Dry Gas Sealing Systems for Axial, Centrifugal,

and Rotary Screw Compressors and Expanders

Part 3—Dry Gas Seal Support Systems

1 Scope

This part of API 692, in conjunction with API 692, Part 1, specifies requirements for dry gas seal support
systems for axial, centrifugal, expander, and rotary screw compressors for use in the petroleum, chemical,
and gas industry services as described in API 617 and API 619.

2 Normative References

For the purposes of this document, normative references are listed in Part 1.

3 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations given in Part 1 apply.

4 General

The purchaser shall assume unit responsibility and shall assure that all vendors comply with the requirements
of this standard and all reference documents.

5 Requirements

5.1 Standard Fasteners and Units of Measure

For the purposes of this document, standard fasteners and units of measure given in Part 1 apply.

5.2 Statutory Requirements

For the purposes of this document, statutory requirements given in Part 1 apply.

5.3 Alternative Designs

For the purposes of this document, alternative design requirements given in Part 1 apply.

5.4 Documentation Requirements

For the purposes of this document, documentation requirements given in Part 1 apply.

6 Basic Design

Normative and informative annexes are provided as part of the document. These annexes are as follows.

— Annex A—Datasheets (informative): provides datasheets for the dry gas seal support system.

— Annex B—System Diagrams (normative).

— Annex C—Inspector’s Checklist (informative).

— Annex D—Module Comparison (informative).

1
 2 API STANDARD 692

— Annex E—Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements (VDDR) (normative).

— Annex F—Gas Filter Rating, Testing, and Performance (informative).

6.1 General

 6.1.1 The purchaser shall specify maximum dimensions and any special layout requirements of the dry gas
seal support system and identifying skid and panel configurations.

 6.1.2 The purchaser shall specify the allowable temperatures and MAWPs of the system.

 6.1.3 MAWP or pressure rating of the following dry gas seal support subsystems shall be no less than 150 lb
rating and equal to or greater than the values listed in Table 1.

Table 1—Pressure Rating of Dry Gas Seal Systems

Seal gas Maximum seal gas supply source pressure (refer to [Link])
Secondary seal gas Maximum pressure excursion during primary seal failure
Buffer gas Maximum buffer gas supply source pressure
Primary vent Maximum pressure excursion during primary seal failure
Secondary vent, vent, separation gas No additional requirement above 150 lb
Drains MAWP of vent or supply systems connected to the cavity being drained
NOTE Vent study can indicate a need to raise ratings.

[Link] If the seal gas or buffer gas system rating is less than MAWP of the compressor casing or the
maximum seal gas and buffer gas source pressure, respectively, the purchaser and vendor shall agree on the
system rating and mitigation plan.

[Link] Lower ratings, including use of relief valves and specification breaks, require purchaser approval.

 6.1.4 The purchaser shall specify seal gas conditions. Seal gas source shall be at a pressure greater than
the maximum sealing pressure and include any pressure drops within the seal gas system and required margin
specified by the vendor.

NOTE 1 Loss of seal gas due to unreliable systems can cause seal damage leading to possible compressor outages.

NOTE 2 Refer to Section 6.3 in Part 1 for seal gas description and requirements.

 6.1.5 The purchaser shall specify secondary seal gas conditions.

NOTE Refer to Sections 6.3 and 6.4 in Part 1 for description and requirements of the secondary seal gas and site
utilities.

 6.1.6 The purchaser shall specify buffer gas conditions. Buffer gas shall be at a pressure greater than the
maximum sealing pressure, which includes any pressure drops within the seal gas system and required margin
specified by the vendor.

NOTE Refer to Section 6.3 in Part 1 for buffer gas description and requirements.

 6.1.7 The purchaser shall specify separation seal gas conditions.

NOTE Refer to Sections 6.3 and 6.4 in Part 1 for description and requirements of the separation seal gas and site
utilities.

 6.1.8 The purchaser shall specify vent system pressure ranges (minimum, normal, and maximum).
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 3

6.1.9 Control systems shall provide minimum gas velocity across the labyrinths at all clearances, including
minimum labyrinth clearance to twice the maximum design labyrinth clearance.

NOTE 1 Refer to Section 6.6 in Part 1, Table 1 for minimum recommended gas velocities for process, intermediate, and
separation labyrinths.

NOTE 2 In a flow control system, velocity across labyrinths decreases as clearances increase.

6.1.10 All components of the dry gas seal support system shall be completely assembled and within the
confines of the panel or skid.

6.1.11 All connections shall be flanged at the panel or skid edge and supported by the structure. It is possible
that tubing used for instrument sensing lines may not require flanges.

[Link] Connection locations shall be approved by the purchaser.

[Link] Each utility service shall be manifolded to a single skid edge connection point.

 6.1.12 The purchaser shall define components and method of isolation necessary for on-line maintenance
and removal of system components.

NOTE Typical isolation methods use single block, double block and bleed, or valve arrangements including spectacle
blinds.

[Link] Vents, drains, piping, and tubing shall be provided with valves to permit draining, cleaning, purging,
and pressurizing of idle components while the compressor is in operation.

6.1.13 Filters, liquid traps, separators, coolers, heaters, and other pressure vessels shall be in accordance
with Section VIII of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code or other purchaser specified design codes.

 6.1.14 If specified, the vessels smaller than the size required for a code stamp shall be code stamped. Local
codes, regulations, ordinances, or rules can require a code stamp.

NOTE Code stamping is in reference to ASME pressure design codes.

6.1.15 Socket weld connections shall not be used.

6.1.16 Welded connections shall be designed to eliminate pockets where debris can accumulate.

NOTE Weld-o-lets on piping and vessels can create a pocket due to the size of the through hole. Increasing the through
hole size to match the line size will eliminate the pocket.

6.1.17 Threaded connections shall be approved by the purchaser. If approved, threaded connections shall
comply with the requirements listed in 9.2.

NOTE 1 Small component size can dictate the use of threaded connections.

NOTE 2 Compression fittings are not threaded connections.

6.1.18 Restriction orifices less than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) diameter shall be approved by the purchaser.
1
NOTE Orifice sizes smaller than 1.5 mm ( /16 in.) can plug easily.

 6.1.19 If specified, coatings, insulation, and heat tracing to be defined by the purchaser.

NOTE Refer to Section 8 in Part 1 for requirements.

 4 API STANDARD 692

6.2 Accessibility

6.2.1 The arrangement of the dry gas seal support system shall provide adequate clearance areas and safe
access for operation and maintenance. Maintenance considerations include access areas sufficient for filter
element replacement, cooler bundle removal, heater element removal, control valve calibration, instrument
calibration, and repair of control valves or instruments without removal or dismantling of adjacent equipment,
piping, or structure.

 6.2.2 The purchaser shall specify any additional accessibility requirements.

6.3 Tandem Seal—Seal Gas System

6.3.1 General

This section covers the seal gas system for a tandem seal. Modules shall be provided as shown in Annex B
for the corresponding system diagram.

NOTE Applications for using intermediate labyrinths are discussed in Part 2.

 6.3.2 Module A—Alternate Seal Gas Supply

If specified, alternate seal gas supply shall be provided per the requirements listed in 6.14.

NOTE Refer to 6.15.4 for use of boosters as a potential consideration rather than alternate seal gas.

6.3.3 Module B—Gas Conditioning System

A gas conditioning system shall be provided to condition the seal gas per the requirements listed in 6.15.

6.3.4 Module C—Duplex Filter System

Duplex filters shall be provided per the requirements listed in 6.16.

6.3.5 Seal Gas System Control (Modules DT, DT1, DT2, DT3, and DT4)

[Link] General

[Link].1 A pressure-indicating transmitter downstream of the control valve or upstream of any final flow
control element shall be provided to monitor pressure.

[Link].2 A flow-indicating transmitter shall be provided for all modules to monitor flow to each seal.

[Link] Module DT —Seal Gas Flow Control

[Link].1 A flow control valve and orifices shall be provided to control seal gas flow.

[Link].2 The flow controller shall compare the seal gas flow to each seal and adjust the flow control valve to
maintain the minimum required velocity based on low select.

[Link] Module DT1—Seal Gas Differential Pressure Control

 [Link].1 If specified, a differential pressure control valve shall be provided to control seal gas pressure.

[Link].2 The differential pressure controller shall regulate seal gas pressure relative to reference pressure
to maintain the minimum required differential pressure.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 5

[Link].3 Reference pressure shall be taken from the compressor end with the higher sealing pressure
inboard of the process side labyrinth.

[Link].4 Reference pressure shall not be taken from the balance line.

NOTE Measurements taken in a flowing line like the balance line will not give an accurate indication of pressure at the
dry gas seal.

[Link].5 Differential pressure control point shall be equal to or exceed pressure losses due to flow induced
friction; flow contraction and/or expansion along the supply path and pressure drop in the labyrinth at normal
flow.

NOTE Changes in the system flow rates will change the pressure profile.

[Link].6 An orifice shall be provided in each seal supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between
machine ends in the event of a gas seal failure.

NOTE Flow measuring orifices and flow balancing orifices can be one orifice.

[Link] Module DT2—Seal Gas Orifice Flow Control

 [Link].1 If specified, an orifice to each seal shall be provided to regulate flow. This system should only be
used with steady supply conditions and sufficient margin above maximum sealing pressure.

[Link].2 A pressure-indicating transmitter upstream of the flow-indicating transmitters shall be provided.

 [Link] Module DT3—Seal Gas Individual Flow Control

If specified, individual flow control valves to each seal shall be provided to control flow.

NOTE This system can be used with different sealing pressures on each seal, e.g. screw compressors.

[Link] Module DT4—Seal Gas Differential Pressure Control for Primary Vent Pressure Higher Than
Suction Pressure

 [Link].1 If specified, a differential pressure control valve shall be provided to control seal gas pressure.

[Link].1.1 The differential pressure controller shall regulate seal gas pressure based on low select
differential pressure between the supply pressure and reference pressure and between the supply pressure
and each primary vent pressure.

[Link].1.2 The reference pressure shall be taken from the compressor end with the higher sealing
pressure.

[Link].1.3 Primary vent pressure shall be taken upstream of any back pressure device.

NOTE This module can prevent reverse pressurization of the seal when primary vent pressure is equal to or higher than
suction pressure.

[Link].2 Reference pressure shall not be taken from the balance line.

NOTE Measurements taken in a flowing line like the balance line will not give an accurate indication of pressure at the
dry gas seal

[Link].3 Differential pressure control point shall be equal to or exceed pressure losses due to flow induced
friction; flow contraction and/or expansion along the supply path and pressure drop in the labyrinth at normal flow.

NOTE Changes in the system flow rates will change the pressure profile.
 6 API STANDARD 692

6.3.6 Temperature Monitoring

[Link] Temperature transmitters shall be provided and placed as close to each seal gas inlet as possible to
monitor seal gas temperature.

[Link] If a gas conditioning system (Module B) is specified for the seal gas, the gas inlet temperature
transmitters shall be used for heater control (Module B4).

6.4 Tandem Seal with Intermediate Labyrinth—Secondary Seal Gas System

6.4.1 General

This section covers the seal gas system for a tandem seal with an intermediate labyrinth. Modules shall be
provided as shown in Annex B for the corresponding system diagram.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify the location of any pressure rating breaks of pipe and equipment.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify any additional requirements for back flow prevention.

NOTE Process pressure can be significantly higher than nitrogen systems supplying secondary seal gas.

6.4.2 Module C—Duplex Filter System

Duplex filters shall be provided and comply with the requirements listed in 6.16.

6.4.3 Secondary Gas System Control (Modules F, F1, F2, and F3)

[Link] A pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided downstream of the control valve or upstream of
any final orifice to monitor pressure.

[Link] A flow-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor flow to each seal.

[Link] A check valve shall be provided on each secondary seal gas supply line at the exit of the panel or
skid as shown in Annex B.

6.4.4 Module F—Secondary Seal Gas Pressure Control

[Link] A pressure control valve shall be provided to regulate secondary seal gas pressure.

[Link] Flow to each seal shall be regulated by an orifice sized to maintain the minimum required velocity.

6.4.5 Module F1—Secondary Seal Gas Flow Control

 [Link] If specified, a differential pressure control valve referenced to line pressure downstream of an orifice
shall be provided to control secondary seal gas pressure.

NOTE This is flow control for fluctuating primary vent pressure.

[Link] An orifice shall be provided in each seal supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between
machine ends during normal operation and in the event of a gas seal failure.

6.4.6 Module F2—Secondary Seal Gas Flow Control

 [Link] If specified, a flow control valve shall be provided to regulate secondary seal gas flow and provide
required velocity across the intermediate labyrinth.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 7

[Link] A flow controller shall compare the secondary seal gas flow to each seal and adjust the flow control
valve to maintain the minimum required velocity based on low select.

[Link] An orifice shall be provided in each seal supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between
machine ends during normal operation and in the event of a gas seal failure.

 6.4.7 Module F3—Secondary Seal Gas Individual Flow Control

If specified, individual flow control valves to each seal shall be provided to control the secondary seal gas
flow.

6.5 Tandem Seal—Primary and Secondary Vent Systems

6.5.1 General

This section covers the primary and secondary vent system for tandem seals. Modules shall be provided as
shown in Annex B for the corresponding system diagram.

6.5.2 Primary Vent (Modules G, H, and L)

[Link] General

The primary vent shall be routed to a safe location. Some safe locations can produce back pressure.

NOTE Primary vents are typically routed to a flare or other recovery systems.

 [Link] Module G—Primary Vent Pressure-relief Device

If specified, a pressure-relief device shall be provided per 7.10.

[Link] Module H—Primary Vent Pressure and Flow Monitoring

[Link].1 A pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor the primary vent pressure and a
flow-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor the flow.

[Link].2 A check valve shall be provided downstream of the back pressure device.

[Link] Module L—Primary Vent Back Pressure Regulator or Control Valve

[Link].1 A back pressure regulator or control valve shall control the primary vent pressure at least 5 psi
(0.34 bar) above the minimum secondary seal differential pressure specified by the vendor. Using an orifice is
not recommended for low-pressure applications unless secondary seal gas is used.

NOTE 1 This allows condition monitoring of the secondary seal. Secondary seal failure can be detected by a loss of
primary vent pressure.

NOTE 2 Methods described in Module L and L2 can also provide restriction to monitor high pressure during primary seal
failure where Module L1 may not.

[Link].2 A single back pressure control device can be supplied on the common vent header for multiple
seals if approved by the purchaser.

[Link].3 When a single back pressure control device is approved by the purchaser, the vendor shall provide
functional and design details to define the proposed system and the effects during failure (e.g. impact of failed
seal on non-failed seal).
 8 API STANDARD 692

 [Link] Module L1—Primary Vent Back Pressure Check Valve

If specified, a spring-loaded check valve alone shall be provided to ensure adequate differential pressure
exists across the secondary seal as specified in [Link].1.

 [Link] Module L2—Primary Vent Back Pressure Orifice

If specified, an orifice shall be provided to ensure adequate differential pressure exists across the secondary
seal as specified in [Link].1.

6.5.3 Secondary Vent (Modules I, J, and K)

[Link] General

Secondary vent shall be routed to a safe location with minimal back pressure.

NOTE 1 Secondary vent is typically routed to an atmospheric location to prevent reverse pressurization of the secondary
seal.

NOTE 2 Secondary vent can require a flame arrestor.

 [Link] Module I—Secondary Vent Gas Analyzer

If specified, a gas analyzer shall be provided to monitor secondary vent gas composition.

NOTE Increased hydrocarbon content in secondary vent can indicate secondary seal failure.

[Link] Modules J and K—Secondary Vent Pressure and Flow Transmitters

[Link].1 If specified, a pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor secondary vent pressure.

 [Link].2 If specified, a flow-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor secondary vent flow. The flow
meter shall not create a restriction.

6.6 Tandem Seal—Drain System

6.6.1 General

This section covers the drain system for tandem seals. Modules shall be provided as shown in Annex B for the
corresponding system diagram.

[Link] All seal cavities shall have low point drains. Drain lines with valve(s) shall be provided as shown in
Annex B.

[Link] Flow glass, isolation valves, and associated piping shall be rated to the same pipe class as the
associated supply lines. Secondary seal vent cavity drain shall be rated to at least the same pipe class as the
separation seal gas system.

NOTE Secondary vent cavity drain can be exposed to pressures that exceed separation seal supply rating during failure
events requiring a higher pressure rating.

6.6.2 Module N—Separation Gas Cavity Flow Glass and Isolation Valve

[Link] A flow glass and isolation valves shall be provided to drain the separation gas cavity.

[Link] The upstream valve shall be normally open to allow monitoring of liquid collection during operation.

[Link] The downstream valve shall be normally closed during operation.

 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 9

 [Link] If specified, this line shall be routed to the lube oil return header or drain system.

