SPIRITUALITY OF LGBTQ INDIVIDUALS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THEIR

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

______________________________

A Thesis Presented to the

College of Health and Sciences

St. Paul University Surigao

Surigao City

______________________________

In Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY

______________________________

By

ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO

GEMA R. SULAPAS

ANGELINE L. TEMPLA

MARCH 2024
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and ii
Character Development

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis titled SPIRITUALITY OF LGBTQ INDIVIDUALS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

TO THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT prepared and
submitted by ANA RUTH PALOMAR BALDEVIESO, GEMA RUAYA SULAPAS, and
ANGELINE LLORANDO TEMPLA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY has been examined and is recommended for
approval and acceptance.

DR. NIKKO T. EDERIO, LPT

Adviser
__________________________________________________________________________________

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

APPROVED by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of PASSED on March of
2024

SR. MARIE ROSANNE MALILIN, SPC

Chair

Member Member
__________________________________________________________________________________

ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF

SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY

SR. MA. JESSICA J. FORMACIAON, SPC

Dean, College of Health and Sciences
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and iii
Character Development

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This research paper is an original work and does not include any content that has been

previously published or written by someone else. It also does not include any material that has

been accepted for the award of a degree or diploma at St. Paul University Surigao or any other

educational institution, unless proper acknowledgment is given in the dissertation. Any

contributions made to the research by individuals we have collaborated with at St. Paul

University Surigao or elsewhere are explicitly recognized.

ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO

GEMA R. SULAPAS

ANGELINE L. TEMPLA
Candidates
March , 2024
Date

Attested by:

DR. NIKKO T. EDERIO, LPT

Adviser
March , 2024
Date
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and iv
Character Development

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

―Faith is taking the first step even when you don‘t see the whole staircase.‖ –

Martin Luther King Jr.

Writing this thesis paper will never be possible without the invaluable
contributions, optimistic encouragement, and kind support given by numerous individuals.
Therefore, this page is wholeheartedly offered to express the researchers‘ deep gratitude and
immeasurable appreciation to all the people who helped the researchers make this
masterpiece turn into reality.

First and above all, to our Almighty God for bestowing wisdom, knowledge,
strength, and courage to the researchers to continue making this thesis despite all the odds.
With God, indeed, nothing is impossible.

To Mr. Edmar and Mrs. Analita P. Baldevieso, Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Norma R.
Sulapas, and Mr. Antonio and Mrs. Lina L. Templa, the loving parents of the researchers
for giving them their all-time support, love, and understanding. They are the researchers‘
inspiration to finish making this thesis and to never give up.

To the Edward and Eva Underwood Charitable Foundation (EEUCF), cared

under Sr. Marie Rosanne Mallillin, SPC, and her secretary, ma‘am Sheila Marie Puracan-
Belsondra, for their unwavering generosity and financial assistance given to one of the
researchers who is a scholar.

To Sr. Honorata Palomar, SPC, the aunt of one of the researchers for her financial
support and prayers. To Kristielyn L. Templa, the elder sister of one of the researchers for
her financial help and encouragement. And to all the siblings of the researchers for their
moral support and guidance.

To the college best friends of the researchers; Andrei Joshua, Jayleika, James,
Hannah Mae, Abigail Shane, Mary Jeraldine, and Mariah May for being the best,
genuine people and for making the whole college life of the researchers happy, enjoyable,
and worth-remembering. Their genuine smiles and laughters, love and support, and kind
words make this thesis bearable and less stressful. Just their presence and quality time are
already enough to give sunshine and rainbows to the researchers‘ lives. Having them is really
a blessing.

To Dr. Nikko T. Ederio, the research professor for his admirably patience in
teaching, and for sharing his great knowledge and incomparable expertise in writing
qualitative research. Also, to his hands-on guidance and assistance on how to properly write a
good and useful thesis paper.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and v
Character Development

To _____________, the Research Adviser, for imparting her proficiency in the

Qualitative design, coupled with firm support, all-out guidance, and wise recommendations
that indeed contributed to the quality and usefulness of this study.

To the expert validators, who diligently examined and analyzed the research
questionnaire through rigorous validation, thus strengthening this study‘s credibility and
reliability.

To all the authors mentioned in this study, for their profound knowledge showcased in
their masterpieces which served as the solid foundation of this thesis and concurrently acted as a
source of information throughout its execution.

To the at least ten (10) informants of this study for dedicating their invaluable time,
effort, and willingness to answer the questions during face-to-face interviews throughout the
study. The researchers acknowledge their remarkable lived experiences and faith, which were
essential in gathering the necessary data for this study. Without their participation, this thesis
would not exist.

To the bottom of the researchers‘ humble hearts, thank you very much! The researchers
cannot do this without all your help.

ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO

GEMA R. SULAPAS
ANGELINE L. TEMPLA
Researchers
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and vi
Character Development

ABSTRACT
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and vii
Character Development

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ix

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

The Problem and its Background 1

Theoretical Framework 4

Philosophical Underpinnings 6

Domains of Inquiry 7

Significance of the Study 8

Scope and Delimitation 9

Definition of Terms 10

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 12

Synthesis of the Review 24

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and viii
Character Development

Research Design 25

Sample and Informants and Selection 26

Research Instrument 27

Research Environment /Locale 28

Role of the Researcher & Adviser 29

Data Gathering Procedures 30

Qualitative Data Analysis 31

Rigor or Trustworthiness of the Study 34

Ethical Considerations 36

REFERENCES 42

APPENDICES 49

A Interview Protocol 49

B Letter Of Request To Validate The Questionnaire 51

C Letter To The Informants 54

D Consent Form 55

E Certification from the Grammarian 57

CURRICULUM VITAE 58
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and ix
Character Development

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

TABLES

1 Schedule of Interview 31

FIGURES

1 Flow of the Qualitative Inquiry and Analysis 7

2 Flow of Data Gathering and Analysis 33

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and
Character Development

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Spirituality is a significant and universal aspect of human experience. The specific

content of spiritual belief, practice, and experience varies, but all cultures have a concept of an

ultimate, transcendent, sacred, or divine force (Peterson and Seligman, 2004). Spirituality is

consistently defined by scientists as the search for, or communion with, the sacred (Pargament et

al., 2013). Religion and spirituality play important roles in the lives of many Americans. Overall,

68% of young adults ages 18-29 in the United States report that they believe in God, and 30%

report that they believe God hears people‘s prayers and can intervene (Jones, 2022). Earlier this

year, Gallup reported that 7.1% of surveyed Americans now identify as something other than

heterosexual or cisgender, a number that has more than doubled since 2012. And as our

community expands, the ways we identify and refer to ourselves have broadened, too — which is

just one reason we have initialisms like ―LGBTQ+‖. LGBTQ+ stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender, and queer and is often used as a succinct way to encapsulate the broad array of

sexualities, genders, and experiences that exist within our community (López, 2022).

Locally, religion plays a big role in the lives of the Filipinos especially under the Roman

Catholic Church. Over 80% of the Philippines population are all catholic. Thus, this religious

institution‘s beliefs and its influence on individuals continue to affect the lives of LGBT

Filipinos. Philippines Catholic church do not agree with the same sex marriage, Within and

beyond the confess of religion, same-sex marriage is often discussed and debated as a moral

issue, with opposition typically coming from a religious standpoint invoking God. But in a recent
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 2
Character Development

study by Jacob Poushter and Nicholas Kent (2020), increased economic development along with

shifts in religious and political attitudes have increased the acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender, queer, and non-binary people (LGBTQs). However, LGBTQ+ individuals have

employed religiousness and spirituality in a variety of ways as a means to cope with minority

stressors, such as delving into scriptural exegesis, seeking divine support through prayer,

engaging in spiritual development, finding supportive congregations, and connecting with online

support groups. Additionally, LGBTQ+ individuals have reported finding value in using religion

and spirituality to navigate various life stages and challenges, including understanding evolving

parent-child relationships during emerging adulthood, navigating parenthood, and fostering

fulfilling romantic relationship (Etengoff, 2023). Nevertheless, Catholicism has responded to

cultural changes and demands for inclusivity. Pope Francis hinted at these changes as early as

2013, with his famed ―Who am I to judge?‖ remark on gay clergymen. But even his attitude to

the LGBT community is complicated: he supports same-sex civil union, but opposes marriage

and gay priest joining the church. Gender theory for Pope Francis is a ―confused concept of

freedom,‖ but he welcomes LGBTQ individual into the faith and has taken the issue of

inclusivity much farther than any of his predecessors, ruffling orthodox feathers

The Philippines, with its relatively relaxed social norms on LGBT issues, chimes with the

Pope‘s message. If an LGBT person is visibly professing the faith, the Catholic laity finds them

―tolerable,‖ says Jayeel Cornelio, a sociologist of religion at Ateneo de Manila University. The

Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) stresses that it does not discriminate

against those like Gabriel (a proud gay man but also a devout Roman Catholic) who want to

serve. But the LGBT community is also expected ―not to change God‖ and Church doctrines,
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 3
Character Development

says Father Jerome Secillano, executive secretary of CBCP‘s public affairs committee: ―Rather,

they should change for God, the Church and its doctrines. And this is true for everyone, God is

here to guide the destinies of men. It is not the other way around.‖ Religiosity is associated with

positive mental health among the general population, the impact of religious affiliation on the

mental health of LGBTQs remains inconclusive. We observe that religion may be both a risk and

protective factor against suicide among religiously affiliated sexual minorities (Kralovec et al.,

2014). Guy Shilo and Riki Savaya (2011), show an association between low religiosity and

equally low levels of family and friends' support. David M. Barnes and Ilan H. Meyer (2012),

further asserts that 'non--affirming religions' are linked to greater levels of internalized

homophobia. Non-affirming religions who are unfavorable of LGBTQs tend to be proscriptive

against sexual minorities, condemn same-sex behavior, bar LGBTQs from leadership, and refuse

to recognize same-sex unions. In addition, much of the existing research on the intersection of

religious/spiritual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ) identities has

focused on conflicts in these identities (Footnote, 2013).

