC clients, with an increasing trend.

• In2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.11%) and Blood Bank (0.06%) attendees, with a stable trend over the last few

years.

• According to 2010 HSS-IDU data, HIV prevalence among injecting drug users was low at 2.40%, but due to lack of data, a trend could not be
determined. 

• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (3.73%) but moderate among female clients (5.23%) and also low among
refered (3.03%) and moderate among direct walk-in clients (6.37%). HIV positivity

showed a stable trend among all ICTC attendees in the last

four years.

• As per mapping conducted, IDU (575; 65.56% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by FSW (260; 29.65% of total HRG)
and MSM (42; 4.79% of total HRG). Of the FSW, majority was of street based (63.84%).
• In 2011, 8,109 STI/RTI episodes were treated and the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.03%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 6.45% of the male population was migrant population, 23.56% of them migrated to other states and 48.78%
migrated to other districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for interstate out-migration were Surat in Gujarat and Kolkota in West Bengal.
• In 2009, of the 231 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 6% were 15-24 years of age, 35% were on ART, 28% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and12% were widowed or divorced.
• Heterosexual route of transmission contributed 69.51% of the total HIV infections, cause of 17.83% of transmissions were unknown.
• HIV and STI/RTI awareness rates was 91.8% and 27.2%, among women (DLHS-III).
• In 2011, there was one IDU-TI and one composite TI operational in the district.

Key Recommendations:
• Conduct socio-demographic analysis of HSS-ANC attendees to understand risk factors for HIV epidemic among general population
• There is a need to establish a mechanism to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among HRG and migrant population since HIV
Positivity at ICTC suggests continuing transmission among the attendees along with risky behavior.
• Strengthen and improve quality of outreach programmes for IDUs and FSWs.
• Strengthen efforts towards assessing route of HIV transmission at the ICTCs.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 23

 Cuttack
District Population: 26,18,708 (6.24% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 77.64%; ANC Utilization2: 62.3%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 0.50 0.50 0.75 0 1.00 1.50
HSS-ANC Inter- Intra- Intra-
NT4 400 400 400 402 400 400 FSW MSM IDU Overall
state state district
PP - - 0.64 0.12 0.20 0.16 0.19 0.11
PPTCT Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
NT - - 1401 4188 7577 8691 6968 7957 260 42 575 77863 18343 37979 21541
Year: NA) migration
PP 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.06
Blood Bank % male
NT 38649 39139 41627 43772 44927 46351 44885 44100 % Total HRG 29.65 4.79 65.56 6.45 1.52 3.15 1.78
PP 2.39 1.20 2.80 0 0.80 0.83 pop.
HSS-STD % total
NT 251 250 250 250 249 240 % Total Pop. 0.01 0 0.02 100 23.56 48.78 27.67
PP - - - - - - migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - - Program Coverage 224 165 -
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - Home based- Kothi-
PP - - - - 0.80 2.40 Daily North
HSS-IDU 26.78%; 12.12%;
NT - - - - 250 250 Injectors- Mumbai Twenty
Brothel Panthi-
PP - 10.33 8.67 4.17 4.05 4.14 4.70 3.73 NA; Kolkata, (Sub- Thane, Four
ICTC Male Typology based- 23.03%; Surat,

24 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - 1191 2054 5198 6921 7878 7042 7502 Non daily West urban), Maha- Par-
9.38%; Double Gujarat
PP - 10.10 4.64 2.49 5.81 6.48 7.17 5.23 injectors- Bengal Maha- rashtra ganas,
ICTC Female Street based- decker-
NT - 594 1788 4824 2494 2668 2385 2046 NA rashtra West
63.84% 64.85%
PP - 10.45 2.95 0.71 4.37 3.75 3.56 3.03 Bengal
ICTC Referred % <25 yrs. 8.48 4.24 -
NT - 201 914 4816 4620 5942 6491 6629
% Married 88.84 - -
ICTC Direct PP - 10.23 7.99 5.82 4.65 5.99 9.23 6.37
Walk-in NT - 1584 2928 5206 4795 4604 2936 2919 STI/RTI
PLHIV Profile, 2009 2008 2009 2010 2011
% No. episodes treated 222 3695 5111 8109
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0.07 0.03
yrs Edu. Married
or Divorced
Programme Response
ART (231) 35 6 28 39 12
DLN (NA) - - - - - No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Heterosexual Unknown
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe to Child IDU TIs - - - - - 1 1 1
% of Total Comp. TIs 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
69.51 4.13 4.13 1.03 3.36 17.83
(N=387)
ICTCs 2 2 3 5 7 7 7 7
Block-Level Details
TI Name: Total tested at
- 1785 5243 14210 16992 19237 16395 17505
No. HRG- FSW SRUSTI, - - - - - - - - ICTCs5
224 Blood Banks 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
TI Name: STI Clinics - - - - 2 2 2 2
No. HRG- MSM SRUSTI, - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - 1 1 1
165 Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
Choudwar City Hos- Salipur
% Positive, Athagarh, Banki, SDH SCBMC Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 24 31 50 50 51
ESI Hospi- pital CTC, CHC, - - -
ICTC SDH 0 0.1 II, 0.28 Comm. Care Centers - - - - 1 1 1 1
tal, 0 0.15 0.09
% Positive, TI Name: Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - Condom Outlets 8 8 15 8 8 14 14 24
PPTCT SRUSTI, 224

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Debagarh
Background: 

Debagarh district, also known as Deogarh, is situated in the Western Debagarh District
region of the state of Odisha. It is one of the less populated districts
in the state and has a population of 3.12 lakhs with a sex ratio of 976
females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 63.36% with
an overall literacy rate of 73.07% (2011 Census). The economy of the
district is mainly dependent upon cultivation. The major highways that
pass through Debagarh are National Highways 6, 23,200 and 215.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate
(0.50%) among the ANC clients, with a declining trend. 

• In 2011 the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT and Blood Bank (0.05%) clients, , with a declining trend for PPTCT attendees and
a stable trend for Blood Bank attendees. 


• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.29%) and female (0.31%) clients and also among referred (0.18%)

clients and direct walk-in (0.43%), with an overall stable trend. 

• As per mapping conducted, IDU (81; 54% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by FSW (69; 46% of total HRG).
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.25%. 


• As per the 2001 Census, 5.11% of the male population was migrant population, 16.04% of them migrated to other states and 42.19%

migrated to other districts within the state. 

• The top destination for out-of-state migration was North West Delhi. 

• In 2009, of the 40 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre,

 15% were 15-24 years of age, 33% were on ART, 18% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 20% were married.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate was 38.8% and 9.7%, among women respectively (DLHS-III).
• Red Ribbon Clubs (RRCs) were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth;18 RRCs were operational in the district
during 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Data assessment and analysis of positive people at ANC, ICTC/PPTCT, ART and Blood Bank is recommended to understand the source and
spread of HIV.
• Strengthen outreach programmes through awareness campaigns for STI and HIV for women, migrants and around truck halt points and
highways in the district.
• Improved data availability with mapping for HRGs and migrants, truckers at halting points for risk behavior will provide more information
regarding district vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 25

 Debagarh
District Population: 3,12,164 (0.74% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 63.36%; ANC Utilization2: 38.1%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - 1.00 0.50 0.50 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - - 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - - 0.24 0.21 0.10 0.10 0 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 69 0 81 7072 1134 2984 2954
NT - - - 1270 955 1049 2906 2844 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.05 0.05 % male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 46.00 0 54.00 5.11 0.82 2.16 2.13
NT 978 1139 1332 1637 1270 1995 2180 1903 pop.
PP - - - - - - % total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.02 0 0.03 100 16.04 42.19 41.77
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
PP - - - - - - Home based- Kothi-
HSS-MSM Daily
NT - - - - - - NA; NA;
PP - - - - - - Injectors-
HSS-IDU Brothel Panthi-
NT - - - - - - NA; North
Typology based- NA;
Non daily

26 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP - - - 0.77 * 0.60 0.70 0.29 NA; Double West - - - -
ICTC Male injectors- Delhi
NT - - - 904 * 1008 1283 1391 Street based- decker-
NA
PP - - - 0.21 * 0.55 0.46 0.31 NA NA
ICTC Female
NT - - - 935 * 543 659 650 % <25 yrs. - - -
PP - - - 0.39 * 0.55 0.39 0.18 % Married - - -
ICTC Referred
NT - - - 779 * 725 1036 1120 STI/RTI
ICTC Direct PP - - - 0.57 * 0.61 0.88 0.43 2008 2009 2010 2011
Walk-in NT - - - 1060 * 826 906 921 No. episodes treated 346 88 898 2050
PLHIV Profile, 2009
% Syphilis positivity 0 0 0 0.25
%
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % Programme Response
% On ART Widowed
yrs Edu. Married No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
or Divorced
ART (40) 33 15 18 20 8 FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
DLN (NA) - - - - - MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent Comp. TIs - - 1 1 - - - 1
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe to Child ICTCs - - 1 1 2 2 2 2
% of Total
100 0 0 0 0 0 Total tested at
(N=6) - - - 3109 1488 2600 4848 4885
ICTCs5
Block-Level Details
Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - -
STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- MSM - - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 2 4 4 12 18
% Positive, Debagarh,
- - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 DHH, 0.1 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -

% Positive, Debagarh Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 DHH, 0.1 Condom Outlets - - 5 5 5 6 5 7
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Dhenkanal
Background: 

Dhenkanal, the centrally located land-locked district of the state, is Dhenkanal District
bordered by Kendujhar to the north, Jajpur to the east, Cuttack to the
south and Angul to the west. It has a population of 11.92 lakhs with
a sex ratio of 947 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate
of 71.40% with an overall literacy rate of 79.41% (2011 Census). The
economy of Dhenkanal district mainly depends on agriculture. The district
gains from forest products, which plays an important role in the economy
of the district. The principal forest products are Timber, Bamboo, Fire
wood and Kendu leaf. The major highways that pass through Dhenkanal
are National Highways 42 and 200.

HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the ANC clients, with a stable trend.

• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.10%) and Blood Bank (0%) clients, with a stable trend.

• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.45%) and

female (0.64%) clients and also among referred (0.53%) and
direct walk-in (0.37%) clients, with a stable trend. 

• As per mapping conducted, FSW (200; 55.71% of total HRG) was the largest HRG
 in the district, followed by MSM (159; 44.29% of total HRG).
Of the FSW majority was home based (62.50%). 

• In 2011, 5125 episodes of STI/RTI were treated and the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.17%.

• As per the 2001 Census, 5.41% of the male population was migrant, 4.52% of them migrated to other states and 57.15% migrated to other
districts within the state. 

• The top three destinations for out-of-state migration were Thane in Maharashtra, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Surat in Gujarat.
• In 2009, of the 109 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 6% were 15-24 years of age, 23% were on ART, 26% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 33% were married.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 75.1% and 30%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• In 2011, a total of three ICTCs and one composite Targeted Intervention site existed in the district.
• Red ribbon clubs (RRCs) were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. Operational RRCs in the district in 2011
were 19 in number.

Key Recommendations:
• Continue HIV prevention strategies to maintain HIV prevalence at low levels.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaign especially among migrant-men and around truck halt points and highways in
the district.
• Need to establish mechanism for understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission among HRG size and its linking with surrounding districts.
• Availability of data regarding profile and pattern of migration and truckers is recommended for better insight to district HIV vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 27

 Dhenkanal
District Population: 11,92,948 (2.84% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 71.40%; ANC Utilization2: 50.5%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0 0.25 0 0 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 399 state state district
PP - - * 0.20 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.10 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 200 159 - 29386 1329 16795 11262
NT - - * 3029 3424 3833 2945 4769 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 0 % of male
% Total HRG 55.71 44.29 - 5.41 0.24 3.09 2.07
Blood Bank pop.
NT 2435 2295 2117 2310 2729 2767 4559 5113
% of total
PP - - - - - - % Total Pop. 0.02 0.01 - 100 4.52 57.15 38.32
HSS-STD migration
NT - - - - - -
Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - -
HSS-FSW Program Coverage - - -
NT - - - - - -
Home based- Kothi-
PP - - - - - - Daily
HSS-MSM 62.50%; 50.32%;
NT - - - - - - Injectors-
Brothel Panthi-
NA; Thane, Dadra &
PP - - - - - - Typology based- 4.40%; Surat,
HSS-IDU Non daily Maharash- Nagar - -

28 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - - - - - - 10.00%; Double Gujarat
injectors- tra Haveli
PP - - * 0.79 0.52 0.74 0.60 0.45 Street based- decker-
NA
ICTC Male 27.50% 45.28%
NT - - * 1895 3264 3369 2976 5805
% <25 yrs. 27.00 42.77 -
PP - - * 0.57 0.32 0.53 0.42 0.64
ICTC Female % Married 67.00 20.75 -
NT - - * 1749 1848 2068 1920 1257
STI/RTI
PP - - * 1.21 0.71 0.45 0.51 0.53
ICTC Referred 2008 2009 2010 2011
NT - - * 1735 1838 2883 2735 4876
No. episodes treated 1431 615 1819 5125
ICTC Direct PP - - * 0.21 0.31 0.90 0.56 0.37
% Syphilis positivity 0 5.41 0.22 0.17
Walk-in NT - - * 1909 3274 2554 2161 2186
Programme Response
PLHIV Profile, 2009
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
% Ill., Prim. % % Widowed
% On ART % 15-24 yrs FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Edu. Married or Divorced
ART (109) 23 6 26 33 8 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
DLN (NA) - - - - - IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 Comp. TIs - - 1 - - 1 1 1
Hetero Homo Blood Needle/ Parent ICTCs - - 2 3 3 3 3 3
Unknown Total tested
sexual sexual Transfusion Syringe to Child - - - 1121 6673 8536 7841 11831
% of Total at ICTCs5
94.12 2.94 0 0 2.94 0 Blood Banks 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
(N=34)
Block-Level Details STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- FSW Sadar, 200 - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- MSM Sadar, 159 - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 10 11 11 19 19
Dhenkanal Kama-
% Positive,
DHH II, khyanagar, - - - - - - - Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009
0.03 0.1
% Positive, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - Condom Outlets - - - - - 14 12 10
PPTCT 2009
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Gajapati
Background: 

Gajapati district, recently formed in October 1992, is bordered by Ganjam Gajapati District
district of Odisha on the east, Rayagada on the west, Kandhamala on the
north and Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh on the south. It is the
least populated district of the state with a population of 5.75 lakhs and
sex ratio of 1,042 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate
of 43.59% with an overall literacy rate of 54.29% (2011 Census). The
economy of the district mainly depends on agriculture. Gajapati district is
an under developed mountainous region, predominated by tribal people.
The major minerals in the district are granite decorative stones found in
some part of Paralakhemundi Tehsil. There are no major highways passing
through this district. 


HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate (0.75%)
 among the ANC attendees, with an increasing trend.

• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.13%) and Blood Bank attendees, with a declining trend.

• According to 2010 HSS-FSW data, HIV prevalence was low among FSWs (1.22%), but due to lack of data points, a trend could not be
determined. 

• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.38%) and female (1.59%) clients, as well as among referred (1.89%)
and direct walk-in (0.15%) clients. A declining trend was observed among male

and direct walk-ins but a stable trend was observed among
female and referred clients. 