NOTE Open drain lines will affect the cavity pressures and seal velocities that can result in problems with operation.

 6.6.3 Module N1—Separation Gas Cavity Automatic Drain

 [Link] If specified, a drain trap shall be provided for automatic draining of the separation gas cavity.

NOTE This can be used in series after Module N.

[Link] System shall be designed to maintain cavity pressure and seal velocity while the drain is open.

6.6.4 Module N2—Separation Gas Cavity Orifice

 [Link] If specified, an orifice for continuous draining shall be provided to drain the separation gas cavity.

NOTE 1 This can be used in series after Module N.

NOTE 2 Open drain lines will affect the cavity pressures and seal velocities that can result in problems with operation.

[Link] Restrictive orifice shall be sized to maintain separation seal minimum velocity requirements.

NOTE Refer to Section 6.6 in Part 1 for requirements.

6.6.5 Module O—Secondary Vent Cavity Flow Glass and Isolation Valves

[Link] A flow glass and isolation valves shall be provided to drain the secondary vent cavity.

[Link] The upstream valve shall be normally open to allow monitoring of liquid collection during operation.

[Link] The downstream valve shall be normally closed during operation.

 6.6.6 Module O1—Secondary Vent Cavity Automatic Drain

If specified, a drain trap shall be provided for automatic draining of the secondary vent cavity.

NOTE This can be used in series after Module O.

6.6.7 Module P—Secondary Seal Gas Drain Valve

A normally closed valve shall be provided to drain the secondary seal gas vent cavity.

6.6.8 Module Q—Primary Vent Cavity Drain Valve

A normally closed valve shall be provided to drain the primary vent cavity.

6.6.9 Module R—Seal Gas Cavity Drain Valve

A normally closed valve shall be provided to drain seal gas cavity.

6.7 Double Seal—Seal Gas System

6.7.1 General

This section covers the seal gas system for a double seal. Modules shall be provided as shown in Annex B for
the corresponding system diagram.
 10 API STANDARD 692

 6.7.2 Module A—Alternate Seal Gas Supply

If specified, alternate seal gas supply shall be provided and comply with the requirements listed in 6.14.

 6.7.3 Module B—Gas Conditioning System

If specified, a seal gas conditioning system shall be provided to condition the seal gas per the requirements
listed in 6.15.

NOTE Seal gas for double seal systems is typically an inert gas. Seal gas conditioning is not typical supplied for
nitrogen seal gas but can be required for alternate seal gas sources.

6.7.4 Module C—Duplex Filter System

Duplex filters shall be provided and comply with the requirements listed in 6.16.

6.7.5 Seal Gas System Control (Modules DD, DD1, DD2, and DD3)

[Link] General

[Link].1 A flow-indicating transmitter shall monitor flow to each gas seal.

[Link].2 A check valve shall be provided on each seal gas line at the exit of the panel or skid as shown in
Annex B.

[Link].3 A pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor pressure to each seal downstream of
the check valve.

NOTE Pressure reference and monitoring lines are after any restriction devices to provide accurate seal supply
pressure readings.

[Link] Module DD—Double Seal Gas Differential Pressure Control

[Link].1 A differential pressure control valve shall be provided to control seal gas pressure.

[Link].2 The differential pressure controller shall regulate the common seal gas pressure based on low
select of individual seal reference lines to maintain the minimum required differential pressure to the gas seals.

[Link].3 An orifice shall be provided in each seal supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between
machine ends in the event of a gas seal failure.

[Link] Module DD1—Double Seal Gas Seal Flow Control

 [Link].1 If specified, no control valve shall be provided to control seal gas pressure.

NOTE 1 Pressure control valve is removed in this option since regulation is not required due to stable seal gas
conditions within the defined seal design parameters considering all pressure losses within the seal gas system.

NOTE 2 This system can produce higher differential pressures than required, resulting in increased seal gas
consumption.

[Link].2 An orifice shall be provided in each seal supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between
machine ends in the event of a gas seal failure.

[Link] Module DD2—Double Seal Gas Pressure Control

 [Link].1 If specified, a pressure control valve shall be provided to control seal gas pressure.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 11

[Link].2 The pressure control valve setting shall account for the maximum specified sealing pressure
considering all pressure losses within the system.

NOTE This system can produce higher differential pressures than required resulting in increased seal gas consumption.

[Link].3 An orifice shall be provided in each seal supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between
machine ends in the event of a gas seal failure.

[Link] Module DD3—Double Seal Gas Differential Pressure Control

 [Link].1 If specified, individual differential pressure controllers shall be provided to control seal gas
pressure.

NOTE This control method can be utilized if there is potential for unbalanced sealing pressures between each gas seal
cavity of the compressor. This can exist in screw (API 619) or integral gear (API 617, Part 3) compressors.

[Link].2 The control valves shall be sized for balancing between machine ends in the event of a gas seal
failure.

6.7.6 Temperature Monitoring

[Link] Temperature transmitters shall be provided and placed as close to each seal gas inlet as possible to
monitor seal gas temperature.

[Link] If a gas conditioning system (Module B) is specified for the seal gas, the gas inlet temperature
transmitters shall be used for heater control (Module B4).

6.8 Double Seal—Buffer Gas System

6.8.1 General

This section covers the buffer gas system for a double seal. Modules shall be provided as shown in Annex B
for the corresponding system diagram.

 6.8.2 Module B—Gas Conditioning System

If specified, a gas conditioning system shall be provided to condition buffer gas per the requirements listed in
6.15.

NOTE Buffer gas for double seal systems is typically an inert gas. Seal gas conditioning is not typically supplied for
nitrogen buffer gas but can be required for alternate buffer gas sources.

6.8.3 Module C—Duplex Filter System

Duplex filters shall be provided and comply with the requirements listed in 6.16.

6.8.4 Buffer Gas System Control (Modules T, T1, T2, and T3)

[Link] General

[Link].1 A pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided downstream of the control valve or upstream of
any final orifice to monitor pressure.

[Link].2 A flow-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor flow to each seal.

[Link].3 A check valve shall be provided on each buffer gas line at the exit of the panel or skid.

NOTE The use of the process gas as the buffer gas could eliminate the requirement for a check valve.
 12 API STANDARD 692

[Link] Module T—Buffer Gas Orifice Flow Control

[Link].1 Orifices shall be provided to control buffer gas flow to each dry gas seal.

NOTE This system should only be used with steady supply conditions and sufficient margin above normal sealing
pressure.

[Link].2 A pressure-indicating transmitter upstream of the flow-indicating transmitters shall be provided.

[Link] Module T1—Buffer Gas Flow Control

 [Link].1 If specified, a flow control valve and orifices shall be provided to control buffer gas flow to each dry
gas seal.

[Link].2 The flow controller shall compare the buffer gas flow to each seal and adjust the flow control valve
to maintain the minimum required velocity based on low select.

[Link] Module T2—Buffer Gas Differential Pressure Control

 [Link].1 If specified, a differential pressure control valve and orifices shall be provided to control buffer gas
flow.

[Link].2 The differential pressure controller shall regulate buffer gas pressure relative to reference pressure,
maintaining the minimum required differential pressure.

[Link].3 The reference pressure shall be taken from the compressor end with the higher pressure.

[Link].4 This pressure shall be taken inboard of the process labyrinth and should be as close to the
compressor case buffer gas inlet as possible to minimize dynamic loss effects.

[Link].5 The reference pressure shall not be taken from any balance line.

[Link].6 An orifice shall be provided in each seal supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between
machine ends in the event of a gas seal failure.

[Link] Module T3—Buffer Gas Individual Flow Control

 [Link].1 If specified, individual flow control valves to each seal shall be provided to control flow.

NOTE This system can be used with unbalanced sealing pressures on each seal, e.g. screw compressors.

6.9 Temperature Monitoring

6.9.1 Temperature transmitters shall be provided and placed as close to each seal gas inlet as possible to
monitor seal gas temperature.

6.9.2 If a gas conditioning system (Module B) is specified for the seal gas, the gas inlet temperature
transmitters shall be used for heater control (Module B4).

6.10 Double Seal—Vent System

6.10.1 General

This section covers the vent system for a double seal. Modules shall be provided as shown in Annex B for the
corresponding system diagram.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 13

[Link] The vent shall be routed to a safe location with minimal back pressure.

NOTE The vent is typically routed to atmosphere.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify if the vent is routed to a flare or recovery system that can create back
pressure.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify Module M2 or M3 for separation gas control if the vent can create back
pressure.

 6.10.2 Module J—Vent Pressure Transmitter

If specified, a pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor vent pressure.

 6.10.3 Module K—Vent Flow-indicating Transmitter

If specified, a flow-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor vent flow. The flow meter shall not create
line restriction on vent.

6.11 Double Seal—Drain System

6.11.1 General

This section covers the drain system for a double seal. Modules shall be provided as shown in Annex B for the
corresponding system diagram.

[Link] All seal cavities shall have low point drains. Drain lines with valve(s) shall be provided as shown in
Annex B.

6.11.2 Module N—Separation Gas Cavity Flow Glass and Isolation Valves

 [Link] If specified, a flow glass and isolation valve shall be provided to drain the separation seal gas cavity.

[Link] Flow glass, isolation valves, and associated piping shall be rated to the same pipe class as the
compressor cavity connection but not less than 150 lb.

[Link] The upstream valve shall be normally open to allow monitoring of liquid collection during operation.

[Link] The downstream valve shall be normally closed during operation.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify when applicable, where separation seal gas cavity drains are to be
routed, the lube oil return header or drain system.

NOTE Open drain lines will affect the cavity pressures and seal velocities that can result in problems with operation.

 6.11.3 Module N1—Separation Seal Gas Cavity Auto Drain

 [Link] If specified, a drain trap shall be provided for automatic draining of the separation seal gas cavity.

NOTE This can be used in series after Module N.

[Link] System shall be designed to maintain cavity pressure and seal velocity while the drain is open.

 6.11.4 Module N2—Separation Seal Gas Cavity Orifice

If specified, an orifice shall be provided for continuous draining of the separation seal gas cavity.
 14 API STANDARD 692

NOTE 1 This can be used in series after Module N.

NOTE 2 Open drain lines will affect the cavity pressures and seal velocities that can result in problems with operation.

[Link] Restrictive orifice shall be sized to maintain separation seal minimum velocity requirements.

NOTE Refer to Section 6.6 in Part 1 for requirements.

6.11.5 Module U—Vent Cavity Flow Glass and Isolation Valve

[Link] A flow glass and isolation valve rated to the same pipe class as the compressor cavity connection but
not less than 150 lb shall be provided to drain the vent cavity drain.

[Link] The upstream valve shall be normally open to allow monitoring of liquid collection during operation.

[Link] The downstream valve shall be normally closed during operation.

NOTE Vent cavity can be exposed to higher pressure during failure events requiring a higher pressure rating.

 6.11.6 Module U1—Vent Cavity Automatic Drain

If specified, a drain trap shall be provided for automatic draining of the vent cavity.

NOTE This can be used in series after Module U.

6.11.7 Module R—Seal Gas Drain Valve

A normally closed valve shall be provided to drain the seal gas cavity.

6.11.8 Module V—Buffer Gas Cavity Drain Valve

A normally closed valve shall be provided to drain the buffer gas cavity.

6.12 Single Seal—Seal Gas System

6.12.1 This section covers dry gas seal systems for a single seal. A single dry gas seal system consists of a
seal gas system, vent-monitoring system, separation seal system, and drain system.

6.12.2 Seal gas requirements and recommended alarms shall be based on those for the tandem seal.

6.12.3 Vent and drain requirements shall be based on those for the double seal.

6.12.4 The vendor and purchaser shall agree on specific requirements for single seal support systems.

6.13 Separation Gas System

6.13.1 General

This section covers the separation gas system for a separation seal.

[Link] Modules shall be provided as shown in Annex B for the corresponding system diagram.

[Link] Separation gas shall be supplied to each seal.

NOTE 1 Typically, separation gas is an inert gas.

NOTE 2 Unreliable gas supply can result in lube oil migration to seal cavity.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 15

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify separation gas conditions.

6.13.2 Module C—Duplex Filter System

[Link] Duplex filters shall be provided and comply with the requirements listed in 6.16.

 [Link] If specified, separation gas shall use the same filter as the secondary seal gas.

NOTE Separation gas is started prior to lube oil system while the case is depressurized. Using a common filter without
isolating secondary seal gas can reverse pressurize the primary seal.

6.13.3 Separation Gas System Control (Modules M, M1, M2, and M3)

[Link] General

[Link].1 A flow-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor flow to each seal.

[Link].2 A check valve shall be provided on each separation gas line at the exit of the panel or skid.

[Link] Module M—Separation Gas Flow Control

[Link].1 A pressure control valve shall be provided to regulate separation seal gas pressure.

[Link].2 A pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided downstream of the pressure control valve to
monitor pressure.

[Link].3 Orifices shall be provided to regulate flow to each seal.

NOTE If Module M is used with a contacting bushing seal, the orifices are provided for the purpose of flow balancing
between machine ends in the event of a seal failure. Normally the seals regulate the flow.

 [Link] Module M1—Separation Gas Individual Pressure Control

If specified, individual pressure control valves shall be provided to control separation seal gas pressure to
each seal.

NOTE Self-venting pressure control valve could be necessary for contacting type seal.

[Link] Module M2—Separation Gas Differential Pressure Control

 [Link].1 If specified, a differential pressure control valve referenced to the secondary vent for tandem seals,
or to the vent for single and double seals, shall be provided. The vent with the highest potential back pressure
should be used for the reference pressure.

NOTE The diagram shows a dome-loaded regulator, but other control valves can be used.

[Link].2 A pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided downstream of each orifice to monitor pressure.

[Link].3 Orifices shall be provided in each supply line for the purpose of flow balancing between machine
ends during normal operation and in the event of a seal failure.

 [Link] Module M3—Separation—Gas Individual Differential Pressure Control

If specified, individual differential pressure control valves shall be provided, referenced to the respective
secondary vent for tandem seals, or to the respective vent for single and double seals.

NOTE The diagram shows a dome-loaded regulator, but other control valves can be used.
 16 API STANDARD 692

6.14 Module A—Alternate Seal Gas Supply

6.14.1 An isolation valve and a check valve shall be provided in the alternate seal gas line.

NOTE 1 Check valves are required to prevent reverse flow into the seal gas supply or alternate seal gas supply systems.

NOTE 2 Refer to Section 6.3 in Part 1 for alternate seal gas supply requirements.

 6.14.2 If specified, the isolation valve shall be automatic.

 6.14.3 The purchaser shall specify details of the automatic transfer system.

6.15 Module B—Gas Conditioning System

6.15.1 General

[Link] Gas conditioning systems shall be provided per the referenced module as shown in Annex B.

[Link] Block and bypass valves shall be provided for each gas conditioning component.

[Link] The bypass valve shall be a full flow type.

 [Link] If specified, any or all of the gas conditioning components shall be provided in a duplex arrangement
with a dedicated transfer valve.

 [Link] If specified, a common bypass shall be provided around the entire gas conditioning section.

NOTE When considering bypassing or duplex arrangements, the potential impacts need to be understood. Example:
seal gas that is prone to saturation during normal operation would be more likely to require duplexing than a gas that is
saturated only during starting conditions.

 [Link] If specified, gas conditioning system shall be provided on a separate skid.

6.15.2 Module B1—Coolers

[Link] Cooler(s) shall be provided as shown in Annex B (Module B1) and supplied per the requirements
listed in 7.2.

[Link] When a cooler is provided, a temperature transmitter shall be provided in the line downstream of the
cooler outlet.

[Link] The cooler outlet line shall be sloped downward towards the separator inlet.

6.15.3 Module B2—Separator

[Link] General

[Link].1 Separator(s) shall be provided as shown in Annex B (Module B2) and comply with the requirements
listed in 7.3.

 [Link].2 Drain system capacity shall be sized for 5 times the normal expected condensate collection rate, or
twice any higher condensate collection rate for alternate conditions specified by the purchaser, whichever is
greater.

[Link].3 Liquid level inside the separator shall be monitored by a level-indicating transmitter as shown in
Annex B, Module B2.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 17

[Link].4 Liquid drain shall have a snap-acting level control valve as shown in Annex B (Module B2).

NOTE This system is typically applied when liquid could be present during normal operation.

[Link].5 Snap-acting level control valve cycle time shall not be less than 5 minutes at normal expected
condensation rates.

NOTE An orifice can be used in the drain line for high differential pressure applications.

 [Link] Module B21—Continuous Drain

If specified, a continuously draining system shall be provided utilizing an orifice and bypass valves as shown
in Annex B (Module B21). The sizing of the orifice for continuously draining systems shall be agreed.

NOTE This system is typically applied when continuous liquids are expected during normal operation.