Therefore, this study dares to explore the spirituality of LGBTQ individuals and

understands its implications to their psychological and character development. Blosnich and

Andersen (2015) mentioned that LGBTQ individuals reported significantly higher mean totals of

adverse childhood experiences than their heterosexual peers. These pre-existing stressors, such

as sexual abuse, physical abuse and peer victimization, may exacerbate the poorer mental health

outcomes of LGBTQ people compared with heterosexual individuals. Finally, this study aims to

discover if spirituality has a significant impact among LGBTQ individuals and what are the

psychological implications it may provide to develop their character. One of our goals in
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 4
Character Development

conducting this study is to answer the question if being an LGBTQ member at the same time as

being a religious person has an impact on an individual's character development and if the

different issues the Catholic Church or any religion in the country has against the LGBTQ create

a big gap between these two different organizations or not.

Philosophical Underpinnings

The study is considered phenomenological as it explores the lived experiences of LGBTQ

individuals spirituality and its implications for their psychological and character development.

According to Perrine (2020), phenomenology seeks to describe the essence of a phenomenon by

exploring it with those who have experienced it. Phenomenology ―must bring to pure expression,

must describe in terms of their essential concepts, the essences that directly make themselves

known in intuition‖ (Husserl, 2001:86; emphasis in original). Phenomenology emphasizes the

importance of direct intuition in grasping the essence of the phenomenon, allowing researchers to

explore the richness and diversity of LGBTQ spiritualities.

This research, rooted in the philosophical tradition of Husserlian descriptive

phenomenology, is that of the lived human experience, and as such, he sought to reinstate the

human world as a foundation of science that brought justice to the everyday lived experience—

the going to the things themselves. Moreover, the rich and complex source of unspoken meaning

associated with being and experiencing shapes an individual‘s understanding of their life world

(Christensen et al., 2017). To Husserl, essences are the foundation for all other knowledge, and

phenomenological methodologies that draw on his work share his goal of describing these

essences (Gill, 2020). Thus, Husserlian descriptive phenomenology serves as a foundational

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 5
Character Development

framework for this research, grounding it in a tradition that values the richness and depth of the

human experience.

Utilizing Giorgi‘s (2003) model, it aims to uncover the meaning of a phenomenon as

experienced by a human through the identification of essential themes, as emphasized by

Koivisto et al. (2002). Central to Giorgi‘s phenomenological psychology is the lived experience

of individuals as it is recalled to consciousness (Giorgi, 1986, 2009). Phenomenology, according

to Ashworth (2003) is distinct features of the lifeworld comprising ―the meaning of one element

that is only understandable in relation to the situation as a whole". It is therefore important to

point out that most human experiences depend on the meaning individuals attach to a situation

(Isabirye et al., 2018). Additionally, this study adopts an objectivist approach, wherein the

researchers aim to provide an objective and comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon

under investigation. By incorporating important details, the researchers enhance the objectivity

and rigor of their approach, contributing to a more nuanced exploration of the lived experiences

of LGBTQ individuals within the studied context. Accordingly, objectivism is the view that

social entities exist externally to the social actors who are concerned with their existence

(Sheppard, 2020). Therefore, this supports the notion that the phenomenon under investigation

possesses an independent and objective existence beyond individual interpretations,

strengthening the researchers‘ commitment to an unbiased and thorough exploration of the

spirituality of the informants and its implications for their psychological and character

development.

Furthermore, this study is axiological in nature. According to Consultores (2021), this is

concerned with assessing the role of the researcher‘s own value in all phases of the research
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 6
Character Development

process, and this deals with nature and grasps the question of the value of what is intrinsically

worth. The inclusion of this dimension suggests that the researchers are not only interested in

describing and understanding the phenomenon but also in exploring the inherent values and

ethical implications associated with the experiences of the informants.

Finally, since this study is about exploring the informant‘s spirituality, psychological and

character development, it sheds light on their lived experiences. The researchers carefully

narrowed down the focus of the data, moving from general observations to very specific details.

This intentional narrowing helps ensure a closer alignment with the predetermined goals.

Integrating both Giorgi‘s model and the objectivism approach allows researchers to appreciate

both the objective and subjective dimensions of a phenomenon.

Theoretical Framework

This study will focus on finding suitable informants that are willing to participate in this

study, those individuals are members of LGBTQ Organization. LGBTQ compose of Lesbian,

Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and the Queer. This study will be using the Theory of Positive

Religious Spiritual Development (PRSD) Theory, to further expand our understanding of the

Spirituality of LGBTQ individuals and its Implications to their Psychological Development.

PRSD theory is a lifespan theory, and it recognizes R/S development as both continuous

(ongoing) and discontinuous (discrete) and as influenced both by nature and nurture (Overton,

2010). PRSD theory posits that positive R/S development involves contextually influenced,

bidirectional interaction among people‘s goal-relevant mental/neural representations, need-

 Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 7
Character Development

fulfilling relational experiences, well-integrated and contextually adaptive R/S habits, and

holistic well-being.

Descriptive
Essence & Meanings
Phenomenological
Psychology type by Perspective in
(Themes)
Giorgi Psychological and
character development in Captured from the
Implications,
terms of spirituality Lived Experiences of
LGBTQ Individuals;
Recommendations, &
captured from the lived
Analysis through
experiences of LGBTQ Reflections
Amedeo Giorgi‘s
Positive religious Individual at Surigao del Descriptive
Spiritual Norte Phenomenological
Development Method of Analysis.
(PRSD) Theory

Figure 1. Flow of the Qualitative Inquiry and Analysis on the Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals

and Its Implications to their Psychological and Character Development.

Domains of Inquiry

The main objective of this study was to explore lived experiences of the LGBTQ

individuals in Surigao del Norte and the implications of their Spirituality to their Psychological

and character development. From here, the study also was able to look into the perspectives of

informants whether the spiritual aspects of their life imply their psychological aspects and how it

develop their characters.

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 8
Character Development

Furthermore, the study sought to answer the following sub-questions:

1. What are the lived experiences of LGBTQ Individuals?

2. What essence and meanings can be derived from the informants‘ lived experiences?

3. What themes may be formulated from the informants‘ lived experiences?

4. Based on the analyzed data, what implications to the practitioners, psychology field,

theory, researchers, and informants may be drawn?

Significance of the Study

The generalization of this study has the potential to be a significant contribution to the

vast field of knowledge, fostering empathy, understanding, and positive growth for LBTQ

individuals and society as a whole. Furthermore, the results of this investigation could be highly

significant and beneficial for the following:

LGBTQ Communities. The findings of this study may offer validation, insight, and a

sense of belonging, fostering a deeper connection with their spiritual selves.

Educators and Policymakers. The data from this study may provide valuable insights

into the intersection of spirituality and LGBTQ identities, informing inclusive and supportive

educational practices and policies.

Religious Leaders and Communities. The results from this study might provide

communities and religious leaders with a better understanding of the spiritual needs and worries

of LGBTQ people. This could encourage communication and inclusivity in religious situations.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 9
Character Development

Psychologists and Therapists. The results of the study can help psychologists and

therapists who work with LGBTQ clients become more culturally competent, which will

improve their ability to properly address the spiritual aspects of their clients' lives in treatment.

This may result in more potent therapies that support identity integration and psychological

health.

Researchers. The study can serve as a foundational resource for further research on the

intersection of spirituality and LGBTQ identities. Researchers can build upon the findings to

deepen our understanding of how spirituality influences the psychological and character

development of LGBTQ individuals, leading to advancements in theory and practice.

Future Research. The results of this study will serve as a fundamental source for further

investigation, expanding on the insights this study generates to enhance our understanding of the

complex relationship between spirituality and the psychological and character development of

LGBTQ people.

Scope and Delimitation

This research focuses on finding out the spirituality of LGBTQ individuals and the

implications for their psychological and character development as individuals. The data

collection will be conducted primarily with LGBTQ individuals who are willing to participate in

this study. There are a total of ten (10) informants‘ that will represent the population. The other

individuals who are not part of the LGBTQ organization are not within the scope of this

research. The study would be done through a one-on-one interview with the willing informants.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 10
Character Development

Definition of Terms

For uniformity and clarity of understanding on the content and purpose of this research

study, the following terms are operationally defined:

Spirituality. It is a significant and universal aspect of the human experience. In this

study, we define spirituality as the spiritual belief, practice, and experiences of LGBTQ

individuals. Under this is the religion; religion plays a big role in the lives of the Filipinos,

especially under the Roman Catholic Church. Over 80% of the Philippine population is Catholic.

