CEMA

STANDARD
ANSI / CEMA 405-2003 (R2009)
NO. 405-2003 Reaffirmation of ANSI /CEMA 405-2003
( Approved January 22, 2009)

SLAT CONVEYORS

Unit Handling Conveyors

®
Conveyor Equipment
Manufacturers Association ISBN 978-1-891171-33-8
 CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
(CEMA)

DISCLAIMER

The information provided herein is advisory only.

These recommendations provided by CEMA are general in nature and are not intended as a
substitute for professional advice. Users should seek the advice, supervision and/or
consultation of qualified engineers, safety consultants, and other qualified professionals.

Any use of this publication, or any information contained herein, or any other CEMA publication
is made with the agreement and understanding that the user and the user’s company assume
full responsibility for the designs, safety, specifications, suitability and adequacy of any
conveyor system, system component, mechanical or electrical device designed or
manufactured using this information.

The user and the user’s company understand and agree that CEMA, its member companies, its
officers, agents and employees are not and shall not be liable in any manner under any theory
of liability to anyone for reliance on or use of these recommendations. The user and the user’s
companies agree to release, hold harmless and indemnify and defend CEMA, its member
companies, successors, assigns, officers, agents and employees from any and all claims of
liability, costs, fees (including attorney’s fees), or damages arising in any way out of the use of
this information.

CEMA and its member companies, successors, assigns, officers, agents and employees make no
representations or warranties whatsoever, either expressed or implied, about the information
contained herein, including, but not limited to, representations or warranties that the
information and recommendations contained herein conform to any federal, state or local laws,
regulations, guidelines or ordinances.

END
 FOREWORD

Slat conveyors are used for the controlled movement of a great variety of regular or irregular shaped
commodities. The conveyor may be level, inclined, declined, or curved, limited only by the stability of the
commodity, the frictional relation of the slats and the commodity, and the strength of the conveyor ele-
ments. Slat conveyors can be operated at the speed best suited for the work being performed. They are
frequently used for conveying commodities through assembly and testing operations. Their use simplifies
the coordination of varied operations.

The purpose of this work is to establish minimum standards for use in manufacturing and applying unit
handling slat conveyors.

For additional information relating to definitions and selection of common components, see the latest edi-
tion of the following publications: CEMA Standard No. 102, Conveyor Terms and Definitions; CEMA Stan-
dard No. 401, Roller Conveyors - Non Powered; CEMA Standard No. 402, Belt Conveyors; CEMA Stan-
dard No. 403, Belt Driven Live Roller Conveyors; CEMA Standard No. 404, Chain Driven Live Roller Con-
veyors; and CEMA Standard No. 406, Lineshaft Driven Live Roller Conveyors.

The illustrations throughout this book are schematic in nature and represent the general nature of a par-
ticular device. The illustrations are not intended to represent the recommended safety configurations since
guarding has been omitted to permit clarity in showing the operational characteristics of the device. Refer
to the current editions of ANSI/ASME B20.1, Safety Standard for Conveyors and Related Equipment;
ANSI/ASME B15.1, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus; and ANSI Z244.1,
American National Safety Standards for Lockout/Tagout of Energy Sources - Minimum Safety Require-
ments; Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (29 C.F.R.) Part 1910.147, The Control of Hazardous Energy
(lockout/tagout); Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (29 C.F.R.) Part 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and
Machine Guarding. Consult ASME or ANSI for the latest editions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page PDF

DEFINITIONS 1 1 5

APPLICATIONS 2 2 6

TECHNICAL DATA 3 3 9

CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

5672 Strand Court, Suite 2
Naples, Florida 34110
Web Site: http://www.cemanet.org

Standard No. 405 - Copyright 2009

Printed in the U.S.A.

ISBN 978-1-891171-33-8

i
 Note - CEMA Has Reaffirmed the 2003 Edition.
This 2009 Edition is Identical to the 2003 Edition

SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN 2003 EDITION

• All illustrations have been redrawn.

• Foreword has been updated to include new information and new Safety References.

• A Safety Notice regarding Industry Standard Safety Labels has been added.

• Terms and Definitions have been modified to conform with ANSI/CEMA 102: Conveyor Terms
and Definitions.