 [Link] Module B22—Manual Drain

If specified, a normally closed, manually operated valve shall be provided as shown in Annex B (Module B22).

NOTE 1 This option should only be considered if condensation is unlikely to occur.

NOTE 2 An orifice can be needed in the drain line for high differential pressure applications.

 [Link].1 The purchaser shall specify where the drain system will be routed and the downstream back
pressure for drain system.

6.15.4 Module B3—Booster

[Link] Booster(s) shall be provided as shown in Annex B (Module B3) and comply with the requirements
listed in 7.4.

NOTE The requirement for a booster could be eliminated if the normal seal gas or alternate seal gas conditions are
sufficient to maintain the minimum velocity, listed in Part 1, Table 1, across the process side seal during all normal and
alternate operating conditions.

[Link] A check valve shall be provided in the main seal gas line to ensure no back flow in the system as
shown in Annex B (Module B3).

6.15.5 Module B4—Heater

[Link] Heater(s) shall be provided as shown in Annex B (Module B4) and comply with the requirements
listed in 7.5.

[Link] Temperature indicators shall be provided and placed as close to each seal gas inlet as possible to
monitor seal gas temperature.

6.16 Duplex Filter System (Module C)

6.16.1 Duplex filter system shall be supplied as shown in Annex B (Module C).

6.16.2 A pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor the gas pressure.

6.16.3 Gas filters shall be per the requirements listed in 7.6 and provided in a duplex arrangement as shown
in Annex B (Module C).

6.16.4 Each filter body shall have a vent valve and a drain valve.
 18 API STANDARD 692

6.16.5 Vent and drain connections shall be flanged per ANSI B16.5 or SAE flange connections.

6.16.6 A differential pressure-indicating transmitter shall be provided to monitor filter differential pressure.
Instrument manifold shall not allow bypassing of filter elements.

6.16.7 A check valve shall be provided downstream of the duplex filters as shown in Annex B (Module C).

6.16.8 Transfer valves shall be provided per the requirements listed in 7.7.

7 [INSERT TITLE]

7.1 General

This section provided additional information about major components required for dry gas seal support
systems.

7.2 Cooler

 7.2.1 Cooler(s) shall be water-cooled or air-cooled as specified.

7.2.2 Cooler(s) shall be fabricated with flanged vent and flanged drain connections on the water and gas
side.

7.2.3 Cooler gas side shall be self-draining to the outlet.

7.2.4 All cooler materials in contact with the seal gas shall be a minimum of 316/316L stainless steel.
Materials not in contact with the gas side may be carbon steel.

 7.2.5 The purchaser shall specify alternative materials for saltwater services.

7.2.6 Air coolers shall be supplied in accordance with API 661.

7.2.7 All shell-and-tube-type coolers shall be supplied with removable bundles and removable channel
covers.

[Link] Shell-and-tube-type coolers shall have straight tube construction.

[Link] U-tube construction may be supplied with purchaser approval.

NOTE 1 Removable bundle allows for more thorough cleaning.

NOTE 2 U-tube bundles are more difficult to clean but can accommodate a greater amount of thermal growth.

7.2.8 Water-cooled shell-and-tube coolers shall be designed and constructed to TEMA Class R in
accordance with API 660.

[Link] Water-cooled shell-and-tube coolers may be designed and constructed to TEMA C or other specified
code if approved by the purchaser.

[Link] TEMA C Type W shall not be used.

 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 19

 [Link] Unless otherwise specified, cooling water system or systems shall be designed for the following
conditions:

Water velocity over heat exchange surfaces ≥1.5 m/s to 2.5 m/s ≥5 ft/s to 8 ft/s

MAWP (gauge) ≥700 kPag (7 barg) ≥100 psig

Test pressure (≥1.5 MAWP) ≥1050 kPag (10.5 barg) ≥150 psig

Maximum pressure drop 100 kPa (1 bar) 15 psi

Maximum inlet temperature 30 °C 90 °F

Maximum outlet temperature 50 °C 120 °F

Maximum temperature rise 20 K 30 °F

Minimum temperature rise 10 K 20 °F

2 2
Water-side fouling factor 0.35 m K/kW 0.002 hr-ft -°F/Btu

1
Corrosion allowance for carbon steel shells 3 mm /8 in.

[Link] The vendor shall notify the purchaser if the criteria for minimum temperature rise and velocity over
heat exchange surfaces result in a conflict. If such a conflict exists, the purchaser shall approve the final
selection.

NOTE The criterion for velocity over heat exchange surfaces is intended to minimize water-side fouling; the criterion for
minimum temperature rise is intended to minimize the use of cooling water.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify whether the water is on the shell side or tube side.

NOTE 1 Water on the tube side allows for easier cleaning.

NOTE 2 Water on the shell side allows the shell to be rated to a lower pressure in high-pressure applications. This can
require the addition of an overpressure protection device in the event of a tube leak.

5
[Link] Nominal tube OD shall be at least 16 mm ( /8 in.), and nominal tube wall thickness shall be at least
16 BWG [1.65 mm (0.065 in.)].

 [Link] If specified, water-side thermal relief shall be provided.

 [Link] If specified, multi-plate-frame coolers shall be provided.

[Link].1 The vendor shall include in the proposal complete details of any proposed plate-frame cooler.

NOTE Plate coolers have low differential pressure capability of the plates and plates have a tendency to foul and
require replacement if condensates form. Plate coolers are typically smaller in size compared to shell-and-tube coolers
and in many cases supported by the piping and removing the need for additional supports.

[Link].2 Process connections shall all be at one end of the exchanger.

[Link].3 Elastomeric gaskets shall be provided between the welded plate pack and the frame.

 [Link].4 The gasket material shall be specified and be compatible with the process fluids and operating
conditions.
 20 API STANDARD 692

 [Link].5 Plate material shall be 316/316L stainless steel for fresh cooling water, titanium for salt water, or as
specified by the purchaser for compatibility with the process fluids.

NOTE Titanium plates are often used to eliminate chloride stress corrosion concerns.

[Link].6 As a minimum, the frame and carry bar shall be painted carbon steel.

7.3 Separator

7.3.1 Separators shall be provided with the following:

a) separation section,

b) liquid collection section,

c) level-indicating transmitter(s),

d) drain,

e) removable cover,

f) separate connections for individual devices.

7.3.2 Separator shall be sized for three times seal gas normal flow with the following exit gas condition:

a) 98 % removal of 10 μm and larger solid particles,

b) 50 ppmw of liquid particles.

7.3.3 Use of filter elements to achieve the requirements in 7.3.2 shall be approved by the purchaser.

NOTE Duplex separators and additional instrumentation could be needed if filter elements are used.

7.3.4 If a separator contains a filter element, differential pressure indication shall be provided.

NOTE A mist eliminator is not considered a filter element.

7.3.5 Separation section shall be provided with an impingement plate and a demister pad. The use of vane
packs, cyclone separators or other separation technology shall be approved by the purchaser.

7.3.6 Separators shall be sized with a liquid collection section that provides a working transmitter range
equal to or greater than 10 minutes of collection at normal expected condensate rates, or not less than 10 liters
(2.5 gallons) as shown in Figure 1. The separator shall have at least the same volume available between the
100 % level and the bottom of the gas outlet port.

NOTE If no specified operating conditions generate condensate, the minimum 10 liter (2.5 gallon) sizing is intended for
mitigating unexpected and off-line conditions where liquids can inadvertently be introduced to the system. The purchaser
can specify a larger size based on factors such as upstream liquid pockets or if multiple compressors are supplied from
one separator.

7.3.7 The vendor shall supply condensate rates assuming normal cooler operation and separator sizing
calculations for purchaser approval.

7.3.8 Separators shall have removable bolted covers for top access for cleaning and maintenance.

[Link] The cover shall not have any piping connections.

[Link] Davits shall be provided for covers that exceed 15 kg (35 lb).
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 21

Figure 1—[Insert Title]

7.3.9 Separator connections shall be flanged.

7.3.10 All separator materials in contact with gas shall be a minimum of 316/316L stainless steel.

 7.3.11 If specified, alternate separator materials shall be provided.

7.4 Booster

 7.4.1 If specified, duplex boosters shall be provided. Each booster shall provide the required capacity.

7.4.2 Control of the booster(s) shall be in accordance with the seal gas control method (i.e. flow control or
differential pressure control).

[Link] Boosters shall automatically start as needed.

[Link] Controls shall stop the booster manually or automatically as agreed.

NOTE Booster will operate when process compressor is idle and pressurized, as well as when there is insufficient
differential pressure provided by the main process compressor.

7.4.3 The vendor shall specify condition requirements for the booster gas supply.

NOTE To meet the gas condition requirements for reliable operation, a pre-filter could be required.

7.4.4 Remote indication shall be provided to indicate booster operating status.

 22 API STANDARD 692

7.4.5 An alarm shall be provided to indicate when the booster fails to start or operate as needed.

7.4.6 Positive displacement booster shall be equipped with a cycle counter.

NOTE Boosters have typically been life-limited components and can require replacement based on number of cycles.

7.4.7 The booster shall be sized to provide the seal gas normal flow. The vendor shall supply the basis for
these requirements for the range of all specified utility conditions.

NOTE Sizing criteria does not account for wear in the booster.

7.4.8 The purchaser shall approve the use of multiple boosters in parallel operation to meet the seal gas
normal flow requirements.

NOTE During pressurization or static conditions, a single positive displacement booster capacity could be insufficient to
maintain the minimum velocity required.

7.4.9 The vendor shall provide the maximum pressure the booster can develop blocked in. For gas-driven
boosters, maximum pressure developed shall be based on the range of motive gas conditions.

7.4.10 For rod and shaft seals, leakage shall be monitored to identify damaged or worn seals and vented to a
safe location.

7.4.11 Booster(s) shall be mounted to allow free draining of both supply and discharge lines away from the
booster to prevent liquid collection.

7.4.12 Provisions shall be provided to allow removal of the booster(s) during operation from the seal gas
conditioning system.

7.4.13 Booster shall be 316/316L stainless steel. The purchaser shall approve the selection of nonmetallic
sealing materials.

 7.4.14 If specified, alternate booster materials shall be provided.

7.4.15 All connections in seal gas service shall be flanged. If approved by the purchaser, threaded
connections may be used in the motive gas service.

7.4.16 Boosters shall be rigidly mounted to panel or skid.

 7.4.17 If specified, pulsation dampeners shall be provided to reduce pressure pulsations during booster
operation.

7.4.18 Booster shall have provisions for testing while the main process compressor is in service, as well as
when idle and depressurized.

7.4.19 The vendor shall specify, the motive gas quality and utility requirements for gas-driven booster(s). This
should include but not be limited to dew point requirements or limitations, particle content, volume, minimum
and maximum pressure, and temperature limits.

[Link] The purchaser and vendor shall agree on motive gas filter requirements and selection.

[Link] For gas-driven boosters, design shall prevent motive gas from contacting process gas due to seal
leakage.

[Link] Motive gas solenoid or actuated valve(s) shall fail open.

 [Link] If specified, motive gas exhaust shall be vented to a safe location.

 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 23

7.5 Heater

7.5.1 The vendor shall provide heater details in the proposal including rating and electrical requirements.

7.5.2 All heater materials in contact with the seal gas shall be a minimum of 316/316L stainless steel.

 7.5.3 If specified, alternate heater materials shall be provided.

7.5.4 Heaters shall be electric type. Alternate style heaters require purchaser approval.

7.5.5 Heater shall be provided with a cascade temperature control where the master temperature sensing
point is located as close as possible to the seal housing inlet. This temperature sensing point may be located
on the compressor skid.

[Link] The secondary temperature sensing point shall measure the heater internal gas temperature or the
heater metal temperature in case on indirect contact type heater

[Link] The supplier shall provide set points and descriptions of control and protection logic for purchaser
approval.

[Link] Heater controller shall be shipped loose for installation by the purchaser.

7.5.6 Heaters shall have an element temperature sensor for over-temperature protection.

7.5.7 Heater control system shall provide outputs for all temperature parameters.

 7.5.8 Heater shall be sized based on:

1) three times the normal seal gas flow,

2) minimum temperature at seal gas cooler outlet,

3) maximum seal gas pressure,

4) any limits on seal gas contacting temperature specified by the user or recommended by the supplier.

7.5.9 System losses due to ambient conditions, piping without heat trace or insulation, and Joule-Thomson
(JT) effect cooling shall be agreed.

7.5.10 If multiple seal gas supplies or compositions are specified, each gas shall be individually evaluated
and the heater shall be sized to satisfy the highest heat input requirement.

7.5.11 Heater shall be self-draining toward the separator.

7.6 Filters

7.6.1 Filters for seal gas supply, secondary seal gas supply, and separation gas supply for contacting
bushing-type seals shall be coalescing type and have a minimum efficiency of 99.9 % on particles larger than
or equal to 1 μm (Beta Ratio, β1 ≥ 1000).

NOTE Fine filter elements can quickly foul or plug if the gas stream is contaminated with solid particles or sediment. If
dirty gas is expected, oversized filters or a pre-filter upstream of the main filters can be used.

7.6.2 Filters in separation seal gas supply and buffer gas supply to non-contacting seals shall be coalescing
type and have a minimum efficiency of 99.9 % on particles larger than or equal to 10 μm (Beta Ratio,
β10 ≥ 1000).
 24 API STANDARD 692

7.6.3 Where common filters are selected for separation gas and secondary seal gas, the requirements in
7.6.1 shall apply.

7.6.4 Gas filter elements shall be sized for a burst differential pressure of at least 500 KPa (5 bar; 75 psi).

7.6.5 Each filter shall be sized for a maximum clean pressure drop of 10 kPa (0.10 bar; 40 in. of water) at
three times normal flow of all systems supplied.

NOTE Pressure drop is measured across the duplex filter system as show in Annex B, Module C.

7.6.6 Filters shall be designed for the minimum and maximum gas temperature specified and shall be
compatible with the gas filtered.

7.6.7 Filters shall be provided with removable bolted covers for top access element removal and installation.

[Link] Davits shall be provided for covers that exceed 15 kg (35 lb).

[Link] The purchaser shall approve in-line filters requiring housing removal for element replacement.

7.6.8 Filter housings shall be a minimum of 316/316L stainless steel.

 7.6.9 If specified, alternate materials shall be provided.

NOTE Higher-grade alloys can be specified for special process conditions.

7.6.10 Filters shall be non-bypass design.

7.6.11 Filter elements shall be single gasket design.

7.6.12 Captured filters with top and bottom seals or multi-stack elements shall not be provided.

 7.6.13 If specified, filters shall be equipped with a level transmitter.

7.7 Transfer Valves

7.7.1 Transfer valves shall be provided for all duplex components. All transfer valves should be identical
throughout the system. Alternate valving arrangements may be provided for coolers, separators, and boosters
if approved by the purchaser.

7.7.2 Transfer valves shall be leakage Class VI per ANSI/FCI 70-2.

7.7.3 All transfer valve metallic materials shall be a minimum of 316/316L stainless steel.

 7.7.4 If specified, alternate materials shall be provided.

NOTE Higher-grade alloys can be specified for special process conditions.

7.7.5 Transfer valves shall be continuous-flow (no shutoff position) valves with resilient seats.

[Link] A single-body six-port straight plug valve or two three-way plug or ball valves permanently aligned
and joined with a single operating lever shall be provided.

[Link] Valves shall be designed so that, if internal valve mechanisms fail, both flow paths shall not be
blocked.

[Link] Valves and assemblies shall be designed to prevent incorrect assembly and operation.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 25

[Link] Resilient seats shall be positively retained.

[Link] Resilient seat materials shall be selected to prevent explosive decompression during filter venting.

[Link] Permanent indicator shall be provided to indicate flow path and which component is active.

 7.7.6 If specified, double block valves and bleed valves or spectacle blinds shall be provided.

7.7.7 The vendor shall provide transfer valve operating procedures and details on any integral venting and
pressure equalization valves.

7.8 Control Valves

7.8.1 Control valve(s) and self-contained regulators shall have a minimum 316/316L stainless steel bodies
with stainless steel trim. All air supply or pressure-sensing tubing shall be made of austenitic stainless steel.

NOTE Replacement of control valves with self-contained regulators changes the system from automatic to manually
adjusted system.

 7.8.2 If specified, alternate control and regulating valve materials shall be provided.

7.8.3 Pressure rating of the body and head shall not be less than the maximum pressure to which the
component can be exposed in its failed position.

7.8.4 Failure modes for control valves shall be as shown on the module diagrams in Annex B. Failure modes
not listed on the module diagrams shall be approved.

NOTE Failure modes are typically discussed during FMEA and HAZOP studies and can alter the failure modes as
shown in the modules.

7.8.5 Direct-acting control valves and self-contained regulators shall be sized to limit proportional offset to
10 % based on steady state and 25 % for maximum transients.