Thus, this religious institution‘s beliefs and its influence on individuals continue to affect the

lives of LGBTQ Filipinos.

Lived Experience. Qualitative phenomenological design of research refers to the

personal knowledge and experiences of LGBTQ individuals about the world they live in. These

personal knowledge and experiences are gained through their direct, face-to-face interaction, and

first-hand involvement in their everyday events rather than through representations constructed

by other people.

LGBTQ. It is an umbrella term for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer people

who are the informants in this study. The L, G, and B refer to sexual orientation, who a person

feels romantically and/or sexually attracted to. The T refers to gender identity and expression. Q

refers to queer in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, or relationships

and sexual practice, but it also represents a critical view of existing norms.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 11
Character Development

Psychological Development. It is the development of LGBTQ individuals‘ cognitive,

emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of their normal

life span, from infancy through old age. It is also the subject matter of the discipline known as

developmental psychology.

Character Development. It is a process that creates growth, progress, or positive change

in a person's character traits specifically in LGBTQ individuals. The purpose of character

development among LGBTQ individuals is to determine if there‘s a rise in the level of their

quality of life in relation to their spiritual and psychological aspect.

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and
Character Development

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

The exploration of spirituality among LGBTQ individuals has garnered increasing

attention in the fields of psychology and social sciences. Understanding how spirituality

intersects with sexual orientation and gender identity is crucial for comprehensively addressing

the holistic well-being of LGBTQ individuals. This portion reviews the literature, articles, and

studies related to the present study, and it aims to delve into the complexities of how spirituality

influences the psychological and character development of LGBTQ individuals, shedding light

on the unique challenges and opportunities that arise at this intersection. Through a critical

analysis of the literature, researchers aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the

intersection of spirituality, sexual orientation, and gender identity, offering insights that may

inform future research, clinical practice, and advocacy efforts in support of LGBTQ individuals.

Religion and Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals

Under this theme tackles the religiosity and spirituality of the LGBTQ individuals.

According to a proud gay Christian, "Being gay is not a sin...in the end, the Jesus I know always

chooses compassion over condemnation, and love over legalism – and that’s why I am a

Christian today." (Vines, 2014).

Spirituality can be expressed through religion. Furthermore, religion and spirituality play

a wide range of complex roles in the lives of young people. Studies have looked into how

religion affects the lives of socially marginalized groups, including lesbian, gay, bisexual,
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 13
Character Development

transgender, and queer people (LGBTQ). One would think that homosexual men and lesbians

would have little to do with spirituality since the majority of mainstream religions forbid

homosexuality in all its forms. However, because of their oppression, experts think that LGBTQ

people would particularly benefit from spiritual nourishment. A qualitative research conducted

by Timbers et al. (2023) has presented a dual-sided reality of the positive and negative influences

of religion in the lives of transgender and gender expansive individuals.

They investigate how transgender and gender expansive people are affected by good

experiences in faith communities using a phenomenological approach. They examine why

informants joined faith communities and what kept them there through inductive, thematic

analysis of interviews with nine transgender and gender expansive informants. Interpersonal

relationships, LGBTQ+ visibility, the significance of community in one's personal meaning-

making, and a connection to God were the four main factors that transgender and gender

expansive informants identified as having influenced them to look for a faith community.

Because of chances for involvement, significant anchoring events, and acceptance and

affirmation, transgender and gender expansive participants decided to remain in their faith

communities. Their study gives mental health professionals insights into the positive religious

experiences of transgender people and offers recommendations for assisting clients who are

balancing their identities as transgender people and religion.

On the same note, a qualitative study explored by Rostosky et al. (2017) looks into the

intersection of parenting and religiosity/spirituality in LGBTQ families, a domain that has been

extensively explored in heterosexual families but remains understudied in the context of LGBTQ

parenting. Based on an online survey with seventy-five LGBTQ participants, the research
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 14
Character Development

highlights three main themes that emphasize how LGBTQ parents' parenting practices are

shaped by their religiosity and spirituality. First of all, LGBTQ parents impart their values and

beliefs to their children through their religiosity and spirituality. Second, they use these

frameworks to encourage critical thinking and spiritual conversation, giving their kids the power

to make well-informed decisions about their own religion or spirituality. Finally, LGBTQ parents

use religion and/or spirituality to give their children a sense of community and to establish

connections with other people or a higher power.

The study emphasizes that LGBTQ parents use their religious and spiritual identities to

help their children develop in these areas, just like heterosexual parents do. It's significant

because it sheds light on the particular motives and tactics LGBTQ parents use to manage their

kids' spirituality and religiosity in the face of a stigmatizing society. In contrast to the top-down

transmission of beliefs seen in some literature, the discussion highlights the protective role

LGBTQ parents assume against harmful religious influences and suggests a bidirectional process

of family discussion and dialogue. The study indicates that LGBTQ parents who are actively

involved in religion or spirituality aim to be educators and facilitators of their children's spiritual

development, navigating stigma and discrimination in the process, despite limitations such as the

self-selected nature of participants. The results also show that LGBTQ parents value religious

and spiritual communities as helpful resources that counteract stigma and heterosexism in

society, which is an extension of earlier research. Essentially, the study illuminates the complex

ways in which LGBTQ parents incorporate religion or spirituality into their parenting styles,

highlighting the significance of encouraging religious communities for LGBTQ families dealing

with societal obstacles (Rostosky et al., 2017).

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 15
Character Development

Another study that focuses on the positive impact of religion and spirituality in the lives

of LGBTQ illustrates how Midwestern LGBTQ homeless young people interpret the role of

religion and spirituality in their lives. Schmitz & Woodell qualitatively investigate how twenty-

two LGBTQ homeless youth, ages 19 to 26, uniquely frame religion, spirituality, and religious

identity through an intersectional lens of their experiences. Their sample is drawn from this

population. Their research shows the various ways in which young adults from various

marginalized social groups understand religion within the particular social contexts in which they

find themselves. Many young people constructed religion and spirituality as sources of

resilience, emphasizing the positive effects of these practices in their lives. Some young adults

who identify as LGBTQ also talked about how religion frequently served as a catalyst for stigma

that impacted the participants' extremely delicate social settings and upbringings. The researchers

talk about the implications for service providers and how to improve policy (Schmitz &

Woodell, 2018).

In contrast to the studies mentioned above, Anderson and Carpenter (2022) explores the

impact of spirituality, rurality, and LGBTQ connectedness on outness and health quality among

self-identified gay and bisexual men aged 18 and older, using hierarchical linear regression

analyses from the Social Justice Sexuality Project survey. The findings show that while

spirituality was positively correlated with higher life quality, there was no discernible difference

in participants' levels of outness between those who lived in rural and non-rural areas. Moreover,

when compared to their gay counterparts, bisexual men endorsed noticeably lower levels of

outness. The paper discusses the implications for future research on the relationship between

spirituality and rurality and the health of sexual minorities.

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 16
Character Development

Additionally, Beagan and Hattie (2014) conducted qualitative interviews with thirty five

self-identified LGBTQ individuals, wherein their study delved into the LGBTQ experiences of

identity conflict, transitional processes, and the significance of spiritual or religious vocations.

Some underwent the transition at a very young age, while others did not until adulthood. A

considerable number of participants developed personal connections to spirituality, while others

gave up on all things spiritual. Some participants stuck to the faith traditions of their childhood,

while others picked up new ones. People who abandoned religions frequently lost their family

ties, community, rituals, faith, and certain religious vocations. There are three types of

occupational adaptation: modifying the definition of engagement, decreasing participation and

engagement, or changing the occupation itself. Participants who identified as spiritual worked in

both private and group settings. Spiritual practices, influenced by diverse paths, often led to

individualized practices. These occupations embodied openness, truth, honesty, authenticity, and

connection, transcending mundane life and fostering survival.

Furthermore, Wong et al. (2021) used a novel technique involving Zoom sessions with

ten participants, using voice clip recording to record 5 to 10 minute segments of participants'

everyday experiences connected to positive identity using the Experience Sampling Method

(ESM). Everyday activities like eating, walking, watching TV, praying, getting dressed,

meditating, reading, listening to music, or cleaning were considered by the participants. The

study emphasizes how these reflections are often connected to one's past, including experiences

of growth or hardship.

Unlike most qualitative research, this study highlights the different ways that people

relate to their identities and suggests that different configurations have different functions for
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 17
Character Development

different individuals. The study highlights the ways in which participants resist systems of

oppression and demonstrate how they develop agency and relationality in their day-to-day lives.

The study also emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend how spiritual and religious LGBTQ+

BIPOC people find moments of gratitude and presence in their daily lives, as this strengthens

positive identity experiences and cultivates relationships with others, the environment, and

oneself. In the end, the study sought to investigate the positive identity experiences that

LGBTQ+ BIPOC people have on a daily basis that have spiritual or religious components.