• As per mapping conducted, FSW (382, 79.25% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.12%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 7.53% of the male population was migrant,15.82% of them migrated to other states and 24.58% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two districts for out-of-state migration were Srikakulam and Rangareddy in Andhra Pradesh.
• In 2009, of the 132 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 17% were 15-24 years of age, 27% were on ART, 23% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 30% were married.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women were 8% and 0.5%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There has been a gradual increase in number of clients undergoing HIV testing at the ICTCs

Key Recommendations:
• Socio-demographic analysis of ANC data should be done to understand risk profile of the attendees.
• Focused IEC for general population with HIV awareness and sexual risk reduction messages is recommended.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of FSWs clients’ population, including migrants and truckers, will help in understanding of district
vulnerabilities.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns especially among women, migrants and around truck halt points in the
district.
• For understanding district epidemiological profile, information on typology of HRG population is required.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 29

 Gajapati
District Population: 5,75,880 (1.37% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 43.59%; ANC Utilization2: 44.5%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - 0 0.25 0.75 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - - 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - * 0.68 0.43 0.36 0.28 0.13 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 382 100 0 19227 3042 4726 11459
NT - - * 1919 3947 2770 3233 3782 Year: NA) migration
PP * * 0.20 0.34 * 0.07 0.05 0 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 79.25 20.75 0 7.53 1.19 1.85 4.49
NT * * 1023 2346 * 1423 2101 2091 pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.07 0.02 0 100 15.82 24.58 59.60
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - 1.22 Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - 245
Program Coverage - - -
PP - - - - - -
HSS-MSM Home
NT - - - - - -
based-NA; Daily
PP - - - - - - Kothi- NA; Mum-
HSS-IDU Brothel Injectors- Upper
NT - - - - - - Panthi- Srikaku- Ran- bai Lohit,
based- NA; Siang
PP - - * 5.41 6.43 3.09 1.62 1.38 Typology NA; lam, gareddy, (Subur- Ar-

30 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

ICTC Male NA; Non daily , Ar-
NT - - * 1147 731 1488 2781 3684 Double Andhra Andhra ban) , unachal
Street injectors- unachal
PP - - * 2.64 1.15 3.16 2.17 1.59 decker-NA Pradesh Pradesh Maha- Pradesh
ICTC Female based- NA Pradesh
NT - - * 1176 1392 790 1060 1385 rashtra
NA
PP - - * 3.81 2.81 * 2.22 1.89 % <25 yrs. - - -
ICTC Referred
NT - - * 1418 1671 * 3014 3766 % Married - - -
ICTC Direct PP - - * 4.31 3.54 * 0.12 0.15
STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - - * 905 452 * 827 1303
2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009
No. episodes treated 0 1925 2534 3386
%
% 15- % Ill., Prim. % % Syphilis positivity 0 6.03 0.34 0.12
% On ART Widowed
24yrs Edu. Married Programme Response
or Divorced
ART (132) 27 17 23 30 5 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - - FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe to Child Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
% of Total ICTCs - - 2 1 3 3 3 3
97.26 0 0 0 2.74 0
(N=73)
Total tested at
Block-Level Details - - 968 4242 6070 3339 7074 8851
ICTCs5
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - -
Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
MSM ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
% Positive, Kasina- Rayagada, Nua- R. Udaya- Mohana, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 5 7 7 10 10
Gosani, 0 Gumma, 0 - -
ICTC 2009 gara, 0 0 gada, 0 giri, 0 0
Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
Raya-
% Positive, Kasinagara, Nua- R. Udayagiri, Mohana, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
Gosani, 0.53 Gumma, 0 gada, - -
PPTCT 2009 0.13 gada, 0 1.04 0 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 8 8 7 10
1.27
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Ganjam
Background: 

Ganjam district in Odisha is bordered by the Bay of Bengal and Chillika lake Ganjam District
on the east, Khordha and Nayagarh districts on the north, Phulbani on west
and Gajapati of Odisha and Srikakulam of Andhra Pradesh on the south. It
has a population of 35.20 lakhs with a sex ratio of 981 females per 1,000
males, and a female literacy rate of 61.84% with an overall literacy rate
of 71.88% (2011 Census). Animal husbandry is one of the chief economic
sectors of the district. It provides unique opportunity for fishing and port
facility at Gopalpur for international trade. The Chilika Lake which attracts
international tourists is known for its scenic beauty and a marvelous bird
sanctuary is situated in the eastern part of district. The most populous city in
Ganjam, Berhampur, is famous for silver filigree and silk sarees woven with 

gold and silver threads. The major highway that passes through Ganjam is National Highway 5.


HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate (0.75%) among the ANC attendees, with a fluctuating trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.22%) and Blood
 Bank (0.12%) clients, with a declining trend among PPTCT
but a stable trend among BB attendees. 


• As per 2010 HSS data, the HIV prevalence was low among FSW (2%), but due to

lack of data points, a trend could not be determined.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (3.69%), female
 (3.63%) and among referred clients (2.23%) but moderate
among direct walk-ins (6.94%). Declining trend was observed among all the ICTC
 clients except direct walk-ins which had a stable trend over
the last five years. 

• In 2011,the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.07%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 10.35% of the male population was migrant, 37.87% of them migrated to other states and 25.56% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destinations for out-of-state migration were Surat in Gujrat and Mumbai in Maharashtra.
• In 2009, of the 3,096 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 8% were 15-24 years of age, 31% were on ART, 22% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education, and 30% were married.
• HIV transmission from parent to child accounted for 6.92%, of all the HIV transmission in the district.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 82.7% and 24.8%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• ICTCs increased in number at a continuing pace from 14 in 2007 to 28 in 2011.
• In 2007 RRCs were established to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. The no. of RRCs increased in the district from 23 in 2007
to 53 in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Ganjam needs continued attention to decrease and limit the spread of the infection further even though HIV prevalence has declined from high
to moderate levels among both HSS-ANC and ICTC attendees.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns around source and transit points like railway stations and bus stands, considering
high rate of migration to high HIV prevalent states like Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• Conduct disaggregated analysis of ICTC direct walk-in clients to assess risk factors.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns around truck halt points and highways in the district.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of migrants will further improve understanding of district vulnerabilities.
• Strengthen positive prevention and PPTCT programme in the district since parental transmissions were notable.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 31

 Ganjam
District Population: 35,20,151 (8.39% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 61.84%; ANC Utilization2: 54.7%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 1.50 2.25 3.25 0.37 1.25 0.75 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 400 400 400 804 800 797 state state district
PP - * 1.56 0.67 0.25 0.30 0.19 0.22 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT
NT - * 1221 4027 17741 35915 40803 53898 91 0 0 162306 61466 41479 59361
Year: NA) migration
PP 0.15 0.16 0.19 0.25 0.22 0.08 0.14 0.12
Blood Bank % of male
NT 16198 18081 20230 20744 22637 23496 26990 26669 % Total HRG 100 0 0 10.35 3.92 2.64 3.78
PP 3.98 5.20 3.60 1.62 6.69 6.85 pop.
HSS-STD % of total
NT 251 250 250 247 224 248 % Total Pop. 0 0 0 100 37.87 25.56 36.57
PP - - - - - 2.00 migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - 250 Program Target - - - Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - Home
PP - - - - - - based- Kothi-
HSS-IDU Daily
NT - - - - - - 77.88%; 50.54%; Mum-
PP - 20.72 13.03 8.58 6.22 4.58 3.72 3.69 Injectors- Bard-
ICTC Male Brothel Panthi- bai-
NT - 1752 3882 8818 14078 20225 20497 22224 NA; Thane, Bhav- dha-
Typology based- 25.27%; Surat, (Subur-

32 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP - 18.19 3.41 9.18 5.78 4.92 4.64 3.63 Non daily Maha- nagar man,
ICTC Female 4.81%; Double Gujrat ban),
NT - 1083 8924 8245 8836 11751 9719 12880 injectors- rashtra Gujrat West
Street decker- Maha-
PP - 17.67 3.00 10.42 4.10 3.14 2.95 2.23 NA Bengal
ICTC Referred based- 24.19% rashtra
NT - 781 8405 5818 6895 14546 19007 24407
17.31%
ICTC Direct PP - 20.55 12.68 8.07 6.89 6.01 5.82 6.94
% <25 yrs. 29.81 36.82 -
Walk-in NT - 2054 4401 11245 16019 17430 11209 10697
PLHIV Profile, 2009 % Married 91.03 75.81 -
% STI/RTI
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed 2008 2009 2010 2011
yrs Edu. Married
or Divorced No. episodes treated 648 2150 3537 5798
ART (3096) 31 8 35 30 10 % Syphilis positivity 0 21.90 2.65 0.07
DLN (NA) - - - - - Programme Response
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent
Heterosexual Unknown FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe to Child
% of Total MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
89.51 0.85 0.39 0.47 6.92 1.86 IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
(N=1287)
Block-Level Details Comp. TIs 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 2
Bhanjana- Bellagun- ICTCs 3 3 7 14 22 24 26 28
No. HRG- FSW Aska, 66 - - - - - -
gar, 151 tha, 95 Total tested at
- 3035 14027 21090 40655 67891 71019 89002
No. HRG- Bhanjana- Bellagun- ICTCs5
Aska, 117 - - - - - - Blood Banks 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
MSM gar, 104 tha, 56
STI Clinics - - - - 2 2 2 3
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - 1 1 1 1 1
City Link ART centres - - - - - - 4 4
A. H. Puru- Bhanjana- Bhuguda Chikiti Christian
% Positive, A. H. Aska, Belaguntha Chatrapour Hos-
sottampur, gar SDH, CHC II CHC, Hosp., PLHA Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
ICTC 2009 3.4 CHC, 2.17 SDH 1.19 pital,
3.55 4.8 1.98 1.36 6.07 Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 23 27 27 53 53
11.42
Bhan- Bhu- City Comm. Care Centers - - - - 1 1 1 1
A. H. Puru- Chikiti Christian
% Positive, A. H. Aska, Belaguntha janagar guda Chatrapour Hos-
sottampur, CHC, Hosp., Drop-in-Centers - - - - 1 1 1 1
PPTCT 2009 0.43 CHC, 0.14 SDH, CHC II, SDH, 0.11 pital,
0.25 0.13 0.24
0.19 0.22 0.21 Condom Outlets 20 20 20 22 18 24 24 19
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Jagatsinghpur
Background:
Jagatsinghpur is one of the coastal districts of Odisha, which got the Jagatsinghpur
recognition of a district on 1 April 1991. It is bordered by Bay of Bengal District

on the east, Kendrapara in north, Cuttack in west and Puri district in

south. It has a population of 11.36 lakhs with a sex ratio of 967 females
per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 80.88% with an overall
literacy rate of 87.13% (2011 Census). The economy of Jagatsinghpur
district mainly depends on agriculture. The key crops of the district are
paddy, sugarcane, turmeric and cotton. Processing, manufacturing,
repairing and fisheries industries have a dominant contribution towards
the economic development of Jagatsinghpur. Paradeep Port and fertilizer
factory are located in this district. The major highway that passes through
Jagatsinghpur is National Highway 5A.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• As per 2010 HSS-ANC data, HIV prevalence among ANC attendees in 2010 was low, with a fluctuating trend at low levels.
• Based on 2011 PPTCT data, the level of HIV positivity was low (0.08%) among the clients, with a stable trend.
• As per 2010 HSS-FSW data, HIV prevalence among FSWs was low, but due to lack of data, a trend could not be determined.
• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.46%) and female (0.94%) clients and also among referred (0.65%)
and direct walk-in (0.46%) clients, showing a stable trend.
• As per mapping conducted, FSW (220) was the only HRG mapped in the district.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.04%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 5.41% of the male population was migrant, 10.22% of them migrated to other states and 60.22% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Mumbai and Thane in Maharashtra.
• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 93% and 29.6% respectively (DLHS-III).
• One composite TI was operational in the district in 2011.
• In 2007, RRCs were established to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. 18 RRCs were operational in districts during 2011

Key Recommendations:
• Strengthen outreach activities for migrants at both source and transit sites like bus stand and railway station.
• Strengthen efforts towards prevention of spousal transmission through couple counseling at ICTC and strengthening overall PPTCT
programme.
• Improved assessment of typology of FSWs and size and profile of the clients’ population, including migrants and truckers, will help in better
understanding of district vulnerabilities.
• Further analysis of ICTC/PPTCT data needs to be done for a better understanding of the dynamics of HIV transmission, even though the level of
HIV epidemic profile was low.
• Availability of ART or DLN data would help in understanding of district vulnerabilities.
• Generate information on typology of HRG population to understand better district epidemiological profile.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 33

 Jagatsinghpur
District Population: 11,36,604 (2.71% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 80.88%; ANC Utilization2: 79.1%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 0 0 0.50 0 0.25 0 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 400 400 400 400 400 397 state state district
PP - - * 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.08 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 220 0 0 29160 2980 17559 8621
NT - - * 1736 1381 2077 2481 2479 Year: NA) migration
PP * * * * * * * % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 100 0 0 5.41 0.55 3.26 1.60
NT * * * * * * * pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.02 0 0 100 10.22 60.22 29.56
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - 0 0 Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - 250 206 Program Coverage - - -
PP - - - - - -
HSS-MSM Home based- Kothi-
NT - - - - - - Daily
NA; NA;
PP - - - - - - Injectors-
HSS-IDU Brothel Panthi- Mumbai Solan,
NT - - - - - - NA; Thane, Haora,
Typology based- NA; (Subur- Hi-
Non daily Maha- West -

34 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP - - 0.73 1.10 0.27 0.33 0.56 0.46 NA; Double ban), Ma- machal
ICTC Male injectors- rashtra Bengal
NT - - 689 1917 2951 3667 3383 2368 Street based- decker- harashtra Pradesh
NA
PP - - 1.76 0.69 0.42 0.51 1.28 0.94 NA NA
ICTC Female
NT - - 398 2027 1431 1362 858 426 % <25 yrs. - - -
PP - - 0.95 0.58 0.22 0.20 0.60 0.65 % Married - - -
ICTC Referred
NT - - 943 2067 2274 2510 2342 1071 STI/RTI
ICTC Direct PP - - 14.58 1.23 0.43 0.56 0.84 0.46 2008 2009 2010 2011
Walk-in NT - - 144 1877 2108 2519 1899 1723
No. episodes treated 0 855 3935 7847
PLHIV Profile, 2009
% Syphilis Positivity 0 0 0 0.04
%
% 15- % Ill., Prim. % Programme Response
% On ART Widowed
24yrs Edu. Married No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
or Divorced
ART (NA) - - - - - FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
DLN (NA) - - - - - MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe to Child
ICTCs - - 3 3 3 3 3 3
% of Total
73.33 0 6.67 0 13.33 6.67 Total tested at
(N=15) - - 1886 5680 5763 7106 6722 5273
ICTCs5
Block-Level Details
Blood Banks 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - -
STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- ART centres - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
MSM
Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 10 14 14 17 18
% Positive,
- - - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -

% Positive, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 8 8 24 24

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Jajpur
Background: 

Jajpur district is located in the eastern region of Odisha. The district has Jajpur District
a population of 18.26 lakhs with a sex ratio of 972 females per 1,000
males, and a female literacy rate of 73.37% with an overall literacy rate of
80.44% (2011 Census). The economy of Jajpur district mainly depends on
agriculture. However, mining also plays a dominant role in the economy of
the district. In recent years, Jajpur district has taken major strides in industrial
development. The most industrially developed area of the district, Kalinga
Nagar, is situated in Danagadi Block, where currently four small steel plants
are operating and nine more are on their way to start production, thus
attracting more in-migrants from across the state. The major highways that
pass through Jajpurare National Highways 5, 5A, 200 and 215.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate (0.82%) among the ANC attendee with a fluctuating trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.04%) and Blood Bank (0%) clients, with a stable trend.
• Based on 2010 HSS data, the level of HIV positivity was low (1.23%) among FSWs, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.73%) and female (0.28%) clients and also among referred (0.53%) and
direct walk-in (0.61%) clients, representing a stable trend.
• As per mapping conducted, FSW (676; 84.39% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by IDU (125; 15.61%). For FSWs,
34.5% were home-based and 65.5% were street based.
• In 2011, 3,582 STI/RTI episodes were treated among STI clinic attendees and among them the syphilis positivity rate was 0.39%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 4.04% of the male population was migrant, 13.46% of them migrated to other states and 57.91% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Kolkatain West Bengal and Surat in Gujarat, which were high prevalence
states.
• In 2009, of the 188 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 2% were 15-24 years of age, 34% were on ART, 31% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 8% were widowed or divorced.
• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 90% and 35.7%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• A total of three TIs were operational in the district in 2011.
• In 2007 RRCs were established to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. There were 27 operational RRCs in the district in2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Conduct disaggregated analysis of HSS-ANC data to assess risk factors.
• Strengthen outreach activities for migrants at both source and transit sites like bus stand and railway station.
• Further analysis of ICTC/PPTCT and ART data needs to be done to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among FSWs and IDUs.
• Improved assessment of the size and profile of FSW’s client populations, including migrants and truckers, will help in understanding of district
vulnerabilities.
• Strengthen outreach programmes through awareness campaigns around industries, truck halt points and highways in the district.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 35

