MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may
vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic
year 2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi),
the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

1 Answer any SIX of the following: 30M

1 a 5
Define prescription. Explain the various steps for proper handling of prescription
for dispensing of medicines.

Definition - 1M, Prescription handling 4M

A prescription is a written order issued by a registered medical practitioner or dentist

or veterinary doctor or any other licensed medical practitioner to a pharmacist to
compound or dispense a pre-formulated medication to the patient.
Prescription handling
The dispensing of medicines requires proper prescription handling. The various steps
include -
● Receiving the prescription
● Checking the prescription
● Assembling the medicines
● Packing the medicines and labelling

Page No: 1 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

● Billing and filling the patient medications report

● Instructions to the patient
● Endorsement
Receiving the prescription - The pharmacist should receive the prescription from the
patient or the relative in a professional manner with a smile, eye to eye contact and
friendly courtesy.
Checking the prescription - The pharmacist should always check the prescription for
its proper format (legality) and completeness. In case of any difficulty, the pharmacist
should consult another pharmacist or the prescriber. The pharmacist should never
guess the medicines on a prescription as it may lead to serious issues.
Assembling the medicines - While taking out the medicines from the shelves, the
pharmacist should pay attention to the dosage form, strength and the expiry date. All
the medicines should be kept in a tray.
Packing the medicines and labelling - The medicines should be packed properly to
keep the potency of the medicines intact. Medicines requiring storage in cold
temperatures should be packed with ice packs. Proper labelling of the products is
required in case dispensing is done from bulk containers.
Billing and filling the patient medications report - The medicines should be checked
for dosage form, strength, quantity and expiry date while billing. The pharmacist
should make an entry into the patient medication report for each patient while billing.
The bill should be signed by a registered pharmacist.
Instructions to the patient - Patient counselling is an important step while dispensing
of medicines. The pharmacist should provide instructions regarding dosing time and
simple advice regarding the medications.
Endorsement - The prescription should be stamped with date and sign of the
pharmacist.

Page No: 2 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

1 B 5
Explain the stages of patient counselling.

1 M for each point

Patient counselling by a pharmacist needs to be done in a systematic and organised

manner in order to achieve the therapy goals. The various stages of patient counselling
are
● Preparing for the counselling session
● Introduction
● Counselling content
● Counselling process
● Closing the counselling process
Preparing for the counselling session- Before the counselling session commences,
the pharmacist should gather knowledge about the patient and the treatment details.
The sources of information in a community pharmacy are the patients and their
prescriptions or record of previous dispensing.
Introduction or opening of the counselling session- A pharmacist should introduce
oneself with a smile and start the conversation after identifying the patient and in case
the patient is elderly, child or illiterate, the accompanying person should be identified.
It is a necessity to identify if the patient has the time for patient counselling, so can
start with a sentence as ‘Can I talk to you for a few minutes?’
The following information should be gathered from the patients
● Disease and its duration
● Treatment
● Past medications
● Allergies to drugs
● Habits as alcoholism, smoking, tobacco
● Use of alternative medicines
Counselling content- The following points should be included in the discussion
1. Name and strength of the medicine prescribed
2. How to take the medicines
3. How long will the medication take to show effect
4. Duration for which the medicines have to be taken
5. Benefits of the therapy
6. Possible adverse effects and explain that there is no drug in the world without
side-effects
7. What is to be done in case of missed dose or an adverse drug reaction
8. Possibility of drug -drug interactions or drug- food interactions
9. Precautions to be followed during the treatment
10. Proper storage conditions of the medicines
11. Any diagnostic test to be performed before starting the medicines
12. Handouts for chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Patient counselling process

The pharmacist explains the medications and treatment regimen to the patient. The
counselling should be done with simple vocabulary in a language easily understood by
the patient. Example ‘This medicine is for high BP’ instead of ’This medication is for
hypertension.’ The pharmacist should use the appropriate counselling aids like
pictogram, patient information leaflets to support the counselling. The dosage marks
for oral liquids should be displayed on measurement instruments. The colours, shapes,
sizes and markings on the oral dosage forms should be told to the patient. Use of
devices should be demonstrated.
Closing the counselling - The pharmacist needs to check the understanding of the
patient regarding the counselling. Cross questioning or feedback questioning to the
patient will help understand the pharmacist during the closing of the counselling
session. The pharmacist needs to summarise the points in a sequence.
Follow up counselling can be done by the pharmacist to understand the patient’s
compliance of the treatment regimen.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