Lastly, a different study by Wright and Stern (2015) explores the connection between

spirituality, gender normative views, and the emergence of a negative sexual minority identity in

LGBT people. The study's hypothesis was that negative sexual minority identity and

heteronormative beliefs would both be negatively correlated with spirituality. Additionally, given

that the study included 109 adult participants who identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, the

researchers anticipated that heteronormativity would mediate the relationship between

spirituality and negative identity. The participants varied widely in terms of their racial/ethnic

background, gender, and marital status. Following Baron and Kenny's advice, the researchers

used a hierarchical regression approach for data analysis in order to test mediation in a linear

regression framework. Finally, the findings imply that spirituality might not serve as a safeguard

in this specific situation and might even be linked to unfavorable consequences due to its

association with heteronormative beliefs.

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 18
Character Development

LGBTQ Individuals Coming Out at the Intersection of Spirituality and Sexual Identity

Under this theme, coming out as an LGBTQ+ individual can be a complex and

multifaceted process, often involving navigating personal identity, societal expectations, and

internal conflicts. When spirituality is added to the equation, the journey becomes even more

intricate, as individuals grapple with reconciling their sexual identity with their religious or

spiritual beliefs.

This is supported by the study of Stewart and Gold (2024) that delves into the complex

relationship between spirituality and sexual identity for undergraduate lesbian, gay, and bisexual

students as they navigate the process of coming out. The study shows a rich tapestry of

responses, even though the sample is predominately white. These responses suggest that students

understand spirituality as acceptance, relationships with a powerful essence, and connections to

nature. At the nexus of spirituality and sexual identity, the participants display a wide range of

developmental stages, including irreconciliation, progressive development, arrested

development, completed development, and reconciliation. The study's findings imply that these

students value spiritual and sexual acceptance above historical difficulties with organized

religion's acceptance of LGBTQ people. The results highlight the significance of acknowledging

and providing assistance for the diverse developmental paths of LGBTQ students, underscoring

the necessity of prompt support from college counseling professionals, mentors, and religious

life specialists. The study highlights how these organizations have a duty to provide a welcoming

and encouraging atmosphere for students of all spiritual and sexual orientations. The research

supports a holistic approach to supporting the human, academic, and spiritual development of
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 19
Character Development

individuals navigating the intersectionality of sexual orientation and spirituality on college

campuses by recognizing the range of experiences and developmental stages.

Other study by Hinman & Lacefield (2020) stated that, gay men's lives can be impacted

by growing up in a conservative religious home. Those who identify as sexual minorities may

experience emotional, sexual, and even physical effects from their early religious upbringing.

People who work in religious occupations, such as teachers and pastors, can leave behind

profound wounds that endure a lifetime. Their lives are impacted and may become difficult as a

result of the collision of their spiritual and sexual identities. Many people struggle to find a

community that fully embraces both identities, and some people struggle with their religion.

Through the lens of being raised as Seventh-day Adventists and identifying as gay men,

researchers aimed to investigate how seven men navigated the process of identity formation and

integration for their sexual and spiritual selves. The study, which aims to enhance the results for

the education of counselors who will unavoidably work with members of the LGBTQ+

community, received its data from in-depth interviews.

In contrast to the study mentioned above, this literature review concentrates on the

LGBTQ community's experiences with coming out in their field of work as well as self-

acceptance, disclosure, and changing careers. According to the study of Meach (2017), one

occupation exclusive to this community is "coming out," which involves telling others about

one's gender identity or minority sexual orientation. The process of coming out is intricate and

multifaceted; it includes sharing one's orientation and identity with others as well as the

introspective, internal process of first accepting oneself. This occupation frequently causes a

great deal of occupational change involving occupational deprivation, marginalization,

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 20
Character Development

adaptation, and gain because of the stigmatized nature of LGBT orientations and identities. This

review also comes to the conclusion that the profession of "coming out" is complicated and

involves many different meanings and challenges, such as the subtleties of accepting oneself,

navigating social interactions, and changing careers. "Coming out" has an impact on community

involvement and engagement in a range of professions. The procedure varies greatly based on

the involved person's orientation as well as the social and cultural context in which they

live. Since "coming out" involves action, reflection, change, and adaptation, it demonstrates

many aspects of the processes of doing, being, becoming, and belonging. In the end, it has a

significant impact on social relationships with others in both positive and negative ways (Hitch.,

2014).

Psychological Well-being Among Religious LGBTQ Individuals

The relationship between religious beliefs, sexual identity, and psychological well-being

among LGBTQ individuals is a multifaceted and nuanced topic, with research revealing a

dynamic interplay of factors impacting individuals' experiences. Studies by Boppana & Gross

(2019) and Platero & López-Sáez (2020) show lower depression and higher eudaimonic well-

being among LGBTQ individuals in affirming churches.

According to Boppana and Gross (2019), higher levels of eudaimonic well-being and

lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were linked to religiosity. Individuals who

assessed their church as accepting of homosexuality showed higher levels of eudaimonic well-

being and lower levels of depression and internalized homonegativity than those who rated their

church as rejecting homosexuality. Church attendance appears to have a greater influence on the
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 21
Character Development

relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being than other religious practices, as

evidenced by moderation analyses that showed it to moderate the relationship between religiosity

and psychological well-being at moderate to high levels of church attendance. The results of the

analyses showed that the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being was not

moderated by church type or internalized homonegativity.

In relation to this, Barringer and Gay (2017) analyzes the impact of religion on reported

levels of subjective well-being (general happiness) among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender

(LGBT) adults. Although previous studies find religious affiliation to be a significant predictor

of subjective well-being among the general population in the United States, limited quantitative

research investigates general happiness among sexual and gender minorities. This study

augments the existing literature by using a national survey of LGBT adults conducted by the Pew

Research Center in 2013. The results show that religious affiliation is a significant predictor of

LGBT individuals' happiness. LGBT individuals who identify as Catholic, agnostic or atheist, or

with no particular religious affiliation report lower levels of happiness compared to mainline

Protestants. Surprisingly, no significant differences are found between mainline Protestants

(whose church doctrine often accepts same-sex relations) and evangelical Protestants (whose

church doctrine often condemns same-sex relations). In addition, income is the only control

variable that affects general happiness. Our analysis reveals interesting differences in the

determinants of subjective well-being between the LGBT and general population.

In the same commentary, another study offers a comparison of the demographic

features and lived experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals with religious,

spiritual, or atheist (R/S/A) belief systems. In this sample of two hundred twelve participants,
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 22
Character Development

the relationship of participants‘ R/S/A beliefs to personal variables (e.g., age, gender, race),

mental health variables (e.g., life satisfaction, psychological distress, internalized heterosexism,

self-esteem), and relational variables (e.g., outness, connection to LGBTQ communities) were

assessed. Correlational analyses indicated that level of R/S/A belief was unrelated to self-esteem,

life satisfaction, or psychological distress; however, greater religious belief was correlated

positively and significantly with internalized heterosexism and outness as LGB. To test the

interactions of R/S/A beliefs and categorical variables of interest (e.g., race), log-linear analyses

with follow-up chi-square tests were conducted. Findings suggested more similarities than

differences for LGB people across R/S/A systems of belief (Foster et al., 2017).

As emphasized by study explored by Meanley et al. (2016), where their study explores

the intricate relationship between religiosity, spirituality, and psychological well-being among

young gay and bisexual men (YGBM), recognizing the potential conflicts arising from the

intersection of religious identity and sexual orientation. It highlights that a substantial majority of

YGBM identify as religious or spiritual, with spirituality often serving as a coping mechanism.

Additionally, the findings reveal a nuanced connection between different components of

religiosity (participation, commitment) and spirituality and various markers of psychological

well-being (life purpose, self-esteem, internalized homophobia).

Interestingly, the study notes that religious participation and commitment are negatively

associated with psychological well-being among YGBM, suggesting potential tensions or

challenges within religious communities. In contrast, spiritual coping emerges as a positive

factor linked to improved psychological well-being. The discussion emphasizes the mental health

disparities faced by sexual minority youth, particularly young men who have sex with men, and
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 23
Character Development

underscores the importance of addressing these disparities through sexuality-affirming resources

and support programs.

Another study conducted by Lomash et al. (2018) explores the experience of LGBTQ

individuals within religious and spiritual contexts, specifically focusing on microaggressions

they face. "Microaggressions" refer to subtle, often unintentional discriminatory actions or

comments that communicate negative attitudes or assumptions towards marginalized groups.

"Love the sinner, hate the sin," is a common phrase which is often used in religious discourse

regarding LGBTQ individuals. This phrase encapsulates a complex attitude where individuals

claim to show love and acceptance towards LGBTQ individuals while simultaneously

condemning their perceived "sinful" behavior. They likely analyze how such microaggressions

manifest within religious and spiritual communities, their impact on LGBTQ individuals' well-

being and sense of belonging, and potential strategies for addressing and mitigating these

microaggressions.

