UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

Grades 11 LEARNING AREA

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EXPECTATIONS
11 After exploring this supplementary learning material, you should be able to:
identify the appropriate rejection region for a given level of significance when:
Republic of the Philippines (a) the population variance is assumed to be known;
Department of Education (b) the population variance is assumed to be unknown; and
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (c) the Central Limit Theorem is to be used.
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City
Pretest
UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS Directions: Identify the correct answer for each item. Write only the letter of your
(USLeM) choice.
1. It is the area in the normal curve that leads to rejection of null hypothesis.
A. Acceptance Region C. Rejection region
B. Degrees of freedom D. Type II Error
2. What kind of test is illustrated in this figure 1?
A. Left-tailed Test C. Right-tailed Test
B. No-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test
3. What kind of test is shown in this figure 2?
A. Left-tailed Test C. Right-tailed Test
B. No-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test
4. What kind of test is shown in this figure 3?
A. Left-tailed Test C. Right-tailed Test
B. No-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test
5. It is the number of values that are free to vary in a data set.
A. Acceptance Region C. Rejection region
B. Degrees of Freedom D. Type II Error
6. It is the degree of uncertainty about the statistical statement under the same
conditions used to determine the confidence level.
A. Level of Association C. Level of Relation
B. Level of Confidence D. Level of Significance
For no. 7-8
The SSG president claims that the average number of hours the students study
their lessons is more than 30 hours per week. If 30 students are surveyed and
their average is 32 hours per week with standard deviation of 4 hours, is there
sufficient evidence to reject the SSG president’s claim at the 𝛼 = 0.05 level of
significance?
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 7. What type of test is applicable to the problem?
Quarter 4 Week 3 A. Cannot be determined C. No-tailed Test
B. One-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test
DEVELOPMENT & EDITORIAL TEAM:
Writer: Joey N. Abergos
SDS: Margarito B. Materum SDO EPS (Math): Mirasol I. Rongavilla 8. Which of the following rejection region is applicable to the problem?
LESSON 3: Rejection
CID Chief: Region
Ellery G. Quintia SDO LR: Daisy L. Mataac A. 𝑧 > −1.645 C. 𝑧 > 1.645

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Grades 11 LEARNING AREA Grades 11 LEARNING AREA
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B. 𝑧 < −1.645 D. 𝑧 < 1.645 The rejection region is divided into two equal region placed in each tail of the
9. Which of the following is the appropriate rejection region for the following given? distribution.
hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.01; two-tailed test; 𝑛 = 25; 𝜎 = 2 .
A. 𝑧 < −2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 2.575 C. 𝑧 < −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 1.96
B. 𝑧 < 2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > −2.575 D. 𝑧 < 1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > −1.96 b. One-tailed test (right tail) at 5% level of significance
10. Which of the following is the appropriate rejection region for the following given?
hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.05; one-tailed test (right); 𝑛 = 73; 𝑠 =
8.2
A. 𝑧 > 1.645 C. 𝑧 > 2.33
B. 𝑧 < −1.645 D. 𝑧 < −2.33

LOOKING BACK

How do you identify the appropriate statistical test to be used?

What information do you need to consider to properly choose a test-statistic?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The rejection region lies entirely in the right end of the distribution.
Rejection region is the area in the normal curve that leads to rejection of the null
hypothesis. In a given problem, the level of significance and the type of test (one-tailed c. One-tailed test (left tail) at 5% level of significance
or two-tailed) will set the rejection region (critical region) of the null hypothesis.

Let us look at the illustration below.

a. Two-tailed test at 5% level of significance

The rejection region lies entirely on the left end of the distribution.

To identify the appropriate rejection region in each problem, we need to consider

the following questions:
a. Does the problem suggest a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
b. What is the significance level?

Let us try the following sample problems.

1. A researcher reports that the average salary of private school teachers is Php
10,000.00. A sample of 40 teachers have a mean salary of Php 10,870.00 a month. At
𝛼 = 0.05, test the claim that the average salary of private school teachers is not equal
to Php 10,000.00 a month. The standard deviation of the population is Php 1,500.00.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 LEARNING AREA Grades 11 LEARNING AREA
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
Answering the questions above:
a. Since the alternative hypothesis for the problem is 𝜇 ≠ 10,000.00, then it is a two-tailed Why do we subtract 1 from the number of samples to get the degrees of freedom?
test. Degrees of Freedom is the number of values that are free to vary in a data set.
b. The level of significance (𝛼) is 0.05 Example, if you were asked to pick a set of three numbers with mean of 5, there
To identify the appropriate rejection region, we can refer to the 𝑧-table by are many possibilities: 8, 2, 5 or 7, 3, 5, or 6, 4, 5 and so on. Observe that once
considering the type of test (one-tailed or two –tailed) and the level of significance. Since you have chosen the first two numbers, you cannot choose the third value in the
we usually use 0.05 and 0.01 as level of significance, we could just refer to this table set. The only number that are free to vary are the first two.
below.
The rejection region in this situation (refer on the 𝑡-table) is 𝑡 > 1.895 .
Level of One-tailed Two-tailed
Significance Left-tailed Right-tailed Activity 1
𝛼 = 0.05 𝑧 < −1.645 𝑧 > 1.645 𝑧 < −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 1.96 Directions: For each of the following, sketch the normal curve and indicate the
𝛼 = 0.01 𝑧 < −2.33 𝑧 > 2.33 𝑧 < −2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 2.575 location of the rejection region.

