Lecture 1
introduction
References
• Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage
Forms and Drug Delivery Systems
• Aulton’s Pharmaceutics The Design
• and Manufacture of Medicines
What is ‘pharmaceutics’?
• Pharmaceutics: it is the branch of
pharmaceutical sciences that concerned
with formulation, manufacturing, Stability
and effectiveness of dosage form.
• Pharmaceutics is science of dosage form
design.
• pharmaceutics converts a drug into a
dosage form.
major considerations in the design
of dosage forms:
• Physicochemical properties of the drug itself.
• Biopharmaceutical considerations, (such as how the
administration route of a dosage form affects the rate and extent of
drug absorption into the body)
• Therapeutic Considerations of the disease state
and patient to be treated, (which in turn determine the most
suitable type of dosage form, possible routes of administration and the
most suitable duration of action and dose frequency for the drug)
Dosage Form
• Dosage Form: is the physical form in
which a drug is produced and dispensed.
fact that dosage form are very rarely drugs alone but require
additives (termed excipients) to make them into dosage forms, and
this in turn introduces the concept of formulation
Mixture of Active Drug Component
and Non Active drug Component
Dosage form = Drug + Excipients
Drug
(Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient -API)
• According to the FDA (Food and Drug
Administration), Drug is:
a substance intended for use in the
diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of disease.
Sources of drugs
• The drug substance may be:
1. Natural in origin (plant-animal-minerals-
microorganism).
2. Synthetic drugs (synthesized in laboratory)
like Aspirin.
3. Semisynthetic like Ampicillin
Naming of a drug
• Chemical name: The name indicating the
chemical structure of the drug.
• Generic name: The name given to the
compound during early investigation.
• Official name: The name given to the
drug in the pharmacopoeia.
• Brand name: Trade name of the drug in
the market.
How do we name drugs?
• Chemical name: N- acetyl- para-aminophenol
• Official name: B.P. 1998: paracetamol.
USP XXII: acetaminophen.
• Brand name (Trade name): – Abimol (Glaxo),
Paramol (YEDCO) – Ramol (saba),
Excipients
(inactive pharmaceutical ingredients)
Excipients (additives): are inert substance
which are usually added to drugs in dosage
forms to enhance the physicochemical
properties of drugs
Pharmaceutical Aids , Adjuvants or
Excipients.
Diluents, binders, lubricants, des- integrates, coatings,
preserves and stabilizers, colorants and flavorings
Ideal Properties of excipient
Physiologically inert
Do not impart any undesired taste, color
and odor
Non-toxic, non-irritant and non-
sensitizing.
Effective in low conc.
Free from microorganisms
Not interfere with bioavailability of drug.
Accepted by regulatory authorities
Classification of pharmaceutical dosage
for according to:
Route of administration Physical state
Oral Solid
Parenteral
Topical
Liquid
Vaginal Semisolid
Rectal gas
Ophthalmic
Otic
inhalatiom
Classification of pharmaceutical
dosage for according to physical state