1 C 5
Define OTC medication. Discuss the need and role of pharmacist in OTC
medication dispensing.

Definition 1M, Need of pharmacist(any four) 2M, Role(any four) 2M

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are the drugs which are available to the patients
without a prescription. These medicines are called non-prescription medicines.
Need of pharmacist in OTC medication dispensing
● The need for pharmacists in OTC medication dispensing is because none of the
medicines are harmless.
● Patients should be advised the correct choice of OTC medicines.
● Need to check medications interactions with the earlier prescribed medications.
● To ensure rational and safe use of OTC medications.
● To avoid patients being misled by advertisements of OTC products.
● Include counselling tips like avoiding alcohol and prohibited drugs with OTC
drugs
● Care during administration of OTC medicines in children and pregnant women
● Patients may have to be referred for doctor consultation if needed.
● Use of OTC medications saves time & money for minor health issues. It also
reduces the burden on the GPs . It is useful in countries like India to approach
the pharmacist for minor ailments , where the doctor to patient ratio is 1:1800.
● Some OTC medications are unproven, unscientific or irrational combinations

Role of pharmacists in OTC medication dispensing

● Effective treatment - Pharmacists can help in effective treatment and reduce its
cost
● Public health- Pharmacists can help improve public health by screening
patients’ health, providing information on drug safety, and deciding on rational
use of OTC products.
● Rational use of medicines- Pharmacists need to check regarding interactions of
OTC medications with herbal and dietary supplements or prescription drugs.
● Education and counselling - Pharmacists need to counsel patients regarding
appropriate use of OTC products like dose, dosage form, route of
administration, duration of action, special directions, precautions, side-effects,
interactions and contraindications
● Keeping check - Pharmacists need to check OTC medicines interactions with
other drugs, prescription drugs or with food.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

● Preventing drug abuse and misuse - Pharmacists need to keep check on drug
abuse and misuse by the patients.
● Referral to doctor - The community pharmacists need to identify whether OTC
products are appropriate for the patient or the case needs to be referred to a
doctor.

1 D 5
What advice should a pharmacist give for fever and sore throat?

Fever 2.5 M, Sore throat 2.5 M

Fever
Fever is a temporary rise in body temperature.
Normal human body temperature is 98.6°F.. A fever may be a symptom of various
illnesses, infections, some childhood vaccines, inflammation, food poisoning and
works like a warning.
The patient should be counseled to keep record of the body temperature and consult a
doctor if the temperature shoots above 102 °F. Adoctor should be consulted if fever
persists for more than 2 days in small children, with convulsions, vomiting, difficulty
in breathing, patients with cancer
Non - pharmacological advice -
1. Maintain proper hygiene
2. Use cold water sponging (cool compress)
3. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids like water, juices, soups etc
4. Eat light, easy to digest food.
5. like a light towel
6. Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
7. Monitor body temperature using oral thermometers.
Pharmacological advice -
1. Antipyretics as paracetamol, ibuprofen and aspirin
2. Children should not be administered aspirin
3. The antipyretics should be taken sos (when required)

Sore Throat -
A sore throat is a condition where the throat feels pain, dry, irritated and scratchy. Sore
throat may be associated with runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, hoarse voice,
bodyache, headache, loss of appetite, earache, allergies, excessive voice use,
inflammation due to GERD, sinusitis, or tonsillitis.
The patient should be advised to consult a doctor if the sore throat with fever more
than 102°F persists for more than two days, sore throat lasts for more than a week,

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

difficulty in swallowing & talking, joint pain , earache or swelling in the neck,
frequently occuring sore throat, hoarseness longer than 2 weeks
Non - pharmacological advice -
1. Maintain personal hygiene
2. Gargle with warm salt water or antiseptics.
3. Use humidifier
4. Take rest to provide time for the body to fight against the infection. Give rest to
the voice as well.
5. Drink plenty of warm liquids like tea with honey, soup, broth, herbal tea.
6. Use of liquorice, kadha
Pharmacological advice -
1. OTC medicines like paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin can be recommended
2. Caretakers should be advised not to administer aspirin to children
3. Suck OTC throat lozenges containing cetylpyridinium chloride and
dequalinium pastilles or hard candy or use cough syrup.
4. Use throat spray containing antiseptic like menthol or eucalyptus.
5. Use anti-inflammatory OTC products like benzydamine to reduce pain and
inflammation in mouth and throat
6. Diabetic patients should be recommended sugar free pastilles

1 e
Discuss the factors for site selection for setting up a retail pharmacy.

