Department of Computer Science & Engineering

UNIVERSITY OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

BY: DR MILLICENT AGANGIBA

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ARRAYS
An array stores a fixed-size sequential collection of
elements of the same type. An array is used to store
a collection of data, but it is often more useful to
think of an array as a collection of variables of the
same type stored at contiguous memory locations.

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 ARRAYS
All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest
address corresponds to the first element and the highest
address to the last element.

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 TYPES OF ARRAYS
There are two categories:

Single –dimensional Multi-dimensional

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 MODES OF IMPLEMENTATION
There are two modes of implementing arrays :

Static (Fixed size) Dynamic (Size not fixed)

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DECLARATION OF SINGLE ARRAYS
To declare an array in C#, you can use the following
syntax
datatype[] arrayName;
where,
datatype is used to specify the type of elements in the array.
[ ] specifies the rank of the array. The rank specifies the size of the array.
arrayName specifies the name of the array.
Example: double[] salary

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DECLARATION OF SINGLE ARRAYS

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Initializing an Array
Declaring an array does not initialize the array in the
memory. When the array variable is initialized, you can
assign values to the array.
Array is a reference type, so you need to use the new
keyword to create an instance of the array.
For example,
double[] salary = new double[5];

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Assigning Values to an Array
Value can be assigned using the index:
Example
double[] salary = new double[5];

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 Assigning Values to an Array
Value can be assigned using the entire array:
Example
double[] salary = { 2340.0, 523.69, 1452.0 3421.0, 100.5}
OR
double[] salary = new double[5] { 2340.0, 523.69, 1452.0 3421.0, 100.5};
OR
double[] salary = new double[] { 2340.0, 523.69, 1452.0 3421.0, 100.5};

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 Accessing an Array
To access any array element, write the name of the array followed by the
index of the element in square brackets.

Example:

A={5,7,8,10,11}

A[1]= 7

A[3]= 10

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 Traversing
To traverse, use loop and access elements one by one using the loop
variable. Hence an array of n elements is traverse as follows:

for (int i=0;i<; i++)

Arrayname[i];

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 Example 1
To declare an array of integer data type with a variable
name “intArray”

int[] intArray = new int[3]{10, 20, 30 };

// //print out the elements
for(int i = 0; i < intArray.Length; i++)
Console.WriteLine(intArray[i]);

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 Example 2
To declare an array of string data type with a variable name
“names” and assign the array to 2 elements

string[] names = new string[2];

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 Example 2
//To input data into the arrays or populating an array
names[0] = “Millicent Agangiba";
names[1] = "Jane Bawa";

//print out data in the arrays

for (int i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
Console.WriteLine("Item number " + i + ": " + names[i]);
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 Example 3
To declare array of integer data type with a variable name
“numbers” and assign 5 elements

int[] numbers = { 4, 3, 8, 0, 5 }

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 Example 3
//To sort numbers

Array.Sort(numbers);
//print out the elements

for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++)

Console.WriteLine("Item number " + i + ": " + numbers [i]);

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 Example 4
To declare an array of integer data type with a variable name “intArr”

int[] intArr = new int[5]{ 2, 4, 1, 3, 5};

To sort numbers and reverse arrays
Array.Sort(intArr);

Array.Reverse(intArr);
//print out the elements
for (int i = 0; i < intArr.length; i++)
Console.WriteLine("Item number " + i + ": " + intArr[i]);
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Example 1: program to allow users enter 10
elements in an array
//declaration and initialization of array
int[] number_arr = new int[10];
int i;
//entering of 10-element array
Console.Write("Input 10 elements in the array :\n");
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Console.Write("element - {0} : ", i);
number_arr[i] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
}
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Example 1: program to allow users enter 10
elements in an array
// entering of 10-element array
Console.Write("\nElements in array are: ");
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", number_arr[i]);
}
Console.Write("\n");

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Example 2: program to allow users indicate how many
elements the array should have and print out in reverse
order
//declaration and initialization of array
int i, n;
int[] a = new int[100];
//indicate number of elements and elements
Console.Write("Input the number of elements to store in the
array :");
n = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Input {0} number of elements in the array
:\n", n);
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Example 2: program to allow users indicate how many
elements the array should have and print out in reverse
order
//enter arrays with elements n
Console.Write("Input {0} number of elements in the array :\n", n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
Console.Write("element - {0} : ", i);
a[i] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
}

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Example 2: program to allow users indicate how
many elements the array should have and print out
in reverse order
//print out arrays with elements n
Console.Write("\nThe values store into the array are : \n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
Console.Write("{0} ", a[i]);
}
Console.Write("\n\nThe values store into the array in reverse are :\n");
// reverse the order of array elements
for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
Console.Write("{0} ", a[i]);
}
Console.Write("\n\n");
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Example 3: program to calculate the sum of
elements in an array
//declaration and initialization of array

int[] add = new int[100];

int i, n, sum = 0;
// preamble before entry
Console.Write("\n\nFind sum of all elements of array:\n");
Console.Write("******************************************\n");
//enter number of elements
Console.Write(“enter the number of elements in the array :");
n = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

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Example 3: program to calculate the sum of
elements in an array
//print out array elements

Console.Write("Input {0} elements in the array :\n", n);

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
Console.Write("element - {0} : ", i);
add[i] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); }
// sum of array elements
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum += add[i];
}
Console.Write("Sum of all elements stored in the array is : {0}\n\n", sum);
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 MORE EXERCISES TO TRY
1. Write a program in C# Sharp to count a total
number of duplicate elements in an array
2. Write a program in C# Sharp to find maximum and
minimum element in an array
3. Write a program in C# Sharp to sort elements of
array in ascending order

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 MORE EXERCISES TO TRY
4. Write a program in C# Sharp to sort elements of
the array in descending order
5. Write a program in C# Sharp to delete an element
at desired position from an array

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