• Chart 1 "Shafts for Combined Tension and Bending" has been expanded to cover more
combinations of moment.

• Additional clarification in the section on "Selecting Chains and Sprockets for Conveyor Service".

• "Note" added to Table 5 "Service Factors".

CEMA Standard No. 405-2003 (R2009)

Reviewed by the
Unit Handling Section
of the
CEMA Engineering Conference

ii
 Section 1

DEFINITIONS

For general definitions, see also latest edition of ANSI/CEMA 102, Conveyor Terms and Definitions.

Chain - A series of links pivotaIly joined together to form a medium for conveying or transmitting motion,
with provisions for attaching the slats.

Conveyor Length - Length center to center of sprockets as measured at the conveying surface.

Conveyor Width - The length of the slat. When auxiliary guards are required, the distance between the
guards should be specified.

Drive - An assembly of the necessary structural, mechanical, and electrical parts which provide motive
power for a conveyor.

Frame - The structure which supports the machinery components of the conveyor.

Grade (Slope) - The rate of incline or decline in terms of degrees from the horizontal; percent of rise to the
horizontal distance; or inches of vertical rise per foot of horizontal projection.

Intermediate Frame - The structural track and supports over which the chain and slats travel.

Slat Conveyor - A conveyor employing one or more endless chains to which non-overlapping, non-inter-
locking, spaced slats are attached. Only dual strand slat conveyors are considered in this standard.

Sprocket - A wheel with suitably shaped and spaced cogs or teeth to engage with the links of a chain.

Take-Up - An assembly of the necessary structural and mechanical parts which provides the means to
adjust the length of the conveyor to compensate for chain wear or other causes.

Vertical Curves - Those portions of a conveyor partly horizontal and partly inclined, or at two different
angles of inclination connected by a radius; a section of track bent in the desired curve to change the
direction of a conveyor in a vertical plane.

1
 Section 2

APPLICATION

Slat conveyors are used primarily for handling commodities of such nature or weight as would make other
types of conveyors unsuitable. For example, if a belt conveyor is suitable for conveying a certain kind of
commodity, it might not be satisfactory for diverting a commodity with an abrasive surface, protruding nail
heads, or anything which might damage the belt.

Slat conveyors are frequently used in various assembly operations, special fixtures being attached directly
to the slats. Special features such as turntable assemblies can be applied. Shaped slats are also available
for the handling of cylindrical objects.

Slat conveyors can be level or inclined, declined or curved, or a combination of any of these. The declined
type is furnished with or without cleats as conditions dictate. Cleats are used on the main surface of the
conveyor to prevent sliding of commodities when the degree of grade is greater than an uncleated conveyor
will handle. The average wood box will travel on a wood slat without cleats at a grade of 12 degrees
maximum. The handling of average metal commodities should be confined to a 9 degree grade maximum
using wood slats. The grade of a metal slat conveyor for handling any commodities having a metal conveying
surface should be established by test or prior knowledge.

When cleats are used, there is practically no limit to the steepness of the conveyor; but there are factors
which make cleated units undesirable. Special care must be exercised to load them automatically. The
connection between conveyors at either end of the slat conveyor is complicated because additional space
must be provided to clear the cleats, and additional space may affect the minimum size commodity which
will transfer satisfactorily.

When commodities overhang the ends of the slats or have to be pulled over the side of the conveyor, it is
necessary that the top of slats be above the framework.

On level to inclined and declined to level conveyors, beveling of the slats may be required to eliminate
pinching.

Abrasive Carborundum surface slats may be satisfactory for oil drums or metal containers at slopes of 12
degrees. Such slats do not have the life of the cleated design nor the disadvantages of the same.

The handling of small commodities over the receiving and discharge ends of slat conveyors must always
be given careful attention. A small box might transfer satisfactorily when in one position but not another.

Back-travel of inclined conveyors when stopped under load is overcome by use of motor brakes, anti-
reversing devices or self-locking gears. Simple ratchets contacting the chain are satisfactory on inclined
units but are not suitable on declined or reversible conveyors.

Roller slat conveyors consist of rollers instead of wood or steel slats mounted between the chains and
should provide at least three rollers under the shortest length of commodity. Roller slat conveyors will
permit stoppage of a line of commodities without stopping the conveyor. The rollers revolve under the
stopped commodities.