 Jajpur
District Population: 18,26,275 (4.35% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 73.37%; ANC Utilization2: 63.8%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.82 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 368 state state district
PP - - * 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.04 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 676 0 125 33273 4480 19267 9526
NT - - * 1644 1490 3568 3128 2453 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 0 0 * 0 0 - 0
Blood Bank % of male
NT 1119 1524 1501 * 2112 1282 - 2177 % Total HRG 84.39 0 15.61 4.04 0.54 2.34 1.16
pop.
PP - - - - - -
HSS-STD % of total
NT - - - - - - % Total Pop. 0.04 0 0.01 100 13.46 57.91 28.63
PP - - - 0 0.40 1.23 migration
HSS-FSW Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-stateout-migration
NT - - - 250 250 243
PP - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - Home based- Kothi-
Daily
PP - - - - - - 34.50%; NA;
HSS-IDU Injectors-
NT - - - - - - Brothel Panthi-
NA; Kolkata, Haora, Thane,
PP - * 2.83 1.45 0.97 0.87 0.55 0.73 Typology based- NA; Surat, South
ICTC Male Non daily West Ben- West Maha-

36 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - * 601 1447 2161 4380 3824 3282 0%; Double Gujarat Delhi
injectors- gal Bengal rashtra
PP - * 2.39 0.97 2.32 1.07 0.97 0.28 Street based- decker-
ICTC Female NA
NT - * 461 1131 991 2143 2064 1797 65.50% NA
PP - * 2.07 0.78 0.99 0.70 0.50 0.53 % <25 yrs. 43.25 - -
ICTC Referred
NT - * 579 1280 1417 3550 3017 2623 % Married - - -
ICTC Direct PP - * 3.31 1.69 1.73 1.21 0.91 0.61
STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - * 483 1298 1735 2973 2871 2456
PLHIV Profile, 2009 2008 2009 2010 2011
% No. episodes treated 0 732 1112 3582
% 15- % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed % Syphilis positivity 0 1.78 0 0.39
24yrs Edu. Married
or Divorced Programme Response
ART (188) 34 2 31 45 8 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - -
FSW TIs - - - - - 1 1 1
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown IDU TIs - - - - - - - 1
Transfusion Syringe to Child
% of Total Comp. TIs 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1
100 0 0 0 0 0
(N=29) ICTCs 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5
Block-Level Details Total tested at
Sukinda, - 485 1409 4222 4642 10091 9016 7532
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - ICTCs5
400 Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
MSM ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
Dana-
% Positive, Dasarath- Binjharpur, Rasulpur, Dharmasala, Baracha- Korei, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 12 17 17 27 27
Jajpur, 0.92 Bari, 1.12 gadi,
ICTC 2009 pur, 0.96 2.31 1.06 2.68 na, 0 0.73
0.92 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
Ra-
% Positive, Dasarath- Binjhar- Dharmasala, Baracha- Dana- Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
Jajpur, 0.14 Bari, 0 sulpur, Korei, 0
PPTCT 2009 pur, 0.19 pur, 0 0 na, 0 gadi, 0 Condom Outlets 8 8 8 10 - 15 24 30
0

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Jharsuguda
Background:
Jharsuguda district is situated in the Western part of Odisha. The district has a
Jharsuguda District
population of 5.79 lakhs with a sex ratio of 951 females per 1,000 males, and
a female literacy rate of 70.05% with an overall literacy rate of 78.36% (2011
Census). The economy of Jharsuguda district mainly depends on agriculture.
The district is also rich in coal and other mineral reserves. Of late, many small
and medium scale iron and steel industries have been set up in the vicinity of
Jharsuguda town, giving impetus to the industrial growth of the district and
thereby attracting more in-migrants. The major highways that pass through
Jharsuguda are National Highways 10 and 200.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low (0.25%) among the ANC attendees, with a fluctuating trend.
• In 2011 the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.13%) and Blood Bank (0.06%) clients, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees were low among male clients (0.86%) and female clients (0.40%), as well as among referred
clients (0.73%) and direct walk-in clients (0.72%) with a stable trend over the last few years.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 1.3%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 4.19% of the male population was migrant, 10.58% of them migrated to other states and 44.26% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top destination district for out-of-state migration was Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh.
• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 65.7% and 24.5%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• In 2009, of the 98 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 4% were 15-24 years of age, 48% were on ART, 19% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education.
• In 2007, RRCs were established to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. There were 11 RRCs operational in the district in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Considering low HIV prevalence in the district, prevention strategies should be strengthened to maintain the epidemic at low level.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaign around truck halt points and highways in the district.
• Through further analysis of ICTC/PPTCT and ART data, there is a need to better understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among FSW and
MSM.
• Strengthen IEC activities to increase testing at ICTCs, specifically for out migrants and HRGs in Jharsuguda district.
• Additional data on HIV vulnerability like HRG size, typology and profile should be made available to get a better understanding of HIV
epidemiological profile of the district.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 37

 Jharsuguda
District Population: 5,79,499 (1.38% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 70.05%; ANC Utilization2: 57.9%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0 0 2.00 0.25 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - * 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.13 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 79 32 0 10950 1159 4846 4945
NT - - * 2882 3326 3368 2981 3138 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 0 0.09 0.02 0 0.17 0 0.06
Blood Bank % of male
NT 2101 2794 3339 4977 2883 4612 4867 3211 % Total HRG 71.17 28.83 0 4.19 0.44 1.85 1.89
pop.
PP - - - - - -
HSS-STD % of total
NT - - - - - - % Total Pop. 0.01 0.01 0 100 10.58 44.26 45.16
migration
PP - - - - - -
HSS-FSW Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
HSS-MSM Home based- Kothi-
NT - - - - - - Daily
PP - - - - - - NA NA;
HSS-IDU Injectors-
NT - - - - - - Brothel Panthi-
NA; Raigarh,
PP - 0.74 1.92 0.83 0.47 0.84 0.40 0.86 Typology based- NA;
Non daily Chhat- - - - -

38 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

ICTC Male NA Double
NT - 407 781 1686 2328 2621 2760 2432 injectors- tisgarh
Street based- decker-
PP - 0.75 1.02 0.23 0.12 0.25 0.77 0.40 NA
ICTC Female NA NA
NT - 398 688 1763 831 1207 1168 1010
PP - 0.67 1.62 0.49 0.26 0.56 0.58 0.73 % <25 yrs. - - -
ICTC Referred % Married - - -
NT - 449 1048 2843 1958 3015 3249 2749
ICTC Direct PP - 0.84 1.19 0.66 0.58 0.98 0.15 0.72 STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - 356 421 606 1201 813 679 693 2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009 No. episodes treated 0 712 2951 3195
% % Syphilis positivity 0 0 1.62 1.30
% 15- % Ill., Prim. %
% On ART Widowed
24yrs Edu. Married Programme Response
or Divorced
ART (98) 48 4 19 40 5 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - - FSW TIs - - - - 1 1 1 -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Hetero- Homo- Blood Needle/ Parent IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Unknown
sexual sexual Transfusion Syringe to Child Comp. TIs - - - - - - - -
% of Total ICTCs 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
100 0 0 0 0 0
(N=25) Total tested at
Block-Level Details - 805 2157 6331 6485 7196 6909 6580
ICTCs5
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - -
Blood Banks 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
No. HRG- STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
MSM ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
DHH Jhar- PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
% Positive, DHH Jharsu- Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 5 9 9 9 11
suguda, - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 guda I, 0.14
II 0
Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
DHH Jhar-
% Positive, DHH Jharsu- Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
suguda, - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 guda I, 0.14
II 0 Condom Outlets - - - - 12 21 17 10
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Kalahandi
Background: Kalahandi District
Kalahandi district is located in the South-West region of Odisha. The
district has a population of 15.73lakhs with a sex ratio of 1003 females
per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 47.27% with an overall
literacy rate of 60.22% (2011 Census). Kalahandi has largely an
agriculture based economy. The economically important minerals in the
district including Bauxite, Graphites, Manganese, Iron and Quartz, largely
facilitate the growth of industrial sectors, which attracts in-migration. The
major highways that pass through Kalahandi are National Highways 201
and 217.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the ANC clients, with a stable trend over the years.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.11%) and Blood Bank (0.05%) clients, with a stable trend.
• According to 2010 HSS-MSM data, the level of HIV positivity among MSM was low (3.20%), but due to lack of data, a trend could not be
determined.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.07%) and female (1.08%) clients as well as among referred (1.18%)
and direct walk-in (0.58%) clients, with a stable trend.
• As per mapping conducted in 2009, MSM (121; 55% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by FSW (99; 45% of total HRG).
Of the MSMs, 65.18% were Kothi and 29.15% were Panthi.
• In 2011, 1,825 STI/RTI episodes were treated among STI clinic attendees
• As per the 2001 Census, 3.93% of the male population was migrant. Among the migrant population 23.32% migrated to other states and
24.05% migrated to other districts within the state.
• People were mostly migrating to the districts of Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra.
• In 2009, of the 135 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 2% were 15-24 years of age, 36% were on ART, 19% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 19% were married.
• According to the 2011 data, predominant route of HIV transmission in the district following heterosexual route (92.06%) was parent to child
transmission, which accounted for 7.94% of total HIV transmissions.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 19.4% and 7.5%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• One composite and one MSM TI were functional in the district in 2011. The number of ICTCs in the district remained constant at four since
2008.

Key Recommendations:
• Strengthen HIV prevention strategies in the district to sustain the HIV epidemic at low level.
• There should be strengthening of outreach programs through awareness campaigns for women, migrants and around truck halt points and
highways in the district as there are major highways that intersect through Kalahandi.
• Further analysis of ICTC/PPTCT and ART data needs to be done to better understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among FSW and MSM.
• PPTCT programme needs to be strengthened in the district since the percentage of HIV transmission via parent to child was high.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 39

 Kalahandi
District Population: 15,73,054 (3.75% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 47.27%; ANC Utilization2: 48.1%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0 0 0 0 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - * 0.05 0.11 * 0.04 0.11 Size Est., (Mapping: No. out-
PPTCT 99 121 0 26213 6114 6304 13795
NT - - * 2148 904 * 2376 2721 2009) migration
PP 0 0.03 0.21 0.21 0.26 0.18 0.04 0.05 % male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 45.00 55.00 0 3.93 0.92 0.94 2.07
NT 2322 3885 4686 6152 7287 7324 7374 5731 pop.
PP - - - - - - % total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.01 0.01 0 100 23.32 24.05 52.63
migration
NT - - - - - -
Program Target NA NA NA Top districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - -
HSS-FSW Program Coverage - - -
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - 3.20 Home based- Kothi-
Daily
HSS-MSM NA 68.18%; Mum-
NT - - - - - 250 Injectors-
Brothel Panthi- bai Dantewa-
PP - - - - - - NA; Raipur, Durg, Thane,
HSS-IDU Typology based- 29.15%; (Subur- da ,
Non daily Chhat- Chhatis- Maha-

40 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - - - - - - NA Double ban) , Chhatis-
injectors- tisgarh garh rashtra
PP - - 3.52 2.34 1.23 1.03 0 1.07 Street based- decker- Maha- garh
ICTC Male NA
NT - - 1448 2055 3344 3607 2840 4209 NA 5.67% rashtra
PP - - 2.31 0.97 1.00 0.91 0 1.08 % <25 yrs. - 50.80 -
ICTC Female
NT - - 996 1957 1898 2098 4278 1661 % Married - 14.40 -
PP - - 1.87 - 1.03 1.28 1.22 1.18 STI/RTI
ICTC Referred
NT - - 1124 - 1265 3529 3277 4835 2008 2009 2010 2011
ICTC Direct PP - - 4.02 1.67 1.18 0.51 0.80 0.58 No. episodes treated 0 642 449 1825
Walk-in NT - - 1320 4012 3977 2176 1001 1035 % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0 0
PLHIV Profile, 2009 Programme Response
% No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
% 15-24 % Ill., %
% On ART Widowed FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
yrs Prim. Edu. Married
or Divorced
MSM TIs - - - - - 1 1 1
ART (135) 36 2 19 19 7
IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
DLN (NA) - - - - -
Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
ICTCs - - 3 2 4 4 4 4
Hetero Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent
Unknown Total tested at
sexual Bisexual Transfusion Syringe to Child - - 2660 6160 6146 6583 9494 8591
ICTCs5
% of Total
92.06 0 0 0 7.94 0 Blood Banks 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
(N=63)
Block-Level Details STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
MSM
Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 10 15 15 15 21
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
Dharam- Gola-
% Positive, Bhawani- Junagarh, Kesinga, Koksara, Biswa- M. Ram- Jaipat-
garh, munda, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 patna, 1.55 0.99 0.63 0.34 nathpur, 0 pur, 4.92 na, 0
1.04 1.15 Condom Outlets - - 10 10 10 14 14 18

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Kandhamal
Background:
Kandhamal is one of the centrally located districts of Odisha. It is bound by Kandhamal District
Boudh district on the north, Rayagada, Gajapati & Ganjam districts on the
south, Nayagarh and Ganjam districts on the east and Kalahandi & Balangir
districts on the west. It has a population of 7.31 lakhs with a sex ratio of
1,037 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 52.46% with
an overall literacy rate of 65.12% (2011 Census). The district headquarters is
Phulbani. The economy of Kandhamal district mainly depends on agriculture.
Other sources of income in the district are from wild plants and herbs, and
handicrafts such as Dokra, Terra Cotta, Cane and Bamboo works. The major
highway that passes through Kandhamal is National Highway 217.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• As per 2010 HSS-ANC data, HIV prevalence among pregnant women was low at 0.25% with a rising trend, with a sudden surge in positivity in
2008.
• Based on 2011 PPTCT and Blood Bank data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the clients with a stable trend.
• According to 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.10%) and female (0.11%) clients and also among referred
(0.02%) and direct walk-in (0.95%) clients, representing a stable trend.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 1.48%.
• As per 2001 Census, 6.74% of the male population was migrant, 2.66% of them migrated to other states and 16.78% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• In 2009, of the 18 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 6% were 15-24 years of age, 39% were illiterate or only had a
primary school education and 56% were married.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 40.1% and 6% respectively (DLHS-III).
• During 2011 there were three ICTCs operational in the district.
• Though there was one FSW TI site, there was no HRG mapping information in the district.

Key Recommendations:
• Vulnerability factors in transmission of HIV needs to be analysed from ICTC/ART and STI data even though there was a low level of HIV epidemic
in the district.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaign in the district, around truck halt points and highways.
• Assessment of the size and profile of HRG population, and also data on the migration population will help in better understanding of district
vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 41

 Kandhamal
District Population: 7,31,952 (1.74% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 52.46%; ANC Utilization2: 34.3%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0 0 2.00 0.25 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - - * * 0 0 0 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT - - - 21743 578 3648 17517
NT - - - * * 1683 1655 1682 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02 0 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG - - - 6.74 0.18 1.13 5.43
NT 2586 2569 2254 3467 4479 4650 5266 4486 pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. - - - 100 2.66 16.78 80.56
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for Intra-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - - Program Coverage 0.36 - -
PP - - - - - - Home based- Kothi-
HSS-MSM Daily
NT - - - - - - NA NA;
Injectors-
PP - - - - - - Brothel Panthi-
HSS-IDU NA;
NT - - - - - - Typology based- NA;
Non daily - - - - -

42 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP * * 0.72 0.25 0.13 0.09 0.27 0.10 NA Double
ICTC Male injectors-
Street based- decker-
NT * * 698 1206 2372 4340 2208 3829 NA
NA NA
PP * * 0.93 0.12 0.08 0.05 1.37 0.11
ICTC Female % <25 yrs. - - -
NT * * 216 867 1333 2052 364 947
PP * * - - 0 0 0.29 0.02 % Married - - -
ICTC Referred STI/RTI
NT * * - - 2965 4216 2071 4353
ICTC Direct PP * * 0.77 0.19 0.54 0.23 1.00 0.95 2008 2009 2010 2011
Walk-in NT * * 914 2073 740 2176 501 423 No. episodes treated 704 1401 1112 3390
PLHIV Profile, 2009 % Syphilis positivity 7.19 4.50 0 1.48
% On % 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % % Widowed Programme Response
ART yrs Edu. Married or Divorced No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ART (18) 0 6 39 56 11 FSW TIs - - - - - - - 1
DLN (NA) - - - - - MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Hetero- Homo- Blood Needle/ Parent to Comp. TIs - - - - - - - -
Unknown
sexual sexual Transfusion Syringe Child
ICTCs 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 3
% of Total
100 0 0 0 0 0 Total tested at
(N=25) 61 586 914 2954 3956 8075 4227 6458
ICTCs5
Block-Level Details
Blood Banks 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - -
STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- ART centres - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
MSM
Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 4 5 5 6 6
% Positive, Barakha Brahaman- Daring- Kotagarh, G. Uday Gumagarh Khajuri- K. Nua Phix`ri
ICTC 2009 ma, 1 pad 0 badi 1 0 agiri 4 10 pada, 0 gaon 0 ngia, 0 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -

% Positive, Barakha Brahaman- Daringbadi, Kota- G. Uday Gumagarh, Khajuri- K. Nua Phiri Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 ma, 444 pad, 37 32 garh, 15 agiri, 154 5 pada, 10 gaon, 16 ngia 59 Condom Outlets - - - - - - - 12

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Kendrapara
Background:
Kendrapara district is surrounded by Bay of Bengal in the east, Cuttack Kendrapara District
district in the west, Jagatsinghapur in the south and Jajpur and Bhadrak
districts in the north. The coastline covers 48 km stretching from Dhamra
Muhan to Batighar. The district has a population of 14.39 lakhs with a sex
ratio of 1,006 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 79.51%
with an overall literacy rate of 85.93% (2011 Census). The economy of
Kendrapara district mainly depends on agriculture. The major highway that
passes through Kendrapara is National Highways 5A.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low at
0.25% among the ANC attendees, with a fluctuating trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity among PPTCT attendees was low at 0.03% among the clients, with a stable trend.
• As per 2010 HSS-FSW data, the level of HIV positivity was low among female sex workers, but due to lack of data in the previous years, a trend
could not be determined.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.55%) and female (0.51%) clients as well as among referred (0.46%)
and direct walk-in (0.62%) clients, representing a stable trend.
• As per mapping conducted, MSM (205; 69.02% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district. Typology of MSM population was not
available; however, out of the FSWs, 71.2% were home-based followed by brothel-based (24.4%).
• In 2011, the number of STI/RTI episodes treated was 3,496 and syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.08%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 5.98% of the male population was migrant, 30.21% of them migrated to other states and 51.23% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Surat in Gujarat and South Delhi district of Delhi.
• In 2009, of the 147 PLHIV registered at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre, 5% were 15-24 years of age, 33% were on ART, 32% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 9% were widowed or divorced.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 89.7% and 31%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There was no TI in the district for MSMs, though the number of MSMs outnumbered that of FSWs in the district.
• There had been a scale up of ICTCs in the district from one in 2007 to 10 in 2011. The number of HIV tests done also increased considerably
over the years.
• In 2007,Red Ribbon Clubs were established to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. The number of RRCs increased from 13 in
2007, to 24 operational RRCs in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Outreach efforts should be focused towards migrants at source and transit sites since migration to high prevalent districts could be a driver of
the HIV epidemic in the state.
• Better assessment of MSM profile along with size and profile of clients’ population will help in understanding district vulnerabilities.
• Either through initiation of HSS-MSM site or through further analysis of ICTC/PPTCT data, there needs to be a better understanding of the
dynamics of HIV transmission.
• Focus on the outreach efforts for home based FSW in the district, to maintain the HIV prevalence among FSW at low level.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 43

 Kendrapara
District Population: 14,39,891 (3.4% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 79.51%; ANC Utilization2: 59.4%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0 0 0.75 0.25 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - 0.00 0.05 0.27 0.07 0.05 0.03 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 31 205 61 38669 11681 19810 7178
NT - - 1243 2159 1214 4405 5470 6758 Year:) migration
PP * * * * * * * - % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 10.44 69.02 20.54 5.98 1.81 3.06 1.11
NT * * * * * * * - pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0 0.01 0 100 30.21 51.23 18.56
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - 0 Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for Intra-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - 241 Program Coverage 0.75 0.28 0.09
PP - - - - - -
HSS-MSM Home
NT - - - - - - based- Kothi-
PP - - - - - - Daily
HSS-IDU 71.20%; NA;
NT - - - - - - Injectors- Mumbai
Brothel Panthi- Kolkata,
PP - 2.92 0.85 1.02 1.46 0.86 0.84 0.55 NA; (Subur- Thane,
ICTC Male Typology based- NA; Surat, South West

44 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - 479 1292 2055 1783 1987 3220 4331 Non daily ban) , Maha-
24.40%; Double Gujarat Delhi Bengal
PP - 2.01 1.28 0.79 0.34 0.77 1.32 0.51 injectors- Maha- rashtra
ICTC Female Street decker-
NT - 249 705 1637 1191 1033 1291 2162 NA rashtra
based- NA
ICTC PP - 2.63 1.22 1.07 1.11 1.20 0.60 0.46 4.40%
Referred NT - 380 987 1126 810 666 2166 3248 % <25 yrs. 17.60 - -
ICTC Direct PP - 2.59 0.79 0.86 0.97 0.72 1.32 0.62
% Married 74.00 - -
Walk-in NT - 348 1010 2566 2164 2354 2345 3245
STI/RTI
PLHIV Profile, 2009
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % % Widowed 2008 2009 2010 2011
% On ART No. episodes treated 260 1685 2139 3496
yrs Edu. Married or Divorced
ART (147) 33 5 32 39 9 % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0.14 0.08
DLN (NA) - - - - - Programme Response
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Blood Needle/ Parent to FSW Tis - - - - - 1 1 1
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe Child MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
% of Total IDU Tis - - - - - - - -
94.29 0 0 0 5.71 0
(N=35) Comp. TIs - - 1 1 - - - -
Block-Level Details ICTCs 1 1 2 1 5 5 7 10
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - Total tested at
FSW - 728 3240 5851 4188 7425 9981 13251
ICTCs5
No. HRG- Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
MSM STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- ART centres - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
IDU
PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
% Positive, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 13 18 18 24 24
- - - - - - - - -
ICTC
Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
Patta-
% Positive, Mar- Mahaka- Rajkani- Rajna- Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
Aul, 0 Derabhis, 0 Indupur 0 Patkura, 0 mundai,
PPTCT saghai, 0 lapada, 0 ka, 0 gar, 0 Condom Outlets - - 10 8 - 8 8 8
0.16
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Kendujhar
Background: 

Kendujhar District, also known as Keonjhar, is a land locked district situated Kendujhar District
in the northern part of Odisha. The district has a population of 18.02 lakhs
with a sex ratio of 987 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy
rate of 58.70% with an overall literacy rate of 69% (2011 Census). About
30 percent of the total area is covered with dense tracts of forests. The
economy of Kendujhar district mainly depends on agriculture. It is highly
rich in mineral resources and has vast deposits of iron, manganese and
chromium ores. Presence of mines attracts in-migration. The major highway
that passes through Kendujhar is National Highway 215.

HIV Epidemic Profile: 


• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low (0.25%) among the ANC attendees, positivity levels showed a fluctuating

trend. 

• In 2011 the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT and Blood Bank (0.1%)
 attendees, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.60%) and 
female (0.81%) clients and also low among direct walk-in
(1.08%) and referred (0.44%) clients. Trend was stable for all ICTC attendees. 

• As per mapping conducted, FSW (328; 69.94% of total HRG) was the largest HRG

in the district, followed by MSM (141;30.06% of total HRG).
Of the FSW, 25.69% were home-based and 74.31% were street-based. 

• In 2011, 3,954 STI/RTI episodes were treated. 


• As per the 2001 Census, 5% of the male population was migrant, 4.62% of them migrated to other states and 34.62% migrated to other

districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Pashchimi Singhbhum in Jharkhand and South Delhi.
• In 2009, of the 111 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 8% were 15-24 years of age, 32% were on ART, 29% were illiterate or only had a
primary school education and 9% were widowed/divorced.
• Heterosexual transmission accounts for 79.41% of the transmission from parent to child accounted for 8.82% of total transmissions. Also, HIV
transmission through blood and homosexuals was considerable at 5.88%.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 17.3% and 1.2%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There were five ICTCs in the district and two composite TIs functional in the district in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Conduct sub-group analysis of HSS-ANC attendees to understand risk factors for HIV epidemic among general population.
• Focused IEC for general population with HIV awareness and sexual risk reduction messages is recommended.
• In-depth analysis of ICTC and ART data needs to be done to understand the profile of these attendees since the parent to child transmission rate
was high.
• There is a need to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among HRGs, either through initiation of HRG sites for HIV Sentinel Surveillance
or further analysis of ICTC/PPTCT and ART data.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of FSW’s client populations, including migrants and truckers, will improve the understanding of district
vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 45

 Kendujhar
District Population: 18,02,777 (4.29% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 58.70%; ANC Utilization2: 47.5%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0.50 0 0.75 0.25 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 401 400 400 state state district
PP - - * * 0 0 0.11 0 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 328 141 0 39523 1824 13684 24015
NT - - * * 1318 1899 1894 2728 Year:) migration
PP 0.02 0.06 0.05 0 0.03 0.02 0.14 0.10
Blood Bank % of male
NT 4018 5284 6064 6675 7790 9801 4943 8199 % Total HRG 69.94 30.06 0 5 0.23 1.73 3.04
pop.
PP - - - - - -
HSS-STD % of total
NT - - - - - - % Total Pop. 0.02 0.01 0 100 4.62 34.62 60.76
migration
PP - - - - - -
HSS-FSW Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - - Program Coverage 354 101 -
HSS-MSM Home based- Kothi-
NT - - - - - - Daily
PP - - - - - - 25.69%; 5.94%;
HSS-IDU Injectors-
NT - - - - - - Brothel Panthi- Pashchimi
NA; Korba,
PP - - * 1.80 0.41 0.83 0.63 0.60 Typology based- 17.82%; Singh- South
Non daily Chhatis- - -

46 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

ICTC Male 0%; Double bhum, Delhi
NT - - * 1109 2957 3496 3346 3527 injectors- garh
Street based- decker- Jharkhand
PP - - * 0.68 0.38 1.51 1.30 0.81 NA
ICTC Female 74.31% 76.24%
NT - - * 1319 1589 1393 1077 1613
% <25 yrs. - 37.85 -
ICTC PP - - * 1.08 0.43 0.76 0.73 0.44
Referred NT - - * 2232 3047 3291 3161 3383 % Married - 17.23 -
ICTC Direct PP - - * 2.55 0.33 1.56 0.95 1.08 STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - - * 196 1499 1598 1262 1757 2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009 No. episodes treated 0 1293 3017 3954
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % % Widowed % Syphilis positivity 0 0 2.23 0
% On ART
yrs Edu. Married or Divorced Programme Response
ART (111) 32 8 29 41 9
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent to MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Heterosexual Unknown IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe Child
% of Total Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 3 3 2
79.41 5.88 5.88 0 8.82 0
(N=34) ICTCs - - 3 4 5 5 5 5
Block-Level Details Total tested at
No. HRG- - - 606 3159 5864 6788 6317 7868
- - - - - - - - - ICTCs5
FSW Blood Banks 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4
No. HRG- STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
MSM ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
- - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
IDU
SDH An- Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 12 19 19 21 27
% Positive, DHH Kendu-
adapur, - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 jhar I, 1.53 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
0.34
% Positive, DHH Kendu- SDH Anan- Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 jhar I, 0 dpur, 0 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 10 24 25 18

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Khordha
Background: 

Khordha district is bound by Cuttack in the north and north-east, by Khordha District
Nayagarh in the west, by Puri in the south and by Ganjam district in the
south west. The district has population of 22.46 lakhs with sex ratio of
925 females per 1,000 males and a female literacy rate of 82.06% with
an overall literacy rate of 87.51% (2011 Census). Bhubaneswar, the capital
of the state is the most important city of the district. All the economic
development of this district is prominently displayed by the developments
going on in Bhubaneswar, be it in infrastructure, industry, education, health,
IT or any other field. The district has the most important tourist attractions
of the state. The major highways that pass through Khordha are National
Highways 5 and 203. 

HIV Epidemic Profile: 


• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was high at 1% among

the ANC attendees, with a fluctuating trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.08%) and Blood
 Bank (0.05%) clients, with a stable trend.

• According to 2010 HSS data, the level of HIV positivity was low among FSWs (0.47%) and MSM, but moderate among IDUs at 8.80%. FSWs

showed a declining trend, whereas HIV prevalence among IDUs was stable. Due to absence of multiple data points for MSM, a trend could not

be determined. 

• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.68%) and
 female (0.59%) clients, as well as among referred (0.56%)
and direct walk-in (0.84%) clients, with an overall declining trend. 


• As per mapping conducted, IDU (798; 64.83%) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by FSW (373; 30.30% of total HRG) and MSM (60;
4.87% of total HRG). Of the FSWs, 36.54% were home-based and 49.23% were street-based.
• In 2011,the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.77%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 5.10% of the male population was migrant, 18.95% of them migrated to other states and 31.11% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for migration were Surat in Gujarat and Mumbai (Suburban) in Maharashtra.
• In 2009, of the 388 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 28% were on ART, 4% were 15-24 years of age, 25% were illiterate or only had a
primary school education and 33% were married.
• Heterosexual transmission accounted for 80.84% of the transmission, but more importantly, transmission through needle/syringe accounted for
7.78% of total HIV transmissions.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 89.6% and 30.8%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There was one TI for each type of HRG and there were 13 ICTCs in the district in 2011.
• There was a steep rise in the number of RRCs from 22 in 2009 to 48 in 2011 in the district.

Key Recommendations:
• Conduct sub-group analysis of HSS-ANC clients to understand HIV risk factors among general population.
• Moderate to high HIV prevalence among IDUs necessitates sub-group analysis to understand risk factors, and considering large number of IDUs
in the district increase and intensive coverage through a second TI is recommended.
• Focus on IDU-FSW sexual network and address the dual risk that is posed due to high rates of infection among IDUs, and the district being a
major economic and tourist centre with presence of large numbers of female sex workers.
• Intensify outreach activities with HIV prevention messages for migrants at source and destination sites.
• Collect and analyze data at TIs and ART centre to understand profile of high risk groups.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 47

 Khordha
District Population: 22,46,341 (5.35% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 82.06%; ANC Utilization2: 67.4%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0.25 0 0 1.00 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - - 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.10 0.08 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 373 60 798 50250 9524 15633 25093
NT - - - 4715 2126 5518 4090 15312 year: NA) migration
PP 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.05 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 30.30 4.87 64.83 5.10 0.97 1.59 2.54
NT 18682 20004 20902 21994 26209 12154 31995 33546 pop.
PP 6.40 5.20 2.00 3.61 0.41 1.20 % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.02 0 0.04 100 18.95 31.11 49.94
NT 250 250 250 249 246 250 migration
PP 7.60 2.80 0.80 0 0.81 0.47 Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT 251 250 250 250 248 214 Program Coverage - - -
PP - - - - 2.00 0 Home
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - 250 250 based- Kothi-
PP - - 10.40 9.60 13.60 8.80 Daily
HSS-IDU 36.54%; 26.96%; Mum-
NT - - 250 250 250 250 Injectors-
Brothel Panthi- bai
NA; Thane, Pune,
PP - 5.72 4.29 3.86 2.31 1.04 0.87 0.68 Typology based- 11.86%; Surat, (Sub- South

48 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

ICTC Male Non daily Maha- Maha-
NT - 1014 1491 2876 4537 8749 11799 15969 14.23%; Double Gujarat urban), Delhi
injectors- rashtra rashtra
PP - 6.94 3.87 2.18 1.32 0.87 0.75 0.59 Street decker- Maha-
ICTC Female NA
NT - 245 672 1836 3188 5738 7917 10054 based- 61.17% rashtra
ICTC PP - 9.19 6.99 4.79 2.17 1.05 0.67 0.56 49.23%
Referred NT - 555 415 1024 4152 8322 12320 18766 % <25 yrs. 47.07 26.30 30.83
ICTC Direct PP - 3.41 3.49 2.77 1.60 0.88 1.07 0.84 % Married 39.96 48.19 56.07
Walk-in NT - 704 1748 3688 3573 6165 7492 7257 STI/RTI
PLHIV Profile, 2009 2008 2009 2010 2011
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % % Widowed No. episodes treated 79 4481 6759 12999
% On ART
yrs Edu. Married or Divorced % Syphilis positivity 0 3.37 0.25 0.77
ART (388) 28 4 25 33 7 Programme Response
DLN (NA) - - - - -
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
FSW TIs - - - - 1 1 1 1
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent to
Heterosexual Unknown MSM TIs - - - - 1 1 1 1
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe Child
IDU TIs - - - - 1 1 1 1
% of Total
80.84 1.80 2.40 7.78 6.59 0.60 Comp. TIs 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
(N=167)
Block-Level Details ICTCs 1 1 5 4 8 13 13 13
No. HRG- Total tested at
- - - - - - - - - - 1259 2163 9427 9851 20005 23806 41335
FSW ICTCs5
Blood Banks 5 5 8 8 8 8 9 10
No. HRG- STI Clinics - - - - 2 3 3 3
- - - - - - - - -
MSM
ART centres - - - - - - - 1
No. HRG- Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
IDU PLHIV Networks - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 17 22 22 43 48
% Positive, Balipatna, Balianta, Khordha, Jatani, Begunia, Bologarh, Tangi, Chilika,
BBSR, 1.51
ICTC 2009 1.1 0.47 1.67 1.08 0.96 0.7 1.12 1.81 Comm. Care Centers - - - - 1 1 1 1

% Positive, Bhubane- Balipatna, Balianta, Khordha, Jatani, Begunia, Bologarh, Tangi, Chilika, Drop-in-Centers - - - 1 1 1 1 1
PPTCT 2009 swar, 0.21 0.3 0.2 0.23 0.22 0.24 0.15 0.26 0.24 Condom Outlets 8 8 15 15 52 55 55 62

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Koraput
Background: 

Koraput is a tribal district situated along the Eastern Ghats. It is bordered in Koraput District
the North by Nabarangpur, Kalahandi and Rayagada Districts of Odisha, in
the South and East by Vijayanagaram and Visakhapatnam Districts of Andhra
Pradesh, in the West by Bastar District of Chhatisgarh and in the South West
by Malkangiri District, Odisha. The district has a population of 13.76 lakhs
with a sex ratio of 1031females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy
rate of 38.92% with an overall literacy rate of 49.87% (2011 Census).
The economy of the district is mainly dependent upon cultivation and is
known as one of the centres for origin of rice. Koraput is known for its rich
and diverse mineral deposits. Presence of Bauxite mines at Damanjodiinin
Koraput attracts in-migration. Some of the scenic places in Koraput attract a 

lot of tourists from across the state. The major highway that passes through Koraput

is National Highway 201.


HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low (0.38%) among
 the ANC attendees, with a rising trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.14%) and Blood
 Bank (0.13%) clients. Whereas a stable trend was witnessed
for PPTCT, HIV prevalence among blood donors showed a declining trend in last five years.



• According to 2010 HSS data, HIV prevalence among FSWs was low at 4.03%, but

due to lack of data in the previous years, a trend could not
be determined for the positivity among FSWs. 

• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.36%) and  female (2.92%) clients, also among referred (1.64%) and
direct walk-in (2.18%) clients. The positivity levels were initially high moderate, it has stabilized at low levels over last five years.


• As per mapping conducted, FSW (133; 100% of total HRG) was the only HRG in the district, among them 67.78% were street-based and
23.49% were home-based.
• In 2011, 3,346 STI/RTI episodes were treated.
• As per the 2001 Census, 5.37% of the male population was migrant and of which 10.88% migrated to other states and 30.55% migrated to
other districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Vizianagaram in Andhra Pradesh and Bastar in Chhattisgarh.
• In 2009, of the 262 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 5% were 15-24 years of age, 72% were on ART, 1% were illiterate or only had a primary
school education.
• The heterosexual route of HIV transmission was 89.45% in the district, but more prominently, concerned contribution to the epidemic was from
parent to child, which was high at 8.04%.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women were.7% and 2.6%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There has been a rapid scale-up of ICTCs from 2008 onwards, with total of15 ICTCs functional in 2011 in the district.

Key Recommendations:
• Strengthen HIV prevention strategies in order to maintain the HIV epidemic at low levels in the district.
• Create awareness through regular campaigning among women and hard-to-reach sub-groups such as home-based FSW.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of FSW’s client population, including migrants and truckers, will help in understanding district
vulnerabilities.
• Strengthen outreach activities with HIV awareness and sexual risk reduction messages for out-migrating population, and at truck halt points.
• Strengthen PPTCT programme in the district to prevent parent to child transmission of HIV, which was high.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 49

 Koraput
District Population: 13,76,934 (3.28% of Orissa Population); Female Literacy1: 38.92%; ANC Utilization2: 44.9%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - 0 0 0.38
HSS-ANC Intra-
NT4 - - - 400 400 800 FSW MSM IDU Overall Inter-state Intra-district
PP - - * 0.34 0.20 0.27 0.23 0.14 state
PPTCT Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
NT - - * 2615 4528 5464 5634 8049 133 0 0 31625 3440 9663 18522
PP 0.30 0.34 0.32 1.00 0.41 0.14 0.07 0.13 Year: NA) migration
Blood Bank
NT 2937 3505 2760 2880 3630 4063 4304 4631 % of male
PP 5.20 4.00 3.20 1.60 1.62 2.41 % Total HRG 100 0 0 5.37 0.58 1.64 3.14
HSS-STD pop.
NT 250 250 250 250 247 249
% of total
PP - - - - - 4.03 % Total Pop. 0.01 0 0 100 10.88 30.55 58.57
HSS-FSW migration
NT - - - - - 248
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
PP - - - - - - Home
HSS-IDU
NT - - - - - - based- Kothi-
PP - 9.13 7.35 2.41 2.94 2.91 3.72 1.36 Daily
ICTC Male 23.49%; NA;
NT - 515 1470 3199 2823 3784 20497 8069 Injectors-
Brothel Panthi- Viziana Visakha Dantew
PP - 8.57 6.03 1.46 1.94 2.24 4.64 2.92 NA; Bastar, Satara,
ICTC Female Typology based- NA; garam, patnam, ada ,

50 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - 315 1227 4096 3512 4373 9719 3046 Non daily Chhatis Maha
8.73%; Double Andhra Andhra Chhatis
PP - 9.32 5.33 1.75 2.36 2.32 2.95 1.64 injectors- garh rashtra
ICTC Referred Street decker- Pradesh Pradesh garh
NT - 526 1690 5664 3646 5440 19007 8035 NA
ICTC Direct PP - 8.22 9.14 2.33 2.42 3.02 5.82 2.18 based- NA
Walk-in NT - 304 1007 1631 2689 2717 11209 3080 67.78%
PLHIV Profile, 2009 % <25 yrs. 39.05 - -
% Ill., % Married 26.00 - -
% Widowed or
% On ART % 15-24 yrs Prim. % Married STI/RTI
Divorced
Edu. 2008 2009 2010 2011
ART (262) 72 5 1 2 1
DLN (NA) - - - - - No. episodes treated 762 1878 2794 3346
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 % Syphilis positivity 0 1.10 0 0
Blood Needle/ Programme Response
Heterosexual Homosexual Parent to Child Unknown No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Transfusion Syringe
% of Total FSW TIs - - - - - - 1 2
89.45 0.50 0.50 0 8.04 1.51 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
(N=199)
Block-Level Details IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Combined Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 1 1 -
Jeypore + Semiliguda, Koraput, ICTCs 1 1 3 3 7 11 12 15
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - -
Boriguma + 143 187
Total tested at
Kotpad, 300 - 830 3473 9910 10863 13621 35850 19164
No. HRG- ICTCs5
- - - - - - - - - Blood Banks 2 3 3 5 5 5 5 5
MSM
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 2
ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
DHH HAL Hospital Potangi SDH Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
% Positive, DHH koraput
- - koraput I, Sunabeda, - CHC, Jeypore, - PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
ICTC 2009 II, 5.33
3.46 1.52 1.44 1.54 Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 10 13 13 15 15
Comm. Care Centers - - - - 1 1 1 1
% Positive, Koraput, Jeypore, Sunabeda, Kotpad, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - 1 1 1
- - - - -
PPTCT 2009 0.1 0.32 0.46 0 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 8 8 14 14
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Malkangiri
Background: 

Malkangiri is a tribal district which is divided into two distinct geographical Malkangiri District
divisions. The eastern part is covered with steep ghats, plateaus, valleys
and the rest of the district is comparatively flat plain broken by a number
of rocky wooded hills. The district has a population of 6.12 lakhs with a
sex ratio of 1,016 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate
of 38.95% with an overall literacy rate of 49.49% (2011 Census). The
economy of Malkangiri district mainly depends on the agriculture. Forestry
and fishing are the other occupations of the inhabitants. Malkangiri district
is considered as the hub of economically important minerals in Odisha. The
major highway that passes through Malkangiri is Ranchi-Vijayawada State
Highway. 

HIV Epidemic Profile: 


• Based on 2010 HSS ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate at 0.50%,

representing an increasing trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among PPTCT (0.16%) and Blood Bank
 (0%) attendees, with a stable trend.

• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.69%) and female (0.93%) clients, as well as among referred (1.18%)

and direct walk-in (4.44%) clients. Overall there was a stable trend except for a steep rise for direct walk-in clients in 2011, (which probably

could be because of the drop in the number of clients tested in 2011). 

• In 2009, of the 25 PLHIV registered at the ART centre; 4% were 15-24 years of age,
 68% were on ART, , 4% were illiterate or only had a primary
school education. 


• According to the 2011 data, heterosexual transmission accounts for 80.95% for HIV transmission, though more notably parent to child accounts
for 14.29% of total transmissions.
• As per mapping conducted in 2009, FSW (115, 87.79% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by MSM (16, 12.21% of total
HRG).
• In 2011, 1,632 episodes of STI/RTI were treated among STI clinic attendees
• As per the 2001 Census, 3.21% of the male population was migrant, 12.13% of them migrated to other states and 18.83% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top destination for out-of-state migration was Dantewada in Chhattisgarh.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 0.9% and 0.7%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There were two ICTCs operational in the district.

Key Recommendations:
• Conduct socio-demographic analysis of HSS-ANC attendees to assess HIV risk factors and develop prevention strategies.
• Data assessment and analysis of HIV positive people at ICTC/PPTCT, ART and Blood Bank is recommended to understand the source and spread
of HIV.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaign and sexual risk reduction messages, especially among women.
• There is a need to better understand the profile of antenatal clinic attendees and their spouses and strengthen PPTCT programme, since the
percentage of transmission via parent to child was high.
• Expand coverage of HIV counseling and testing in the district to detect positive cases at early stage.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 51

 Malkangiri
District Population: 6,12,727 (1.46% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 38.95%; ANC Utilization2: 34.9%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - 0 0.25 0.50 Inter- Intra- Intra-
FSW MSM IDU Overall
HSS-ANC state state district
NT4 - - - 400 400 400
Size Est.
PP - - * 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.06 0.16 No. out-
PPTCT (Mapping, Year: 115 16 - 7717 936 1453 5328
NT - - * 1052 1034 2176 1559 1288 migration
NA)
PP - - 1.24 0.33 * * * 0 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 87.79 12.21 - 3.21 0.39 0.60 2.22
NT - - 966 915 * * * 917 pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.02 0 - 100 12.13 18.83 69.04
NT - - - - - - migration
Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - -
HSS-FSW Program
NT - - - - - - 250 - -
Coverage
PP - - - - - - Home
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - based- Kothi-
Daily Dantew
PP - - - - - - NA; NA;
Injectors- ada, Chhatis

52 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

HSS-IDU Brothel Panthi-
NT - - - - - - NA; garh
PP - - 4.05 0.72 1.78 0.94 1.00 1.69 Typology based- NA; - - - -
Non daily
ICTC Male NA; Double
NT - - 494 1664 729 1705 1100 888 injectors-
Street decker-
PP - - 1.31 1.58 2.30 0.52 0.44 0.93 NA
ICTC Female based- NA
NT - - 685 507 608 1334 1594 642 NA
PP - - 1.89 1.19 2.39 0.67 0.39 1.18 % <25 yrs. - - -
ICTC Referred
NT - - 1006 1256 922 1941 1031 1440 % Married - - -
ICTC Direct PP - - 5.78 0.55 1.20 0.91 0.84 4.44 STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - - 173 915 415 1098 1663 90 2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009 No. episodes treated 0 678 1381 1632
% Syphilis positivity 0 0 0 0
% Ill., Prim. % Widowed
% On ART % 15-24 yrs % Married Programme Response
Edu. or Divorced
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ART (25) 68 4 4 0 0
FSW TIs - - - - - - 1 1
DLN (NA) - - - - -
MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent to Comp. TIs - - 1 1 - - - -
Heterosexual Homosexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe Child
ICTCs - - 2 1 2 2 2 2
% of Total Total tested at
80.95 0 4.76 0 14.29 0 - - 1477 3223 2371 5215 4253 2818
(N=21) ICTCs5
Block-Level Details Blood Banks - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- FSW - - - - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- ART centres - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
MSM Link ART centres - - - - - - - 1
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
% Positive, DHH, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 2 2 2 2 3
- - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 0.76 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
% Positive, DHH, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 0.18 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 - - 8 8

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Mayurbhanj
Background:
Mayurbhanj is the largest (by area) and the third most populous district of Mayurbhanj District
Odisha. Mayurbhanj is a land locked district situated in the northern part
of the state. It is bordered by Midnapore (West Bengal) in the northeast,
Purbi Singbhum (Jharkhand) in the northwest, Baleswar (Odisha) in the
southeast and Keonjhar (Odisha) in the southwest. Baripada city is the
district headquarters. It has a population of 25.13 lakhs, with a sex ratio
of 1005 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 53.18%
with an overall literacy rate of 63.98% (2011 Census). The economy of
Mayurbhanj district mainly depends on agriculture. In spite of the presence
of huge quantity of economically important mineral resources in district
is not industrially developed due to the lack of proper infrastructure. The
major highways that pass through Mayurbhanj are National Highways 5 and 6.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate at 0.50% among the ANC clients, representing a stable trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among PPTCT (0.10%) and Blood Bank (0.01%) attendees, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.71%) and female (0.73%) clients, and also among referred (0.82%)
and direct walk-in (0.63%) clients, with an overall stable trend.
• As per mapping conducted, FSW (198; 60.92% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district. Among the FSWs, 62.35% were home-based
and 37.65% were street-based.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate in the district was 0.15%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 5.68% of the male population was migrant population; 8.20% of them migrated to other states and 33.01% migrated
to other districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-district migration were Purbi Singhbhum in Jharkhand and Medinipur in West Bengal.
• In 2009, of the 99 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 11% were 15-24 years of age, 28% were on ART, 38% were married and 10% were
widowed or divorced.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 40.6% and12.2%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There were a total of 10 ICTCs in the district in 2011. There were 26 Red Ribbon Clubs in the district for creating awareness about HIV and
AIDS.