Lastly, the study conducted by Ungaro (2024) addressed the little-known experiences of

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students at faith-based colleges that

affect attitudes and perseverance. Despite the fact that educational institutions are dedicated to

the development of their students, LGBTQ students frequently face discrimination and stigma

because of their religion. LGBTQ students now have a voice to share experiences that influence

how people perceive the campus climate, persistence strategies, and suggestions to improve

institutional inclusivity thanks to this qualitative phenomenological research.

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 24
Character Development

Synthesis of the Review. The cited related literature, articles, and studies provides

insightful analysis to the researchers as they critique others' works. These literature, articles, and

studies on the spirituality of LGBTQ individuals reveals a complex interplay between personal

beliefs, sexual orientation, and gender identity, with significant implications for psychological

well-being and character development. Across studies, a recurring theme emerges regarding the

role of spirituality as both a source of resilience and a source of conflict for LGBTQ individuals.

While existing studies have examined the intersection of spirituality and LGBTQ identities from

various perspectives, this study seeks to offer a unique contribution by focusing specifically on

the implications of spirituality for the psychological and character development of LGBTQ

individuals. Unlike previous research, this study aims to bridge the gap between spirituality,

psychology, and personal growth within the LGBTQ community. The main differences between

this current research and the sources referenced lie in its approach, methodology, and informants.

This study, which is phenomenological in nature, seeks to explore the viewpoints of LGBTQ

individuals in the local setting of Surigao City and Siargao Islands, regarding their spirituality.

The informants in this study share stories of resilience, empowerment, and personal growth

within the LGBTQ community. By emphasizing how spirituality can positively impact mental

health and personal growth, this research aims to challenge stereotypes and foster a more

inclusive perception of the lived experiences of LGBTQ individuals

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and
Character Development

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This section of the study covered the following topics: research design, research

instrument, research informants and selection, research environment, role of the researchers, data

gathering, qualitative data analysis, rigor or trustworthiness of the study, and ethical

considerations.

Research design

This study utilized the descriptive phenomenological type of study employing

Husserlian‘s method modified by Giorgi (2009). The descriptive phenomenological approach is

employed when only few is known about a subject matter and the goal of the study is to dare to

explore and clearly understand the most crucial meaning of a phenomenon of interest from the

viewpoint of those directly involved in such phenomenon or in other words the actual human

experiences (Giorgi, 1997). Further, Giorgi acknowledges ―The fact that the descriptions come

from others could be challenged from a phenomenological perspective … but the descriptions

provided by the experiencers are an opening into the world of the other that is shareable'' (Giorgi,

2009, p. 96). The use of Geiorgi‘s phenomenological design is appropriate in this study for the

researchers to reach their desired goals as it allows the LGBTQ individuals in Surigao City and

Siargao Islands express themselves, their faith, and their lived experiences without any judgment

and/or prosecution, only empathy and active listening. This qualitative research design will be

used considering the main objective and purpose of this research which is to examine the

individual‘s whole experience, not simply looking at specific parts. It is commonly used to

understand people's experience and to express their perspectives (ipl.org, 2021). For Giorgi
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 26
Character Development

(2009), the operative word in phenomenological research is ‗describe‗. The aim of the researcher

is to describe as accurately as possible the phenomenon, refraining from any pre-given

framework, but remaining true to the facts. Husserl's philosophical phenomenology provided a

point of departure for Alfred Schultz who turned it ―toward the ways in which ordinary members

of society attend to their everyday lives‖' (Gubrium & Holstein, 2000, pp. 488–489). A

researcher applying phenomenology is concerned with the lived experiences of the people

(Greene et al., 1997) and wants to deeply understand the existing phenomenon faced by the

LGBTQ individuals at Surigao City and Siargao Islands regarding their spirituality and what are

its implications to their psychological and character development.

The data is conveyed to the researchers through the sharing of personal stories,

narratives, and spoken accounts. This phenomenological study focuses on delving into the

unique lived experiences of LGBTQ individuals in Surigao City and Siargao Islands, specifically

exploring how their spirituality shapes their psychological well-being and character

development.

Research Instrument

The primary instrument for this study are the researchers themselves, who utilized a

researcher-made interview guide containing semi-structured questions. These questions are

designed to prompt informants to describe their lived experiences as members of the LGBTQ

community, particularly in relation to their spirituality and how it influences their psychological

and character development. The interview guide encourages informants to provide a

comprehensive account of their experiences, including their faith, feelings, thoughts, memories,

and stream of consciousness, along with a description of the circumstances in which these

experiences occur.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 27
Character Development

The researcher-made interview guide will undergo a content validity process, involving

three professional experts in the qualitative method of inquiry. These validators are professors in

the College Department of the University, possessing an undeniable expertise in qualitative

research. One of the validators also serves as a research adviser at St. Paul University Surigao.

This interview guide will be employed for face-to-face interviews with qualified

informants. Additionally, observations and field notes will be utilized as methods for data

collection, serving as guides for the researchers during the qualitative data analysis process.

Research Informants and Selection

Utilizing the purposive sampling method, researchers will select at least ten (10) self-

identified LGBTQ individuals residing in Surigao del Norte, specifically in Surigao City and

Siargao Islands. The chosen age range for informants in this study is between 18 and 43 years

old, encompassing individuals from Gen Z (born between 1997 and 2012) and the Millennial

generation (born between 1981 and 1996). The selection of individuals aged 18 to 43 is based on

various considerations. Eighteen is the legal age for providing informed consent, ensuring that

informants can make autonomous decisions regarding their involvement. Additionally,

individuals in this age range often experience a mix of excitement and uncertainty as they

transition into adulthood and begin shaping their own life choices, including their spiritual

beliefs. Furthermore, the upper limit of 43 years old was chosen because individuals in this age

group typically have accumulated significant life experiences that can influence their spiritual,

psychological, and character development. Some informants may have established a sense of

fulfillment and stability in their lives, while others may be navigating challenges that impact

their beliefs and spirituality. Overall, the age range selected for informants aims to capture a

diverse range of perspectives and experiences related to spirituality and personal development.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 28
Character Development

Moreover, purposive sampling is a non-probability method for obtaining a sample where

researchers use their expertise to choose specific informants that will help the study meet its

goals. In other words, the researchers picked the informants ―on purpose‖ (Frost, 2022). This

approach is appropriate for phenomenological studies like this because the informants must have

experienced a particular phenomenon.

Hence, this study chose at least ten (10) informants based on the following inclusion

criteria:

a.) A self-identified LGBTQ individual living in Surigao del Norte, specifically in

Surigao City and Siargao Islands;

b) A religious member of LGBTQ community;

c) A self-identified LGBTQ individual aged 18 to 43; and

d) A self-identified LGBTQ individual who is willing to participate and give informed

consent.

Here, the researchers agreed that careful consideration of informant‘s anonymity is an

important aspect of qualitative research (Morse, 2000).

Research Environment

The research environment is in Surigao del Norte, specifically in Surigao City and the

Siargao Islands. In Surigao City, there are numerous LGBTQ individuals who are also active

members of religious communities, practicing their faith and actively participating in both

communities. Additionally, the Siargao Islands are known for fostering an open-minded
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 29
Character Development

environment, with a multitude of LGBTQ activities, including well-supported beauty pageants

embraced by the community.

The researchers chose these locations because they believe they provide the optimal

setting for this study. In both places, the LGBTQ individuals enjoy a visible level of freedom to

express themselves, supported by the Local Government Unit, as long as their activities adhere to

legal standards. The researchers have observed the beauty of the LGBTQ community, witnessing

their ability to express unique identities while concurrently practicing their faith, devotion, and

love for the Lord.

Role of the Researcher

The researchers are required to introduce the topic of their study. During the face-to-face

interview, the grand tour question should be understandable and comprehensive for the

informants to give the proper response. It is the responsibility of the researchers to inform their

informants about the purpose of the study and to ensure that they are comfortable with the

questions that they will ask about. The researchers act as interviewers, and the informants are the

interviewees. As interviewers, they need to be open-minded and empathetic in receiving every

bit of information that will make the interviewees feel validated.

Furthermore, to have better and more productive communication, the interviewers should

establish a welcoming and friendly atmosphere for the interviewees to feel at ease during the

whole duration of the interview. The interviewers let the interviewees choose their preferred area

where they can freely open up and share their beliefs, feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 30
Character Development

Data Gathering Procedures

The main way for the researchers to gather data is through in-person phenomenological

interviews, which will be conducted in the locale of the study and in the preferred area of the

interviewee. Following the standard and ethical procedures, the researchers drafted informed

consent forms for informants, seeking their permission before conducting interviews. After

obtaining approval, the interviews will then take place. Prior to each interview, the researchers

reiterated the ethical principles outlined in the consent forms. And throughout the interviews,

informants will be asked overarching questions to explore their deep living experiences.

The process involved jotting down notes and recording informants' responses on their

spirituality as LGBTQ individuals using a mobile recorder. Interviews will be conducted in a

conversational manner, starting with a broad question aimed at encouraging informants to share

their lived experiences. Following each recorded response, the researcher transcribed the

information provided by the informants. The grand tour question is carefully designed to elicit

detailed memories and emotions from the informants, focusing on the phenomenon of interest

which is their spirituality. Additionally, the researchers relied on observation and field notes to

capture the demeanor, expressions, and other details from the informants that are not able to be

captured by mobile recorder during the face-to-face interviews.