Roller slat conveyors are suitable for diverting and for conveying on slight inclines. In either case, strips are
positioned underneath the rollers to provide positive rotation and increased speed, thus permitting diverting
and negotiation of incline.The use of strips increases the velocity of the commodity to twice the conveyor
speed. The maximum grade is approximately 6 degrees or 1¼ inches per foot.

2
There are many special purpose slat conveyors made for diverting, dividing, or combining loads. However,
most such construction is proprietary or patented.

Limitations as to length, width, and loading of slat conveyors are not quite so critical as for other types of unit
handling conveyors.

Lengths are flexible and are dependent upon the strength of the chain selected. Chains are usually of the
roller type for less chain pull.

Widths are equally flexible, however, seldom less than 12" for the double strand chain construction. By
using multiple idler roller supports attached to the slat, for breaking the span between the side chains,
widths up to several feet are possible. Single chains are not often used. When they are used the load is
generally supported by wheels attached at each end of the slat. When two strands of chain are used, the
load is usually carried by slats supported by the chain rollers riding upon angle or T-rail track.

Speeds can be that required to suit conditions. Extremely slow speeds for assembly operations can be
arranged, and variable speed drive units are also available.

Maximum speed is usually determined by the chain pitch, the noise level that can be tolerated, and the
method of transfer from the conveyor. The pitch diameter of the driving sprocket is an important factor. For
determination of speed with selected sprocket and pitch combination see table 2 on page 7.

Minimum speeds are generally indicated by a condition known as surge. At speeds below 5 F.P.M., short
pitch chains and sprockets of 12 or more teeth are suggested. Special compensating sprockets will tend to
minimize pulsation.

Maximum loading is determined by the strength of the chain and the unit loading which the individual chain
rollers will carry without undue wear. Unit loads of several thousand pounds are not uncommon and must be
supported by enough slats to keep the chain loading below the recommended values.

Vertical Line Thru

Center of Gravity
Center of Gravity
th (Not Necessarily The
ng
Le Geometrical Center)

Desired Angle
of Incline Line

t
igh
He

th
e ng
1/ 3L

Figure 1

3
Grade - The maximum angle of incline or decline is limited by the following principal factors:

1. The proportions of the commodities handled, (see Figure 1).

2. Resistance to slippage of the commodities on the slat surface.
3. Speed and vibration of the conveyor.
4. On critical inclines powered feeds may be required.

NOTES RELATIVE TO DIAGRAM

The relationship of the height of the package to its base length is defined in above diagram. A safe rule
is to make the grade such that a perpendicular line drawn through the center of gravity of the package
will fall within the middle one-third of its base length. Assuming that the package is of uniform density
throughout its volume, the maximum grade angle can be calculated thus:

Tangent of the maximum grade angle = length

3 x height

Use less grade angle for safety.

4
 Section 3

TECHNICAL DATA

Safety Factor for selection of the conveyor chain

The minimum safety factor under normal conditions and at usual conveyor speeds should be six, (based
on ultimate tensile strength). If the conveyor is subject to pulsation or if shock loading is encountered, this
factor should be increased.

When attachments are used on one side of the chain such as, A-l, A-2, D-5, G-6, with the chain operating
as a double strand conveyor, the load is concentrated on one side of each chain. Unless this eccentric
loading is compensated for by the use of thru rods (See Figure 2.), the SAFETY FACTOR SHOULD BE
INCREASED.

Eccentric Loads

1234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678
Poor Practice Load

1234567890123456789012345678
1234567890123456789012345678
Good Practice Load

Figure 2

Conveyor Chain Pull

The pull required to move a conveyor is equal to the sum of the pull required to move the material load
plus the pull required to overcome the resistance of the conveyor parts plus the pull to elevate minus
the pull to lower the material if the conveyor is sloped. In no case should the horsepower be less than
that of a conveyor of equivalent horizontal projection. See formulas.

Coefficient of Friction

In slat conveyors, the entire load is supported by the chain so that friction of the chain bearings is all
that need be considered. Coefficients of Friction ( f ), given below, are expressed in percentages of
total load and hold good for average conditions. If the chain is operating under extremely good condi-
tions and is well lubricated, coefficients may be reduced; but if the chain is to operate under severe
conditions, coefficients should be increased, viz., ovens, coolers, outside exposures, etc. Good prac-
tice requires determination of “f” values by using formula 1.

