7 Janaka Pushpakumara – ICT – Short Notes

tlsfkl iïnkaê; j.= tl;=jla

fufyhqï moaO;shla mß.Klfha iiïNdù m%fõY u;lhg
m%d:ñl h;=r ^m%Odk u;lhg& m%fõY lr .ekSfï iïmQ¾K l%shdj,sh iïnkaê; o;a; iuqodhla w;ahqre o;a; bf,lafg%dksl o;a;
 j.=jl ;Srejla lafIa;%hla ^Primary Key& booting f,i y`ÿkajkq ,nhs'
f,i ye`Èkafjhs' iuqodh iuqodh
^Field& f,i ye`Èkafõ' j.=jl frfldav ld¾hlaIu;dj wvq h ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä h
 j.=jl fma<shla frfldavhla wkkH j y÷kd ksrjoH;dj wvq h ksrjoH;dj jeä h
^Record& f,i olajkq ,efí' .; yels ^Unique& wd.ka;=l h;=r (Foreign Key) ixhqla; h;=r (Composite úYajdikSh;ajh wvq h úYajdikSh;ajh jeä h
;Srejla ^fyda ;Sre o;a; úYaf,aIKh wiSre h o;a; úYaf,aIKh myiq h
ixfhdackhla&
bf,lafg%dksla wdphk Primary Key)
udOHhla ;=< ;eïm;a lr ;nd tla j.=jl lafIa;%hla ^fyda lafIa;% j.=jl frfldavhla wkkH wdodkh l< wkqms<sfj<ska wdodk wkqms<sfj< fjkia
m%d:ñl h;=r .ekSu wfkla l%uhhs' fuu ixfhdackhla& u.ska fjk;a j.=jl u ±laùug isÿùu lr ±laùug we;s yelshdj
j y÷kd .; yels ;Sre
^Primary Key& l%uh bf,lafg%dksl o;a; fma<s wkkH j y÷kd .; yels kï folla fyda jeä .Kkla wkjYH o;a; uelSu ^bj;a wkjYH o;a; uelSu ^bj;a
f,i ye`Èkafõ' iuqodh (electronic database) tu lafIa;%h tu j.=fjys mj;sk fyda ixfhdackh lsÍfuka lsÍu&wmyiq h lsÍu&myiq h
y÷kajuq wd.ka;=l h;=rla ^Foreign Key) iEfok m%d:ñl h;=r o;a; hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu o;a; hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu
f,i ye`Èkafõ' wd.ka;=l h;=r wmyiq h myiqh
Composite Primary key
iïnkaê; j.=j, we;s o;a;j,ska ,nd .kakd jeo.;a u.ska j.= folla w;r f,i
f;dr;=rej, uqøK msgm;a ,nd .ekSu i|yd jd¾;d Ndú; o;a; iuqodhl ,laIK iïnkaO;djla f.dv kef.a' ye`oskafõ' ;eïm;a lsÍug jeä ;eïm;a lsÍug b;d wvq
flf¾' jd¾;d ieliSu i|yd j.= iy úuiqu hk foj¾.h u  o;a; iu;sßla;;dfjka úhqlal wjldYhla wjYH ùu wjldYhla wjYH ùu
fhdod .; yels h' nj : o;a; ;eïm;a lsÍfï § tl ñksia Y%uh jeämqr wjYH ñksia Y%uh wvqfjka wjYH
u o;a; j.= lsysmhl ;eïm;a ùu ùu ùu
o;a; iu;sßla;;dj (Data wd.ka;=l h;=rl iqúfYaI;d
Redundancy) f,I
ye`Èkafõ'  j.= folla w;r iïnkaO;djla
f.dvke.Su o;a; m%rEm DATA TYPES
iaÓrdx. (Firmware) hkq mGk ud;% u;lfhys ^ROM&  o;a;j, ix.;;dj mej;Su :  iïnkaê; j.=fõ m%d:ñl
ia:dms;" mß.Klfha uQ,sl l%shd;aul ^BOOT& ùug wod< o;a; iu;sßla;;dj h;=re lafIa;%hg wkqrEmS o;a; o;a; m%rEm ( tla lafIa;%hlg wod< tl-tl iïnkaO;dj (one-to-one
o;a; j¾.h o;a; m%rEmhla f,i
Wmfoia fõ' mßYS,lhd ;srh u; olsk m%:u Ñ;%l fyda joka (redundency) ke;s muKlamej;Su
ye`Èkafõ' relationship)
m%;sodkh lrkq ,nkafka o iaÓrdx. úisks' lsÍfuka $md,kh lsÍfuka  tla j.=jl wd.ka;=l h;=r j.=jl tla frfldavhla fjk;a j.=jl tla
tl u o;a; úúO j.=j, ;j;a j.=jl m%d:ñl h;=r f,i • ixLHd;aul ^Numeric& (
;eïm;a ùu kej;sh yels .Kkh lsÍï i`oyd fhdod .kq frfldavhla iu. iïnkaO jkafka kï yd kï
mj;S' u muKla tu j.= fol w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj
h$wju l< yels h' túg ,nhs' wdldr lsysmhlsk amj;S'
o;a;j, ix.;;dj  Integer ( Ok fyda RK tl-t ^one-to-one& iïnkaO;djla f,i
^Consistency& mj;ajd f,i mj;sk mQ¾K ye¢kafõ' j.= fol A iy B kï ñka woyia
.ekSug yels fõ'
j.=jl tla tla frfldav iïnkaê;
CPU - (Central Processing Unit) j.=fõ frfldav lsysmhla iu. ixLHd;aul w.h fõ' flfrkafka A j.=fõ we;s tla frfldavhla B
