PHYSICS
ATAR COURSE YEAR 12
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
2022
2021/68707 Physics Year 12 Formulae and Data Booklet 2022
PHYSICS YEAR 12 2 FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
Note: the variable t refers to the 'time taken', sometimes referred to as the 'change in time' or Δt.
Gravity and motion
s
Average velocity vav =
t
Equations of motion v u at s u t ½ at2 v 2 u 2 2as p = mv
Force Fnet = m a
Weight force Fweight = mg
Kinetic energy Ek = ½ m v 2
Gravitational potential energy E p mg h
Work done W = Fs W E
2 r v2 m v2
Equations of circular motion v ac = Fc m=
resultant= ac
T r r
Newton’s law of universal m1 m2
Fg = G
gravitation r2
T 2 4 2
Kepler's 3rd law
r 3 GM
Fg M
Gravitational field strength g =
= G 2
m r
Moment of a force
r F sin
(force at angle θ to lever arm)
Wave particle duality and the quantum theory
1
Wave period T=
f
Wave equation c f
hc
Energy of photon E=hf E
Energy transitions E h f E E2 E1
Photoelectric effect Ek h f W
h
de Broglie wavelength
p
See next page
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET 3 PHYSICS YEAR 12
Electromagnetism
1 q1 q2
Coulomb's law F
4 0 r 2
F V
Electric field strength E
= =
q d
I
Magnetic field strength B 0
2 r
Magnetic force on a F qvB where v B
charged particle
Magnetic force on a
F I B where B
current-carrying conductor
Particle motion in a mv
r=
magnetic field qB
Torque on a coil r F
Magnetic flux B A
Electromagnetic induction induced emf : vB where v ⊥ B
( 2 1 ) ( B A )
induced emf : N N N
t t t
max
AC generator emf max : max 2 N vB 2 N B A f rms
2
Ohm’s law V = IR
q
Electric current I= Work and energy W = V q
t
Vp Np
Ideal transformer turns ratio = Power P =V I
Vs Ns
Special relativity
t0
v2 t
Relativistic effects 0 (1 2 ) v2
c (1 )
c2
v u' u v
u u'
vu ' uv
1 2 1 2
c c
mv
pv
Relativistic momentum v2 Hubble's law v = H0 d
(1 )
c2
Rest energy Erest = m c 2
m c2
Et
Mass-energy equivalence v2 Total energy Et Ek Erest
(1 )
c2
See next page
PHYSICS YEAR 12 4 FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
The Standard Model
Elementary particles
Electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum
Wavelength
(m) 10 2
10 1 10 -1
10 -2
10 -3
10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10
-12
Area
visible
radio frequencies X-rays
of
spectrum microwaves ultraviolet gamma rays
infrared radiation
radiation
f (Hz) 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020
Frequency
Note: shaded areas represent regions of overlap.
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FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET 5 PHYSICS YEAR 12
Physical data
Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Earth....... g = 9.80 m s-2
Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Moon...... gM = 1.62 m s-2
Mean radius of the Earth........................................ RE = 6.37 × 106 m
Mass of the Earth................................................... ME = 5.97 × 1024 kg
Mean radius of the Sun.......................................... RS = 6.96 × 108 m
Mass of the Sun..................................................... MS = 1.99 × 1030 kg
Mean radius of the Moon........................................ RM = 1.74 × 106 m
Mass of the Moon................................................... MM = 7.35 × 1022 kg
Mean Earth-Moon distance.................................... = 3.84 × 108 m
Mean Earth-Sun distance....................................... = 1.50 × 1011 m
Mass (at rest) of electron ....................................... me = 9.11 × 10-31 kg
Mass (at rest) of proton.......................................... mp = 1.67 × 10-27 kg
Tonne...................................................................... 1 t = 103 kg
Physical constants
Speed of light in vacuum or air............................... c = 3.00 × 108 m s-1
Electron charge...................................................... e = −1.60 × 10-19 C
Planck constant...................................................... h = 6.63 × 10-34 J s
Newtonian constant of gravitation.......................... G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
Electric constant..................................................... ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 F m-1
Magnetic constant.................................................. µ0 = 4� × 10–7 N A–2 = 1.26 × 10–6 N A–2
Conversions
Electron volt............................................................ 1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J
Light year................................................................ ly = 9.46 × 1012 km
Megaparsec............................................................ Mpc = 3.09 × 1019 km = 3.26 × 106 ly
See next page
PHYSICS YEAR 12 6 FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
Prefixes of the metric system
Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol
1012 tera T 10-3 milli m
109 giga G 10-6 micro µ
106 mega M 10-9 nano n
103 kilo k 10-12 pico p
Mathematical expressions
Quadratic equations
Given ax2 + bx + c = 0, x = −b ± √b2 − 4ac
2a
Triangles
The following expressions apply to the triangle ABC as shown:
B
c a
A C
b
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
a = √b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
End of booklet
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Elementary Adapted from Standard Model image: MissMJ. (2006). File:Standard Model of
particles Elementary [Link]. Retrieved June, 2016, from
[Link]
[Link]
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