5
 TABLE 1

( f ) Percent of Load
Chain Roller Diameter or Contacting Material From Rest In Motion

Steel Chain Links Sliding on Steel Track 35 20

Chain with 1-1/2" Diameter Rollers 22 16
Chain with 2" Diameter Rollers 20 15
Chain with 2-1/2" Diameter Rollers 16 12
Chain with 3" Diameter Rollers 14 9
Chain with 4" Diameter Rollers 12 8
Chain with 5" Diameter Rollers 11 7
Chain with 6" Diameter Rollers 10 6
*Roller Bearing 2 1.5
*Ball Bearings 1.3 1

*No allowance for flanges or hub friction.

Values in the table are based on generally accepted chain construction.

Empirical f (from rest) Composite rolling friction

Rd + B FORMULA NO. 1
f =
D D

R = factor in Table 1A

d = diameter of bushing or pin on which the chain roller revolves, or the inside diameter of the
outer ball or roller race, in inches

D = diameter of chain roller, in inches.

B = 0.06 turned roller on smooth track.

= 0.12 rough roller, not hardened, on unmachined structural track.

TABLE 1A

R
Rollers not Rollers
Type of Bearing for Chain Rollers Lubricated Lubricated

Steel on steel 0.33 0.20

Bronze bushing on cold finished steel 0.25 0.15
Roller bearings - 0.015
Ball bearings - 0.002

6
 -

Conveyor Chain Speeds

In selecting chain and sprockets for elevating and conveying service, proper life expectancy will be ob-
tained if maximum design speeds are not exceeded. These maximum speeds take into consideration the
chain pitch and the number of teeth in sprockets and are listed in the table below for steel bushed roller
chains.

TABLE 2

MAXIMUM SPEEDS IN F.P.M. FOR CONVEYOR CHAINS

PITCH-INCHES

No.
Teeth * 3 4 6 9 12

6 70 60 48 40 35
7 82 70 57 47 40
8 95 80 65 54 46
9 105 90 74 60 52
10 115 100 82 67 58
12 140 120 98 80 68
14 160 140 115 95 80
16 180 157 133 110 94

*See Table 6, page 15, for speed variation.

Speeds may be increased but noise, wear and vibration must be given consideration in doing so.

Sprockets

Small sprockets cause greater pulsation and shock, consequently causing more wear on both chain and
sprockets. To engage small sprockets, the chain must flex more so that the articulation of the chain pin in
its bushing is greater. Since this is one of the major causes of chain wear, the flexing action should be
reduced as much as practical. Sprockets with few teeth wear much faster than those with a larger number
of teeth. Smoother operation will result from the use of larger sprockets. Where pulsation is a factor com-
pensating power transmission sprockets are available.

Keying Sprockets

Sprockets at the head end of conveyors which use double or multiple strands of chain should be secured
by key or other suitable means to the head shaft with a tooth of one wheel directly in line with a tooth of the
others. On all other foot shafts, the sprockets should be arranged to permit independent rotation.

7
 FORMULAS FOR COMPUTING CHAIN PULL AND HORSEPOWER

H = Horizontal projection conveyor in feet.

V = Vertical projection conveyor in feet.
L = Length of conveyor in feet.
f = Coefficient of friction of chain. Use Value of “f” in Table 1, page 6.
W = Weight of material in pounds per foot of conveyor.
C = Weight per foot of moving conveyor parts (chain and slats) in pounds.
S = Speed of conveyor in feet per minute.
P = Pull on chain (distributed over both chains).
K = 1.15 Conveyor Constant.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Horizontal Slat Conveyors FORMULA NO. 2

Total Pull on Chain P = (W + 2C) Lf

K (W + 2C) LSf
*Horsepower =
33,000
Figure 3
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Inclined Slat Conveyors FORMULA NO. 3

p = V (W + C) + (W + C) Hf + C (Hf - V). See Note

Note - The group “C (Hf - V)” to be added only when Hf exceeds V.