1 M for each point

The following factors should be considered while selecting a site for a new community
pharmacy.

Various factors are:

1. Physicians
2. Clinic/ Hospital
3. Other drug store
4. Flow of traffic
5. Parking
6. Business Locality
7. Residential areas
8. Developing areas
9. Near hotel, school, playground, cinema hall etc.
10. Visibility & accessibility

Page No: 7 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

1. Physicians: - If a location is having a good practice of more than three physicians,

then 70% of business will come through prescriptions. But if physicians are dispensing
their own medicines, they will prove to be competitors for the drug store.
2. Hospital: - If a hospital or clinic has a good practice of doctors without its own
pharmacy, then it is considered to be a very good location.
3. Other drug stores: - The area where no other pharmacies exist should be selected,
but if the potential is very high and already a number ofpharmacies are existing then
this area may be selected. This area may become a major business centre for drugs.
People in large numbers may visit the area thinking that all types of medicines are
available and in turn the sales increase
4. Flow of traffic - A pharmacy should be in an area, where there is no traffic
congestion. A pharmacy should not be opened near traffic signals or road circles as it
may lead to traffic jams. It should be opened on that side of road which people take to
reach their homes because people prefer to buy goods while returning home from their
jobs
5. Parking: - Enough parking space is always advisable when selecting a location.
6. Business Locality: - Number of people coming to business locality is high. In this
case, if shop is made attractive people may visit to purchase drug simultaneously. The
disadvantage is that the shop is not easily available and the price of shop is very high.
Huge investment is required to maintain the standard of pharmacy.
7. Residential areas: - Thickly populated areas should be selected for a pharmacy.
People prefer to buy medicines from nearby areas
8.. Developing area: - Nowadays in cities new areas are developing fast. It is a good
location to serve the needs of customers initially providing all types of services.
Competition is not a problem in this area.
9. Near hotels, schools, playground, cinema halls - These locations are not preferable
for starting a drug store because generally people live at a distance from schools,
playgrounds, hotels etc. If a site is near a restaurant, it may create a problem of
maintaining cleanliness in the neighbourhood of the drug store. In case cold drinks or
ice-cream facilities are also extended then it is preferable to open a pharmacy near
cinema halls.
10. Visibility & accessibility: The pharmacy should be easily visible & accessible to
the customers. It should be on a ground floor & near the footpath.

1 f
Define inventory control and list the methods of inventory control. Explain ABC
analysis.

Definition 1 M, List 2 M, ABC analysis 2 M

Page No: 8 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

Inventory control is the process of managing stock like drugs, medical devices, surgical
instruments etc OR

Inventory control is a systematic control of constant checking & evaluation of stored

[Link]

Is defined as a continuous process that involves planning, organizing, & controlling

inventory to minimize the investment in inventory while maintaining an optimum level
stock of the items.

Techniques of inventory control:

1. ABC analysis

2. Economic order quantity (EOQ)

3. Perpetual inventory system

4. VEN/VED analysis

5. Setting of various levels

6.. FIFO and LIFO

7. Establishing an effective purchase procedure

ABC analysis: (Always Better Control): In this, the materials are divided into three

groups – A, B and C according to the cost of material and money value of consumption.

A items B items C items

1 It covers 10% of total It covers 20% of total It covers 70% of total

inventories inventories inventories

2 It consumes about It consumes about It consumes about 10%

70% of total budget 20% of total budget of total budget

3 It requires very strict It requires moderate It requires light or loose

control Control control

Page No: 9 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

4 It needs minimum It needs periodic follow It needs close follow up

follow up up

5 It requires more effort It requires moderate It requires minimum

to reduce lead time effort to reduce lead effort to reduce lead
time time

6 It requires low It requires moderate It requires high safety

safety stock safety stock stock

1 g 5
Brief on the process of placing a purchase order.

1 M for each step

Purchase order can be placed by -

Purchase requisition: - Whenever the existing stock of a drug reaches the minimum
limit or reorder level, the person in charge of the store identifies the requirement. This
indicates the type of dosage form, strength, quantity of the item to be purchased.

Page No: 10 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

Receiving the quotation: A list of items to be purchased is sent to various suppliers

and quotations are invited from the vendors.. A comparative statement of the quotations
from suppliers is prepared. Generally the supplier with the lowest rate is selected.