These notes will serve as documentation of events, conversations, observed behaviors,

and the researcher's reflections during the interviews. Data interpretation is then guided by inter-

objective analysis. Each interview is estimated to last approximately one hour and centered on

the informants' lived experiences, challenges, and spiritual journey as they navigate their

identities. The researchers will ensure confidentiality and privacy during all interviews, treating

them as closed conversations, meaning whatever information shared should only be between the
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 31
Character Development

researchers and the informant and will never be shared to others. The use of a well-crafted grand

tour question, approved by the informants, will ensure that the discussions addressed key topics

relevant to the study's objectives. This approach aligns with Boyce's (2006) notion of in-depth

interviewing, emphasizing intensive individual interviews with a small group of informants to

explore their perspectives on specific concepts, ideas, or scenarios.

The following are the estimated schedules of interviews:

Day Informants Date Estimated Time Location

1 Peter and John May 31 9:00-11:30pm 2:00-4:30pm Surigao City

(Friday)

2 Jude and Paul June 1 9:00am-11:30m 2:00pm- Surigao City

(Saturday) 4:30pm

3 Therese June 3 2:30-4:00pm Surigao City

(Monday)

4 Catherine June 6 10:30-11:40am Siargao

(Thursday) 2:00-4:30pm Island

5 Mary and Joseph June 7 10:30-11:40am Siargao

(Friday) 2:00-4:30pm Island

6 Francis and June8 3:00-4:40pm Siargao

Lorenzo (Saturday) Island

Table 1. The Schedule of the Interview

Qualitative Data Analysis

In this study, the researchers used thematic analysis to analyze the data on the spontaneity

of the LGBTQ community and its implications to their psychological and character development.

The researchers will then transcribe and type the data into a computer file for analysis. At least

ten informants were assigned with pseudonyms that are based on the recognized saints in Roman
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 32
Character Development

Catholicism. The pseudonyms are as follows: Peter, John, Jude, Paul, Therese, Catherine,

Mary, Joseph, Francis, and Lorenzo. Further, the collected data through face-to-face

interviews will be transcribed to identify the categories based on the answers of the informants.

To be followed by the classification of the data based on the code, then after coding the process,

the researchers will make it into themes. And from each theme, the researchers now start to write

some interpretations of the findings.

Finally, this study adopts Giorgi‘s phenomenological method of analysis six steps:

1. Collecting and descriptive phenomenological data. Researchers gather data through

various methods like interviews, observations, or written accounts.

2. Reading whole descriptions. Researchers immerse themselves in the collected data,

reading and re-reading to gain a deep understanding of the informant‘s experiences.

3. Breaking description into meaning units. Each meaning unit represents a specific

aspect or element of the phenomenon being studied.

4. Transforming meaning unit. This step involves reflecting on the meaning of each unit

and considering how it contributes to the overall understanding of the phenomenon.

5. Identify the essential structure of the phenomenon. Researchers identify common

themes, patterns, or structures that emerge from the transformed meaning units.

6. Integrating features into the essential structure of the phenomenon. This step involves

organizing and integrating the findings to create a meaningful representation of the

phenomenon as experienced by the informants.

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 33
Character Development

According to Koivisto et al. (2002) the phenomenological method of analysis proposed by Giorgi

provides the investigator with a framework within which the researcher can follow the process of

analysis in detail. This makes the process of analyzing qualitative data more clear-cut and

systematic and gives it a specific direction.

Figure 2: Flow of the Data Gathering and Analysis by Amedeo Giorgi (2009)

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Concrete-steps-in-Giorgis-

phenomenological-method_fig1_346915792
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 34
Character Development

Rigor or Trustworthiness of the Study

Rigor or trustworthiness, according to Ayton (2023), refers to how researchers

demonstrate the quality of their research. It is an umbrella term for several strategies and

approaches that recognize the influence of multiple realities on qualitative research. Rourke and

Anderson (2004) emphasized that the demonstration of the trustworthiness of data collection is

one aspect that supports a researcher‘s ultimate argument concerning the trustworthiness of a

study. In this study, the researchers employed procedures and criteria to ensure and consider that

the study is commendable to readers. It was highlighted by Lincoln & Guba (1985) that the aim

of trustworthiness in a qualitative inquiry is to support the argument that the inquiry‘s findings

are ―worth paying attention to." Guba and Lincoln (1989) propose that the research should

satisfy four criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability (Maher et al.,

2018). By applying the established trustworthiness evaluation standards by Guba and Lincoln

(1985), the quality of this study was guaranteed.

Credibility. According to Lincoln & Guba (1985), credibility refers to the degree to

which a study‘s findings represent the meanings of the research informants. Padgett (2008)

explains that, to achieve credibility, qualitative research must manage the risk of research

reactivity and bias. In this context, the researchers implemented a set of rigorous tools and

strategies during the interview process to mitigate bias and enhance the credibility of the study.

These tools were designed to create an environment that minimized the influence of external

factors on informants' responses, ensuring a more authentic and unbiased representation of their

perspectives. Polit and Beck (2012) stressed that credibility deals with the focus of the research

and refers to confidence in how well the data address the intended focus. Thus, the researcher
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 35
Character Development

should put a lot of thought into how to collect the most suitable data for content analysis (Elo et

al., 2014).

Transferability. Sandelowski (1986) refers to this concept as "fittingness,‖ suggesting

transferability has to do with the degree to which findings fit situations outside of the study and

are found meaningful. Lincoln & Guba (1985) clarified that transferability refers to the degree to

which the findings are applicable or useful to theory, practice, and future research. To ensure that

this study is transferable, the researchers offered detailed descriptions of their methodology, data

collection techniques, and analytical processes. As Devers (1999) suggests, for findings to

achieve transferability, ―the contexts must be similar. Therefore, it is the role of the researcher to

identify key aspects of the context from which the findings emerge and the extent to which they

may be applicable to other contexts." Therefore, as researchers seek to achieve transferability,

thick descriptions are again relevant, allowing readers to understand how findings may be

applicable to other settings (Creswell & Miller, 2000; Lincoln & Guba, 1986; Shenton, 2004).

Dependability. As outlined by Johnson et al. (2020), dependability refers to the

researcher's obligation to describe the study process with sufficient detail to facilitate replication.

In this study, the researchers upheld this principle by consistently applying Giorgi's method for

data analysis throughout the research process. In this context, dependability is defined as the

stability of data over time and under different conditions (Elo et al., 2020). Furthermore, the

assurance of dependability in this study was achieved through the accurate documentation of

research procedures. Every step of the study, including the specific techniques used in data

analysis, the standardized protocols adhered to during interviews, and the consistent methods

applied for transcription, was rigorously recorded. These detailed records not only serve as a
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 36
Character Development

comprehensive guide for the current study but also act as a roadmap for future researchers,

enabling them to replicate the study with precision.

Confirmability. As emphasized by Drisko (1997) and Lincoln & Guba (1985),

confirmability refers to the ability of others to confirm or corroborate the findings. Shenton

(2004) asserts that ―steps must be taken to help ensure, as far as possible, that the work‘s

findings are the result of the experiences and ideas of the informants rather than the

characteristics and preferences of the researcher." According to Lietz & Zayas (2010), to achieve

confirmability, a study must demonstrate that the findings and data are clearly linked. In this

study, the researchers applied accurate strategies to collect and analyze the data. The data

collection process was designed to capture the genuine experiences and perspectives of the study

informants. In doing so, the researchers actively suspended judgments, stimulating an unbiased

approach to information gathering. This ensures that the reported findings are rooted in the

genuine insights of the informants rather than being tainted by preconceived notions.

Ethical Considerations

In conducting research, ethical considerations are demonstrated by avoiding any

unnecessary harm to informants. Researchers refrain from using deception and ensure that all

informants provide informed consent. Additionally, ethical considerations are upheld by

prioritizing the preservation of privacy and confidentiality whenever feasible. In qualitative

research, maintaining confidentiality poses challenges due to the in-depth descriptions used to

present and analyze findings. It's essential to address confidentiality concerns not only regarding

individual informants but also concerning the research locations. Safeguarding the privacy and

anonymity of informants and research settings is crucial to uphold ethical standards and protect

the identities of those involved in the study.

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 37
Character Development

Nevertheless, researchers prioritized maintaining confidentiality to protect informants'

identities. They respect the informants' autonomy by offering them the choice of non

confidentiality, allowing them to refuse nondisclosure of their identity. This ethical approach

aligns with their commitment to respecting informants' rights and preferences. By navigating the

implications of confidentiality and non confidentiality within their ethical framework,

researchers aim to uphold transparency and ethical standards in this research (Giordano et al.,

2007).