KS (P - C (V - Hf) )
*Horsepower =
33,000

Note - The group “C (V - Hf)” to be subtracted only when V exceeds Hf.

Figure 4
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

The Conveyor in Figure 5 is to be considered as a com- FORMULA NO. 4

bination of a horizontal and an inclined conveyor, formulas for
Figure 3 and Figure 4 applying respectively.

Figure 5
* The formulas for obtaining horsepower include (K factor) head and foot shaft friction. To determine the
additional power required to overcome friction in the driving machinery, add 5 percent for each counter-
shaft belt, chain drive or cut gear reduction; 10 percent for each cast tooth gear reduction; and for speed
reducers a factor which should be secured from the reducer manufacturer. By using column “f” in the Table
1, page 5, the result will be the required motor rating for average conditions.

8
 DETERMINATION OF SHAFT SIZE

The selection of the shaft requires the correct analysis of the bending and torsional moments.

The graphical method of determination is the simplest method known to provide accurate results.

This method can be used equally well for the determination of footshafts, etc.

Bending moment is produced by any force which tends to deflect the shaft.

Torsional moment is produced by the force tending to rotate the shaft.

Fig. 6, below, is a diagram of a conveyor headshaft equipped with two conveyor chain sprockets between
bearings and with an overhung chain drive.

The bending moment caused by weight of the shaft has been ignored. For small-diameter shafts no great
degree of error will be introduced.

D = Drive chain pull-pounds. Pc = Combined sprocket and conveyor chain

load - pounds.
Dw = Drive sprocket weight-pounds.
Md = Bending moment due to combined drive
DC = Combined drive sprocket load-pounds. sprocket load-inch-pounds.

P = Conveyor chain pull-pounds. Mp = Bending moment due to combined conveyor

sprocket - inch-pounds.
Pw = Chain sprockets weight plus 180 deg. wrap
of chain, slats, etc.; - pounds. MC = Combined bending moment due to MD and
MP - inch-pounds.

Mt = Torsional moment - inch-pounds.

Figure 6

Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 7

9
 DETERMINATION OF SHAFT SIZE ... Continued

Conveyor Sprockets Between Bearings

Referring To Figs. 6-9:

1. To any convenient scale, and at the exact angle at which it acts with the horizontal, layout D in Fig. 8
equal to the drive chain pull. To the same scale and acting vertically downward, layout Dw equal to the
weight of drive sprocket.

The resultant, Dc, of these two forces is the combined drive sprocket load, and angle at which it acts.

2. To any convenient scale, and at the same angle as Dc in Fig. 8, but on the opposite (under) side of
the shaft, layout Md in Fig. 7 (making Md = Dc x A (inches), for bending moment at Brg. 1 in Fig. 6. Draw
bending moment triangle Md in Fig. 6.

3. Next determine Pc, the resultant of P and Pw, Fig. 9, proceeding as described for Dc in step 1.

4. To the same scale used in step 2, and at the same angle as Pc in Fig. 9. layout Mp in Fig. 7, for
bending moments at Loads 1 and 2 in Fig. 6.

In Fig. 6 where E = H:
Pc x E
Mp at Load 1 = Mp at Load 2 =
2
Draw bending moment trapezoid Mp in Fig. 6.

5. In Fig. 7, for loads (as Pc) located between the bearings, the moment lies in the same direction as
the force. For loads (as DO located outside of the bearings, the moment lies 180 deg. from the direction of
the force. Resolve bending moments Md and Mp to form resultant Mc. Draw bending moment diagram Mc
in Fig. 6.

In Fig. 6 the intersection of the bending moment diagram Mc with the several verticals (at centerlines
of Brg. 1, Loads 1 and 2) indicates the magnitude of the maximum bending moment at those respective
sections of the shaft.

6. Calculate the torsional moment as follows:

63000 HP Mt x R.P.M.
Mt = H.P. = FORMULA 5
R.P.M. 63000

Draw torsional moment diagram in Fig. 6.

Note that the torsional moment at Load 2 is one half that at Load 1.

10
On Page 13, we show a chart that has been developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engi-
neers to simplify the selection of a shaft. The chart should be used in conjunction with the service
factors listed in Table No. 3 to modify the selection to suit the conditions under which the shaft will
operate.