7.8.6 Direct-acting or pneumatically operated control valves shall have the following characteristics.

a) Pneumatic-control valves shall be sized to be no less than 10 % open with the minimum flow through the
valve and no more than 90 % open with the maximum flow expected through the valve.

b) Pneumatic-control valve(s) actuator and spring shall be sized to open or close against the maximum
pressure (relief valve plus accumulation) expected in the system.

c) Control valves shall have visual valve stem position indication.

7.8.7 Control valves shall be flanged. Threaded valves require purchaser approval.

7.8.8 Control valves shall be removable without removing piping or tubing.

7.8.9 All control valves shall be supplied with block, bleed, and bypass valves allowing uninterrupted
operation should valve replacement become necessary.

7.8.10 The bypass valve shall be a type suitable for flow throttling.

 7.8.11 If specified, control valves shall be provided with valve position transmitters.

7.9 Liquid Traps for Cavity Drains

7.9.1 Traps shall be austenitic stainless steel.

 26 API STANDARD 692

7.9.2 Traps shall be rated to the class rating of corresponding compressor cavity connection but not less
than 150 lb.

7.9.3 Traps shall have a level gauge

7.10 Pressure-relieving Devices

 7.10.1 The purchaser shall specify the type of pressure-relieving devices.

NOTE Pressure-relieving devices include relief valves, safety valves, or rupture disks.

7.10.2 The vendor shall provide all pressure-relieving devices required on the vendor supplied equipment or
piping. These shall be clearly indicated in the vendor’s quotation.

NOTE ASME or other pressure design codes typically require pressure-relief devices.

 7.10.3 If specified, the purchaser shall provide all pressure-relieving devices.

 7.10.4 If specified, thermal relief valves shall be provided for vessels that can be blocked in.

7.10.5 The purchaser shall analyze relieving scenarios in accordance with API 521. The purchaser and
vendor shall develop a list of expected pressure-relieving scenarios.

7.10.6 Sizing, selection, and installation of pressure-relieving devices shall meet the requirements of API 520,
Parts I and II.

[Link] The vendor shall determine the size and set pressure of all pressure-relieving devices within his/her
scope of supply and recommend size and setting of pressure-relieving devices supplied by others required to
protect the equipment the vendor supplies.

[Link] Pressure-relieving device sizes and settings shall take into account all possible modes of equipment
failure.

7.10.7 Pressure-relieving devices shall be in accordance with API 526. Pressure-relieving devices not in
accordance with API 526 require purchaser approval.

7.10.8 The vendor shall provide all pressure-relieving device design data for purchaser approval.

 7.10.9 If specified, pressure-relieving devices shall be arranged to allow for removal without shutting down
the equipment.

7.10.10 Rupture disks shall be provided with positive indication to show status.

7.10.11 Rupture disks shall be set sufficiently high to avoid spurious ruptures and shall be designed to avoid
failures from causes other than overpressurization.

8 Materials

8.1 General

8.1.1 Minimum materials of construction shall be in accordance with Tables 2 through 5.

 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 27

Table 2—Minimum Materials Requirement—Cooling Water

Pipe Carbon steel (e.g. ASTM A106-B and A53-B or the equivalent material designation located
in Annex E), seamless
Pipe fitting Carbon steel (e.g. ASTM A234 or the equivalent material designation located in Annex E),
seamless
Carbon steel (e.g. ASTM A105 or the material designation located in Annex E), Class 3000
Flange Carbon steel (e.g. ASTM A105 or the equivalent material designation located in Annex E),
weld neck or slip-on
Tubing ASTM A269 Type 304 or 316 stainless steel
Tube fittings Stainless steel Type 304 or 316 (vendor’s standard)
Gaskets For less than or equal to ANSI Class 300: flat, non-asbestos type
For greater than or equal to ANSI Class 600: spiral wound with non-asbestos filler, 304 or
316 windings and external centering ring
Flange bolting Refer to 8.1.14 and 8.1.15
Valves Carbon steel (e.g. ASTM A105 or the equivalent material designation located in Annex E),
weld neck or slip-on

Table 3—Minimum Material Requirements Dry Gas Seal Support Systems

Pipe ASTM A312 Type 316/316L stainless steel; seamless

Pipe fitting ASTM A403 Type 316/316L stainless steel; seamless.
ASTM A182 Type 316/316L stainless steel, Class 3000; socket weld fittings are prohibited
Flange ASTM A182 Type 316/316L stainless steel, weld neck or slip-on; socket weld flanges are
prohibited
Tubing ASTM A269 Type 316/316L stainless steel
Tube fittings Stainless steel Type 316 (vendor’s standard with purchaser’s approval)
Gaskets Spiral wound with non-asbestos filler 316 windings with inner ring and external centering ring
Flange bolting Refer to 8.1.14 and 8.1.15
Valves Refer to 9.3
Control valves Refer to 7.8
Transfer valves 7.7
Coolers Refer to 7.2
Filters Refer to 7.6
Separators Refer to 7.3
Heaters Refer to 7.5
Boosters Refer to 7.4
Instruments Refer to 11.1
Liquid traps Refer to 7.9
Skids and Refer to 12.1
panels
 28 API STANDARD 692

Table 4—Minimum Pipe Wall Thicknesses

NPS Minimum
Materials
DN in. Schedule

Carbon steel ≤DN 40 ≤11/2 80

Carbon steel >DN 40 >11/2 40

Stainless steel ≤DN 25 ≤1 80S
Stainless steel >DN 40 >11/2 40S

Table 5—Minimum Tubing Wall Thicknesses

a
Nominal Tubing Size Minimum Wall Thickness
mm in. mm in.
1 b
6 ( /4) 1.0 0.035
3 b
10 ( /8) 1.0 0.035
1
12 ( /2) 1.5 0.065
3
20 ( /4) 2.0 0.095
25 (1) 2.6 0.109
a
The tubing size is the OD.
b
The sizes 6 mm (1/4 in.) and 10 mm (3/8 in.) are permitted for instrument and control air only.

8.1.2 The vendor shall confirm all materials are suitable for all operating and site environmental conditions
specified.

NOTE 316/316L can be supplied as single or dual certified.

 8.1.3 The purchaser shall specify alternate materials required based on process conditions.

NOTE Higher-grade alloys can be specified for special process conditions.

 8.1.4 If specified, all materials in contact with the process gas shall comply with NACE MR0103. Reference
8.1.8, 8.1.11, and 8.1.15 for further information.

8.1.5 Materials of construction for all major components shall be clearly stated in the vendor’s proposal.

8.1.6 Materials shall be identified by reference to applicable international standards, including the material
grade. Where international standards are not available, internationally recognized national standards (such as
AISI or ASTM) or other standards may be used. When no such designation is available, the vendor’s material
specification, giving physical properties, chemical composition, and test requirements shall be included in the
proposal.

NOTE Where international standards are not available, internationally recognized national or other standards can be
used.

8.1.7 Copper and copper alloys shall not be used for parts in contact with corrosive gas or with gases
capable of forming explosive copper compounds. Nickel-copper alloys (UNS N04400 Monel or its equivalent),
aluminum, and precipitation-hardened stainless steels are excluded from this requirement. The purchaser shall
approve use of copper-containing materials.

NOTE Certain corrosive fluids in contact with copper alloys have been known to form explosive compounds.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 29

8.1.8 The vendor shall specify the tests and inspection required to ensure that materials selected are
satisfactory for the service intended.

[Link] Such tests and inspections shall be listed in the proposal.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify additional tests and inspections.

NOTE Additional tests and inspections can be specified, especially for materials used in critical components or in critical
services.

8.1.9 Small parts such as nuts, springs, washers, gaskets, and keys shall have corrosion resistance at least
equal to that of specified parts in the same environment.

 8.1.10 The purchaser shall specify the presence of any corrosive agents (including trace quantities) in the
motive and process fluids and in the site environment.

NOTE 1 Typical agents of concern are hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, amines, chlorides, carbon dioxide, cyanide,
mercury, fluoride, naphthenic acid, and polythionic acid.

NOTE 2 If amines are present, refer to API 945.14 for information on amine cracking and its prevention.

NOTE 3 Guidelines to avoid caustic stress corrosion cracking can be found in NACE SP0403.

8.1.11 When chlorides have been specified in any of the fluids, materials exposed to those fluids shall be
selected and processed in accordance with the requirements of API 571. Chloride concentrations greater than
50 ppm may require alternate material selection.

8.1.12 If austenitic stainless steel parts exposed to conditions that may promote intergranular corrosion are to
be fabricated, hard faced, overlaid, or repaired by welding, they shall be made of low-carbon or stabilized
grades.

NOTE Overlays or hard surfaces that contain more than 0.10 % carbon can sensitize both low-carbon and stabilized
grades of austenitic stainless steel unless a buffer layer that is not sensitive to intergranular corrosion is applied.

8.1.13 Where mating parts such as studs and nuts of austenitic stainless steel or materials with similar galling
tendencies are provided, they shall be lubricated with an anti-seize compound suitable for the process
temperatures and compatible with the material(s) and specified process fluid(s).

NOTE The required torque values to achieve the necessary bolt preload will vary considerably depending if anti-seize
compounds are used on the threads.

8.1.14 All materials exposed to H2S gas service shall be in accordance with the requirements of NACE
MR0103. Ferrous materials not covered by NACE MR0103 shall not have a yield strength exceeding
2
620 N/mm (90,000 psi) nor a hardness exceeding Rockwell C22.

 8.1.15 If specified, NACE MR0175 shall be used in place of NACE MR0103.

 8.1.16 In many applications, small amounts of wet H2S are sufficient to require materials resistant to sulfide
stress corrosion cracking. When there are trace quantities of wet H2S known to be present or if there is any
uncertainty about the amount of wet H2S that could be present, the purchaser shall specify materials resistant
to sulfide stress corrosion cracking are required.

8.1.17 The vendor shall select materials to avoid conditions that can result in electrolytic corrosion. Where
such conditions cannot be avoided, the purchaser and the vendor shall agree on the material selection and
any other precautions necessary.

NOTE When dissimilar materials with significantly different electrical potentials are placed in contact when an
electrolytic solution is present, galvanic coupling can be created resulting in serious corrosion of the less noble material.
The NACE Corrosion Engineer’s Reference Book is one resource for selection of suitable materials in these situations.
 30 API STANDARD 692

8.1.18 O-ring and spring-energized polymer seal materials shall be compatible with all specified services
including resistance to rapid gas decompression.

NOTE Susceptibility to rapid gas decompression depends on the gas to which the O-ring is exposed, the compounding
of the elastomer, temperature of exposure, the rate of decompression, and the number of cycles.

8.1.19 Bolting shall be in accordance with ASTM A193 Grade B7 or Grade B7M. Carbon steel nuts such as
ASTM A194, Grade 2H shall be provided.

8.1.20 Bolting and nuts in accordance with ASTM A320 shall be provided for temperatures below –30 °C (–20 °F).
The grade of ASTM A320 will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature
characteristics.

8.2 Low-temperature Service

 8.2.1 The purchaser shall specify the minimum design metal temperature and concurrent pressure used to
establish impact test and other material requirements.

NOTE Normally, this will be the lower of the minimum surrounding ambient temperature or minimum inlet gas
temperature. The purchaser can specify a minimum design metal temperature based on properties of the process gas,
such as auto- refrigeration at reduced pressures.

8.2.2 To avoid brittle failures, materials and construction for low-temperature service shall be suitable for
the minimum design metal temperature in accordance with the codes and other requirements specified. The
purchaser and vendor shall agree on any special precautions necessary with regard to conditions that can
occur during operation, maintenance, transportation, erection, commissioning, and testing.

NOTE Design practices for low-temperature services include the selection of fabrication methods, welding procedures,
and materials for steel pressure-retaining parts to ensure the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature is suitable for the
service. The published design-allowable stresses for many materials in internationally recognized standards are based on
minimum tensile properties. Some standards do not differentiate between rimmed, semi-killed, fully-killed hot-rolled, and
normalized material, nor do they take into account whether materials were produced under fine- or course-grain practices.

8.2.3 All carbon and low alloy steel pressure-containing components, including nozzles, flanges, and
weldments, shall be impact tested in accordance with the requirements of ASME Section VIII, Division 1,
Sections UCS-65 through 68, or the specified pressure design code.

[Link] High-alloy steels shall be tested in accordance with ASME Section VIII, Division l, Section UHA-51,
or the specified pressure design code. For materials and thicknesses not covered by ASME Section VIII,
Division l or the specified pressure design code.

 [Link] Testing requirements shall be as specified by the purchaser.

NOTE Impact testing of a material can be omitted depending on material selection, the minimum design metal
temperature, thermal, mechanical, and cyclic loading, and the governing thickness. Refer to requirements of ASME
Section VIII, Division l, Section UG-20F, for example.

9 Piping and Tubing Systems

9.1 General

9.1.1 Piping design and joint fabrication examination and inspection shall comply with ASME B31.3 or the
specified standard.

NOTE ASME B31.3 could be inadequate to fully satisfy requirements outside North America (e.g. Pressure Equipment
Directive 2014/68/EU can have additional requirements).

9.1.2 Flange material shall comply with Tables 2 or 3 and be in accordance with ASME B16.5.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 31

[Link] Bolt holes for flanged connections shall straddle lines parallel to the main horizontal or vertical
centerline of the equipment.

( [Link] If specified, the vendor shall supply mating flanges, gaskets, and bolting for customer connections.

9.1.3 The design of systems shall achieve the following.

a) Proper support and protection to prevent damage from vibration or from shipment, operation, and
maintenance.

b) Proper flexibility and normal accessibility for operation, maintenance, and cleaning.

c) Installation in a neat and orderly arrangement adapted without obstructing access (e.g. adjusts valves or
remove equipment for maintenance, etc.).

d) Complete drainage through low points without disassembly of piping.

9.1.4 Bending and welding shall be used to minimize the use of flanges and fittings where practical when
fabricating the system. Welded flanges are required at equipment connections.

9.1.5 Interconnecting lines between the panel or skid and the equipment shall be rigid pipe and comply with
Tables 3 and 4.

 9.1.6 If specified, the vendor shall supply interconnecting rigid piping.

 9.1.7 The purchaser shall specify system construction of piping or tubing. Piping and tubing shall comply
with Tables 2, 3, 4, and 5. Tubing size shall not exceed DN 25 (1 in.).
3
9.1.8 Minimum equipment and piping connection shall be DN 20 (NPS /4).
1
NOTE Orifice flange taps can require DN 15 (NPS /2).

1 1 1
9.1.9 Connections, piping, valves, and fittings that are NPS 1 /4, 2 /2, 3 /2, 5, 7, or 9 in. size shall not be
used.
3
9.1.10 DN 20 (NPS /4) isolating (root) valve shall be provided for all pressure, level, and flow instrumentation.
1
DN 15 (NPS /2) piping or tubing, valves, and fittings may be used after the isolating (root) valve.

9.1.11 Pipe bushings shall not be used.

9.1.12 Manifold shall be sized to handle the maximum flow through all components requiring simultaneous
use of the specified utility.

9.1.13 Piping and components between and including double block valves shall be suitable for the more
severe line classification on either side of the double block valve.

9.1.14 Bolting for pressure joints, valves, and piping shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 and/or ISO
15649 or the appropriate specified code. As a minimum, according to the requirements of ASME B1.1 or the
appropriate specified code, this bolting shall be ASTM A193/A193M-07, Grade B7, or the equivalent material,
and shall use ASTM A194/A194M-07, Grade 2H nuts or the equivalent material.

9.1.15 Root pass of all butt welds on stainless steel pipe shall be made by tungsten inert-gas arc welding.
Filler passes may be made by tungsten inert-gas arc welding or by the shielded metal arc process. Gas metal
flux core arc or welding may be used, when approved, for filler passes on DN 150 (6 in.) and larger pipe.

9.1.16 Studs and nuts shall be used for flanged connections.

9.1.17 Non-consumable backup rings and sleeve-type joints shall not be used.
 32 API STANDARD 692

9.2 Threads

9.2.1 Pipe threads shall be taper threads in accordance with ASME B1.20.1.

 9.2.2 If specified, threaded joints shall be seal welded.

[Link] Seal-welded joints shall be made in accordance with the codes specified.

[Link] Where no codes have been specified, seal-welded joints shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3.

[Link] Seal welding is not permitted on instruments or locations that require disassembly for maintenance.

9.2.3 Threaded openings not requiring connection to pipe or fitting shall be plugged with solid stainless steel
plugs in accordance with ASME B16.11.

[Link] As a minimum, these plugs shall meet the material requirements of the module or system.

[Link] Plastic plugs are not permitted.

[Link] Plugs in instrument manifold valves shall be manufacturer’s standard design of stainless steel
material.

9.2.4 A process-compatible thread sealing lubricant that meets the proper temperature specification shall be
used on all non-seal-welded threaded connections. Thread sealing tape shall not be used.