In this study, the researcher applied ethical standards in the research process, particularly

during data collection. Three fundamental principles were adhered to: respecting individuals,

promoting well-being, and upholding fairness and equality. In the context of respecting

individuals, two ethical principles will be emphasized: firstly, the importance of treating

individuals as autonomous beings; and secondly, the recognition that individuals with limited

autonomy should receive protection. To promote well-being, informants were ethically treated

by respecting their choices, ensuring their safety, and actively working to enhance their well-

being. Two key guidelines will be followed to promote well-being: first, to prevent harm, and

second, to maximize benefits while minimizing potential harm.

Protection of Human Rights. It is a crucial aspect of this research, with specific

standards in place to ensure its ethical integrity. Throughout the research process, principles of

respect for individuals, fairness, and beneficence have been consistently upheld.

Respecting Individuals. It involves adhering to at least two ethical principles: firstly,

recognizing individuals as autonomous agents, and secondly, providing protection for those with

limited autonomy. This was essential to guarantee the full autonomy of the informants in this
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 38
Character Development

study. Informed consent was made mandatory, ensuring that no key participant could take part in

the study without giving voluntary consent.

Promoting Well-being. It was a key focus in this research. Individuals were ethically

treated by not only respecting their choices and ensuring their safety but also by actively working

to enhance their well-being. As this study is non-experimental and does not involve testing on

live subjects, no additional procedures or therapies were conducted.

Justice. In this context, it pertains to the fair distribution of both the burdens and benefits

of the study. It is crucial to ensure that one group in society does not bear the costs of the study

while another group reaps its rewards.

Transparency. In the context of a research study conducted as part of a Bachelor of

Science in Psychology program, transparency was maintained by sharing copies of the

manuscript with the relevant departments such as the University Library and College Department

Research & Institutional Development.. Additionally, there are intentions to present the research

findings in a future forum that will involve agencies and groups both on and off-campus who can

gain insights from the study.

Risk-Benefit Ratio Determination

Risks. In this research conducted within a Bachelor of Science in Psychology

undergraduate program, the risks were minimal as the methodology primarily involved

interviews. The potential harm or discomfort expected in this study was not significant compared

to what individuals typically encounter in their daily lives, workplaces, or during psychological

and physiological assessments. Essentially, the study posed minimal risks to the informants, with

no financial costs imposed on key informants. Their identities and personal information were not
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 39
Character Development

disclosed in the research output, ensuring that there was no economic or overall harm to the

informants.

Benefits. LGBTQ individuals' spiritual beliefs and practices play a significant role in

their psychological and character development. By acknowledging and respecting their personal

convictions and beliefs, this study ensures that LGBTQ individuals are not harmed and that their

spiritual identities are valued. Political and spiritual leaders, and LGBTQ community can benefit

from understanding how spirituality influences the psychological and character development of

LGBTQ individuals. This knowledge can help institutions improve their support for LGBTQ

individuals and create inclusive environments that foster their well-being and personal growth.

Content, Comprehension, and Documentation of Informed Consent

The researcher has effectively communicated with the research informants by providing them

with detailed information about the study. By outlining the study's objectives and purpose

clearly, the consent includes the following:

The Study Description. It outlined the primary goals and intentions of the research, assuring

informants that their provided information would be utilized exclusively for the study's intended

purposes. This section explicitly stated that the type of data to be gathered from informants

would be qualitative in nature, obtained through interview processes conducted within specified

time duration, thereby highlighting the level of engagement expected during the interaction

phase.

Risks and Benefits. Informants were oriented about the potential risks such

as vulnerability of informants, and potential stigmatization or discrimination. It's essential to

address these risks through confidentiality, sensitivity, informed consent, and privacy protection
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 40
Character Development

to ensure participant well-being. However, the study also offers benefits into how spirituality

influences the psychological well-being of LGBTQ individuals, providing a deeper

understanding of their experiences. Participation can empower LGBTQ individuals to share their

spiritual journeys, fostering validation and affirmation. The findings could inform the

development of tailored support services for LGBTQ individuals dealing with spirituality,

enhancing inclusivity and support in mental health and social services. By carefully balancing

these risks and benefits, researchers can conduct the study ethically and promote understanding

and respect for the diverse experiences of LGBTQ individuals.

Confidentiality. The study ensured that all information collected was kept confidential,

guaranteeing that no participant could be identified with their personal details when the study

was shared, published, or used. Informants' privacy was protected to the fullest extent permitted

by law, even though no personal or in-depth information was gathered from them.

Voluntary Participation and Right to Withdraw. In this study, informants volunteered to

take part, understanding that their involvement was optional. They were informed that they could

opt out at any time, even after initially agreeing to participate, with their data remaining part of

the study. Additionally, informants had the freedom to choose not to answer any question or to

withdraw from the study at any point.

Contact Information. In case of any need for clarifications, comments, or complaints

regarding specific aspects of the research or topics discussed during the interview process,

informants were provided with information about the researchers. If informants had additional

inquiries or questions about the study, they could contact any of the researchers at the phone

numbers +639195841229, +639485134537, or +639652531914, through emails at

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 41
Character Development

[email protected], [email protected], or [email protected],

or meet them personally at St. Paul University Surigao if required.

Authorization to Access Private Information. Throughout the research process, no

private data or archives were accessed. Data collection methods solely involved interviews with

observations and field notes, which were included in the research manuscript.

Privacy and Confidentiality during the Data Gathering Procedure. Information from

informants was gathered through face-to-face interviews. All interview responses were securely

stored, and they will be shredded and/or deleted for disposal within three to five years after the

study concludes. If informants decide to withdraw from the study, their interview responses will

be promptly shredded.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 42
Character Development

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Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 49
Character Development

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

INTERVIEW PROTOCOL

Interview Guide Questions (responses to be recorded in audio or video mode type):

1. Grand Tour Question: What are your experiences as an LGBTQ particularly pertaining to

spiritual practices?

1.1 What are your thoughts and feelings about LGBTQ?

1.2 What are your thoughts and feelings about spirituality?
1.3 What are your challenges as an LGBTQ individual?
1.4 What are your coping strategies in order to address your challenges as an LGBTQ
Individual?
1.5 What aspect (s) of your experience as an LGBTQ individual do you find meaningful?
1.6 Is there anything that you would like to add?

Surigaonon Translation:

1. Uno may imo mga kaagi isip isa ka LGBTQ indibidwal, hilabi na sa spiritwal na

praktisis?

1.1 Umay imo mahunahunaan ug bation mahitongud sa LGBTQ?

1.2 Umay imo mahunahunaan ug bation mahitungud sa Ispiritwalidad?

1.3 Unsa man ang imong mga pagsuway isip usa ka indibidwal nga LGBTQ?

1.4 Umay imo mga estratihiya aron ma hibawan ug makalahutay kaw sa imong mga pagsuway
isip usa ka LGBTQ nga indibidwal?

1.5 Uman na (mga) aspeto sa imong kaagi isip usa ka LGBTQ nga indibidwal ang imong nakita
nga makahuluganon?
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 50
Character Development

1.6 Basi jaoy pa imo gusto ma idugang?

Research Questions Interview Guides: Order of questions in the

conduct of interview:

1. What are the lived experiences of 1. What are your 1. What are your thoughts
LGBTQ individuals? experiences as an LGBTQ and feelings about
particularly pertaining to LGBTQ?
spiritual practices?
2. What are your thoughts
1.1 What are your thoughts and feelings about
and feelings about LGBTQ? spirituality?

1.2 What are your thoughts 3. What are your challenges

and feelings about as an LGBTQ individual?
spirituality?
1.3 What are your 4. What are your coping
challenges as an LGBTQ strategies in order to
individual? address your challenges as
1.4 What are your coping an LGBTQ individual?
strategies in order to
address your challenges as 5. What aspect (s) of your
an LGBTQ individual? experience as an LGBTQ
1.6. Is there anything that individual do you find
you would like to add? meaningful?

2. What essence and meanings can 1.5 What aspect (s) of your 6. Is there anything that you
be derived from the informants‘? experience as an LGBTQ would like to add?
individual do you find
meaningful?

3. What themes may be formulated

from these informants‘ lived
experiences?

4. Based on the analyzed data, what

implications to the practitioners,
psychology field, theory,
researchers, and informants may be
drawn?
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 51
Character Development

APPENDIX B

LETTER OF REQUEST TO VALIDATE THE INSTRUMENT

Date: _____________________________

Validator: _____________________________

College of Health Sciences

Cor, San Nicolas and Rizal Street

Surigao City, Surigao Del Norte, 8400

Dear _____________________________

Pauline peace to you!

We are in the process of conducting a study entitled, “SPIRITUALITY OF LGBTQ

INDIVIDUALS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Psychology. The aim of this study is to delve into the lived experiences of
LGBTQ individuals regarding their spirituality and to explore the resulting implications on their
psychological and character development. Specifically, our study is focused on the communities
in Surigao City and Siargao Island.

Knowing your expertise, may we request you in your most valuable time to validate the research
questionnaire. The pertinent supporting study documentations are herein attached for your clear
understanding and guidance as you validate the research instruments.

We are hoping for your favorable response in our sincere request. Your approvable and
efforts will mean a lot to our success in this academic endeavor. Thank you so much and may
God bless all our endeavors.