Key Recommendations:
• Carry out disaggregated analysis of HSS-ANC attendees to identify risk factors responsible for the stable HIV epidemic among general
population.
• Conduct outreach campaign on HIV and STI awareness and sexual risk reduction messages, especially among women.
• Focus on outreach efforts among hard-to-reach sub-groups, such as home-based FSW.
• Improved assessment of the size and profile of FSW’s client populations, including migrants and truckers, will help in better understanding of
district vulnerabilities.
• There is a need to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among the HRGs, either through initiation of HRG sites for HSS or better analysis
of ICTC and ART data.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 53

 Mayurbhanj
District Population: 25,13,895 (5.90% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 53.18%; ANC Utilization2: 63.5%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
PP4 - - 0.50 0 0.50 0.50 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
HSS-ANC Intra- Intra-
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400
FSW MSM IDU Overall Inter-state
PP - - * 0.10 0.24 0.02 0.02 0.10 state district
PPTCT
NT - - * 2101 3326 4312 5295 9345 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PP 0.03 0.09 0.11 0.16 0.14 0.04 0.05 0.01 198 37 90 63707 5226 21030 37451
Blood Bank Year: NA) migration
NT 3658 4325 5264 6229 7050 6778 7472 7946
PP - - - - - - % of male
HSS-STD % Total HRG 60.92 11.38 27.69 5.68 0.47 1.87 3.34
NT - - - - - - pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-FSW % Total Pop. 0.01 0 0 100 8.20 33.01 58.79
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
HSS-IDU Home
NT - - - - - -
PP - - * 1.09 0.95 0.53 0.94 0.71 based- Kothi-
ICTC Male Daily
NT - - * 1646 4425 6403 5232 7437 62.35%; 22.50%;
ICTC PP - - * 1.33 1.47 0.54 0.90 0.73 Injectors-
Brothel Panthi-
Female NT - - * 830 2045 3316 3338 4097 NA;

54 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

Typology based- 12.50%; Purbi Sin Medinip Pashchimi Haora, Thane,
ICTC PP - - * 1.27 4.59 1.62 1.60 0.82 Non daily
0%; Double ghbhum, ur, West Singhbhum, West Mahara
Referred NT - - * 1099 1155 2283 2807 5391 injectors-
Street decker- Jharkhand Bengal Jharkhand Bengal shtra
ICTC Direct PP - - * 1.09 0.36 0.20 0.59 0.63 NA
based- 65.00%
Walk-in NT - - * 1377 5315 7436 5763 6143 37.65%
PLHIV Profile, 2009
% <25 yrs. 27.00 28.50 -
% Ill., Prim. % Widowed
% On ART % 15-24 yrs % Married % Married 76.00 55.00 -
Edu. or Divorced
ART (99) 28 11 24 38 10 STI/RTI
DLN (NA) - - - - - 2008 2009 2010 2011
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
No. episodes treated 174 2016 3025 3516
Blood Parent to
Heterosexual Homo/Bisexual Needle/Syringe Unknown % Syphilis positivity 0 0.74 0.43 0.15
Transfusion Child
% of Total Programme Response
90.36 0 2.41 1.20 3.61 2.41
(N=83) No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Block-Level Details FSW TIs - - - - - 1 1 1
Combined
MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Combined (Bisoi, (Baripada, Betnoti,
No. HRG- IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Rairangpur, Samakhunta, Ku - - - - - -
FSW Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
Kusumi), 250 liana, Moroda & -
SarasKana), 250 ICTCs - - 4 4 8 8 8 10
Combined Total tested at
(Baripada, Betnoti, - - 612 4577 9796 14031 13865 20879
No. HRG- ICTCs5
Samakhunta, - - - - - - - - Blood Banks 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
MSM
Kuliana, Moroda &
STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
Saras Kana), 200
No. HRG- ART centres - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
IDU
Bara Baripad Baripa G.b. PLHA Networks - - - - - - - -
% Positive, Betn Bijatala, Bisoi,
Bahalda 0.52 Bangiriposi 0 sahi amunici dasada, Nagar, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 15 22 22 24 26
ICTC 2009 oti 0 0.9 18.12
,0.46 palty ,2.4 r0 0
Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
% Positive,
PPTCT - - - - - - - - - Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
2009 Condom Outlets - - 10 10 10 15 16 18

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Nabarangpur
Background:
Nabarangpur is a district in South-Western Odisha, which is the district Nabarangpur District
headquarters. Most of its population is tribal, and most of the land is
forested. Its boundary stretches in the north to Kalahandi District, in the
west to Jagdalpur District of Chhattisgarh, east to Kalahandi and Rayagada
District and south to Koraput District. The district has a population of
12.18 lakhs with a sex ratio of 1,018 females per 1,000 males, and a
female literacy rate of 37.22% with an overall literacy rate of 48.20%
(2011 Census). The economy of Nabarangpur district mainly depends on
agriculture. Nabarangpur District is a treasure of many natural resources
like iron, chlorite, mica, quartz etc. The major highway that passes through
Nabarangpur is National Highway 201.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• According to 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate at 0.50% among the ANC clients, with an increasing trend.
• Based on 2009 Blood Bank data and 2011 PPTCT (0.44%) data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the clients, showing a stable trend
for Blood Bank attendees. Due to absence of sufficient data points for PPTCT, a trend could not be determined.
• According to 2010-HSS data, the HIV positivity among FSW was low at 4.40%, but due to lack of data in the previous years, a trend was not
determined.
• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (2.11%) and female (1.45%) clients, as well as among referred (2.09%)
and direct walk-in (1.10%) clients, with a stable trend among all except direct walk-ins, which had a declining trend.
• As per mapping conducted, FSW (339; 97.69% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district of which majority was street based (55.91%)
followed by home based (44.09%).
• In 2011, 2,097 STI/RTI episodes were treated among STI clinic attendees.
• As per 2001 Census, 3.55% of the male population was migrant, 7.41% of them migrated to other states and 15.17% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destinations for out-of-district migration were Bastar and Raipur in Chhattisgarh.
• In 2009, of the 168 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 7% were 15-24 years of age and 66% were on ART.
• Based on 2011 ICTC data, parent to child transmission rate at 7.69%, stood second to heterosexual transmission rate at 92.31%.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate was 15.9% and1.8%, respectively among women (DLHS-III).
• In 2011, there were a total of three ICTCs in the district and nine RRCs.

Key Recommendations:
• Carry out in-depth analysis of ANC data to assess risk factors of HIV transmission among general population.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns for FSWs, among women and around truck halt points in the district.
• There is a need to better understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among FSWs through further analysis of ICTC and ART data.
• It is necessary to understand the profile of HIV positive ANC attendees and their spouses through ICTC and ART data analysis, and strengthen
PPTCT program in the district in view of the high parent to child transmission rates.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 55

 Nabarangpur
District Population: 12,18,762 (2.90% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 37.22%; ANC Utilization2: 65.8%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - 0.25 0.75 0.50 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - - 400 399 400 state state district
PP - - - - * * * 0.44 Size Est. No. out-
PPTCT 339 8 - 18166 1346 2756 14064
NT - - - - * * * 914 (Mapping, Year: NA) migration
PP - - 0 0 0.14 0 - * % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 97.69 2.31 - 3.55 0.26 0.54 2.75
NT - - 1019 995 2136 1814 - * pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.03 0 - 100 7.41 15.17 77.42
NT - - - - - - migration
PP - - - - - 4.40 Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - 250
Program Coverage 354 0 0
PP - - - - - -
HSS-MSM Home
NT - - - - - -
based- Kothi-
PP - - - - - - Daily
HSS-IDU 44.09%; NA;
NT - - - - - - Injectors-
Brothel Panthi-
PP - - - 4.35 3.00 4.81 3.02 2.11 NA; Bastar, Raipur,

56 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

ICTC Male Typology based- NA;
NT - - - 1218 1500 1560 1159 1232 Non daily Chhatis Chhatis - - -
0%; Double
injectors- garh garh
ICTC PP - - - 3.41 4.10 5.25 4.27 1.45 Street decker-
NA
Female NT - - - 969 610 877 703 896 based- NA
ICTC PP - - - 3.52 3.64 5.31 3.77 2.09 55.91%
Referred NT - - - 1279 1509 1922 1563 1581 % <25 yrs. 26.37 - -
ICTC Direct PP - - - 4.52 2.50 3.69 2.01 1.10 % Married 7.30 - -
Walk-in NT - - - 908 601 515 299 547 STI/RTI
PLHIV Profile, 2009 2008 2009 2010 2011
% Ill., Prim. % Widowed or No. episodes treated 109 104 923 2097
% On ART % 15-24 yrs % Married
Edu. Divorced % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0 0
ART -168) 66 7 2 2 1
Programme Response
DLN (NA) - - - - -
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
FSW TIs - - - - - 1 1 1
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent to
Heterosexual Unknown MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe Child
% of Total IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
92.31 0 0 0 7.69 0 Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 - - -
(N=39)
Block-Level Details ICTCs - - 1 1 3 3 3 3
No. HRG- Total tested at
- - - - - - - - - - - - 2187 2809 3057 2413 3042
FSW ICTCs5
No. HRG- Blood Banks - - 2 2 2 2 2 2
- - - - - - - - -
MSM STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG- ART centres - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
IDU Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
DHH
% Positive, PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
Nawrangpur, - - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 5 5 5 8 9
4.97
% Positive, Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
PPTCT - - - - - - - - - Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
2009 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 10 10 10 12

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Nayagarh
Background: 

Nayagarh district, an administrative district of Odisha, was created in 1995 Nayagarh District
when the erstwhile Puri district was split into three distinct districts. The
district is bordered by Cuttack district on the North, Kandhamal district on
the West, Ganjam on the South and Khordha on its East. Nayagarh has a
population of 9.62 lakhs with a sex ratio of 916 females per 1,000 males,
and a female literacy rate of 71.08% with an overall literacy rate of 79.17%
(2011 Census). The main economic activity of Nayagarh is cultivation and
its allied activities, which generate a lot of revenue. The major highway that
passes through Nayagarh is National Highway 5.

HIV Epidemic Profile: 


• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate at 0.50% among the ANC attendees. The positivity rate, represented a

fluctuating trend. 

• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.21%) and Blood
 Bank clients, with a stable trend.
• As per 2010 HSS data, the level of HIV positivity among MSMs was low at 1.36%,

but due to lack of data points in the previous years, a trend

could not be determined.

• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.17%) and female (0.71%) clients, and also among referred (1.21%)
and direct walk-in (0.63%) clients, with an overall declining trend. 

• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.43%. 


• As per mapping conducted, FSW (286; 58.25% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by MSM (205; 41.75% of total HRG).

The major typology for FSWs was home based (90.21%).
• As per the 2001 Census, 6.60% of the male population was migrant,10.90% of them migrated to other states and 61.82% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Surat in Gujarat, and Jammu in Jammu & Kashmir.
• In 2009, of the 90 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 8% were 15-24 years of age, 30% were on ART, 29% were illiterate or only had a primary
school education and 34% were married.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 68.1% and 8.6%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• There were five ICTCs in the district. The number of clients being tested at these centers has increased rapidly since 2006, and almost doubled
in 2010.

Key Recommendations:
• Conduct in-depth analysis of HSS-ANC data to understand risk factors for HIV epidemic among general population.
• Considering migration to high HIV prevalent districts of other States, strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns around
source and transit points like railway stations and bus stands.
• Focus on outreach efforts among hard-to-reach sub-groups, such as home-based FSW and MSM.
• IEC programme for creating HIV and STI awareness should be strengthened in the district among general population, especially women.
• Although there was low level of HIV epidemic in the district, vulnerability factors in transmission of HIV needs to be analyzed from ICTC/ART
and STI clinics.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 57

 Nayagarh
District Population: 9,62,215 (2.20% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 71.08%; ANC Utilization2: 41.8%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0.75 0.25 0 0.50 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - * 0.08 0.18 * 0.19 0.21 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 286 205 0 29405 3204 18179 8022
NT - - * 2370 1672 * 2138 2805 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 0 0 0.04 0 0 0.06 0 % of
Blood Bank % Total HRG 58.25 41.75 0 male 6.60 0.72 4.08 1.80
NT 2055 2893 3453 2677 3517 3245 3361 4081
pop.
PP - - - - - -
HSS-STD % of
NT - - - - - -
% Total Pop. 0.03 0.05 0 total 100 10.90 61.82 27.28
PP - - - - - - migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - -
Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - 1.36
HSS-MSM Program Coverage - - -
NT - - - - - 221
Home
PP - - - - - - based- Kothi-
HSS-IDU Daily
NT - - - - - - 90.21%; 32.20%;

58 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP - - * 2.89 5.21 2.30 0.95 1.17 Injectors-
ICTC Male Brothel Panthi- Jammu,
NT - - * 1628 1209 3041 5057 5532 NA; North Solan, Sabar
Typology based- 21.46%; Surat, Jammu
Non daily West Himachal Kantha,
PP - - * 2.62 5.16 1.81 1.58 0.71 1.75%; Double Gujarat &
ICTC Female Injectors- Delhi Pradesh Gujarat
NT - - * 1182 504 1600 2213 2682 Street decker- Kashmir
NA
PP - - * 3.69 6.95 2.74 1.36 1.21 based- 46.34%
ICTC Referred 8.04%
NT - - * 1139 907 2698 5015 5530
ICTC Direct PP - - * 2.15 3.23 1.29 0.67 0.63 % <25 yrs. - 23.01 -
Walk-in NT - - * 1671 806 1943 2255 2684 % Married - 46.29 -
PLHIV Profile, 2009 STI/RTI
% Ill., 2008 2009 2010 2011
% On % 15-24 % Widowed No. episodes treated 0 1075 1801 4551
Prim. % Married
ART yrs or Divorced % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0 0.43
Edu.
ART (90) 30 8 29 34 9 Programme Response
DLN (NA) - - - - - No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent to MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Heterosexual Unknown IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Bisexual Transfusion Syringe Child
% of Total Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
91.67 1.19 0 2.38 3.57 1.19 ICTCs - - 2 2 5 5 5 5
(N=84)
Block-Level Details Total tested at
- - 722 5180 3385 4758 9408 11019
No. HRG- ICTCs5
- - - - - - - - - Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
FSW
No. HRG- Nayagarh & STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
MSM Daspalla, 491
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
DHH PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
% Positive, BM Swasthya Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 7 10 10 17 23
Nayagarh, - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 Nivas, 2.94
1.25 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
% Positive, DHH Nayagarh, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 0 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 8 8 9 10
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Nuapada
Background:
Nuapada district is located in the western part of Odisha. The district has Nuapada District
a population of 6.06 lakhs with a sex ratio of 1,020 females per 1,000
males, and a female literacy rate of 45.2% with an overall literacy rate of
58.2% (2011 Census). The economy of Nuapada district mainly depends
on agriculture. It is one of the most popular tourist places of Odisha. The
district is well connected to other major cities of the state through Odisha
state highways.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• According to 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was
moderate at 0.50% among the ANC clients, with a fluctuating trend.
• Based on 2011 PPTCT and Blood Bank data, HIV prevalence among the attendees were low in the district (0.03% for PPTCT and 0.36% for
Blood Bank), with a stable trend for PPTCT and fluctuating trend for Blood Bank attendees.
• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.24%) and female (0.99%) clients, and also among referred (1.15%)
and direct walk-in (1.19%) clients, with an overall stable trend.
• As per mapping conducted in 2009, FSW (192; 68.09% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district.
• In 2011,the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 1.25%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 2.86% of the male population was migrant, 10.02% of them migrated to other states and 32.47% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top destination for out-of-state migration was Raipur in Chhattisgarh.
• In 2009, of the 33 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 12% was 15-24 years of age, 39% were on ART, 24% were illiterate or only had a primary
school education and 36% were married.
• In 2011, HIV transmission for parent to child was high at 6.35% in the district.
• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rates were 5.1% and 0.1% respectively among women (DLHS-III).
• There were five ICTC in the district and 8,399 clients were tested.

Key Recommendations:
• Carry out sub-group analysis of ANC data to assess risk factors of HIV transmission among general population.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns, around truck halt points and highways in the district.
• There is a need to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among FSWs and MSMs, through in-depth analysis of ICTC and ART data.
• Availability of HRG typology data would help to understand the district vulnerabilities.
• PPTCT programme needs to be strengthened in the district since parent to child transmission rate was high.
• Conduct outreach campaign on HIV and STI awareness and sexual risk reduction messages, especially among women.
• Collect and analyze data a TIs and patients at ART centre to understand geography and profile of groups.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 59

 Nuapada
District Population: 6,06,490 (1.40% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 45.2%; ANC Utilization2: 52.6%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - 0 2.00 0.50 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - - 399 400 400 state state district
PP - - - * 0.19 0.08 0.16 0.03 Size Est., (Mapping: No. out-
PPTCT 192 90 - 7554 757 2453 4344
NT - - - * 4863 2479 2521 2970 2009) migration
PP * 0 0.06 0 0 0.13 0.77 0.36 % of male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 68.09 31.91 - 2.86 0.29 0.93 1.64
NT * 1116 1725 1659 2195 2294 1682 3290 pop.
PP - - - - - - % of total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.03 0.01 - 100 10.02 32.47 57.51
migration
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA
HSS-FSW Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
NT - - - - - - Program Coverage 0 0 0
PP - - - - - - Home
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - - - based- Kothi-
Daily
PP - - - - - - NA; NA;
HSS-IDU Injectors-
NT - - - - - - Brothel Panthi-
NA;

60 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

Typology based- NA; Raipur,
PP - * 1.95 0.88 0.95 0.76 0.91 1.24 Non daily
ICTC Male NA; Double Chhatis - - - -
NT - * 513 1137 1257 3045 3631 3618 injectors-
Street decker- garh
PP - * 1.37 0.58 0.65 1.94 1.15 0.99 NA
ICTC Female based- NA
NT - * 292 1202 616 1395 1920 1811 NA
PP - * 2.53 0.83 3.47 1.09 1.03 1.15 % <25 yrs. - - -
ICTC Referred
NT - * 356 720 1011 2764 4191 4505 % Married - - -
ICTC Direct PP - * 1.11 0.68 0 1.19 0.88 1.19 STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - * 449 1619 862 1676 1360 924 2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009 No. episodes treated 0 1460 1283 636
% 15-24 % Ill., Prim. % Widowed % Syphilis positivity 0 0 5.50 1.25
% On ART % Married
yrs Edu. or Divorced Programme Response
ART (33) 39 12 24 36 3 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - - FSW TIs - - - - - 2 2 1
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent to IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Heterosexual Homo/Bisexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe Child
Comp. TIs - - 1 1 1 - - -
% of Total
90.48 1.59 1.59 0 6.35 0 ICTCs 1 1 1 1 4 5 5 5
(N=63)
Total tested at
Block-Level Details - 466 805 2426 6736 6919 8072 8399
ICTCs5
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - Blood Banks 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
FSW
STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
MSM
Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
CHC
% Positive, DHH, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 3 7 7 9 9
Khariar, - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 0.75 Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
road 1.77
% Positive, DHH, Khariar, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 0.15 road 0.86 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 9 12 12 10
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Puri
Background: 

Puri is the coastal district in Odhisha, situated on the coast of Bay of Puri District
Bengal. It is famous for its historic antiquities, religious sanctuaries,
architectural grandeur, and sea-scape beauty. The district has a population
of 16.97 lakhs with a sex ratio of 963 females per 1,000 males, and a
female literacy rate of 78.67% with an overall literacy rate of 85.37%
(2011 Census). The economy of the district is mainly dependent upon
cultivation, which attracts in-migration of laborers from rural parts of
the neighboring districts. The district lies 60 km from Bhubaneswar on
National Highway (NH-203) and is well connected through railways and
road transportation.


HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the ANC clients, with a fluctuating trend between moderate and low

HIV prevalence.

• In2011 HIV positivity level among PPTCT (0.05%) and Blood Bank (0.21%) clients

was low among the attendees, with a stable trend.
• According to 2010 HSS-IDU data, the HIV prevalence was high (13.17%) among
 the injecting drug users. Trend was not determined due to lack
of data. 

• In 2011, the HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.81%) 
and female (0.97%) clients and also among referred (0.56%)

and direct walk-in (1.33%) clients, with a stable trend in last four years.

• As per mapping conducted, IDU (389; 53.51%) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by FSW (234; 32.19% of total HRG) and MSM
(104; 14.31% of total HRG). 

• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.98%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 5.57% of the male population was migrant, 29.10% of them migrated to other states and 46.43% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destination districts for out-of-state migration were Surat in Gujrat, and Purnia in Bihar.
• In 2009, of the 218 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 6% were 15-24 years of age, 25% were on ART, 24% were illiterate or only had a
primary school education and 33% were married.
• Heterosexual transmission accounted for 70.31% of the transmission, but more importantly, transmission through needle/syringe accounted for
21.88%of total transmissions, indicating contribution of IDUs to the epidemic.
• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 87.1% and 42.5%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• Despite presence of IDUs and high HIV prevalence among them there was no TI site for IDUs in 2011.
• A gradual increase in the number of clients getting tested at ICTC was observed. There were a total of five ICTCs operational in the district in
2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Carry out disaggregated analysis of HSS-IDU data to assess for risk factors of HIV epidemic among IDUs.
• Considering high percentage of out-migration to high HIV prevalent districts like Surat in Gujarat, strengthen outreach programme through
awareness campaigns for migrants.
• Considering contribution of IDUs to the HIV epidemic in the district and their numbers, TI site exclusively for IDUs is strongly recommended.
• The district being a major tourist spot with presence of FSWs, focus on IDU-FSW sexual network and address the dual risk that is posed due to
high rate of infection among IDUs.
• Availability of HRG typology data would help in understanding of district vulnerabilities.
• There is a need to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission among FSWs and MSMs either through analysis of ICTC and ART data.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 61

 Puri
District Population: 16,97,983 (4.04% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 78.67%; ANC Utilization2: 63.3%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0.50 0.25 0.75 0 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - * 0 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.05 Size Est., (Mapping, No. out-
PPTCT 234 104 389 42428 12346 19698 10384
NT - - * 1103 2613 2680 3912 3938 Year: NA) migration
PP 0 * 0.17 0.08 0 0.03 0.08 0.21 % male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 32.19 14.31 53.51 5.57 1.62 2.59 1.36
NT 1755 * 2387 2429 1396 3065 2454 3300 pop.
PP 1.60 2.40 1.20 0.81 - 1.60 % total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.01 0.01 0.02 100 29.10 46.43 24.47
NT 250 250 250 248 - 250 migration
PP - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW Program Coverage - - 292
NT - - - - - -
PP - - - - - - Home
HSS-MSM based- Kothi-
NT - - - - - - Daily
NA; NA;
PP - - - 6.80 - 13.17 Injectors-
HSS-IDU Brothel Panthi-
NT - - - 250 - 243 NA; Kolkata, Thane, Solan,

62 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

Typology based- NA; Surat, Purnia,
PP - 3.13 4.25 3.68 1.54 1.59 1.04 0.81 Non daily West Maha Himachal
NA; Double Gujarat Bihar
ICTC Male injectors- Bengal rashtra Pradesh
NT - 640 1082 1005 2917 3900 5104 5444 Street decker-
NA
PP - 1.88 2.32 2.78 1.45 0.83 0.59 0.97 based- NA
ICTC Female NA
NT - 426 560 575 1036 2168 2372 2054
PP - - - - 1.61 1.12 0.75 0.56 % <25 yrs. - - 7.53
ICTC Referred % Married - - 8.99
NT - - - - 1431 2764 4684 4640
ICTC Direct PP - 2.63 3.59 3.35 1.47 1.48 1.15 1.33 STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - 1066 1642 1580 2522 3304 2792 2858 2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009 No. episodes treated 1234 1653 2644 3516
% Ill., % % Widowed % Syphilis positivity 0 0.58 0.59 0.98
% On ART % 15-24 yrs
Prim. Edu. Married or Divorced Programme Response
ART (218) 25 6 24 33 7 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - - FSW TIs - - - - 1 1 1 -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent to IDU TIs - - - - 1 1 1 -
Heterosexual Homo/Bisexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe Child Comp. TIs 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
% of Total ICTCs 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 5
70.31 3.13 0 21.88 4.69 0
(N=64) Total tested at
Block-Level Details - 1066 2473 2683 6566 8748 11388 11436
ICTCs5
No. HRG- Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - - -
FSW
STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - ART centres - - - - - - - -
MSM
Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
Puri Town,
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - 1 1 1
292
% Positive, DHH Puri DHH Puri, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 9 9 9 16 16
- - - - - - - Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 I, 2.05 II 0.46
% Positive, DHH Puri Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 II, 0.07 Condom Outlets 8 8 14 7 24 24 24 7

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Rayagada
Background:
Rayagada is a mineral-rich district in the southern part of the state of Rayagada District
Odisha. The district has a population of 9.61 lakhs with a sex ratio of
1,048 females per 1,000 males, and a female literacy rate of 39.87%
with an overall literacy rate of 50.88% (2011 Census). The economy of
Rayagada district mainly depends on agriculture and other allied activities.
Rayagada has a great mineral reserve of bauxite and silicon. According
to a survey, India has 56% of total bauxite storage of the world out
of which Odisha has 62%. Out of that Rayagada has 84% share. The
industrial atmosphere, great location and availability of resources around
made Rayagada a prominent town in Odisha. The Rayagada district is
well connected to other major cities through Odisha State Highways.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• According to 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was moderate at 0.50% among the ANC attendees, with a declining trend till 2008,
but a rise was observed in 2010.
• Based on 2011 PPTCT and Blood Bank data, the level of HIV positivity was low (0.05% for Blood Bank and 0.21% for PPTCT) among the clients,
with a stable trend.
• As per 2010 HSS data, level of HIV positivity among FSWs was low at 3.20%, with a stable trend.
• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (1.12%) and female (0.93%) clients, and also among referred clients
(0.96%) and direct walk-in (1.21%), with an overall stable trend in last five years.
• As per 2009 mapping data, the only HRG in the district was FSW (393; 100% of total HRG); among whom, 20.82% were home-based and
75.51% were brothel-based.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.05%.
• As per 2001 Census, 5.66% of the male population was migrant, 11.91% of them migrated to other states and 18.87% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destinations for out-of-state migration were Mumbai and Pune in Maharashtra, .
• In 2009, of the 161 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 6% were 15-24 years of age, 41% were on ART, which was on a higher side, 9% were
illiterate or only had a primary school education and 8% were married.
• In 2011, HIV transmisson from parent to child was high at 5.66% of all the HIV transmission in the district.
• HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate was 21.6% and 6.5%, respectively among women (DLHS-III).
• There was a sudden increase in the number of clients being tested at ICTC sites in 2011. A total of six ICTC, one Link ART centre and 14 RRCs
were functional in the district in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Carry out socio-demographic analysis of HSS-ANC attendees to assess risk factors for HIV epidemic among general population.
• Strengthen HIV preventive measures through awareness campaign especially for women and out-migrants to curb the epidemic at low level.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of FWS’s client population, including migrants and truckers, will help in understanding of district
vulnerabilities. Focus on hard to reach subgroups like home based FSW.
• In depth analysis of ICTC and ART data and strengthening of PPTCT programme should be done in the district since parent to child HIV
transmission rate was high.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 63

 Rayagada
District Population: 9,61,959 (2.2% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 39.87%; ANC Utilization2: 49%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - 0.50 0.25 0.25 0.50 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - 400 399 400 400 state state district
PP - - - * 0.19 0.20 0.44 0.05 Size Est. No. out-
PPTCT 393 - - 22970 2736 4334 15900
NT - - - * 1579 3051 3157 6478 (Mapping, 2009) migration
PP * * * * 0.40 0.48 0.10 0.21 % of male
% Total HRG 100 - - 5.66 0.67 1.07 3.92
Blood Bank pop.
NT * * * * 2772 1453 1927 1453
% of total
PP - - - - - - % Total Pop. 0.04 - - 100 11.91 18.87 69.22
HSS-STD migration
NT - - - - - -
Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP 2.78 2.40 1.20 0 2.80 3.20
HSS-FSW Program Coverage - - -
NT 250 250 250 250 250 250
Home
PP - - - - - - based- Kothi-
HSS-MSM Daily
NT - - - - - - 20.82%; NA;
Injectors-
PP - - - - - - Brothel Panthi- Viziana
HSS-IDU NA; Mumbai, Pune, Thane,

64 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - - - - - - Typology based- NA; garam,
Non daily Maha Maha Maha -
PP - 10.00 6.67 4.51 1.29 1.16 1.54 1.12 75.51%; Double Andhra
injectors- rashtra rashtra rashtra
ICTC Male Street decker- Pradesh
NT - 400 525 1264 2326 2505 2536 3305 NA
based- NA
PP - 5.11 4.37 2.68 1.80 1.63 1.29 0.93 3.67%
ICTC Female
NT - 450 343 1529 1723 1471 1632 1714 % <25 yrs. 68.16 - -
PP - 9.05 8.33 3.47 2.45 1.34 1.27 0.96 % Married 33.06 - -
ICTC Referred
NT - 409 456 1959 1385 2246 2526 3032 STI/RTI
ICTC Direct PP - 5.90 2.91 3.60 1.01 1.33 1.71 1.21 2008 2009 2010 2011
Walk-in NT - 441 412 834 2664 1730 1642 1987 No. episodes treated 260 1685 1531 2951
PLHIV Profile, 2009 % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0.23 0.05
% 15-24 % Ill., % Widowed Programme Response
% On ART % Married
yrs Prim. Edu. or Divorced
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ART (161) 41 6 9 8 2
FSW TIs - - - - 2 2 2 1
DLN (NA) - - - - -
MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent to
Heterosexual Homo/Bisexual Unknown Comp. TIs 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Transfusion Syringe Child
ICTCs 1 1 3 2 5 6 6 6
% of Total
88.68 0 0 1.89 5.66 3.77 Total tested at
(N=53) - 850 868 3625 5628 7027 7325 11497
ICTCs5
Block-Level Details
Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
No. HRG- Gunpur,
- - - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
FSW 245
ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - 1 1
MSM
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - 1 1 1
% Positive, Dhh, Gunupur, Muniguda, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 4 7 7 13 14
- - - - - - Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 1.71 0.79 1.9
% Positive, Dhh-ii, Ictcsdhgun Ictcmuni Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 0.19 pur, 0 guda, 1.16 Condom Outlets 10 10 10 10 18 18 18 10
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Sambalpur
Background:
Sambalpur is a resource rich district of Odisha, bordered by Sundargarh Sambalpur District
and Jharsugda in North, Sonapur and Anugul in South, Sundargarh and
Debagarh in East, and by Bargarh and Jharsuguda in the West. The district
has a population of 10.44 lakhs with a sex ratio of 973 females per 1,000
males, and a female literacy rate of 68.47%, with an overall literacy rate of
76.91% (2011 Census). The economy of Sambalpur District is dependent
on agriculture and on forests. Tendu leaf, also called green gold of
Odisha, is one of the most important non-wood forest products, which
adds to the revenue of Sambalpur. Lately industrialization has started in
the district and the prime industries of power, alumina and steel have
been established. The major highway that passes through Sambalpur is
Rourkela-Sambalpur State Highway 10.

HIV Epidemic Profile:

• Based on 2010 HSS-ANC data, the level of HIV positivity was low among the ANC clients, with a declining trend in last three years.
• According to 2011 PPTCT and Blood Bank data, the level of HIV positivity was low (0.19% for PPTCT and 0.17% for BB) among the clients,
with a stable trend.
• As per 2010 HSS-MSM data, the level of HIV prevalence among MSM was high (9.20%), but due to lack of multiple data points in the previous
years, a trend could not be determined.
• In 2011, HIV positivity among ICTC attendees was low among male (2.18%) and female clients (2.56%) as well as among referred (2.71%)
and direct walk-in clients (1.39%), with an overall stable trend over last five years.
• As per mapping conducted in 2009, FSW (228; 55.75% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district, followed by MSM (181; 44.25% of
total HRG). Of the FSW, 33.96% were home-based and 65.36% were brothel-based.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 4.60%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 5.87% of the male population was migrant; 13.03% of them migrated to other states and 44.40% migrated to other
districts within the state.
• The top two destinations for out-of-state migration were Raipur and Raigarh in Chhattisgarh.
• In 2009, of the 199 PLHIV registered at the ART centre, 13% were 15-24 years of age, 46% were on ART, 22% were illiterate or only had a
primary school education and 32% were married.
• Heterosexual transmission accounted for 84.19% of the transmission, but more importantly, transmission through blood transfusion and parent
to child accounted for 6.51% and 6.05% respectively.
• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate among women was 50.9% and 7.8%, respectively (DLHS-III).
• Though there was no mapping information for IDU, there was an IDU-TI site indicating presence of IDUs in the district.
• Red Ribbon Clubs (RRCs) were established in 2007 to generate awareness about HIV/AIDS in the youth. RRCs increased from 12 in 2007 to 23
in 2011.