9.3 Valves

9.3.1 All piping valves shall be flanged.

9.3.2 Hand-operated gate and globe valves provided as block and bypass valves shall have bolted bonnets
and glands. For service ratings greater than or equal to ANSI Class 900, block valves may be of bolted bonnet,
welded bonnet, or no-bonnet construction with a bolted gland; these valves shall be suitable for repacking
under pressure.

9.3.3 Gate valves shall be in accordance with API 600 or API 602.

9.3.4 Globe valves shall be in accordance with API 602.

9.3.5 Check valves in flammable or toxic gas services shall be in accordance with API 602.

NOTE API 602 is not applicable to tube-cartridge-type check valves.

9.3.6 Gate, globe, and check valves shall be supplied with minimum 13Cr stainless steel trim.

NOTE Certain fluid applications can require alternate trim materials (e.g. H2S service).

9.3.7 Wafer check valves may be used only for non-hazardous services. They shall be in accordance with
1
ANSI/API 594 and may be only used in sizes DN 40 (NPS 1 /2) and larger.

9.3.8 Ball valves may be used instead of gate valves for isolation and full flow bypass applications.

[Link] Ball valve construction shall be floating ball or trunnion-type design and shall comply with API 608.

[Link] Ball valves shall be quarter turn resilient seated valves for tight shutoff.

[Link] Resilient seat materials shall be selected to prevent explosive decompression during system
depressurization.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 33

[Link] Ball valve handles shall clearly indicate the valve’s open or closed position.

 [Link] If specified, valve handles shall have locking provisions.

[Link] Ball valve internal metal trim materials such as the ball, stem, seat retainers, etc. shall be 316
stainless steel minimum.

[Link] Ball valves used in flammable gas service shall be “fire-rated” based on API 607.

9.3.9 Instrument valves located in sensing lines downstream of a primary service block valve can be
bar-stock instrument valves, provided the instrument valves are protected against accidental disassembly.

9.3.10 Valves shall be stainless steel with stainless steel stems.

9.3.11 Bleed valves provided at instruments may be the manufacturer’s standard bleed fitting.

9.3.12 Plugs in instrument valves shall be the manufacturer’s standard design of stainless steel material.

9.3.13 The purchaser shall approve valves outside the above-mentioned specifications.

NOTE It is possible that valves in tubing systems cannot comply with the above requirements.

10 Recommended Alarms

 10.1 The purchaser shall specify all required permissive signals, alarms, and shutdowns.

NOTE The “LL” and “HH” values can be used as shutdowns based on a risk analysis.

 10.2 Tables 6 through 9 are minimum recommended alarms, with the following considerations.

a) Values listed are generic starting points. Actual values may be different based on application specific
requirements or vendor recommendation.

b) Static or transient conditions can be different from normal operating conditions and may need to be
adjusted.

c) Tables list minimum recommended alarms for all associated modules and identified options. Applicable
alarms will depend on the modules and options chosen.
34 API STANDARD 692

Table 6—Recommended Alarms for Tandem Seals

Parameter L LL H HH Permissive Recommended Value

Filter differential X Typical alarm value is 10 psid over clean. Supply pressure
pressure limitations and OEM recommendations should be
considered for determination of actual alarm point.
a
Seal gas flow X X X X 75 % normal flow (L)
50 % normal flow (LL)
200 % normal (H)
Seal gas differential X X 50 % to 75 % minimum design differential pressure (L)
pressure 25 % to 50 % minimum design differential pressure (LL)
Potential pressure losses should be considered due to
piping and instrumentation layout.
a
Seal gas temperature X X X Margin above dew point (L)
Elastomer and system component temperature limits (H)
Primary vent pressure X X X X Alarm values are dependent on back pressure regulation
method, vent pressure, and process pressure.
Primary vent flow X X 300 % guaranteed leakage (H)
500 % guaranteed leakage (HH)
a
Rupture disk status X X Rupture status indication (H)
b
Separation seal gas X X X No default recommendation. Refer to OEM
pressure recommendations based on separation seal type.
b
Separation seal gas X 50 % normal flow (L)
c
flow X
b
Separation seal gas to X X X No default recommendation. Refer to OEM
vent differential recommendations based on separation seal type.
pressure
Secondary vent If optional modules are applied (as listed on diagrams), then
alarms can be determined.
a
Permissive to slow roll/start turbine driven equipment or start motor driven equipment.
b
Lube oil start permissive (only one of the three is required).
c
Only applies to separation seals supplied by flow control.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 35

Table 7—Recommended Alarms for Tandem Seals with Intermediate Labyrinth

Parameter L LL H HH Permissive Recommended Value

Filter differential X Typical alarm value is 10 psid over clean. Supply pressure
pressure limitations and OEM recommendations should be considered
for determination of actual alarm point.
a
Seal gas flow X X X X 75 % normal flow (L)
50 % normal flow (LL)
200 % normal flow (H)
Seal gas differential X X 50 % to 75 % minimum design differential pressure (L)
pressure 25 % to 50 % minimum design differential pressure (LL)
Potential pressure losses should be considered due to piping
and instrumentation layout.
a
Seal gas temperature X X X Margin above dew point (L)
Elastomer and system component temperature limits (H)
Primary vent flow X X Secondary seal gas normal flow plus 300 % guaranteed
leakage (H)
Secondary seal gas normal flow plus 500 % guaranteed
leakage (HH)
Primary vent pressure X X X X Values are dependent on back pressure regulation method,
vent pressure, and process pressure.
Rupture disk status X Xa Rupture status indication (H)
Secondary seal gas X X 80 % normal flow (L)
flow 150 % normal flow (H)
Secondary seal gas No default recommendation
pressure
b
Separation seal gas X X 50 % normal flow (L)
c
flow
b
Separation seal gas X X X No default recommendation. Refer to OEM
pressure recommendations based on separation seal type.
b
Separation seal gas to X X X No default recommendation. Refer to OEM
vent differential recommendations based on separation seal type.
pressure
Secondary vent If optional modules are applied (.as listed on diagrams) then
alarms can be determined.
a
Permissive to slow roll/start turbine driven equipment, or start motor driven equipment.
b
Lube oil start permissive (only one of the three is required).
c
Only applies to separation seals supplied by flow control.
36 API STANDARD 692

Table 8—Recommended Alarms for Double Seals

Parameter L LL H HH Permissive Recommended Value

Filter differential X Typical alarm value is 10 psid over clean. Supply pressure
pressure limitations and OEM recommendations should be considered
for determination of actual alarm point.
Seal gas flow X X 300 % guaranteed flow (H)
500 % guaranteed flow (HH)
ab
Seal gas differential X X X 75 % minimum design differential pressure (L)
pressure 50 % minimum design differential pressure (LL)
Minimum design differential pressure shall not be less than
2 bar (30 psig).
Potential pressure losses should be considered due to piping
and instrumentation layout.
No default recommendation. Refer to OEM for
recommendations.
Seal gas pressure X X (L)
(H)
No default recommendation. Refer to OEM for
recommendations.
Buffer gas flow X X 50 % normal flow (L)
200 % normal flow (H)
Buffer gas differential X 25 % design differential pressure (L)
pressure
Buffer gas pressure X X (L)
(H)
d c
Separation seal gas X X 50 % design flow (L)
flow
c
Separation seal gas X X X No default recommendation. Refer to OEM
pressure recommendations based on separation seal type.
c
Separation seal gas X X X No default recommendation. Refer to OEM
to vent differential recommendations based on separation seal type.
pressure
Primary vent flow If optional modules are applied (as listed on diagrams), then
alarms can be determined.
Primary vent pressure If optional modules are applied (as listed on diagrams), then
alarms can be determined.
a
Reverse pressurization avoidance to prevent introducing buffer gas and process gas to equipment. The latter is a typically a manual
operation and can be achievable only with an alarm.
b
Permissive to slow roll turbine driven equipment or start motor driven equipment.
c
Lube oil start permissive (only one of the three is required).
d
Only applies to separation seals supplied by flow control.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 37

Table 9—Recommended Alarms for Gas Conditioning Unit

Parameter L LL H HH Recommended Value

Separator level X X 80 % design level (H)

100 % design level (HH)
Booster pressure or flow X Value to be agreed.
Booster cycles X Booster vendor to provide recommended value.
Motive gas pressure X Based on minimum outlet pressure requirements.
Heater element temperature X Heater vendor to provide recommended value.

11 Instrumentation, Control, and Electrical Systems

11.1 General

11.1.1 Systems should be instrumented for monitoring and control for all conditions defined in Part 1, Section
6.2.1.

11.1.2 Instrumentation and their installation shall conform to the requirements in Section 11.

 11.1.3 The purchaser shall specify hazardous area classification.

11.1.4 Controls and instrumentation shall be designed for outdoor installation and shall meet the
requirements of IP 65 as detailed in IEC 60529 or NEMA 250, Type 4X.

 11.1.5 The purchaser shall specify winterization requirements.

11.1.6 Instrument and control terminal boxes shall be IP 66 as detailed in IEC 60529 or NEMA 250, Type 4X.

11.1.7 Where applicable, controls and instrumentation shall conform to API 551.

11.1.8 All controls and instruments shall be located and arranged to permit easy visibility for operators, as
well as accessibility for tests, adjustments, and maintenance.

11.1.9 All wetted metallic parts of all instruments shall be made of 316/316L stainless steel.

NOTE Certain fluid applications can require alternate materials (e.g. H2S service, chlorides).

11.1.10 Hazardous area classification shall be included on component nameplates where applicable.

11.1.11 If the vendor identifies that multiple seal system settings (modes) are required to satisfy the specified
operating conditions, the means for switching among modes shall be approved by the purchaser.

 11.1.12 If specified, a control console shall be supplied.

NOTE The DGS instrumentation and controls are typically integrated with unit or machine train control and protective
systems.

 11.1.13 Purchaser shall specify the requirements and scope of supply for the system including:

— human machine interface (HMI) and control system hardware;

— operator notification;

— programming;
 38 API STANDARD 692

— historian and trending requirements;

— communications and interface with other process or auxiliary equipment, controls, and communication
equipment or facilities;

— FAT testing of the completed system.

11.2 Alarm and Shutdown Systems

11.2.1 An alarm system shall be provided which initiates an alarm if any one of the specified parameters
reaches an alarm point. This system will also initiate shutdown of the equipment if any one of the specified
parameters reaches the shutdown point.

 11.2.2 The purchaser shall specify the alarms and shutdowns required, which as a minimum should include
the alarms listed in Tables 6 through 9.

11.2.3 The vendor should advise the purchaser of any additional alarms and/or shutdowns considered
essential to safeguard the equipment.

 11.2.4 The purchaser shall specify the extent to which alarm/shutdown systems are supplied and installed by
the equipment vendor.

11.2.5 For every shutdown parameter, the alarm/shutdown system shall provide an alarm at an alarm point
set at a lesser deviation from the normal condition than the associated shutdown point.

 11.2.6 If specified, any alarm parameter reaching the alarm point shall initiate an audible warning, flashing
light, or both. It shall be possible to determine which parameter initiated the alarm.

 11.2.7 If specified, any shutdown parameter reaching the shutdown point shall cause the equipment to shut
down and shall initiate an audible warning, a flashing light, or both, which shall be distinguishable from those
associated with an alarm. It shall be possible to determine which parameter initiated the shutdown.

11.2.8 When any component of the alarm/shutdown system malfunctions, an alarm shall be initiated.

NOTE To accomplish this, smart-type instruments and/or redundant sensors can be required.

11.2.9 When any malfunction of a component of the shutdown system results in the system being unable to
recognize a shutdown condition, the equipment shall automatically shut down and an alarm shall be initiated
(failsafe system). This alarm shall be distinguishable from alarms resulting from actual shutdown conditions.

11.2.10 With the exception of the final shutdown device (breaker, etc.), it shall be possible to test every
component of every shutdown function while the equipment is in operation. Testing of components associated
with a shutdown function shall not require disarming of any other shutdown function nor any alarm function.

11.2.11 Each function for which both an alarm and a shutdown have been specified shall be provided with
three separate, individual taps and independent transmitters. The detail arrangement should be jointly
developed between the purchaser and the vendor or vendors of the system and the served equipment.

11.2.12 Shutdown and alarm function outputs from the three instruments shall be connected through
“two-out-of-three” voting logic and shall allow the operation of any one alarm or shutdown function to initiate an
alarm.

[Link] Operation of two shutdown functions monitoring the same parameter initiates a separate alarm and
shall cause the served equipment to shut down.

[Link] If any one transmitter is faulty, then the remaining two transmitters shall vote “one-out-of-two” for
shutdown.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 39

[Link] If a second transmitter becomes faulty, then the system shall shut down the served equipment.

11.2.13 Alarm functions not associated with a shutdown function shall be provided with a single transmitter.
The purchaser and or vendors of the system and the served equipment should jointly develop detailed
arrangement.

11.3 Instrumentation

11.3.1 Instrument Installation and Panels

 [Link] If specified by the purchaser, procurement of components shall not proceed without the purchaser’s
review and acceptance of the components selected.

 [Link] If specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer of the dry gas seal support system shall not proceed
without the purchaser reviewing the layout of components and piping.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify local or panel mounted instruments.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify termination of instruments locally or pre-wired and terminated in a local
terminal box.

[Link] When more than one wiring point is required on a unit for control or instrumentation, wiring to each
electrical control device or instrument shall be provided from common terminal boxes with terminal posts.

[Link] Unless otherwise specified, multiple terminal boxes are required for segregation of different AC and
DC electrical signals.

[Link] Each terminal box shall be mounted on the panel or skid.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify installation of wiring in metal conduits, cable trays, or enclosures.

[Link] All leads and posts on terminal strips, cables, and instruments shall be tagged for identification in
accordance with purchaser requirements.

[Link] Low-pressure alarms and shutdowns, which are activated by falling pressure, shall be equipped
with valves on bleed or vent connection to allow controlled depressurizing so the operator can note the alarm
set pressure on the associated pressure gauge.

[Link] High-pressure alarms and shutdowns, which are activated by rising pressure, shall be equipped
with valves to test connections so a portable test pump can be used to raise the pressure.

11.3.2 Switches

Switches shall not be used unless approved by the purchaser.

11.3.3 Transmitters

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify output signal type, units, indicating or non-indicating (blind) type,
housing type, and power supply requirements.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify analog or digital type transmitters.

[Link] Response time for transmitters that provide alarm/trip signals shall be agreed based on vendor
recommended response time.
 40 API STANDARD 692

11.3.4 Temperature Instruments

[Link] Temperature sensing elements shall be configured to extend adequately into the measured fluid.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify temperature indicators or indicating transmitters.

[Link] Dial-type temperature indicators shall be heavy-duty and corrosion-resistant.

[Link].1 They shall be at least 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter and bimetallic-type or fluid-filled.

[Link].2 Black printing on a white background is standard for gauges.

[Link].3 Temperature indicators shall be located per the datasheets.

11.3.5 Thermowells
3
[Link] Temperature indicators or sensing elements shall be provided with flanged DN 20 (NPS /4),
minimum series 316/316L stainless steel, separable, solid-bar thermowells.

NOTE When considering pipe size, it should be noted that larger pipe sizes can be required to compensate for the
restriction of flow by the thermowells.

11.3.6 Thermocouples and Resistance Temperature Detectors

[Link] The design and location of thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors shall permit
replacement while the unit is operating.

[Link] The lead wires of the thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors shall terminate in the
thermocouple or resistance detector conduit head.

[Link] If temperature element conduit heads are exposed to temperatures above 60 °C (140 °F), 20 mm
3
( /4 NPT) flexible conduits for rigid conduit systems or cables for cable-gland systems, rated for the hazardous
area class in accordance with the specified electrical code, shall be provided for connections to the heads.

[Link] Flexible conduits shall be rated for the temperature element head exposure design temperature and
shall have an interlocking stainless steel or galvanized steel core with an integral or separate grounding
conductor.

NOTE Good design practice incorporates extended lagging on thermowells and/or extension nipples between the
thermowells and conduit heads to reduce or limit the exposure temperature of the conduit heads.

[Link] The purchaser shall specify temperature element type.

11.3.7 Liquid Level Instruments and Flow Gauges

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify liquid level instrument type. Unless otherwise specified, sensing
elements shall be made of 316/316L stainless steel.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify flow gauge type.

[Link] Unless otherwise specified, metallic components shall be made of 316/316L stainless steel.

11.3.8 Flow Instruments

 [Link] Flow instruments shall be located per the datasheets.

 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 41

NOTE This refers to local indication of flow and can be accomplished by a flow indicator and/or a flow-indicating
transmitter.

 [Link] If specified, flow measurement shall be an electronic device such as mass flow, thermal dispersion,
venturi, turbine, differential pressure, or differential pressure type with integral orifice.