To determine the size of the shaft required:

1. Bending moment from Figure 6.

2. Determine the Service factor for Bending from table 5 on page 15 that will suit the conditions.

3. Torsional moment from Figure 6.

4. Determine the Service factor for Torsion from table 5 on page 15 that will suit the conditions.

5. Draw a horizontal line across the chart on page 13 from the point where the torsional moment
intersects its selected service factor line.

6. Draw a vertical line up the chart on page 13 from the point where the bending moment
intersects its selected service factor line.

7. The intersection of the above lines will give the required shaft sizes.

8. For shafts not weakened by keyways, miltiply the shaft size obtained by .91 for the corrected
shaft size.

TABLE NO. 3

SERVICE FACTORS

TYPE OF LOADING For Bending For Torsion

Stationary Shafts
Gradually applied loads 1.0 1.0
Suddenly APplied Loads 1.5 to 2.0 1.5 to 2.0

Rotating Shafts
Gradually applied or steady loads 1.5 1.0
Suddenly applied loads - Minor shock only 1.5 to 2.0 1.0 to 1.5
Suddenly applied loads - Heavy shocks 2.0 to 2.5 1.5 to 2.5

Example:

A conveyor has a head shaft that is subjected to 20,500 inch-pounds of torsion and 13,300 inch-pounds of
bending. The type of loading requires Service Factors of 1.0 for torsion and 1.5 for bending. To determine
the required shaft size, proceed as follows:

At the left on the chart on page 13, the torsion moment may be found for the Service Factor of 1.0. Draw
a horizontal line to the right of the 20,500 point. The bending moment is given at thae bottom of the chart.
Find the 13,300 point. At the 1.5 Service Factor Column then project a line upward vertically until it
intersects the horizontal line drawn from the 20,500 torsion point. At this intersection point, it is found that
a shaft of approximately 2-15/16" diameter is required.

11
For a shaft, subjected to the same conditions, but not weakened by keyways, the size shaft required
would be (.91 x 2-15/16") or (.91 x 2.9375) = 2.6731 or 2-11/16" rounded up to nearest standard size.

TN Decimal Values
H. P. =
63,000
2-15/16 = 2.9375
2-11/16 = 2.6875
T = Torque in inch-pounds.
2-7/16 = 2.4375
N = Speed in R.P.M.

TABLE NO. 4

TABLE FACTORS CORRESPONDING TO SAFE SHEAR STRESS VALUES

Safe Safe Safe Safe

Shear Factor Shear Factor Shear Factor Shear Factor
Stress Stress Stress Stress

500 2.2894 3500 1.1968 7000 .9499 13000 .7728

1000 1.8171 4000 1.1447 8000 .9086 14000 .7539
1500 1.5874 4500 1.1006 9000 .8736 15000 .7368
2000 1.4422 5000 1.0626 10000 .8434 16000 .7211
2500 1.3389 5500 1.0294 11000 .8171 17000 .7067
3000 1.2599 6000 1.0000 12000 .7937 18000 .6934

Safe shear stress values are approximately 10% of the ultimate tensile strength.

Chart No. 1. (Page 13) provides a means for accurately determining shaft diameters through the use of
torsional and bending moments. The base stress used in the chart is 6000 pounds per square inch
maximum shear for shafts with keyseats. When a higher stress is to be used, find shaft size required at
6000 pounds on the chart, and multiply that size by the factor given in Table 4 above for the desired base
stress.

12
 CHART NUMBER 1
SHAFTS FOR COMBINED
TORSION AND BENDING

SERVICE FACTOR Dimensions for S.A.E. 1015 cold drawn steel shafting
safe shearing stress of 6,000 lbs. sq.in. with allowances for standard keyways.
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1

8.3 10.0 12.5 16.7 25

8.0 9.6 12.0 16.0 24

7.7 9.2 11.5 15.3 23

TORSIONAL MOMENT IN THOUSANDS OF INCH POUNDS

Example
7.3 8.8 11.0 14.7 22
from
7.0 8.4 10.5 14.0 21 page 10
6.7 8.0 10.0 13.3 20