Selection of suppliers: - Following points are taken into consideration for selection of
supplier.

● Reputation of supplier in market

● Financial condition of supplier
● Ability to supply at short notice
● Terms and conditions of payment

Placing the order: - A list of items to be purchased is sent to the particular [Link]
order is placed on the standard purchase order form commonly known as “supply order”.
The supply order is a legal document. Generally two copies of purchase order are
prepared, original is sent to the supplier and other copy is retained in the pharmacy. The
purchase order should include the terms and conditions for price, time of delivery and
payment. The supplier should acknowledge the receipt of the purchase order.

Receiving and checking the supply: The following checklist should be used as a
reference for checking the receipt of supplies:

● Check the supplies before the delivery person leaves.

● Check the supply received are same as ordered ( match with purchase order form)
● Check the items against the invoice received. ( integrity of the product, batch no.,
expiry date, quantity & price).
● Place the supplies in quarantine area till placed in respective place
● Keep aside the damaged, wrong products & return to the supplier
● In case of missing items, inform the supplier to supply the missing items
● Document these along with receiving invoice

2 Answer any TEN of the following: 30 M

2 a 3M
Define SOP. Enlist the benefits of SOP.

Marking Scheme: Definition 1M. 2M for any four benefits

A standard operating procedure is a written instruction describing how a routine task is
to be carried out; when, where and by [Link]

Page No: 11 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are written protocols and procedures to be

followed within a community pharmacy. OR
A Standard Operating Procedure is a written and step-by-step procedure for an activity
Benefits of SOP
1) Ensures that good practices are achieved at all times. When all the staff perform
their task consistently, it would ensure consistency in service.
2) SOPs can assist with quality assurance and ensure that patients receive a
service meeting certain predefined standards.
3) SOPs based on up-to-date practices help to ensure consistency to maintain the
high level of service offered and thus attains GPP at all times.
4) SOPs help to get free time for pharmacists and provide an opportunity to fully
utilize the expertise of all members of the Pharmacy through the delegation of
certain tasks.
5) They set out clear lines of accountability, ensuring that staff members are aware
of their own responsibilities.
6) Provides guidance for part time and temporary staff.
7) Helps in continual improvement of services.

2 b 3M
Describe the history of community pharmacy in India after the recommendations
of the drugs enquiry committee.

Marking Scheme:3M
The pharmacy practice scenario and especially community pharmacy practice
during the pre-independence era was highly unregulated and there were no
restrictions on the practice of pharmacy in India. The standardization of
pharmacy education was introduced in 1945.
In 1949 Pharmacy Council of India was established under pharmacy act 1948.
In 1953 education regulation came into force in some States but other states
lagged [Link] 1954 drugs and magic remedy act was passed to stop
misleading advertisement. In 1955 medicinal and toilet preparations Act was
introduced to enforce uniform duty for all states for Alcohol products.
In India, provisions of the Pharmacy Act 1948 enforced community
pharmacists working in India to have a pharmacist registration certificate issued
by the State Pharmacy Council of the respective State. To obtain a registration
certificate, the prospective pharmacist must acquire the minimum diploma (D.

Page No: 12 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

Pharm.) from a pharmacy institute recognized by the Pharmacy Council of

India (PCI). Both D. Pharm. and B. Pharm. holders are allowed to practice in
any community pharmacy.
In 1985 narcotic and psychotropic substances act was enacted to protect society
from the danger of attitude drugs.
The primary objective of education and training of community pharmacists is
the safe and effective use of medicines to improve patient outcomes. The
training was provided during educational programs but to maintain registration
continued professional development was essential to ensure that the practice is
kept up-to-date.

2 c
Enlist the common dispensing errors. What are the strategies to minimise the 3M
dispensing errors?

Marking Scheme: for enlist 1M, Any 4 Strategies- 2M

Answer: Common dispensing errors-
1. Dispensing medication for a wrong patient
2. Dispensing wrong medicine
3. Dispensing wrong drug strength (dose)
4. Dispensing the wrong quantity
5. Dispensing wrong dosage form
6. Dispensing with wrong information on label
7. Dispensing at wrong time
8. Failure to dispense
9 Dispensing medicines of inferior quality
10. Dispensing expired or almost expired drugs.