[Link].1 The purchaser shall approve combining orifices used for measuring with those used for flow
regulation, flow balancing, and/or creating back pressure into a single orifice.

11.3.9 Pressure Indicators

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify pressure indicators or indicating transmitters.

[Link] Pressure indicators (not including built-in instrument-air indicators) shall be provided with AISI
Standard Type 316/316L stainless steel bourdon tubes and stainless steel movements, minimum 100 mm
1
(4 in.) dials and 15 mm ( /2 NPT) male stainless steel connections.

[Link] Pressure-sensing elements shall be made of AISI Standard Type 316/316L stainless steel.

NOTE Black printing on a white background is standard for gauges.

[Link] All gauges shall be liquid-filled or dampened movement design.

[Link] Differential pressure indicators shall be provided with stainless steel pressure-containing housings
and stainless steel movements.

[Link].1 Differential pressure indicators shall be designed to prevent damage by over-ranging.

[Link].2 Dial size shall be minimum 100 mm (4 in.) minimum with black printing on a white background.

NOTE Direct pressure-sensing, non-magnetic-drive differential pressure indicators can be damaged by over-ranging.
Precautions can be required to prevent damage when selected for systems with operating pressures higher than their
differential range.

11.3.10 Solenoid Valves

[Link] Direct solenoid-operated valves shall be used only in clean and dry instrument-air or nitrogen service
shall have Class F insulation or better and a continuous service rating.

[Link] If required for other services, the solenoid shall act as a pilot valve to pneumatic valves.

[Link] Single-coil solenoid valves shall not be used in continuous services that can affect normal
operations; they can be used in intermittent instrument services.

 [Link] If specified, the vendor shall provide the purchaser with the coil rating and estimated service life of
each solenoid coil based on continuously energized operation when used in trip circuits. Dual-coil solenoids
can be specified for any trip function.

[Link].1 Each coil shall be capable of keeping the solenoid in its energized condition.

[Link].2 Separate circuits shall energize each coil.

11.3.11 Annunciators

NOTE An annunciator can be mounted on either a local or a remote control panel.

 42 API STANDARD 692

 [Link] If specified, the alarm/shutdown system shall incorporate a first-out annunciator facility to indicate
which parameter first reached the alarm level and which parameter first reached the shutdown level, in the
event that multiple alarms and/or shutdown result from a single initial event.

[Link].1 Where this facility is not incorporated as part of an integrated control and monitoring system, a
separate annunciator instrument shall be provided (see [Link]).

[Link].2 The first parameter to reach alarm or shutdown shall cause the flashing of a light and the sounding
of an audible device.

[Link].3 The alarm or shutdown condition shall be acknowledged by operating an alarm silencing button,
common to all alarms and shutdowns.

[Link].4 When the alarm or shutdown is acknowledged, the audible device shall be silenced but the light
shall remain steadily lit as long as that alarm or shutdown condition exists.

[Link].5 If another parameter reaches an alarm or shutdown level, the light shall return to the flashing
condition and the audible device shall sound, even if the previous alarm/shutdown condition has been
acknowledged but still exists.

NOTE These functions are commonly implemented through the use of an HMI or other systems.

 [Link] If specified, the annunciator sequence shall be selected from ISA 18.1 by the purchaser.

 [Link] If specified, a separate first-out indication shall be provided.

11.4 Electrical Systems

11.4.1 Motors, electrical instrumentation, components, and electrical installations shall be suitable for the
area classification (class, group, and division or zone) specified by the purchaser and shall meet the
requirements of the applicable parts of IEC 60079 (NFPA 70:2007, Articles 500, 501, 502, and 504) as well as
any local codes specified. The purchaser shall provide local codes on request.

 11.4.2 The purchaser shall specify characteristics of electrical power supplies for motors, heaters, and
instrumentation.

11.4.3 Power, control, and instrument wiring within the confines of the baseplate or module shall be flame
retardant and resistant to oil, heat, moisture, and abrasion.

11.4.4 Stranded conductors shall be provided within the confines of the baseplate and in other areas subject
to vibration.

 11.4.5 If specified, instrument and control wiring can be solid conductors in areas not subject to vibration.

11.4.6 Where rubber insulation is used, a neoprene rubber or high-temperature thermoplastic sheath shall be
provided for insulation protection.

11.4.7 Wiring shall be suitable for environmental temperatures.

11.4.8 All leads on terminal strips and electrical components shall be permanently tagged for identification.

11.4.9 All terminal boards in terminal boxes and control panels shall have at least 20 % spare terminal points.

11.4.10 To facilitate maintenance, adequate clearances shall be provided for all energized parts (such as
terminal blocks and relays) on all components.

[Link] The clearances required for 600 V service shall also be provided for lower voltages.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 43

[Link] Enclosures shall be provided for all energized parts to guard against accidental contact.

11.4.11 Electrical materials, including insulation, shall be corrosion resistant and non-hygroscopic insofar as
is possible.

 11.4.12 The purchaser shall specify treatments for fungus attack, plating, or protective coatings for tropical
locations.

[Link].1 Parts (such as coils and windings) shall be protected from fungus attack.

[Link].2 Unpainted surfaces shall be protected from corrosion by plating or another suitable coating.

11.4.13 Circuits for AC and DC shall be clearly labeled, connected to separate terminal blocks, and isolated
from each other.

 11.4.14 Control, instrumentation, and power wiring (including temperature element leads) within the limits of
the baseplate shall be installed in rigid metallic conduits, cable trays, or enclosures, as specified, properly
bracketed to minimize vibration and isolated or shielded to prevent interference between voltage levels.

11.4.15 Wiring installed in cable trays shall be secured and have sufficient radius to prevent sharp bends.

11.4.16 Conduits shall be arranged to permit removal of elements without conduit removal. Conduits can
terminate with a flexible metallic conduit, suitable for the electrical class and long enough to permit access to
the unit for maintenance without removal of the conduit.

11.4.17 For Division 2 locations, flexible metallic conduits shall have a liquid-tight thermosetting or
thermoplastic outer jacket and approved fittings.

11.4.18 All conduits shall be grouped and mounted above the baseplate to prevent the formation of a dam,
which can limit the free drainage of fluids. The conduit shall not be located in a maintenance access area.

11.4.19 Conduit drains shall be installed in all conduit low points for outdoor installations.

 11.4.20 If specified, conduit drains shall be provided in all conduit low points for indoor installations.

11.4.21 A minimum of two tapped grounding tabs shall be provided diagonal from each other on the panel or
skid.

11.4.22 All terminal boxes shall be grounded.

12 Panels and Skids

12.1 General

12.1.1 Panel and skid shall be austenitic stainless steel.

 12.1.2 If specified, the panel and skid shall be carbon steel and painted.

12.1.3 Skid baseplates shall be single-piece deck plate construction.

 12.1.4 If specified, single-piece drain-rim or drain-pan baseplates shall be provided.

12.1.5 Non-skid metal decking covering all walk and work areas shall be provided on top of baseplate.

NOTE Non-skid surfaces can be achieved with non-skid coatings or textured metal decking.

 12.1.6 If specified, baseplate shall be supplied without a deck plate, i.e. open deck design.
 44 API STANDARD 692

12.1.7 Baseplate shall extend under the skid components. All equipment and connections shall fall within the
maximum perimeter of the baseplate. Oversized junction boxes may overhang the perimeter of the baseplate
with purchaser’s approval.

12.1.8 Adequate clearance shall be provided between component drain connections and the baseplate so
that drain piping the same size as the connection can be installed.

12.1.9 All joints shall be continuously seal welded on both sides to prevent crevice corrosion. Stitch welding,
top or bottom, is unacceptable.

 12.1.10 If specified, baseplate shall be designed for grouting. Baseplates designed for grouting shall be in
accordance with API 686.

 12.1.11 If specified, baseplate shall be designed for column mounting (i.e. sufficient rigidity to be supported at
specified points) without continuous grouting under structural members Baseplate design shall be approved by
the purchaser.

12.1.12 The bottom of the baseplate between structural members shall be open if the baseplate is designed
for installing and grouting to a concrete foundation.

[Link] Accessibility shall be provided for grouting under all load-carrying members.

[Link] The bottom of the baseplate shall be in one plane to permit use of a single level foundation.

12.1.13 Reinforcing cross-members shall be shaped to lock positively into grout.

12.1.14 If the baseplate is designed for grouting, it shall be provided with the following.
2 2
a) A minimum of one grout hole having a clear area of at least 125 cm (20 in. ) and no dimension less than
75 mm (3 in.) in each bulkhead section.

b) Holes shall be located to permit filling the entire cavity under the baseplate without creating air pockets.

c) Holes shall be accessible for grouting with all panel or skid and components installed on baseplate.

d) Grout holes in walkways shall be level with deck plate.

1
e) Grout holes outside of walkways may have 13 mm ( /2 in.) raised-lip edges.
1
f) Minimum 13 mm ( /2 in.) vent holes at the highest point and located to vent the entire cavity in each
bulkhead section.

12.1.15 Outside corners of the baseplate in contact with the grout shall have at least 50 mm (2 in.) radii in the
plan view.

 12.1.16 If specified, the vendor shall commercially sand-blast, in accordance with ISO 8501, Grade Sa2 or
SSPC SP 6, all grout contact surfaces of the baseplate and coat those surfaces with a primer compatible with
the purchaser-specified epoxy grout.

NOTE Grouts other than epoxy can require alternative surface preparation.

12.1.17 Panels and skids shall be provided with provisions for lifting. Lifting with all equipment mounted shall
not permanently distort or otherwise damage the equipment.

12.1.18 Lifting provisions shall be designed using a maximum allowable stress of one-third of the specified
minimum yield strength of the material.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 45

12.1.19 The vendor shall provide a lifting diagram that identifies panel or skid total weight, center of gravity,
and necessary rigging.

12.1.20 The vendor shall provide for sufficient anchor bolting provisions and support.

12.1.21 Vertical levelling screws shall be provided on the outside perimeter of the baseplate adjacent to each
anchor bolt to minimize distortion during the process of installation and to carry the weight of the components
without excessive deflection.

12.1.22 All skid piping and conduit shall be located above the top surface of the baseplate.

13 Dry Gas Seal Support System Inspection and testing

13.1 General

 13.1.1 The purchaser shall specify the extent of participation in the inspection and testing.

 13.1.2 If specified, the purchaser’s representative, vendor’s representative, or both shall indicate compliance
in accordance with the inspector’s checklist in the applicable chapter by initialing, dating, and submitting
completed checklist to the purchaser before shipment.

13.1.3 At least 6 weeks prior to first scheduled test, the vendor shall submit to the purchaser, for review and
comment, detailed procedures for all functional dry gas seal support system testing, including acceptance
criteria for all monitored parameters.

13.1.4 After advance notification to the vendor, the purchaser’s representative shall have entry to all vendor
and subvendor plants where manufacturing, testing, or inspection of the equipment is in progress.

13.1.5 The vendor shall notify subvendors of purchaser’s inspection and testing requirements.

 13.1.6 The vendor shall give at least 5 working days advanced notification of a witnessed or observed
inspection or test. Expected dates of testing shall be communicated at least 30 days in advance of testing and
the actual dates confirmed as agreed.

13.1.7 If shop inspection has been specified, the purchaser and vendor shall coordinate scheduling of
manufacturing hold points and inspector visits.

13.1.8 A witnessed dry gas seal support system functional test requires confirmation of the successful
completion of a preliminary test by the vendor.

 13.1.9 If specified, the dry gas seal support system shall be used during the main equipment’s mechanical run
and/or performance tests. Extent of testing shall be agreed. Gas conditions during the mechanical run or
factory performance run should be considered in the dry gas seal support system design.

NOTE Compressor shop testing conditions can require the use of alternate items such as different orifice sizes, etc. due
to different conditions for sealing gas, buffer gas, etc.

13.1.10 Equipment, materials, and utilities for the specified inspections and tests shall be provided by the
vendor.

13.1.11 The purchaser’s representative shall have access to the vendor’s quality program for review.
 46 API STANDARD 692

13.2 Radiography

13.2.1 General

[Link] The acceptance standard used for welded fabrications shall in accordance with the pressure design
code. The acceptance standard used for castings shall be in accordance with the pressure design code.

[Link] A minimum of 5 % butt weld radiography is required for all welded pressure-containing piping.

 [Link] If specified, the purchaser may require additional radiograph (up to 100 %) for pressure-containing
piping.

13.2.2 Ultrasonic Inspection

[Link] Ultrasonic inspection shall be based upon the procedures ASTM A609 (castings), ASTM A388
(forgings), or ASTM A578 (plate).

[Link] Ultrasonic inspection shall be in accordance with the pressure design code.

[Link] The acceptance standard used for welded fabrications shall be in accordance with the pressure
design code.

13.2.3 Magnetic Particle Inspection

The acceptance standard used for welded fabrications shall be in accordance with the pressure design code.

13.2.4 Liquid Penetrant Inspection

The acceptance standard used for welded fabrications shall be in accordance with the specified pressure
design code.

13.2.5 PMI

 [Link] If specified, the following items, when made out of alloy materials, shall be subject to PMI testing:

a) coolers,

b) separator vessels,

c) heater vessels,

d) pressure pulsation dampener vessels,

e) filters,

f) piping and piping welds,

g) structural components.

[Link] If PMI testing has been specified for a fabrication, the components comprising the fabrication,
including welds, shall be checked after the fabrication is complete. Testing may be performed prior to any heat
treatment.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 47

13.2.6 Mechanical Inspection

[Link] During assembly of the dry gas seal support system and before testing, each component and all
piping and appurtenances shall be inspected to ensure they have been cleaned and are free of foreign
materials, corrosion products and mill scale.

 [Link] If specified, the purchaser shall inspect the equipment and all piping and appurtenances for
cleanliness before heads are welded onto vessels, openings in vessels or exchangers are closed, or piping is
finally assembled.

 [Link] If specified, hardness of parts, welds, and heat-affected zones shall be verified by testing to be within
the allowable values.

 [Link] The purchaser shall specify method, extent, documentation, and witnessing of the testing.

[Link] Nondestructive examination (magnetic particle inspection or liquid penetrant inspection) shall be
performed on welds attaching lifting lugs. Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with applicable structural
design codes.

13.3 Testing

13.3.1 General

Equipment shall be tested in accordance with 13.3.2 through [Link].

13.3.2 Hydrostatic Test

[Link] All pressure-containing components such as vessels (coolers, separators, filters, etc.), pipe spools,
and valve bodies shall be tested hydrostatically with liquid at a minimum of 1.5 times the MAWP irrespective of
the pressure vessel design code requirements.

[Link].1 Minimum hydrostatic test pressure shall not be less than 150 kPag (1.5 barg; 20 psig).

NOTE 1 Tubing sections are not considered to be pipe spools.

NOTE 2 Due to concerns of residual hydrostatic test fluids remaining in assembled dry gas seal support systems, it is not
recommended to hydrostatic test the assembled system.

[Link].2 Test liquid shall be at a higher temperature than the nil-ductility transition temperature of the
material being tested. See ASTM E1003.

NOTE Nil-ductility temperature is the highest temperature at which a material experiences complete brittle fracture
without appreciable plastic deformation.

[Link] If the part tested is to operate at a temperature at which the strength of a material is below the
strength of that material at the testing temperature, the hydrostatic test pressure shall be multiplied by a factor
obtained by dividing the allowable working stress for the material at the testing temperature by that at the rated
operating temperature.

[Link].1 The stress values (SE) used shall conform to those given in the piping system design code for
piping or in the pressure design code for vessels.

[Link].2 The pressure thus obtained shall then be the minimum pressure at which the hydrostatic test shall
be performed.

[Link].3 The datasheets shall list actual hydrostatic test pressures.

 48 API STANDARD 692

NOTE It is advisable to verify the applicability of this requirement to the material being tested before the hydrostatic test,
as the properties of many grades of steel do not change appreciably at temperatures up to 200 °C (400 °F).

[Link].4 The temperature corrected hydrostatic test value is determined as follows:

Hydrotest pressure = 1.5PDesign × (SE@Test Temp/SE@Design Temp)

[Link] Chloride content of liquids used to test austenitic stainless steel materials shall not exceed 50 μg/g
(50 ppm). To prevent deposition of chlorides on austenitic stainless steel as a result of evaporative drying, all
residual liquid shall be removed from tested parts at the conclusion of the test.

NOTE Chloride content is limited in order to prevent stress corrosion cracking.

[Link] Hydrostatic tests shall be maintained for a sufficient period of time to permit complete examination of
parts under pressure. The hydrostatic tests shall be considered satisfactory when neither leaks nor seepage
through the pressure-containing parts or joints is observed for a minimum of 30 min.

13.3.3 Operational Tests

[Link] A pneumatic gas pressure leak test at 110 % of the MAWP shall be performed on the assembled
system.

