Computer Fundamentals:
Introduction to Computer System
Learning Objectives…
▪ Meaning of a Computer System
▪ Basic description of the structure and functions of Computer
▪ Computers are Everywhere
▪ Advantage and limitations
A Computer…
A Computer…
A Computer…
▪ Takes input
▪ Processes it according to stored instructions
▪ Produces results as output
A Computer (Cont.)
The word computer was taken from the Latin – Computare –
which means ‘calculate’
Computer is a machine (e -Device) that only can execute
instructions that given by the user and operate the data
based on the related instruction. The computer will process
the data to produce information.
A Computer (Cont.)
A computer
• Accepts data Input
• Processes data Processing
• Produces output Output
• Stores results Storage
Data Vs Information
Data is a raw fact. There are 5 types of
data:
• Text : alphabetic, numeric, special
symbol
• Graphics : picture
• Audio: any kind of sound
• Video: a series of photograph frame
which record the real
• Animation: A series of image which is
displayed one by one to produce a
movement illusion
Data Vs Information
Data - raw fact
Information – data that has been
processed and contains meaning.
Computer System
All of the components of a computer system can be
summarized with the simple equations.
Computer System = HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER
Data Process Information
(HW/SW)
Computer System
Computer System (Cont.)
• Hardware = Internal Devices + Peripheral Devices
All physical parts of the computer (or everything that we can
touch) are known as Hardware.
• Software = Programs, Software gives "intelligence" to the
computer.
• User = Person, who operates computer.
Structure and Functions
▪ Structure :Is the way how each
component/unit of computer
communicates to each other.
▪ Functions: Refers to the
operation of each
component which include
in a structure.
Structure and Functions
Peripherals Communication Lines
COMPUTER
-Storage
-Processing
The Computer
The Main Structure
Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit
Computer Systems
Interconnection
Input
Output
Computer Functions
Four (4) main functions:
• Data processing
• Data storage
• Data Movement
• Control
Computer Every where…
Can you imagine one day without Computer???
Computer Every where…
Bank
Commercial Enterprise
Industrial Enterprise
Retailers
Reservation Systems
Offices
Education & Research
Health
Home
Marketing
Simulation
Library
Entertainment
News & information
Social Networking
Communications
Military
Government
Various Appliances..
Advantages of Computers
1. High speed : Computers have the ability to perform
routine tasks at a greater speed than human beings. They
can perform millions of calculations in seconds.
2. Accuracy : Computers are used to perform tasks
in a way that ensures accuracy.
3. Storage : Computers can store large amount of
information. Any item of data or any instruction stored in
the memory can be retrieved by the computer at lightning
speeds.
Advantages of Computers
4. Automation : Computers can be instructed to perform
complex tasks automatically(which increases the productivity).
5. Diligence : Computers can perform the same task
repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting tired.
6. Versatility : Computers are flexible to perform both
simple and complex tasks.
7. Cost effectiveness : Computers reduce the amount
of paper work and human effort, thereby reducing costs.
Limitations of Computers
• Computers need clear &
complete instructions to
perform a task accurately.
• So it is fully dependent. If the
instructions are not clear &
complete, the computer will not
produce the required result.
• Computers cannot think.
• Computers cannot learn by
experience.