OR
1. Poor handwriting of the prescriber
2. Retrieval of wrong drug from the stock
3. Dose interpretation: Dose error/ Wrong dose

Page No: 13 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

4. Incorrect interpretation of abbreviation.

5. Expiry error

STRATEGIES FOR MINIMISING DISPENSING ERRORS

1) Confirm contents of prescription-Any doubts & uncertainties should be clarified
with the prescriber
2) Beware of LASA(Look alike sound alike) – The name should be read carefully
3) Organize workplace- proper lighting, adequate counter space, proper temp., &
humidity of the workplace
4) Reduce distraction –Avoid multitasking
5) Reducing stress & balance workload- Give regular breaks & freedom from
secondary responsibility to the employee
6) Thoroughly check all prescriptions
7) Thorough patient counselling
8) Educating the patients about safe & effective use of their medicines

2 d
Define communication. Describe the skills required for patient interview 3M
techniques.

Marking Scheme: Definition 1M, Patient interview techniques skill (any 4 points)-
2M

Answer:
Communication is the sharing of information, ideas, thoughts and feelings. it involves
not just the spoken word but also what is conveyed through inflection, vocal quality,
facial expression, body posture and other behavioural responses".
OR
Communication is a process in which messages are generated and transmitted by one
person and subsequently received and translated by another.

Page No: 14 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

The skills required for patient interview techniques

(1) Establish rapport: In medication related issues, a patient interacts with
pharmacists first as they are easily accessible. Patients share important information
with them based on trust that has developed over time.
(2) Respect patient's privacy: When pharmacists ask more difficult questions,
patient privacy should be considered.
(3) Recognize face value: Pharmacists should pay attention to patients' facial
expressions. It may give clues regarding things they are not saying and may alert
Pharmacists about the problem and its severity.
(4) Consider your appearance: Pharmacist's physical appearance is equally
important as with their actual speech. The way a Pharmacist presents himself
determines the amount of information he would obtain from a patient. Irrelevant
body language and postures may convey disinterest in what he has to say.
(5) Probing: Probing is the use of questions to elicit needed information from
patients or to help clarify their problems or concerns. "Why" type questions can
make people feel that they have to justify their reason for doing a certain thing. It is
better to use "what" or "how" type of questions.
(6) One thing at a time: Pharmacists regularly conduct interviews of patients and
their routine. While interviewing patients, pharmacists may think ahead on other
questions while asking one question. But patients come across such interactions
rarely, so pharmacists should make sure to ask their questions one at a time.
(7) Avoid jargon: In the process of patient's interview, pharmacist and patient are
best served by using common terminologies. Use only words that patients are
familiar with to avoid confusion in the patient's mind.
8) Listen actively: Pharmacists should listen to their patient's responses to questions
asked. Usually being an expert, they may keep on thinking ahead to the next
question instead of paying attention to what the patient is replying through his
answer.

2 e
Classify communication. Describe written communication skill. 3M

Marking Scheme: Classification 1M, Written communication skill- 2M

Answer: A) Based on communication channel-
1) Verbal communication
❖ · Oral communication

Page No: 15 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

● Face to face
● Distant
❖ · Written
2) Non-verbal communication
B) Based upon style and purpose
1) Formal
2) Informal
Written communication skills:
• The common forms of written communication commonly employed in
Pharmacy practice include prescriptions, patient's medication and test
reports, letters, notices, emails, messages, advertisements and business-
related documents.
• Written communication is specifically needed when the information is
lengthy and consists of images, pictures, charts, graphs, statistical data and
so forth. This is because conveying such information in any other form is
difficult and may not be imparted orally to the individuals.
• When the individuals are communicating with each other in a written
form, they need to take into account factors such as addressing
appropriately, making use of decent words, stating the information in a
clear and understandable manner, stating all the necessary concepts and
concluding well by saying thank you and putting the name and signatures.
• Writing is often the catalyst for actions in healthcare. Pharmacists are
frequently identified for their activities initiated by written documents such
as updating patient records, communicating with insurers, and answering
drug information questions, writing patient care plans, progress notes,
treatment guidelines, patient education handouts, etc. Writing skill for a
pharmacist provides much stronger legal standing than any other
communication.
• Quality written records can ensure long-term success for pharmacists,
especially when it comes to compliance and liability issues. In addition,
pharmacists' writing is increasingly important because new technologies are
continuously evolving in the healthcare sector. These days, since healthcare
communication exists largely in electronic medical records and through
digital platforms, it is essential that pharmacists write clearly and
effectively.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

• Many of the documents by pharmacists listed earlier in this section are

direct part of patient care. Consequently, good writing contributes directly
to positive patient outcomes, the ultimate goal of any healthcare
professional. In order to execute written communication in an effective
manner, it is vital for the pharmacists to up-grade their skills in terms of
various forms of technologies.
Advantages of Written Communication skills.

