PRELIMINARIES
📃Make a list of products, such as food,
appliances, essential things or gadgets, inside
your home.
📃 Determine which countries most products you
and your family have.
Example:
Huawei Laptop - China
Defining
GLOBALIZATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Define the concept of Globalization in the contemporary world.
• Discuss the features of Globalization
• Evaluate one’s own experience under globalization.
How do we communicate?
What is our trading system?
GLOBALIZATION
The course’s
approach: The Study
of Globalization
• Globalization: inherently interdisciplinary
• See contemporary world through a broad
lens
• Allows us to examine various globalizing
processes
• Forces us to ask questions re: global
citizenship
The International Monetary
Fund defines globalization as
“the process through an
increasingly flow of ideas,
people, goods, services and
capital leads to integration of
economies and societies.”
According to Manfred Steger,
Globalization is the expansion and intensification
of social relations and consciousness across world-
time and across world-space.
Globalization is the expansion of
social relations. This is in recognition
that the globalization is mostly felt in
the cities or urban areas.
The second term
used is
intensification.
This means that
different countries
have become deeply
interconnected not
only economically,
socially but also
politically.
Lastly, Steger talks about the consciousness
across world time and space. In order to
understand this, we need to recognize first that
the globalization as a process is dependent on
technological advancements - the speed through
which ideas, people and products travel in
different parts of the world is made possible due
to inventions and innovations.
The literature on the
definitions of globalization
revealed that definitions
could be classified as
either
(1) Broad and inclusive
(2)Narrow and exclusive
(1) Broad and inclusive
“Globalization means
the onset of the
borderless world.”
(Ohmae, 1992)
(2) Narrow and exclusive
the characteristics of the
globalization trend include the
internationalizing of production, the
new international division of labor,
new migratory movements from
South to North, the new competitive
environment that accelerates these
processes, and the internationalizing
of the state…making states into
agencies of the globalizing world”
(Robert Cox – as cited in RAWOO-
NDARC, 2000)
GL
OB
AL
IZA
TIO
N
Globalization
The process of world shrinkage, of
distances getting shorter things
moving closer. Pertains to the
increasing ease with which somebody
on one side of the world can interact,
to mutual benefit with somebody on
the other side of the world.” (Thomas
Larsson, 2001)
- The Race to the Top:
The Real Story of Globalization
Globalization
It is a trans planetary process or
a set of processes involving
increasing liquidity and the
growing multidirectional flows of
people, objects, places, and
information as well as the
structures they encounter and
create that are barriers to, or
expedite those flows.. (Ritzer,
2015)
Globalization
It is a ‘world of things’ that
have different speeds, axes,
point of origin and
termination, and varied
relationships to institutional
structures in different regions,
nations, or societies.
(Arjun Appadural, 1996) – as cited in
Chowdhury, 2006
Globalization
It is a reality. It is changing as
human society develops.
It is complex, multifaceted,
and can be influenced by the
people who define it.
Academic definition
• As opposed to
popular/activist
definition:
• Not “neoliberal
globalization”/
“market
globalism”
For a political scientist
Political scientist:
“Challenge to the
nation state.”
• Strength of regional
blocks
• Emergence of
global political
norms
• Emergence of
corporations
For the economist…
• Increased free
trade
• Speed of trade
(milliseconds to trade
shares)
• Global economic
organizations
• Regional trade
blocks
Global Economic
Organizations
Global Economic
Organizations
Intergovernmental organizations
and the world economy
IGO FULL TITLE FUNCTION
IMF International To promote
Monetary Fund international
monetary stability
IBRD International Bank To promote
for Reconstruction economic recovery
and Development and development
(World Bank)
WTO World Trade To supervise and
Organization promote
international trade
Global Economic
Organizations
Global Economic
Organizations
Regional Trade
Blocs
For the scholar of culture and
communication
• “Global village”
• Communications
technology as
“shrinking” our
world
• “Cultural
imperialism”
Attributes of
Globalization
1. Various forms of connectivity
2. Expansion and stretching of social
relations
3. Intensification and acceleration of
social exchanges and activities
4. Occurs subjectively
1. Various forms of connectivity
•They are diverse (can be economic,
political, cultural, etc.)
•They are enabled by various
factors, pressures, media, etc.
•They are uneven (different degrees
of interconnection)
2. Expansion and Stretching of Social
Relations
1. NGOs
2. Friendships/Relationships
3. Government associations
4. MNCs
3. Intensification and Acceleration of
Social Exchanges and Activities
•1. From snail mail, to email, to Facebook
•2. Live television (and streaming services)
•3. Increased travel (cheap flights)
4. Occurs Subjectively
1. We think about the world
(#PrayforParis for example)
2. We associate ourselves with
global trends (fan of K-Pop)
3. Hopefully, we feel some
sense of responsibility (climate
change)
The facility of
communication has made
it possible for people to be
immediately informed of
events without being
physically present at such
events.
GLOBALIZATION (areas affected)
•Media • Religion
•Food/Delicacies • Original Products
•Music
• Education
•Economy
•Technology • Terrorism
•Literature • Tourism
•Transportation
• Mobility
What is the G7?
• Also known as the Group of Seven, these
countries are seven of the largest economies of
the world.
• Together, they represent more than 62 per cent
of the global net wealth ($280trillion).
• The group was founded in the early 1970s as the
seven countries discussed concerns about the
collapse of the oil industry.
• It offers the leaders of these nations the chance
to come together and tackle the most
challenging global issues of the time.
Which countries are members?
• The
seven
members are:
• Canada
• France
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• United Kingdom
• United States
CONCLUSION
1. How have you experienced globalization? Provide one
example of each of (1) goods, (2) services, (3) ideas
that has become widely accessible due to
globalization and explain why your examples are good
representative of globalization (apart from the
examples given in the reading!).
2. In your own words, what lesson that we can learn from
the blind men parable specifically in understanding
many issues around the world?
3. What issue in the country or the world right now is the
most interesting and relevant for you? (Aside from
Global Pandemic).