BIOS - (Basic Input Output System) iïnkaO jkafka kï tu j.= fol Wod ( 12" -23 j.=fõ we;s tla frfldavhla iu. muKla
POST - (Power On Self-Test) w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj tl-nyq  Real : oYu iys; mj;sk
Ok fyda RK ixLHd fõ' iïnkaO jk njhs' tfia ke;s kï B j.=fõ we;s
CMOS - (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) o;a; ,sÅ; j igyka lr ;nd .ekSu ^one-to many& iïnkaO;djla f,i Wod ( 8'125" -2'64" 4'00 tla frfldavhla A j.=fõ we;s tla frfldavhla
MBR - (Master Boot Record) tla l%uhls' fuu l%uh w;ahqre
ye`oskafõ'
o;a; iuqodh ^manual database& f,i • mdG ^Text& ( wlaIr" iu. muKla iïnkaO jk njhs'
OS - (Operating System)
RAM - (Random Access Memory)
y÷kajuq • Aj.=fõ tla frfldavhlg B b,lalïj,ska fyda úfYaI
j.=fõ i,l=Kq ^WÞ - %, *, -)
frfldav lsysmhla iu. iukaú;h' iïnkaê; o;a; iuqodhl j.= w;r tlg-tl ^one
iïnkaO úh  b,lalï Ndú; l< o
o;a;wkqmsgm;a ùu (Data yels h' to one&" tlg-nyq ^one to many& iy nyq-nyq
.Kkh lsÍug fhdod
Duplication) uDÿldx.h ksIamdok iud.u fkd.efka' ^many to many& f,i iïnkaO;d ;=kla mj;S'
Access Microsoft Company • B j.=fõ tla frfldavhlg A  Wod( cd;sl ye`ÿkqïm;a
j.=jl o;a; wkqmsgm;a ùu ksid Base The Document Foundation j.=fõ
my; olafjk wjdis we;s fõ' tla frfldavhla iu. muKla wxlh 889534731v
Oracle Oracle Cooperation
iïnkaO  ÿrl:k wxlh 0112785123"
0112-785123 o;a; .=ma;fla;kh (Data Encription) hkq wkjir
 frfldavj, wkkH;dj mj;ajd úh yels h'
mqoa.,hskag lshúh fkdyels jk mßÈ o;a;
f.k hdug m%d:ñl h;=re • uqo,a ^Currency& ( uQ,H w.h
tlsfkl iïnkaê; j.=j, o;a;j,ska wjYH f;dr;=re mßj¾;kh lr,Suhs'
lafIa;%hla f;dard .ekSug • B j.=fõ frfldav iu. oelaùug fhdod .efka'
,nd .ekSu i|yd úuiqu Ndú; lruq'
fkdyels ùu' úuiqu u.ska tla tla j.=j, f;dard .;a lafIa;%j,g iïnkaO fkdjQ frfldav  Wod ( $ 12'45" Rs 35'00
o;a; iuqodhg uqrmo fh§fuka yd o;a;
 ksjerÈ j o;a; úYaf,aIKh ^;Sre& wod< o;a; ksfhdackh mej;sh yels h' • Èkh iy fõ,dj ^Date/Time&
lsÍug fkdyels ùu' • Aj.=fõ frfldav iu. iïnkaO ( Èk iy fõ,dj olajhs' .=ma;fla;kh lsÍfuka wkjir m%fõY yd
flf¾'
fkdjQ l%shdldrlï isÿ ùug we;s bvlv iSud ùfuka
 o;a; iuqodfha ld¾hlaIu;dj  Wod ( 12$23$2013" 7'35 a.m
wvq ùu frfldav mej;sh fkdyels h' • nQ,shka ^Boolean& ( i;H o;a;j, wdrlaIdj (Security) ;yjqre fõ'
• m%d:ñl h;=r wvx.= ;Srefõ
nyq-nyq iïnkaO;dj (many-to-many Relationship) o;a; ^True&$wi;H ^False& f,i
 fodaI iys; f;dr;=re ,eîug tla j.=jl frfldavhla fjk;a j.=jl frfldav Boolean ^Logical& w.h
we;s yelshdj jeä ùu tl u wkqmsgm;a úh fkdyels h'
lsysmhla iu. iïnkaO jkafka kï iy tu iïnkaê; • wd.ka;=l h;=r wvx.= ;Srefõ folla muKla mj;S' o;a; iuqodh l<ukdlrK moaO;sj, § j.=jlg o;a;
o;a; kej; kej; we;=<;a lafIa;%hl m%udKh" thg
lsÍfï § jerÈ isÿ úh yels h' j.=fõ frfldavhla wfkla j.=fõ frfldav lsysmhla o;a; wdodkh lsÍug Ndú; flfrkafka wdlD;s m;% fõ
iu. iïnkaO jkafka kï tu j.= fol w;r mj;sk wkqmsgm;a úh yels h' wdodkh lrk o;a;j, ^Forms&' tfuka u j.=jg we;=<;a l< o;a; oelaùu
• A j.=fõ frfldavhlg iïnkaO iajNdjh yd m%udKh wkqj i|yd o wdlD;s m;% Ndú; flf¾'
 o;a; wdodkh lsÍu wmyiq ùu iïnkaO;dj nyqnyq ^many-to-many& iïnkaO;djla fjkia úh yels h'
f,i ye`Èkafõ' jk B j.=fõ frfldavhla
mej;Su wksjd¾h fkdfõ'

• B j.=fõ frfldavhlg iïnkaO

jk A j.=fõ tla frfldavhla
wksjd¾hfhka u mej;sh hq;= h'