1. .It is more accurate because it is prepared more carefully.

2. Written words serve as permanent records which can be used as legal
documents.
3. Written messages can be referred to several times in order to gain a clearer
concept of the message.
4. Written messages can be sent to a large number of persons in a cost effective
manner.
5. .It helps in avoiding disputes as it is easier to fix responsibilities and can be
referred to as evidence.
6. It assures uniformity as the same message is circulated among the people.
Dis-advantages of written communication skill-
1. It requires more time to produce
2. It can be expensive as it needs stationery and an employee for writing and
delivering letters.
3. It is time consuming.
4. It does not permit immediate exchange of thoughts, views etc.
5. It is not useful in case of an emergency.
6. It is not effective for illiterate people.
7. Messages of confidential nature cannot be conveyed as the chances of leakage
of the contents of the message are high.

2 f
Enlist the patient counselling tips for tuberculosis. 3M

Marking Scheme:3M (any 6 points)

Answer:

Page No: 17 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

1. Medication Adherence: The patient should follow the instructions as given by

the doctor. The medications should not be discontinued without the doctor's advice. TB
is curable if the medications are properly used as advised. Patients should be educated
about common side effects and when to refer to physicians.
2. Infection Control: In case of Pulmonary TB patients should follow cough
etiquettes, should spit in a cup containing disinfectant, should try to isolate themselves
from other family members especially children for at least the initial phase of the
infection. Educate patient about frequency and importance of sputum examinations, (if
sputum positive cases)
3. Lifestyle Modifications: Lifestyle Modifications, especially related to physical
activity and avoiding the use of alcohol and nicotine have several benefits.
4. Physical Activity: Physical activity must be enjoyable and sustainable. However,
in TB cases, there is restricted lung capacity. Expert advice is necessary before
initiating any regular exercise programme.
5. Use of Contraceptives: If there is a female patient who is taking Oral
Contraceptive Pills (OCPs), then she should be advised to use alternative methods of
contraception.
6. Diets: A healthy balanced diet is essential. A patient generally has poor appetite
initially and it is better to start with "eat small and frequent nutritionally balanced
meals'. The Government provides Rs. 500/- per month to notified TB patients as
nutritional support.
7. Tobacco Cessation: All are encouraged to quit all forms of tobacco use.
8. Alcohol Intake: Reducing alcohol intake can have several health benefits. In
addition, it increases drug toxicity in TB.

2 g
Define medication non-adherence. Give two examples of medication non- 3M
adherence and how it can be corrected.

Marking Scheme: Definition- 1M, Any two examples with correction measures- 2M

Answer:

Medication non-adherence: patients tend to miss the dose due to various reasons is
termed as medication non-adherence.

Page No: 18 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

1) Level of prescribing:
Medication non-adherence may occur because patients perceive it to be unnecessary or
because of their fears and beliefs related to adverse effects of drugs. Hence, providing
clear medication related information to patients is essential to improve adherence.
Complexity of drug regimen is found to negatively affect medication adherence.

Corrective measure- Modification will have to be made to medication regimens to

reduce the frequency of administration, and/or reduce the number of different
medications, and if applicable, to replace with combination products. This method
often calls for patient's cooperation, thus highlighting patient participation in disease
management.
2) Medication adherence is adversely affected by patient-related factors that are
closely linked to the other factors previously discussed. Most of the time patient
behavioral factors may not be perceived well by the doctors resulting in decreased
adherence. Most variations in taking medication occur include omission of doses or
delays in the timing of doses.
Patients with low literacy usually have difficulties in understanding instructions; which
ultimately results in decreased adherence and poor medication management. The list of
these factors includes:

(a) Physical factors

(b) Visual impairment
(c) Hearing impairment
(d) Impaired mobility/dexterity
(e) Swallowing problems
(f) Psychological/behavioral factors
(g) Motivation
(h) Fear of possible adverse effects
(i) Fear of dependence
(j) Feeling stigmatized by disease
(k) Frustration with healthcare providers
(l) Psychosocial stress/anxiety/anger
(m) Alcohol/substance abuse.