Respectfully yours,

ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO GEMA R. SULAPAS ANGELINE L. TEMPLA

Researcher Researcher Researcher

Noted by: Approved by:

DR. NIKKO T. EDERIO _____________________________

Adviser Validator
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 52
Character Development

Interview Guide Questions (responses to be recorded in audio or video mode type):

1. Grand Tour Question: What are your experiences as an LGBTQ particularly pertaining to

spiritual practices?

1.1 What are your thoughts and feelings about LGBTQ?

1.2 What are your thoughts and feelings about spirituality?
1.3 What are your challenges as an LGBTQ individual?
1.4 What are your coping strategies in order to address your challenges as an LGBTQ
Individual?
1.5 What aspect (s) of your experience as an LGBTQ individual do you find meaningful?
1.6 Is there anything that you would like to add?

Surigaonon Translation:

1. Uno may imo mga kaagi isip isa ka LGBTQ indibidwal, hilabi na sa spiritwal na
praktisis?
1.1 Umay imo mahunahunaan ug bation mahitongud sa LGBTQ?

1.2 Umay imo mahunahunaan ug bation mahitungud sa Ispiritwalidad?

1.3 Unsa man ang imong mga pagsuway isip usa ka indibidwal nga LGBTQ?

1.4 Umay imo mga estratihiya aron ma hibawan ug makalahutay kaw sa imong mga pagsuway
isip usa ka LGBTQ nga indibidwal?

1.5 Uman na (mga) aspeto sa imong kaagi isip usa ka LGBTQ nga indibidwal ang imong nakita
nga makahuluganon?

1.6 Basi jaoy pa imo gusto ma idugang?

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 53
Character Development

Research Questions Interview Guides: Order of questions in the

conduct of interview:

1. What are the lived experiences of 1. What are your 1. What are your thoughts
LGBTQ Individuals? experiences as an LGBTQ and feelings about
particularly pertaining to LGBTQ?
spiritual practices?
2. What are your thoughts
1.1 What are your thoughts and feelings about
and feelings about LGBTQ? spirituality?

1.2 What are your thoughts 3. What are your challenges

and feelings about as an LGBTQ individual?
spirituality?
1.3 What are your 4. What are your coping
challenges as an LGBTQ strategies in order to
individual? address your challenges as
1.4 What are your coping an LGBTQ individual?
strategies in order to
address your challenges as 5. What aspect (s) of your
an LGBTQ individual? experience as an LGBTQ
1.6. Is there anything that individual do you find
you would like to add? meaningful?

2. What essence and meanings can 1.5 What aspect (s) of your 6. Is there anything that you
be derived from the informants‘? experience as an LGBTQ would like to add?
individual do you find
meaningful?

3. What themes may be formulated

from these i/nformants‘ lived
experiences?

4. Based on the analyzed data, what

implications to the practitioners,
psychology field, theory,
researchers, and informants may be
drawn?
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 54
Character Development

APPENDIX C

LETTER TO THE INFORMANTS

Date: _____________________________

TO THE RESEARCH INFORMANTS

Address: _____________________________

Dear Ma‘am/Sir,

Greetings!

The undersigned are currently conducting the study entitled, “SPIRITUALITY OF LGBTQ
INDIVIDUALS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Psychology in St.Paul University Surigao, Surigao City. In line with this,
the researchers would like to request your permission to allow them to conduct an interview
about the aforementioned research study with you being one of the considered informants. Please
be assured that all the gathered fact/data will be treated with utmost confidentiality.

The undersigned will be perpetually grateful for the due consideration that you will bestow their
request. Our sincerest thanks and God be with you.

Respectfully yours,

ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO GEMA R. SULAPAS ANGELINE L. TEMPLA

Researcher Researcher Researcher

Noted by:

DR. NIKKO T. EDERIO

Research Adviser

Action Taken:

_____________________________ _____________________________
Date Informant‘s Signature over PRINTED NAME
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 55
Character Development

APPENDIX D

CONSENT FORM

SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY SURIGAO

(St.Paul University System)

Cor. San Nicolas and Rizal Streets

8400 Surigao City, Philippines

Consent to Participate in Research

Research Title: “Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their

Psychological and Character Development”

Person Responsible for Research: ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO, GEMA R. SULAPAS, &
ANGELINE L TEMPLA

Study Description: This study aims to explore the spirituality of LGBTQ individuals and its
implications to their psychological and character development. If you choose to participate, you
will be interviewed and requested to provide responses to questions posed by the researcher or
interviewer. The interview is expected to take approximately one (1) hour of your time.

Risks/Benefits: This study supposes minimal risks to you as a participant. There are no costs for
participating. Your name and other personal details will not be reflected in the packaged research
output.

Confidentiality: The information collected in the study is completely confidential and no

individual informant will ever be identified with his personal information since no personal and
deeper information will be collected from the informants. The privacy of all informants will be
protected to maximum allowable by the law.

Voluntary Participation: Your participation in this study is voluntary. You may choose not to
take part in this study, if you decide to take part, you can change your mind later and withdraw
from the study, however, data obtained from you will become part of the study. You are free to
nor answer any questions or withdraw at any time.

Data Gathering: The collection of information from the informants will be through a face-to-
face interview. All interview responses will be kept in locked storage and will be shredded
and/or deleted for disposal after three to five years after the conclusion of the study. If the
informants choose to withdraw from the study, all interview responses from the participant will
be shredded immediately

Who do I contact for questions about the study? If you have questions about the study, please
contact the researchers below.
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 56
Character Development

Research Subject’s Consent to Participate in Research:

By signing the consent form, you are giving your consent to voluntarily participate in this
research.

_____________________________ Date: __________________

Printed name of the participant/respondent

_____________________________

Signature of the participant/information

ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO

Purok Pagkakaisa Lot C, Brgy. San Isidro, City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

(0965251914)

[email protected]

GEMA R. SULAPAS

Purok 2, Brgy. Malinao, General Luna, Surigao del Norte

(09485134537)

[email protected]

ANGELINE L. TEMPLA

Purok 1, Brgy. Silop, Surigao City

(09706798042)

[email protected]
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 57
Character Development

APPENDIX E

CERTIFICATION FROM THE GRAMMARIAN

CERTIFICATION

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

This is to certify that the study of ANA RUTH P. BALDEVIESO, GEMA R.

SULAPAS, ANGELINE L. TEMPLA titled SPIRITUALITY OF LGBTQ INDIVIDUALS

AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CHARACTER

DEVELOPMENT has been proofread and edited accordingly.

This certification is issued this (date issued) at St. Paul University Surigao, Surigao City,

Philippines upon request for whatever purpose it may serve.

_____________________________

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 58
Character Development

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information
Name : Ana Ruth P. Baldevieso
Birth Date : March 08, 2003
Place of Birth : South Cotabato Provincial Hospital
Sex : Female
Civil Status : Single
Father‘s Name : Edmar C. Baldevieso
Occupation : Tricycle Driver/farmer
Mother‘s Name : Analita P. Baldevieso
Occupation : Housewife/catechist

Educational Background
Elementary : Bacongco Elementary School
Brgy. San Isidro, City of Koronadal
2009-2015
Junior High School : Bacongco National High School
Brgy. San Isidro, City of Koronadal
2015-2019
Senior High School : Bacongco NHS - Senior High School
Brgy. San Isidro, City of Koronadal
2019-2021
Tertiary : St. Paul University Surigao
Cor. Rizal and San Nicolas Streets, Surigao City, SDN, 8400
2021-Present
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 59
Character Development

Personal Information
Name : Gema R. Sulapas
Birth Date : January 4, 2002
Place of Birth : Barangay Malinao, General Luna, Surigao del Norte
Sex : Female
Civil Status : Single
Father‘s Name : Joseph A. Sulapas
Occupation : Carpenter
Mother‘s Name : Norma R. Sulapas
Occupation : Housewife

Educational Background
Elementary : Malinao Elementary School
Brgy. Malinao, General Luna, Surigao del Norte
2009-2015
Junior High School : General Luna National High School
Purok 3, General Luna, Surigao del Norte
2015-2019
Senior High School : Surigao Norte National High School
Penaranda Street, Brgy. Washington, Surigao City
2019-2021
Tertiary : St. Paul University Surigao
Cor. Rizal and San Nicolas Streets, Surigao City, SDN, 8400
2021-Present
Spirituality of LGBTQ Individuals and Its Implications to their Psychological and 60
Character Development

Personal Information
Name : Angeline L. Templa
Birth Date : September 27, 2001
Place of Birth : Surigao City
Sex : Female
Civil Status : Single
Father‘s Name : Antonio B. Templa
Occupation : Driver
Mother‘s Name : Lina L. Templa
Occupation : Housewife

Educational Background
Elementary : Roxas Elementary School
Brgy. Silop, Surigao City
2009-2015
Junior High School : Surigao City National High School
Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City
2015-2019
Senior High School : System Technology Institute
Narciso Street, Surigao City
2019-2021
Tertiary : St. Paul University Surigao
Cor. Rizal and San Nicolas Streets, Surigao City, SDN, 8400
2021-Present