6.3 7.6 9.5 12.7 19

6.0 7.2 9.0 12.0 18

5.7 6.8 8.5 11.3 17

5.3 6.4 8.0 10.7 16

STANDARD
SHAFT
5.0 6.0 7.5 10.0 15
SIZES
4.7 5.6 7.0 9.3 14

4.3 5.2 6.5 8.7 13 2 15/16

4.0 4.8 6.0 8.0 12 2 11/16

3.7 4.4 5.5 7.3 11 2 7/16

3.3 4.0 5.0 6.7 10 2 3/16

3.0 3.6 4.5 6.0 9 1 15/16

2.7 3.2 4.0 5.3 8 1 11/16

2.3 2.8 3.5 4.7 7 1 7/76

2.0 2.4 3.0 4.0 6 1 3/16

1.7 2.0 2.5 3.3 5

1.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 4

1.0 1.2 1.5 2 3

0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 2

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1

1
10

11

12

13

14
15

16

17

18
19

20

21

22
23

24
1

2
3

8
9

SERVICE FACTOR "b"

10.0

10.7

11.3
12.0

12.7

13.3

14.0
14.7

15.3
16.0

1.5
0.7
1.3

2.0

2.7

3.3
4.0

4.7

5.3

6.0

6.7

7.3
8.0

8.7

9.3

1.5
10.0

10.5
11.0

11.5
12.0

2.0
0.5
1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5
3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5
6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5
9.0

9.5

2.0

2.5
0.4
0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0
2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4
4.8

5.2

5.6

6.0

6.4

6.8
7.2

7.6

8.0

8.4
8.8

9.2
9.6

2.5
0.3
0.7

1.0

1.3

1.7
2.0

2.3

2.7

3.0

3.3

3.7
4.0

4.3

4.7

5.0

5.3

5.7
6.0

6.3

6.7

7.0
7.3

7.7
8.0

3.0

3.0

BENDING MOMENT IN THOUSANDS OF INCH POUNDS

13
 SELECTING CHAINS AND SPROCKETS FOR CONVEYOR SERVICE
Selecting the Chain

There are many different types of chains used for conveyors. Each type has its particular characteristics to
recommend its selection. The qualifications and specifications of the various types of chains must be
studied to determine the proper type of chain for the service.

To determine the required rated or listed working value Wr of the chain, multiply the calculated actual chain
loading by factor Fp from the Service Factor Table, and factor Fs from the Speed Factor Table 6, page 15.

P x Fp x Fs
Wr =
2

Wr = Rated working value of chain as found in chain lists.

P = Actual calculated chain pull from conveyor formulae, Page 8.

Fp = Product of all service factors from table 5, page 15.

Fs = Speed factor from Speed Factor Table 6 for the proper type of chain, page 15.

After working value is thus obtained select the chain from a list of steel bushed roller chains. After the chain
is selected, recalculate chain pull using actual weight of chain, attachments, etc.

Consult speed table 2, Page 7 for conveyor and elevator chains to see that the maximum speed is not
exceeded for the size of sprockets used.

14
 TABLE 5

SERVICE FACTORS ( Fp )

Frequency Character Conditions Daily

of of of Operating
Shock Chain Loading Operation Period

Infrequent Uniform or Steady Clean and moderate 8-10 hours

(1) (1) room temperature (1)
(1)

Frequent Moderate shock Moderately dusty 24 hours

(1.2) (1.2) (1.2) (1.2)

Heavy shock Unprotected from weather,

(1.5) dusty, dirty, corrosive condi-
tions or unusual temperatures
within permissible operating
range.
(1.4)

Note: "Start-Stop" type of operation can constitute shock loading.

TABLE 6

WORKING LOAD SPEED FACTORS ( Fs )

SPEED FACTOR TABLE FOR STEEL CHAINS

No. FEET PER MINUTE

of
Teeth 10 50 100 150 200

6 .917 1.37 2.00 2.91 4.41

7 .855 1.13 1.44 1.81 2.29
8 .813 1.04 1.26 1.49 1.76
9 .794 .980 1.17 1.36 1.55
10 .775 .943 1.09 1.24 1.37
12 .741 .862 .990 1.10 1.21
14 .735 .833 .935 1.02 1.11
16 .725 .813 .893 .971 1.05

15
 ®

Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association

5672 Strand Court, Suite 2
Naples, Florida 34110

Web Site: http://www.cemanet.org