Page No: 19 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

(n) Chronic diseases

Corrective measures- Communicating with the patient
(a) Explain key information when dispensing medicine for the patient. Address
the key information, such as what, why, when, how, and how long, about the
medications.
(b) In advance, inform and caution the patients about the common side effects,
else they would be more worried that may lead to non-adherence.
(c)Use medication adherence improving aids that specify the time to take
medications such as medication calendars or schedules, drug cards, medication
charts, medicine related information sheets, specific packaging such as pill
boxes, unit-of-use packaging, and special containers indicating the time of
dose.
(d) Collaborate with patients, especially elders, to incorporate the medication
regimen into their daily complex regimen having unintentional difficulties in
adherence.

3) Packing: The container used to pack pharmaceutical formulations should not only
help to protect it from environmental conditions, but also it should be handy, easy to
store and carry.

For example, Geriatric patients or arthritic patients, especially those staying alone may
encounter problems during removal of dose from blister packs/strips.

Corrective measure: In such cases, a pharmacist should supply loosely packaged dosage
forms in appropriate easy to open containers.

4) Complex therapeutic regimen: More number of medicines per day not only increases
chances of forgetting the dose but increases risk due to drug interactions.

Corrective measure: Dosing schedule is planned at different times.

2 h
Give the formula for BMI calculation. Draw the BMI Vs weight chart. Enlist the 3M
risk diseases associated with obesity.

Marking Scheme: Formula 1M, Chart- 1M, Diseases- 1M

Answer:

Page No: 20 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

Disease caused due to obesity-

➢ Diabetes
➢ Cardiovascular diseases and their complications
➢ Arthritis
➢ Some cancers.
➢ Hypertension
➢ Dyslipidemia
➢ Stroke
➢ Breathing problem
➢ Sleep apnoea
➢ Chronic inflammation

2 i
Discuss the role of pharmacists in promoting safe practices during self- 3M
medication.

Marking Scheme:Any 6 points-0.5 M each

Role of pharmacists in promoting the safe practices during self medication

1. A pharmacist should suggest appropriate OTC for minor illness & give
instruction for correct use, storage & disposal of unused medicines.
2. Pharmacists must ensure that the OTC medicines are from approved
manufacturers and are of good quality.

Page No: 21 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

3. Should check potential drug related problems & counsel the high risk patients
for the appropriate use of medications.
4. Pharmacist should not dispense prescription medications as OTC
5. Pharmacists should screen potential purchasers.
6. Monitor the patient for long term complications.
7. Pharmacists should maintain patient related records including the OTC
medications dispensed.

2 j
Explain legal requirements to set up a retail pharmacy. 3M

Marking Scheme:1M laws or Act, 2M other legal requirements

Legal requirement to set up a community pharmacy

1 Minimum qualification

2 Space

3 Storage arrangement

4 Issue of licenses

5 Conditions of license for operating a community pharmacy

1) Minimum qualification

A person to establish a retail drug store should be a registered pharmacist with the
State Pharmacy Council.

The minimum qualification required for registration as a pharmacist is [Link]

(from a recognized institute) & successful completion of Practical training of 500
hrs spread over 3 months.

2) Space requirements:

As per the Drugs & Cosmetics Rule 1945, the space required for the new retail drug
store is 10 square meter

Wholesale and Retail both 15 square meters together

3) Store arrangement:

Page No: 22 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

● The number of racks and shelves should be sufficient in order to store drugs
and pharmaceutical preparations.
● There should be a proper space for a refrigerator to store enzymatic
preparations, vaccines, vitamins and antibiotics at a temperature 2 to 8°C.

4) Issue of Licenses

The lic shall be issued in various forms

For retail sale

● For drugs other than those specified in schedule C,C1 & X: Form 20
● For drugs specified in Sch. C C1 : Form 21
● For drugs specified in Schedule X : Form 20 F
● Shop should be registered under shop and establishment Act
● Insecticide or pesticide license can be obtained from agricultural college or
FDA
● To sell honey, bournvita, baby food etc, food licenses should be obtained
from corporations. If the shop is not under corporation area, license should
be obtained from FDA
● To sell homeopathic drugs, a separate form should be filled and license can
be obtained from the FDA. No license is required for selling ayurvedic drugs
● For GST no. application is to be submitted. For income tax no. application
given to income tax office nearby. All the licenses should be displayed in
frame in the proposed premises

5. Condition of the license for operating a community pharmacy:

● The lic is to be displayed in a prominent place in the premises

● The licensee is required to comply with the provision of the drugs &
cosmetics Rules.
● The licensee should inform the licensing authority within one month of any
change in the registered pharmacist.
● Dispensing of medications should be in the presence of the registered
pharmacist must be ensured
● Purchase of the drugs should be from licensed manufacturers or
wholesalers.