[Link].1 The test shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 or other specified piping design code.

[Link].2 Removal of spools, screens, or the loosening of flanges should not void the original pneumatic leak
test.

[Link] Leak test gas shall be helium for systems with seal gas operating conditions of relative molecular
mass (MW) of 12 or less and air or nitrogen for systems with seal gas of MW greater than 12.

[Link] A cleanliness test of the dry gas seal support system shall be conducted at the vendor’s shop with the
job filter or new test filter (of equal filtration capability) elements installed.

[Link].1 A 400 mesh screen shall be fastened to the outlet of the module flange for each gas line from the
module. Initial flushing shall be completed without a screen to facilitate higher flush velocity.

[Link].2 The module shall be blown for a 5 minute period with a nominal 700 kPag (7 barg; 100 psig),
dry-filtered [dew point not greater than −7 °C (20 °F) and filtered to β2 ≥ 10] gas.

[Link].3 The screen shall be inspected for discoloration and cleanliness.

[Link].4 Any particles or discoloration found on the screen shall be cause for rejection and the system shall
be repeatedly tested until clean.

 [Link] If specified, transfer valves shall be demonstrated to have tight shutoff.

[Link] The system shall be verified for correct piping and tubing interconnections to agree with the P&ID or
system diagram. Component tags and labels are to be verified correct.

[Link] Field connection locations and mounting bolt holes shall be verified they are within tolerances
indicated on arrangement drawings.

[Link] Accessibility of system components for expected maintenance and operation shall be verified.

[Link] All instrument transmitters shall be verified they are functional by powering up and verifying the
required calibration settings.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 49

[Link].1 For pressure and differential pressure transmitters at least two (2) points of pressure (typical “zero”
1
and a point in the upper /3 range of span) are to be applied and the transmitter outputs and integral indicators
(if applicable) checked for correctness.

[Link].2 Temperature elements (RTDs or thermocouples ) shall be read with the appropriate electronic test
instruments and verified to read the correct temperature based on the test or ambient conditions.

[Link].3 Testing of temperature transmitters automatically includes testing of the temperature elements.

[Link].4 Flow transmitters will typically only include a zero flow point of operation unless system flow testing
has been specified.

[Link].5 Gas analyzer sensors may require specialized monitor test instrumentation and shop testing could
not be feasible.

[Link].6 If specified, the vendor shall provide manufacturer’s factory instrument certifications.

[Link] All electro, electro-pneumatic, and solenoid-operated automatic valves shall be tested by valve
cycling or stroke testing.

[Link].1 These valves shall also demonstrate the correct fail mode action.

[Link].2 Applying a position demand control signal and checking the valve response shall be used for
testing modulating valves.

[Link].3 On/off valves shall be tested by applying the on/off (open/close) control signals.

[Link] All electrical instrument and control tests shall incorporate the panel, skid, or skid assembly wiring
and test instruments shall be connected to the field terminals in the junction boxes.

NOTE This permits verification of a correct wiring assembly.

[Link] All electrical wiring shall be verified to comply with specified electrical codes and wiring practices.
Wiring shall be verified to agree with wiring diagrams and include correct wiring labels, tags, grounding, and
other applicable requirements.

[Link] Pressure boosters shall be run to demonstrate operability.

[Link].1 Booster(s) shall operate in a smooth manner within the manufacturer’s limits.

[Link].2 Vibration levels shall be within the manufacturer’s limits.

 [Link] If specified, the purchaser shall identify additional testing requirements.

NOTE Full flow testing of the dry gas seal support system as a standalone system without being part of a compressor
test can be difficult to implement due to some of the controls being DCS or PLC based and the available gas for testing.

13.4 Nameplates

13.4.1 A nameplate shall be securely attached to the panel or skid at a readily visible location on the
equipment and on any major piece of auxiliary equipment.

13.4.2 Nameplates shall be of austenitic stainless steel. Attachment pins shall be of the same material.
Welding to attach the nameplate to the panel or skid is not permitted.

13.4.3 The following data shall be clearly stamped or engraved on the nameplate:

a) vendor’s name,
 50 API STANDARD 692

b) serial number,

c) date of manufacture,

d) MAWP(s) and allowable temperature(s),

e) purchaser item number or other reference,

f) test pressure(s),

g) weight.

 13.4.4 If specified, a stainless steel system diagram shall be supplied permanently affixed to the panel or skid.

13.5 Preparation for Shipment

13.5.1 Except for machined surfaces, all exterior surfaces that can corrode during shipment, storage or in
service shall be painted per the manufacturer’s standard system. The paint shall not contain lead or chromates.

NOTE Austenitic stainless steels are typically not painted.

13.5.2 Exterior machined surfaces except for corrosion-resistant material shall be coated with suitable rust
preventative.
3
13.5.3 Flanged openings shall be provided with stainless steel closures at least 5 mm ( /16 in.) thick with full
face elastomer gaskets and at least four full-diameter bolts.

[Link] For studded openings, all nuts required for the intended service shall be provided to secure closures.

[Link] Each opening shall be car sealed so that the protective cover cannot be removed without the seal
being broken.

13.5.4 Threaded openings shall be provided with steel caps or round-head steel plugs in accordance with
ANSI/ASME B16.11. The caps or plugs shall be of material equal to or better than that of the pressure casing.
In no case shall nonmetallic (such as plastic) caps or plugs be provided.

13.5.5 Lifting points and lifting lugs shall be clearly identified on the equipment package. The recommended
lifting arrangement shall be as described in the installation manual.

13.5.6 Base and all components and piping of a package or an assembled dry gas seal module shall be
shipped as a single assembly and shall be temporarily braced as necessary to prevent damage during
shipment. To minimize the entrance of contaminants, no component shall be disassembled for shipment
except as required for protection against vibration or other damage during handling and shipment.

13.5.7 Each filter shall be shipped with clean elements installed and shall carry outside a securely affixed
all-weather tag stating “SHIPPED WITH CLEAN ELEMENTS INSTALLED.”

 13.5.8 If specified, one copy of the manufacturer’s standard installation instructions shall be packed and
shipped with the equipment.

 13.5.9 If specified, the vendor shall submit certified copies of the test data to the purchaser before shipment.

13.5.10 Connections on auxiliary piping removed for shipment shall be match-marked for ease of assembly.
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 51

14 Vendor’s Data

14.1 General

Vendor data shall be in accordance with Section 10 of Part 1.

14.1.1 The vendor shall provide all documents listed in the VDDR form (Annex E).

14.1.2 Vendor shall complete and supply the agreed VDDR form (see Annex E for an example).

14.2 Proposals

Proposal data shall be in accordance with Section 10.2 of Part 1.

14.3 Contract Data

14.3.1 General

[Link] Contract data shall be in accordance with Section 10.3 of Part 1.

[Link] Vendor shall provide normal and maximum flows, temperatures, and pressures per the conditions
defined in Part 1, Sections 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.

[Link] Vendor shall provide a certified test report prior to shipment of the dry gas seal support system.

14.3.2 Drawings

Vendor shall provide drawings showing filter, transfer valve, and filter element details.
 Annex A
(informative)

Datasheets
A representation of the datasheets is enclosed in this annex; however, MS Excel format datasheets have
been developed and are available, for purchase from API publications distributors, with this standard. The MS
Excel electronic datasheets have additional functionality over printed hard copies.

[Note: Insert Datasheet Images]

52
 Annex B
(normative)

System Diagrams
Diagrams shown in Annex B are schematic diagrams with basic representation of system components,
instrumentation and piping to define the fundamental flow path, control and monitoring requirements
associated with each identified system. Each system is comprised of various modules that are
interchangeable for specific applications.

Functional descriptions and requirements for each module are located in Section 6.

They are not to be interpreted as detailed piping and instrument diagrams. Actual monitoring and control
schemes may vary on project specific detailed designed piping and instrumentation diagrams.

NOTE 1 Basic designs are based on beam style compressors, API 617, Part 2.

NOTE 2 Vent diagrams are intended per seal.

NOTE 3 Diagrams do not show all isolation valves, vents, and drains that can be required.

NOTE 4 Devices can be combined if design conditions allow. For example, flow-indicating transmitter (FIT) and orifice
(FO) can be a single device in some applications.

The included diagrams are as follows.

— Figure B.1—Tandem Seal—Seal Gas Supply.

— Figure B.2—Tandem Seal—Seal Gas Optional Modules.

— Figure B.3—Tandem Seal—Secondary Seal Gas Supply.

— Figure B.4—Tandem Seal—Secondary Seal Gas Optional Modules.

— Figure B.5—Tandem Seal—Vents.

— Figure B.6—Tandem Seal—Vent Options.

— Figure B.7—Tandem Seal—Drains.

— Figure B.8—Tandem Seal—Drain Options.

— Figure B.9—Double Seal—Buffer Gas Supply.

— Figure B.10—Double Seal—Buffer Gas Supply Options.

— Figure B.11—Double Seal—Seal Gas Supply.

— Figure B.12—Double Seal—Seal Gas Supply Options.

— Figure B.13—Double Seal—Vent.

— Figure B.14—Double Seal—Drains.

53
54 API STANDARD 692

— Figure B.15—Double Seal—Drain Options.

— Figure B.16—Separation Gas Supply.

— Figure B.17—Separation Gas Supply Options.

— Figure B.18—Gas Conditioning System.

— Figure B.19—Gas Conditioning System—Separator Drain Options.

Figure B.1—Tandem Seal—Seal Gas Supply

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 55

Figure B.2—Tandem Seal—Seal Gas Optional Modules

56 API STANDARD 692

Figure B.3—Tandem Seal—Secondary Seal Gas Supply

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 57

Figure B.4—Tandem Seal—Secondary Seal Gas Optional Modules

58 API STANDARD 692

Figure B.5—Tandem Seal—Vents

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 59

Figure B.6—Tandem Seal—Vent Options

60 API STANDARD 692

Figure B.7—Tandem Seal—Drains

Figure B.8—Tandem Seal—Drain Options

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 61

Figure B.9—Double Seal—Buffer Gas Supply

62 API STANDARD 692

Figure B.10—Double Seal—Buffer Gas Supply Options

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 63

Figure B.11—Double Seal—Seal Gas Supply

64 API STANDARD 692

Figure B.12—Double Seal—Seal Gas Supply Options

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 65

Figure B.13—Double Seal—Vent

66 API STANDARD 692

Figure B.14—Double Seal—Drains

Figure B.15—Double Seal—Drain Options

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 67

Figure B.16—Separation Gas Supply

68 API STANDARD 692

Figure B.17—Separation Gas Supply Options

DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 69

Figure B.18—Gas Conditioning System

Figure B.19—Gas Conditioning System—Separator Drain Options

 Annex C
(informative)

Inspector’s Checklist
Table C.1—Inspector’s Checklist

API 692 Date Inspected

Item Status
Section Part Inspected By

6 DESIGN
Datasheet for dry gas seal support system complete 6.1 3
Maximum dimensions and special layout requirements specified 6.1.1 3
Allowable temperatures of the system specified 6.1.2 3
MAWP specified 6.1.2 3
Seal gas conditions specified 6.1.4 3
Secondary seal gas conditions specified 6.1.5 3
Buffer gas conditions specified 6.1.6 3
Separation seal gas conditions specified 6.1.7 3
Vent system pressure ranges specified 6.1.8 3
All connections flanged and supported at panel or skid edge 6.1.11 3
Each utility service manifolded to single connection point [Link] 3
Components and method of isolation specified 6.1.12 3
Components in accordance with applicable design codes 6.1.14 3
No socket welded connections 6.1.15 3
Adequate clearance for operation and maintenance 6.2.1 3
Vent study provided, if specified 6.2.7 1
Supporting calculations for gas velocity compliance [Link] 1
Low point drains 6.7.1 1
Cavity drains 6.7.2 1
7 SPECIAL TOOLS
Demonstrated use of special tools 7.3 1
Packaging of special tools 7.4 1
Marking or tagging of special tools 7.5 1
8 COATINGS, INSULATION, AND HEAT TRACING
Minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) clearance around insulated lines and 8.4 1
components
9.1 PIPING AND TUBING SYSTEMS—GENERAL
Flanged connection bolt holes straddle horizontal and vertical [Link] 3
System construction of piping or tubing as specified 9.1.7 3
3
Minimum equipment and piping connection of DN 20 (NPS /4) 9.1.8 3

70
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 71

9.3 PIPING AND TUBING SYSTEMS—VALVES

Piping valves are flanged 9.3.1 3
Ball valve handles have locking provisions [Link] 3
9.8 PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT
Duplicate packing lists inside and out for crated equipment 9.8.5 1
Spare parts preserved and packaged 9.8.6 1
9.9 PACKAGE MARKINGS
Permanent labelling on two opposite sides of shipping box or 9.9.2 1
container
Industry standard cautionary symbol markings 9.9.3 1
Package markings 9.9.4 1
10.3.5 INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND TECHNICAL MANUALS
Manual containing all required operating and maintenance [Link].1 1
instructions
Technical data manual [Link] 1
11.3 INSTRUMENTATION
Pressure gauges are liquid-filled or dampened movement design [Link] 3
Pressure gauge dial sizes 100 mm (4 in.) minimum [Link].2 3
Pressure gauge printing is black on white background [Link].2 3
13 DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEM INSPECTION AND TESTING
Nondestructive examination of lifting lug welds [Link] 3
Hydrostatic testing 13.3.2 3
Operational testing 13.3.3 3
Nameplates 13.4 3
13.5 PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT
Non-machined exterior surfaces are painted 13.5.1 3
Machined exterior surfaces coated with rust preventative 13.5.2 3
Flanged openings have stainless steel closures 13.5.3 3
Lifting points are clearly identified 13.5.5 3
Each filter tagged to identify clean elements installed 13.5.7 3
 Annex D
(informative)

Module Comparison

Seal Gas Supply Module Comparison—Tandem

Module Designator DT DT1 DT2 DT3 DT4
Module Description Flow control by Differential Flow control for Flow control for Differential
flow pressure steady seal gas unbalanced pressure control
measurement control supply conditions compressor ends for primary vent
pressure higher
than suction
pressure
Gas Consumption M M H L M
Field Adjustability M M L H M
General Application — For suction pressure — For suction — For suction — Suitable for
higher than flare pressure pressure higher pressure low and
— For balanced DE and than flare higher than variable
NDE sealing pressure pressure but not flare suction
applications recommended pressure pressure
for high pressure — For balanced (could be
ratios and lower than
— For balanced DE unbalanced primary vent)
and NDE sealing DE and NDE — For balanced
pressure sealing DE and NDE
applications pressure sealing
— The system applications pressure
should have a — Good for applications
suitable constant steady and
seal gas supply variable
source operating
— Good for steady conditions
state operation

Secondary Seal Gas Supply Module Comparison—Tandem

Module Designator F F1 F2 F3
Module Description Flow control by Flow control for Low select flow control Individual flow control
orifice fluctuating primary
vent pressure
Gas Consumption H M M L
Field Adjustability L M M H
General Application — Low flare — Better control with — More precise — Best volumetric
pressure varying vent control with control of supply to
— Low pressure varying vent individual seal
variation of pressure — Best flow control for
flare variable primary vent
pressure conditions

72
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 73

Seal Gas Supply Module Comparison—Double

Module Designator DD DD1 DD2 DD3
Module Description Differential pressure Unregulated supply Pressure control Individual differential
control pressure control for
unbalanced
compressor ends

Gas Consumption M H M L
Field Adjustability H L L H
General Application — Use when there — Use when there is — Use when there is — Used for
is a large a minimum seal a minimum seal unbalanced
variation in gas supply gas supply sealing
sealing pressure pressure 50 psi pressure 50 psi pressures to
(i.e. dynamic to higher than max higher than max optimize seal
static) sealing pressure sealing pressure gas
— Supports — Use when there is — Use when there is consumption
unbalanced a stable seal gas a stable seal gas
sealing pressure pressure
pressures — Low seal gas
consumption when
seal gas supply
pressure is high
— High fluctuation of
seal gas supply
pressure

Buffer Gas Supply Module Comparison—Double

Module Designator T T1 T2 T3
Module Description Flow control by orifice Flow control by flow Differential pressure Flow control for
measurement control unbalanced
compressor ends
Gas Consumption H M M L
Field Adjustability L M M H
General Application — Use when there is — Maintains — Use on — Use when
low risk of process minimum velocity non-contacting, there is limited
contamination requirements labyrinth, or buffer gas
affecting seal — Compensates for contacting seal supply
performance variable process design — Use when
— Use in balanced pressures process
sealing pressure contamination
applications should be
— Use when there is minimal
low differential to
suction
— Use when source
pressure is lower
than seal gas
supply pressure
74 API STANDARD 692

Separation Seal Supply Module Comparison—Tandem and Double

Module Designator M M1 M2 M3
Module Description Flow control by orifice Individual Differential pressure Individual differential
pressure control control pressure control
Gas Consumption M L M L
Field Adjustability L H M H
General Application — Use on — Use primarily — Use on — Use on
non-contacting/ on contacting non-contacting/ non-contacting/
labyrinth seal seal labyrinth, or labyrinth, or
design as flow contacting seal contacting seal
control with design design
orifices — Allows extra — Allows extra
— Use in contacting protection for seal protection for seal
seal design as where secondary where secondary
differential vent could become vent could
pressure control pressurized become
with orifices pressurized
 Annex E
(normative)

Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements (VDDR)

75
 Job No. .......................................................................................... Item No...........................................................................................
DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEM Purchase Order No. ....................................................................... Date ...............................................................................................
VENDOR DRAWING AND DATA Requisition No. .............................................................................. Date ...............................................................................................
Inquiry No. ..................................................................................... Date ...............................................................................................
REQUIREMENTS Revision ……….. by....................................................................... Manufacturer ..................................................................................
For ................................................................................................. Unit.................................................................................................
Site ................................................................................................ Service ..........................................................................................