Key Recommendations:
• Carry out disaggregated analysis of HSS-MSM data to find out HIV risk factors in the district.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaigns for women, migrants, truckers and industry workers in the district.
• There is a need to better understand the profile of positive individuals through in-depth analysis of ICTC and ART data analysis since HIV
transmission rates through blood transfusion and parent to child were relatively higher,
• Mapping information about IDUs should be made available in order to assess their contribution to the HIV epidemic in the district.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 65

 Sambalpur
District Population: 10,44,410 (2.48% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 68.47%; ANC Utilization2: 57.3%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 0.50 0 0.50 0.75 0 0 Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 400 400 400 400 400 400 state state district
PP - - 0.40 0.20 0.24 0.12 0.36 0.19 Size Est., (Mapping: No. out-
PPTCT 228 181 - 27675 3606 12287 11782
NT - - 994 2017 2510 3410 3295 3685 2009) migration
PP 0.23 0.17 0.16 0.23 0.24 0.17 0.15 0.17 % male
Blood Bank % Total HRG 55.75 44.25 - 5.87 0.76 2.61 2.50
NT 15250 13068 16957 16828 15554 19519 18863 17974 pop.
PP 0 0.40 0.40 1.20 0.80 0.80 % total
HSS-STD % Total Pop. 0.02 0.02 - 100 13.03 44.40 42.57
NT 250 250 250 250 250 250 migration
PP - - - - - - Program Target - - - Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
PP - - - - 0.82 9.20 Home
HSS-MSM
NT - - - - 244 250 based- Kothi- Daily
PP - - - - - - 33.96%; 10.20%; Injectors-
HSS-IDU Brothel Panthi- NA;
NT - - - - - - Mahasa
Raipur, Raigarh, Durg,

66 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

PP - 6.64 6.22 2.38 2.01 0.97 1.79 2.18 Typology based- 39.12%; Non Surat, mund ,
ICTC Male Chhati Chhatis Chhatis
NT - 753 1110 2902 3982 2271 5257 6885 65.36%; Double daily Gujarat Chhatis
sgarh garh garh
Street decker- injectors- garh
PP - 6.00 2.38 1.36 2.25 1.21 3.65 2.56
ICTC Female based- 50.68% NA
NT - 417 883 2205 1464 497 1590 2535 0.68%
PP - 3.31 2.93 1.34 2.36 1.88 2.70 2.71
ICTC Referred % <25 yrs. 38.96 12.46 -
NT - 423 512 1940 3524 1280 4662 6391
% Married - 8.75 -
ICTC Direct PP - 8.17 5.06 2.31 1.56 0.27 1.19 1.39
STI/RTI
Walk-in NT - 747 1481 3167 1922 1488 2185 3029
2008 2009 2010 2011
PLHIV Profile, 2009
No. episodes treated 1230 1639 1639 6696
% Ill., %
% On ART % 15-24 yrs Prim. % Married Widowed % Syphilis positivity 0 0 14.97 4.60
Edu. or Divorced Programme Response
ART (199) 46 13 22 32 8 No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DLN (NA) - - - - - FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Blood Needle/ Parent to IDU TIs - - - - 1 1 1 1
Heterosexual Homo/Bisexual Unknown
Transfusion Syringe Child Comp. TIs - - 1 1 0 1 1 1
% of Total ICTCs 2 3 3 3 6 6 6 7
84.19 0.93 6.51 1.86 6.05 0.47
(N=215) Total tested at
Block-Level Details - 1170 2987 7124 7956 6178 10142 13105
ICTCs5
No. HRG- Rengali, Blood Banks 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5
- - - - - - - -
FSW 5000 STI Clinics - - - - 2 2 2 2
No. HRG- Sambalpur, ART centres - - - - 1 1 1 1
- - - - - - - -
MSM 297
Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - -
PLHIV Networks - - - - 1 1 1 1
DHH VSS medical
% Positive, Redhakhol Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 12 13 13 14 23
sambalpur, college, - - - - - -
ICTC 2009 0.52 Comm. Care Centers - - - - 1 - - -
1.27 sambalpur 3.74
% Positive, Sambalpur VSSMC, Drop-in-Centers - - - - 1 1 1 1
Redhakhol, 0 - - - - - -
PPTCT 2009 DHH 0.15 burla, 0.1 Condom Outlets - - 8 8 8 24 21 21

* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Subarnapur
Background: 

Subarnapur District, also called Sonepur or Sonapur District, is an Subarnapur District

administrative district of Odisha state. Situated on the confluence of
the rivers Mahanadi, Tel and Subarnapur, known as Paschima Lanka in
scriptures is the headquarters town of Subarnapur district. The district has a
population of 6.52 lakhs with a sex ratio of 959 females per 1,000 males,
and a female literacy rate of 63.63% with an overall literacy rate of 74.42%
(2011 Census). The economy of Subarnapur district mainly depends on
agriculture. This district is known for its rich cultural heritage, arts and crafts.
Textiles and terracotta of Sonepur, Brass metal works and Philigri crafts of
Tarbha and Binka, Stone carving of Ullunda and Paddy crafts of Dunguripali
are well known. 

HIV Epidemic Profile: 


• HIV positivity was low among PPTCT attendees (0% in 2010) and Blood Bank attendees

(0.19% in 2011), with a stable trend.
• As per 2011 data, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.33%) and female (0.23%) clients and also among referred
(0.32%) and direct walk-in clients, with an overall stable trend 


• As per mapping conducted, IDU (109; 76.76% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district.

• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.47%. 

• As per the 2001 Census, 3.36% of the male population was migrant, 7.15% of them migrated to other states and 46.78% migrated to other
districts within the state 


• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate was 31.1% and 5.6%, respectively, among women (DLHS-III).
• In 2009, of the 23 PLHIV registered at the ART centre; 13% were 15-24 years of age, 57% were on ART, 26% were illiterate or only had primary
school education, and 39% were married.
• In 2011, a total of 14 RRCs were operational in the district to spread awareness about HIV/AIDS among the youth.

Key Recommendations:
• Continue HIV prevention strategies to maintain HIV prevalence at low levels.
• Focused IEC for general population, especially women, with HIV awareness and sexual risk reduction messages is recommended.
• Strengthen awareness campaign to increase HIV testing at ICTCs.
• Availability of typology for HRGs and migration data would help in better understanding of district vulnerabilities.
• Expand coverage of HIV counseling and testing in the distrct to detect positive cases at early stage.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 67

 Subarnapur
District Population: 6,52,107 (1.50% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 63.63%; ANC Utilization2: 60.6%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 - - - - - - Inter- Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall
NT4 - - - - - - state state district
PP - - * 0 0.25 0 0 * Size Est. No. out-
PPTCT 22 11 109 9241 661 4323 4257
NT - - * 1035 2820 2612 1072 * (Mapping: NA) migration
PP 0 0.07 0 0.05 0.19 0.04 - 0.19 % of male
% Total HRG 15.49 7.75 76.76 3.36 0.24 1.57 1.55
Blood Bank pop.
NT 1424 1512 1699 1858 2082 2346 - 1544
% of total
PP - - - - - - % Total Pop. 0 0 0.02 100 7.15 46.78 46.07
HSS-STD migration
NT - - - - - -
Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - - - - Program Coverage - - -
HSS-FSW
NT - - - - - - Home
PP - - - - - - based- Kothi-
HSS-MSM Daily
NT - - - - - - NA; NA;
Injectors-
PP - - - - - - Brothel Panthi-
HSS-IDU NA;

68 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - - - - - - Typology based- NA;
Non-daily - - - - -
PP - - * 0.53 0.32 0.22 0.25 0.33 NA; Double
Injectors-
ICTC Male Street decker-
NT - - * 1135 315 1379 1627 1501 NA
based- NA
PP - - * 0.53 0.35 0 0.32 0.23 NA
ICTC Female
NT - - * 189 285 560 629 887 % <25 yrs. - - -
PP - - * - - - 0.32 0.32 % Married - - -
ICTC Referred
NT - - * - - - 1870 2159 STI/RTI
ICTC Direct PP - - * 0.53 0.33 0.15 0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011
Walk-in NT - - * 1324 600 1939 386 229 No. episodes treated 0 0 785 3264
PLHIV Profile, 2009 % Syphilis positivity 0 0 0.64 0.47
% On % 15- % Ill., % % Widowed or Programme Response
ART 24yrs Prim. Edu. Married Divorced No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ART (23) 57 13 26 39 9 FSW TIs - - - - - - - -
DLN (NA) - - - - - MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011 IDU TIs - - - - 1 1 1 1
Hetero Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent Comp. TIs - - - - - - 1 -
Unknown
sexual Bisexual Transfusion Syringe to Child
ICTCs - - 2 1 2 3 3 3
% of Total
100 0 0 0 0 0 Total tested at
(N=7) - - 661 2359 3420 4551 3328 2683
ICTCs5
Block-Level Details
Blood Banks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 1 1 1 1
FSW
ART centres - - - - - - - -
No. HRG-
- - - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
MSM
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
% Positive, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 5 8 8 8 14
- - - - - - - - - Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
ICTC
% Positive, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - Condom Outlets - - - - 8 8 14 7
PPTCT
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
 District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiling

Sundargarh
Background: 

Sundargarh District is in the northwestern part of Odisha state. The district Sundargarh District
is bound by Raigarh of Chhattisgarh in the west, Jashpur of Chhattisgarh
in the North-West, Simdega of Jharkhand in the North, West Singhbhum
of Jharkhand and Keonjhar district of Odisha in the east and Jharsuguda,
Sambalpur, Deogarh and Angul districts of Odisha in the South. It has a
population of 20.80 lakhs with a sex ratio of 971 females per 1,000 males,
and a female literacy rate of 65.93% with an overall literacy rate of 74.13%
(2011 Census). The economy of Sundargarh district mainly depends on
agriculture. Sundargarh district has big industries at Rourkela, Rajgangpur
and Kansbahal which attract in-migration of labour as well as have become
major truck halt points of the district. The major highway that passes 

through Sundargarh is National Highway23. 

HIV Epidemic Profile: 

• According to 2010 HSS-ANC data, HIV prevalence in Sundargarh was low at 0.25%
 among the ANC clients, with a fluctuating trend.
• In 2011, the level of HIV positivity was low among the PPTCT (0.03%) and Blood
 Bank (0.09%) attendees, with a stable trend, but Blood Bank

experienced a steep rise in 2009. 


• As per 2010 HSS data, HIV prevalence among FSWs was low at 2.01%, but due to lack of data, a trend could not be drawn.
• In 2011, HIV prevalence among ICTC attendees was low among male (0.58%) and female (0.88%) clients, and also among referred clients
(0.62%) and direct walk-in clients (1.04%), with an overall stable trend. 


• As per mapping conducted, FSW (513; 97.71% of total HRG) was the largest HRG in the district. Of the FSWs, 55.97% were home-based and
28.42% were street-based.
• In 2011, the syphilis positivity rate among STI clinic attendees was 0.23%.
• As per the 2001 Census, 6.05% of the male population was migrant. 16.5% migrated to other states and 25.35% migrated to other districts
within the state.
• The top two destinations for out-of-state migration were Raigarh in Chhattisgarh and North West district of Delhi.
• In 2009, of the 96 PLHIV registered at the ART, 11% were 15-24 years of age, 45% were on ART, 20% were illiterate or only had a primary
school education, 29% were married and 7% were divorced or widowed.
• Based on 2011 ICTC data, HIV transmission through homosexual/bisexual activity (12.9%) stands second after heterosexual transmission
(77.42%), in the district.
• The HIV and RTI/STI awareness rate was 52.2% and 14.3%, respectively among women (DLHS-III).
• A total of nine ICTCs, and 37 RRCs were operational in the district in 2011. Since 2009, the number of clients being tested at ICTC has been
increasing.

Key Recommendations:
• Continue prevention strategies to maintain HIV prevalence at low levels.
• Focus on outreach efforts among hard-to-reach sub-groups, such as home-based FSW.
• Strengthen outreach programme through awareness campaign especially among women, out -migrant men and around truck halt points and
highways in the district.
• In-depth analysis of ICTC/ART data to assess risk factors and strengthen interventions for MSM population is necessitated by higher HIV
transmission rate through homosexual route.
• Better assessment of the size and profile of FSW’s client populations, including migrants and truckers, will help in understanding of district
vulnerabilities.

District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha | 69

 Sundargarh
District Population: 20,80,664 (4.90% of Odisha Population); Female Literacy1: 65.93%; ANC Utilization2: 53.3%
HIV Levels and Trends3 Vulnerabilities
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HRG Size Male Migration, 2001 Census
PP4 0 0.25 0.25 0 1.75 0.25 Intra- Intra-
HSS-ANC FSW MSM IDU Overall Inter-state
NT4 400 400 400 400 400 400 state district
PP - - * 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.03 Size Est. No. out-
PPTCT 513 12 - 56563 9360 14336 32867
(Mapping: NA) migration
NT - - * 3828 1722 6314 7974 9304
% of
PP 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.59 - 0.09 % Total HRG 97.71 2.29 - 6.05 1.00 1.53 3.52
Blood Bank male pop.
NT 11685 9376 11702 9082 11157 3930 - 10698
% of total
PP - - - - - - % Total Pop. 0.02 0 - 100 16.55 25.35 58.11
HSS-STD migration
NT - - - - - - Program Target NA NA NA Top 5 districts for inter-state out-migration
PP - - - 0 - 2.01 Program Coverage 262 167 0
HSS-FSW
NT - - - 250 - 249 Home
PP - - - - - - based- Kothi-
HSS-MSM Daily
NT - - - - - - 55.97%; 47.90%;
Injectors-
PP - - - - - - Brothel Panthi- Raigarh, Pashchimi Raipur, Durg,
HSS-IDU NA; North

70 | District HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Odisha

NT - - - - - - Typology based- 40.12%; Chhatis Singhbhum, Chhati Chhatis
Non daily West
PP - 1.30 0.89 1.05 1.21 0.22 0.46 0.58 11.11%; Double garh Jharkhand sgarh garh
Injectors- Delhi
ICTC Male Street decker-
NT - 771 2464 2663 2981 5994 6953 6696 NA
based- 11.98%
PP - 1.24 0.83 0.44 1.47 0.37 0.55 0.88 32.92%
ICTC Female
NT - 483 1324 2499 1427 2453 2175 2622 % <25 yrs. 55.42 13.17 -
PP - 1.21 0.51 0.88 1.34 0.16 0.49 0.62 % Married 56.48 51.50 -
ICTC Referred
NT - 1071 3350 3542 3144 6264 6758 8361 STI/RTI
ICTC Direct PP - 1.64 3.65 0.49 1.19 0.55 0.46 1.04 2008 2009 2010 2011
Walk-in NT - 183 438 1620 1264 2183 2370 957 No. episodes treated 167 914 3709 6488
PLHIV Profile, 2009 % Syphilis positivity 7.19 0.72 0.92 0.23
% Ill., Prim. % Widowed Programme Response
% On ART % 15-24 yrs % Married
Edu. or Divorced
No. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ART (96) 45 11 20 29 7
FSW TIs - - - - 1 1 1 1
DLN (NA) - - - - -
MSM TIs - - - - - - - -
Route of HIV Transmission, ICTC 2011
IDU TIs - - - - - - - -
Hetero Homo/ Blood Needle/ Parent
Unknown Comp. TIs - - 1 1 - 2 2 2
sexual Bisexual Transfusion Syringe to Child
ICTCs 2 2 5 4 6 7 9 9
% of Total
77.42 12.90 4.84 0 4.84 0 Total tested at
(N=62) - 1254 4569 8990 6130 14761 17102 18622
ICTCs5
Block-Level Details
Blood Banks 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5
No. HRG- Rourkela Lahunipara,
- - - - - - - STI Clinics - - - - 2 2 2 2
FSW city 262 301
No. HRG- Rourkela, ART centres - - - - - - - 1
- - - - - - - - Link ART centres - - - - - - - -
MSM city 167
No. HRG- IDU - - - - - - - - - PLHIV Networks - - - - - - - -
% Positive, Rajgangpur, Red Ribbon Clubs - - - 14 18 18 21 37
Dhh, 0.04 Rgh, 0.14 Bonai, 0 - - - - - Comm. Care Centers - - - - - - - -
ICTC 0
% Positive, Rourkela, Lahunip, Drop-in-Centers - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
PPTCT city 262 ara 301 Condom Outlets - - 10 11 11 24 30 35
* Inadequate sample size; - Data not available; 1 2011 Census; 2 Source: DLHS III; 3 Data presented only for years where sample size is valid (HSS-ANC≥ 300, HSS-HRG/STD≥ 187, ICTC≥ 600, PPTCT≥ 900 and BB≥ 900); 4 PP = percent
positive, NT = number tested; 5 General clients & pregnant women
The National AIDS Control Programme has a strong focus on district level planning,
implementation and monitoring of interventions for prevention and control of HIV. The
Programme is generating a rich evidence base on HIV/AIDS through a robust and expanded
HIV Sentinel Surveillance system, monthly reporting from programme units, mapping and
size estimations, behavioural surveys as well as several studies, research projects and
evaluations.

In this context of increased availability of data and the requirement of decentralized planning
at the district level, a project titled “Epidemiological Profiling of HIV/AIDS Situation at District
and Sub-district Level using Data Triangulation” was undertaken by the Department of AIDS
Control in 25 states (539 districts). The objective of this exercise was to develop district HIV/
AIDS epidemic profiles, by consolidating all the available information for a district at one
place and drawing meaningful inferences using Data Triangulation approaches.

This technical document is an outcome of the data triangulation process and consists of
a snapshot on the district background, and on the HIV epidemic profile of each district
based on the available updated information, thereby giving an overview of the HIV epidemic
scenario in each of the districts of the State.

This document would be useful for the HIV programme managers and policy makers at all
levels to help in decision making, as well as for researchers and academicians as a quick
reference guide to the HIV/AIDS situation in the districts.

India’s voice against AIDS

Department of AIDS Control
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
6th & 9th floors, Chandralok Building, 36 Janpath, New Delhi-110001 India’s voice against AIDS
www.naco.gov.in Department of AIDS Control
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
6th & 9th floors, Chandralok Building, 36 Janpath, New Delhi-110001
www.naco.gov.in