2 k
Enlist the types of cash books. Draw their formats. 3M

Page No: 23 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

Marking Scheme: Enlist 1M, 4 Formats 0.5M each

Answer:
Types of cash books-
1. Single column cash book
2. Double column cash book
3. Triple column cash book
4. Petty cash book
Formats for Cash books-

Page No: 24 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

3 Attempt All QUESTIONS of the following 20 M

3 a 1M
The first education regulations were introduced in India in the year
___________and the most recent education regulations in ____________
Answer: 1953 & 2020

3 b 1M
Write the full form of GPP
Answer: Good Pharmacy Practice

3 c The professional responsibilities of a community pharmacist does not 1M

include-
i) Prescription processing ii) Health promotion
iii) Patient counselling iv) Prescribing medicines
Answer: iv) Prescribing medicines

3 d 1M
Write the auxiliary labeling conditions for eye drops.

Answer: Any two of the following

i) For external use only
ii) Do not touch the tip to the eye
iii) Wash the hands before putting the drops
iv) Keep the eyes closed for 1 min after putting the drops
v) Use within one month after opening the bottle.
vi) If irritation persists, discontinue the use and consult a physician.

Page No: 25 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

3 e 1M
DASH diet is recommended
for__________

Answer: Hypertension

3 f 1M
Name the types of barriers in patient counselling in community
pharmacy.

Answer: Any two of the following:

1. Patient based barriers
2. System based barriers
3. Provider based barriers
4. Time barrier

3 g 1M
Define patient information leaflets.

Answer: The patient information leaflet is prepared in layman language to make the
patient understand their disease & medication at their convenience.
OR

A Patient Information Leaflet is a printed leaflet to be read by the patient and which
contains information in easy to understand language, about a specific illness/ disease
condition or a medicine.

3 h 1M
What is medication
adherence?

Answer: The extends to which a person’s behavior in taking medications corresponds

with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider.
OR
Medication adherence is defined as the extent to which a patient takes the medicines in
accordance with the advice of healthcare personnel.

Page No: 26 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

3 i 1M
An individual is said to be diabetic when the post prandial blood glucose level
is _________________ mg/dl

Answer: 200mg/dl

3 j 1M
Early detection of following condition using health screening technique saves
patient's life-
i) Fever ii) Acne
iii) Cancer iv) Arthritis
Answer: iii) Cancer

3 k ______________bacteria which helps to re-establish gut flora is useful in 1M

diarrhoea
Answer: Probiotics like Lactobacillus

3 l Define self medication. 1M

Answer: Minor ailments are defined as common or self limiting uncomplicated
conditions that can be diagnosed and managed without medical involvement.
OR

According to the WHO, self medication is the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed
disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for
chronic or recurrent diseases or symptoms.

3 m 1M
Name any two OTC products used for common cold.
Answer: Any two of the following
Paracetamol, medicated lozenge, Antihistaminics if patient suffers from allergic
rhinitis, nasal decongestants containing oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, saline nasal
spray,

3 n Define audit. 1M
Answer: Audit means examination/ checking of the records or activities in the
business.

Page No: 27 of 28
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Community pharmacy & Management Subject Code: 20222

Q. Sub No. Answers Marking

No. Scheme

3 o 1M
Following are the disadvantages of online pharmacy
except-
i) Easy access to medicines ii) Difficulty in returning unused medicines.
iii) No physical assessment. iv) Patient counselling not possible.
Answer: i) Easy access to medicines

3 p State the meaning of 'store in a cold place'. 1M

Answer: 2 o to 8 o C

3 q 1M
Management of community pharmacy requires-
i) Organizing ii) Procuring iii) Legalizing iv) Ordering
Answer: i) Organizing

3 r 1M
A balance sheet shows ______________ and liabilities.
Answer: Assets

3 s 1M
Give the full form of FIFO and LIFO.

Answer: FIFO- First in first out LIFO –Last in first out

3 t 1M
The short term finance requirements of a business can be fulfilled
by-
i) Shares ii) Debentures
iii) Overdraft iv) All of the above
Answer: iii) Overdraft

Page No: 28 of 28