Proposal a—Bidder shall furnish number of paper copies/number of electronic copies of data as indicated
Review—Vendor shall furnish number of paper copies/number of electronic copies of data as indicated
Final—Vendor shall furnish number of paper copies/number of electronic copies of data as indicated

Description (see text) Distribution record

Review Review Review Final Final
due from received returned to due from received
vendor b c from vendor vendor vendor c from vendor

/ / / 1. Dry gas seal support system datasheet

/ / / 2. Piping and instrument diagram and connection list

/ / / 3. General arrangement drawing and component bill of material

/ / / 4. Production delivery schedule and progress reports

/ / / 5. Electrical schematic, terminal box layout, and connection list

/ / / 6. Component and Instrument datasheets

/ / / 7. Weld plan

/ / / 8. Certified dimensional outline drawing

/ / / 9. Utility list

/ / / 10. Testing procedure(s)

a Proposal drawings and data do not have to be certified. Typical data shall be clearly identified as such.
b Purchase may indicate in the column the desired time frame for submission of data.
c Bidder shall complete these two columns to reflect the actual distribution schedule and include this form with the proposal.
 Job No. .......................................................................................... Item No...........................................................................................
DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEM Purchase Order No. ....................................................................... Date ...............................................................................................
VENDOR DRAWING AND DATA Requisition No. .............................................................................. Date ...............................................................................................
Inquiry No. ..................................................................................... Date ...............................................................................................
REQUIREMENTS Revision ……….. by....................................................................... Manufacturer ..................................................................................
For ................................................................................................. Unit.................................................................................................
Site ................................................................................................ Service ..........................................................................................

Proposal a—Bidder shall furnish number of paper copies/number of electronic copies of data as indicated
Review—Vendor shall furnish number of paper copies/number of electronic copies of data as indicated
Final—Vendor shall furnish number of paper copies/number of electronic copies of data as indicated

Description (see text) Distribution record

Review Review Review Final Final
due from received returned to due from received
vendor b c from vendor vendor vendor c from vendor

/ / / 11. List of recommended spare parts

/ / / 12. List of recommended special tools

/ / / 13. List of recommended lubricants

/ / / 14. Installation manual

/ / / 15. Operating and maintenance manual

/ / / 16. Manufacturer data report

/ / /

/ / /

/ / /

/ / /
a Proposal drawings and data do not have to be certified. Typical data shall be clearly identified as such.
b Purchase may indicate in the column the desired time frame for submission of data.
c Bidder shall complete these two columns to reflect the actual distribution schedule and include this form with the proposal.
 Job No. .......................................................................................... Item No. .........................................................................................
DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEM Purchase order No. ........................................................................ Date ...............................................................................................
VENDOR DRAWING AND DATA Requisition No. .............................................................................. Date ...............................................................................................
Inquiry No. ..................................................................................... Date ...............................................................................................
REQUIREMENTS Revision ……….. by....................................................................... Manufacturer ..................................................................................
For ................................................................................................. Unit ................................................................................................
Site ................................................................................................ Service .........................................................................................

Notes:
1. Where necessary to meet the scheduled shipping date, the vendor shall proceed with manufacture upon receipt of the order and without awaiting the
purchaser’s approval of drawings.
2. The vendor shall send all drawings and data to the following:

3. All drawings and data shall show project, purchase order, and item numbers as well as plant location and unit. One set of the drawings and instructions
necessary for field installation, in addition to the copies specified above, shall be forwarded with shipment.
4. See the descriptions of required items that follow.
5. All of the information indicated on the distribution schedule shall be received before final payment is made.
6. If typical drawings, schematics, and bills of material are used for proposals, they shall be marked up to show the expected weight and dimensions to
reflect the actual equipment and scope proposed.
Nomenclature:
S—number of weeks before shipment.
F—number of weeks after firm order.
D—number of weeks after receipt of approved drawings.

Vendor______________________________________________________________________
Date___________________ Vendor Reference ______________________________________
Signature____________________________________________________________________
(Signature acknowledges receipt of all instructions)
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 79

DESCRIPTION

1) “For purchase” dry gas seal system datasheet completed for “proposal” and “as-built”.

2) Piping and instrument diagram, including the following.

a) The size and rating of all customer connections.

b) Flows, temperatures and pressures at each connection.

c) Pipe, valve, and orifice sizes.

d) Instrumentation, safety devices, and control schemes.

e) Control, alarm, and shutdown settings for pressure, flow, or temperature.

f) Utility requirements.

g) Filtration requirements.

3) General arrangement drawing and component bill of material.

4) The vendor shall provide production delivery schedule and progress reports.

5) Electrical schematic, terminal box layout, and list of connections.

6) Dry gas seal system component datasheets, including the following.

a) Filters.

b) Control valves.

c) Instrumentation.

7) Weld plan.

a) Weld procedures.

b) Weld map.

8) Certified dimensional outline drawing and list of connections, including the following.

a) The size, rating, and dimensional location of all customer connections.

b) Approximate overall and handling weights.

c) Overall dimensions and maintenance and dismantling clearances.

d) Dimensions of baseplate (if furnished) for train or skid mounted package, complete with diameters,
number and locations of bolt holes, and thicknesses of sections through which the bolts must pass.

e) Grounding details.

f) Center of gravity and lifting points.

g) Winterization, tropicalization, and/or noise attenuation details, when required.

h) Sketches to show lifting of assembled package and major components.

9) A complete list of utility requirements: quantity, filtration, and supply pressure of the following.

a) Gas.
80 API STANDARD 692

b) Air.

c) Electricity.

d) Water.

e) Steam.

10) The vendor shall submit detailed procedures, including acceptance criteria for the mechanical running test
and all optional tests, at least 6 weeks before the first running test.

a) Pressure test.

b) Leak test.

c) Functional test.

d) Cleanliness

11) List of spare parts recommended for start-up, normal maintenance purposes, and special tools furnished
for maintenance.

12) All information required for the proper installation of the equipment shall be compiled in a manual that
must be issued no later than the time of final certified drawings.

a) The vendor shall provide the purchaser with instructions necessary to preserve the integrity of the
storage preparation after the equipment arrives at the job site and before start-up.

b) A description of any special weather protection required for start-up, operation, and period of idleness
under the site conditions specified on the datasheets.

13) A manual containing all required operating and maintenance instructions shall be supplied not later than 2
weeks after all specified test shall have been successfully completed.

a) Any start-up, shutdown, or operating restrictions required to protect the integrity of the equipment,
including any unacceptable speeds due to natural frequencies.

b) Component drawings and bills of materials

c) Drawings, details, and descriptions of the operations of instrumentation and controls as well as the
make, materials, and type of auxiliary equipment. The vendor shall also include a complete
description of the alarm and shutdown facilities to be provided.

14) The vendor shall provide a “Manufacturer Data Report” within 30 days of completion of shop testing,
including the following.

a) Necessary certification of materials.

b) Pressure Vessel Manufacturer Reports.

c) Instrumentation Manufacturer Calibration Certificates.

d) Purchase specification for all items on the bill of materials.

e) Test data to verify requirements of specifications have been met.

f) Results of quality test and inspections.

g) Functional test data log.

The vendor is also required to keep this data available for examination by the purchaser upon request, for
at least 20 years.
 Annex F
(informative)

Gas Filter Rating, Testing, and Performance

F.1 Scope

This annex provides information on coalescing gas filter performance, rating, and testing. This information
identifies various industry standards, background, and associated considerations for comparison and
evaluation of filters to be used in gas seal systems.

F.2 Purpose

The purpose of a coalescing filter is to remove fine particles and liquid-phase contaminants. Debris and small
particles can cause excessive wear of the sealing surfaces and silt up seal components. Residual liquids and
aerosols can cause damage to seal faces.

Unlike lube oil filters, gas coalescing filters are not part of a recycling or multi-pass system; therefore, the filter
element Beta Ratio ratings or particle-removal efficiencies are identified and determined by single-pass basis
testing. Multi-pass test methods commonly used in liquid filter testing, such as covered in ISO 16889, are not
adequate for gas coalescing filter element testing and rating.

Filters should retain contaminants, not fail nor plug during operation or transient conditions including pulsating
gas pressures. For this reason, it is necessary for filter elements to withstand high differential pressures.
Part 3 of this standard defines the minimum required burst differential pressure rating of at least 5 bar (75 psi).

Coalescing filter elements are disposable (non-cleanable) and should be replaced when fouled.

F.3 Gas Supplies

Gas supplies can vary considerably throughout the range of operating conditions and sources. Gas filtration
for dry gas seals cannot be properly selected and evaluated unless the characteristics of the gas supplies are
known for all operating conditions. Gas supplies can vary from dry, inert gas with dew points below −7 °C
(20 °F) to complex hydrocarbon mixtures at their dew points with droplets or aerosols of hydrocarbon liquids
in phase equilibrium.

F.4 Particle Size and Seal Clearances

In order to provide protection for equipment, it is necessary that the filter be able to remove particles that are
smaller in size than the range of the operating clearances of the seal components. For some insight into
particle sizes and operating clearances, Tables F.1 and F.2 are provided.

F.5 Filter Specifications—Beta Ratio

The Beta Ratio is expressed as β x ≥ y, where x is the filter element particle size rating, expressed in
micrometers, and y is the ratio of particles x µm equal to or larger entering a filter; divided by the number of
particles x µm equal to or larger exiting or passing through a filter.

API 614, Fifth Edition, Part 4 specified a Beta Ratio rating of β4 ≥ 85 (4 µm spherical particle size with 98.8 %
removal efficiency), which can allow damaging materials to enter the seal. Part 3 of this standard modified the
specification to β1 ≥ 1000 (1 µm spherical particle size with 99.9 % removal efficiency) for seal gas and
separation gas for contacting separation seals. A rating of β10 ≥ 1000 (10 µm spherical particle size with
99.9 % removal efficiency) is specified for buffer gas and non-contacting separation seals.

81
82 API STANDARD 692

Table F.1—Relative Size Comparison of Particles of Some Common Materials

Particle size
Comparison
µm

159 100 mesh screen opening

100 Table salt

74 200 mesh screen opening

60 Pollen

30–40 Lower limit of human vision

37 400 mesh screen opening

10 Typical lube oil filtration particle size

1.0–5.0 Atmospheric dust particle

1.0 Cement dust particle

0.5 Tobacco smoke particle

0.1–2 Bacteria

Table F.2—Typical Seal Operating Clearances

Clearance
Component
µm

Dry gas seal face separation lifted (running) condition 3–5

Non-contacting separation seal 10–20

The terms “nominal” and “absolute” are often used to define a level of particle removal efficiency or element
effectiveness. However, there can be significant performance variations between different filters rated as
10 µm “absolute.” It is more precise to rate filter elements using Beta Ratio (β) for a given particle size.

Particle-removal efficiency, EPR, expressed in percent, for a filter with a known Beta Ratio rating, can be
determined from Equation (F.1):

1 − (1 y )  × 100
EPR = (F.1)

For the example, where β1 ≥ 1000 and y ≥ 1000 for particles 1 µm and larger, the minimum EPR is calculated
as

EPR (1 μm) =
1 − (1 200)  × 1000

EPR ( 25 μm) 99
= = .5 %EPR (1 μm) 99.9 %

A curve of the Beta Ratio plotted against the micron size can usually be provided. Some filter elements can
have a very wide band of performance and others can have a narrow band due to construction features.

Table F.3 shows a comparison of Beta Ratios and corresponding efficiencies along with associated
downstream particle counts (particles that have passed through the filter element).
 DRY GAS SEALING SYSTEMS FOR AXIAL, CENTRIFUGAL, AND ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS,
PART 3—DRY GAS SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 83

Table F.3—Element Beta Ratio and Efficiency from Particle Count

Beta Ratio Value Efficiency No. of Particles Upstream No. of Particles Downstream

4 75.00 % 100,000 25,000

10 90.00 % 100,000 10,000

75 98.67 % 100,000 1,333

100 99.00 % 100,000 1,000

200 99.50 % 100,000 500

1,000 99.90 % 100,000 100

2,000 99.95 % 100,000 50

5,000 99.98 % 100,000 20

NOTE This table is independent of particle size rating. It is simply for identifying the efficiency of a filter with a given Beta
Ratio rating.

For example, for a filter element with a β1 ≥ 1000, the efficiency is 99.90 % [also determined from Equation (F.1)]. Further
for every 1000 particles of 1 micron size entering into the filter, 1 would pass through.

F.6 Testing

F.6.1 Applicable Standards

Currently there are no existing industry standards specifically for the testing and rating of seal gas filters. The
filter testing standards ISO 16889, ISO 4406, and SAE AS 4059E identified in the Fifth Edition of API 614 are
applicable to hydraulic fluid (liquid) filtration, testing, and rating. These are not considered adequate for the
testing and rating of filter elements intended for use in gas seal systems defined in this standard.

A number of industry high air quality filtration classification and testing standards exist from which various
aspects can and are utilized for the testing and rating of filters used in seal gas systems. These standards fall
into two categories. The first is for compressed air systems used in many industries requiring high-purity
compressed air systems including the semiconductor, pharmaceutical, bio-medical, and food processing
industries. The second is for ambient air pressure systems commonly used in high-quality environmental air
ventilation systems and inlet air filtration systems.

Generally, the compressed air standards are considered to be more appropriate for use in the testing and
rating of filters for seal gas applications.

The primary standard for comparative purposes is ISO 12500, Filters for compressed air—Test methods, a
multi-part document that defines critical filter performance parameters such as coalescing effectiveness, oil
vapor removal, and liquid and solid particulate removal.

F.6.2 Particulate Filtration Testing

The purchaser can require Beta Ratio performance type test documentation per ISO 12500-3 to verify
β1 ≥ 1000 compliance.

ISO 12500-3, Filters for compressed air—Test methods—Part 3: Particulates, provides appropriate test and
measurement methods for determining the solid particulate removal efficiency ratings by particle size.
84 API STANDARD 692

The testing methods are performed as “type-tests” and are representative of a range of particle sizes. Two
particle diameter size ranges are identified in the standard, for dry gas seal applications. The Fine Filter
Range (0.01 μm ≤ particle size ≤ 5.0 μm) should be used.

F.6.3 Coalescing Tests

F.6.3.1 General

Coalescing performance, efficiency and pressure drop, can be quantified per ISO 12500-1 for aerosols
(hydrocarbon mist) and ISO 12500-4 for water mist. Coalescing performance requirements cannot be defined
because upstream aerosol and water mist conditions are indeterminate. These tests are useful for comparing
filter designs and can be used to select filters with higher coalescing efficiencies and suitable pressure drops.

F.6.3.2 Aerosol Coalescing Testing

ISO 12500-1, Filters for compressed air—Test methods—Part 1: Oil aerosols, provides a set of testing
3 3
methods to determine oil aerosol carryover in mg/m (1 mg/m = 0.84 ppm by weight) and saturated (or wet)
3 3
pressure drop in mbar. Two inlet oil aerosol concentrations of 10 mg/m and 40 mg/m provide a wide aerosol
challenge variance. It is possible that filter manufacturers’ test results could not be available for both
concentrations.

For the specific inlet aerosol concentration challenge, the testing will determine:

— oil aerosol filtration (removal) efficiency (expressed in percent % captured),

— pressure drop (Δp) across the filter,

3
— oil aerosol penetration (expressed as mass per unit volume (mg/m )].

NOTE ISO 12500-2, Filters for compressed air—Test methods—Part 2: Oil vapours, is not applicable because
adsorption-type filters are not generally utilized in gas seal systems since they are not designed for continuous unattended
operation.

F.6.3.3 Water Coalescing Testing

ISO 12500-4, Filters for compressed air—Test methods—Part 4: Water, provides testing methods to
determine the water removal efficiency and pressure drop of a filter designed for water removal from
compressed air.