In this example, the rejection region is 𝑧 > 1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 < −1.96. 1. Hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.01; two-tailed test; 𝑛 = 15; 𝜎 = 5 .

2. Mrs. Patata claims that its potato chips contain less than 150 mg of salt per pack.
But a random sample of 130 packs yielded an average salt content of 145 mg with
standard deviation of 25 mg. Use 0.01 level of significance to test the null hypothesis
𝜇 = 150 against the alternative 𝜇 < 150.
2. Hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.05; one-tailed test (right); 𝑛 = 37; 𝑠 = 5
Answering the same questions:
a. Since the alternative hypothesis for the problem is 𝜇 < 150, then it is a one-tailed
test (left).
b. The level of significance (𝛼) is 0.01.
The rejection region for this example is 𝑧 < −2.33.
3. Hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.01; one-tailed test (left); 𝑛 = 20; 𝑠 = 3.5
3. A certain brand of coffee is advertised to have a net weight of 250 grams. If the net
weights of 8 randomly selected packs are 252, 251, 253, 249, 248, 251, 254, and
249, can it be concluded that the average net weight of the packs is greater than the
advertised amount? Use 𝛼 = 0.05.

Answering the same questions: 4. Hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.05; two-tailed test; 𝑛 = 10, 𝜎 = 7.13
a. Since the alternative hypothesis for the situation is 𝜇 > 250, then it is a one-tailed
test (right).
b. the level of significance is 0.05.

In this problem, we need to use the t-table because the applicable statistical test
is t-test (see module 8 of quarter 3). Notice that the number of samples is only 8 and 5. Hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.01; one tailed test (right); 𝑛 = 189; 𝜎 = 15
the population standard deviation is not given. Aside from the type of test (one-tailed or
two-tailed) and the level of significance, we also need to consider the degrees of freedom
to properly identify the critical value in the 𝑡-table. The formula for degrees of freedom
is 𝑛-1, where n is the number of samples.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 LEARNING AREA Grades 11 LEARNING AREA
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
REMEMBER 5. What kind of test is shown in this figure 3?
A. Left-tailed Test C. Right-tailed Test
1. To identify the rejection region, we need to consider the type of test (whether one- B. No-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test
tailed or two-tailed) and the significance level.
2. Degrees of Freedom is the number of values that are free to vary in a data set. It is 6. It is the area in the normal curve that leads to rejection of
needed to identify the rejection region in the t-table. null hypothesis.
A. Acceptance Region C. Rejection region
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING B. Degrees of freedom D. Type II Error
Directions: Read each problem and identify the rejection region. For no. 7-8
1. Santos Farm takes pride in its poultry produce and claims that each dressed chicken The SSG president claims that the average number of hours the students study their
they sell provides 180 grams of protein. Test this claim at 0.01 level of significance lessons is more than 30 hours per week. If 30 students are surveyed and their average
based on a random sample of 70 dressed chickens that yielded an average of 176
is 32 hours per week with standard deviation of 4 hours, is there sufficient evidence to
grams of protein with sample standard deviation of 15 grams.
reject the SSG president’s claim at the 𝛼 = 0.01 level of significance?
7. What type of test is applicable to the problem?
A. Cannot be determined C. No-tailed Test
B. One-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test
2. MLC claims that students who avail their services get an average score of 385 on
scholastic aptitude test. The scores of random samples of 10 students were recorded 8. Which of the following rejection region is applicable to the problem?
as follows: 350, 440, 350, 375, 400, 450, 475, 320, 300, 375. Use the level of
A. 𝑧 > −2.33 C. 𝑧 > 2.33
significance 0.01 to test whether the average of 385 is too high to claim.
B. 𝑧 < −2.33 D. 𝑧 < 2.33

9. Which of the following is the appropriate rejection region for the following given?
hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.05; two-tailed test; 𝑛 = 25; 𝜎 = 2 .
POST TEST A. 𝑧 < −2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 2.575 C. 𝑧 < −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 1.96
Directions: Identify the correct answer for each item. Write only the letter of your choice. B. 𝑧 < 2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > −2.575 D. 𝑧 < 1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > −1.96
1. It is the number of values that are free to vary in a data set.
A. Acceptance Region C. Rejection region 10. Which of the following is the appropriate rejection region for the following given:
B. Degrees of Freedom D. Type II Error hypothesis test on population mean; 𝛼 = 0.01; one-tailed test (left); 𝑛 = 73; 𝑠 =
8.2
2. It is the degree of uncertainty about the statistical statement under the same A. 𝑧 > 1.645 C. 𝑧 > 2.33
conditions used to determine the confidence level. B. 𝑧 < −1.645 D. 𝑧 < −2.33
A. Level of Association C. Level of Relation
B. Level of Confidence D. Level of Significance References
Mathematics for Engaged Learning Statistics and Probability by Yvette F. Lim, Rizaldi
3. What kind of test is shown in this figure 1? C. Nocon, Ederlina G. Nocon, and Leonor A. Ruivivar
A. Left-tailed Test C. Right-tailed Test
B. No-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test Introduction to Statistics by Ronald E. Walpole (Third Edition)
Basic Probability and Statistics by Winston S. Sirug
4. What kind of test is shown in this figure 2?
Statistics and Probability by Rene R. Belecina, Elisa S. Baccay, and Efren B. Mateo
A. Left-tailed Test C. Right-tailed Test
B. No-tailed Test D. Two-tailed Test Statistics and Probability by Lino C. Reynoso, Recto Y. Ponciano, and Belinda T.
Conde

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