GREEN SOLUTIONS FOR WHITE SHOE STAINS: UNVEILING THE POWER OF

ALOE VERA AND KAMIAS IN AN ECO-FRIENDLY WHITE STAIN REMOVER

FOAMING CREAM

(An Experimental Research)

Mercy Junior College, Inc. Rizal Street, Poblacion

Tubod Lanao Del Norte

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Researchers:

Marrack, Rhianne Gerbie

Carnable, Javie Jane

Ardon, Chienefe

Laca, Noraima

Lahoylahoy, Perlie Kish

Fernandez, Jenzon
 ABSTRACT

This experimental research investigates the effectiveness of a green solution for shoe

stain removal, utilizing Averrhoa Bilimbi and Aloe Barbadensis Miller extracts as primary active

ingredients. The study aims to evaluate the capability of these natural compounds in effectively

eliminating various types of stains commonly encountered on footwear, while prioritizing

environmental sustainability. The research reveals the efficacy of the botanical extracts in lifting

stains, alongside their eco-friendly properties. The findings highlight the potential of harnessing

natural resources for sustainable solutions in shoe care, offering insights into environmentally

conscious consumer product development.

Respondents and research design.

This research demonstrates the potential of Averrhoa Bilimbi and Aloe Barbadensis

Miller extracts as eco-friendly alternatives for shoe stain removal. The study's findings suggest

that these natural compounds are effective in eliminating various types of stains commonly

found on footwear. By emphasizing environmental sustainability, this research contributes to the

growing body of knowledge on green solutions for shoe care, encouraging the development of

eco-conscious consumer products.

However, it is essential to acknowledge the limitations of this study, such as the scope of

tested stains and the need for further research on the optimal concentrations and application

methods of the extracts. Future studies could expand on these aspects and explore the potential

synergies between these botanical extracts and other natural ingredients for even more effective

and sustainable shoe care solutions. Overall, the implications of this research encourage further
exploration of natural resources for developing environmentally friendly products in various

industries.

Result:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Introduction

In recent years, there has been a growing concern over the environmental impact of

conventional household products, particularly those containing harsh chemicals. Among these

products, stain removers used for clothing and footwear often contain ingredients that can be

harmful to both human health and the environment. As awareness of sustainability and eco-

conscious living continues to rise, there is an increasing demand for alternative, eco-friendly

solutions that effectively tackle common household tasks while minimizing negative

environmental effects. Previous research reviewing the health hazards of cleaning agents have

shown that this product group involves multiple health hazards. A survey of 105 products

identified as commonly used by Swiss cleaning companies found irritation to be the most

frequent hazard, in addition the R-phrases ‘harmful if swallowed’ (R22) and ‘risk of serious

damage to eyes’ (R41) each occurred in 6 out of 10 products (Gerster et al., 2019). Fragrances

and enzymes in cleaning agents may also pose allergy risks to users (Basketter et al. 2019).

Indeed, established fragrance allergens were found in almost half of 1447 cleaning agents found

in 131 German homes (Wieck et al., 2020).

Several chemicals in cleaning agents are known contact allergens, such as fragrances,

preservatives, and disinfectants, and these chemicals have a potential to cause allergic contact

dermatitis (ACD). In previously sensitized persons re-exposure to the allergen will cause eczema

(Jakasa et al., 2019). Furthermore, frequent exposure to skin irritants such as detergents, alcohol,
soap, and water may cause breakdown of the outer layer of the skin barrier leading to the

development of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Several studies have shown that healthcare

personnel and cleaning workers are among professions that are at risk to develop occupational

contact dermatitis (both ICD and ACD) (Mirabelli et al., 2019; Bauer, 2020; Machovcová et al.,

2020; Caroe et al., 2021).

In an era characterized by heightened environmental consciousness, our research was

conducted with the purpose of exploring the potential of natural and sustainable ingredients, such

as Aloe Vera and Kamias. Addressing the growing concern for environmentally-friendly

products, we aimed to contribute to raising awareness about the effectiveness of green solutions.

By highlighting an innovative approach to the cleaning industry and focusing on the

development of an eco-friendly white stain remover foam cream, our research sought to tackle

everyday problems like removing stubborn white stains from shoes. This endeavor aimed to

promote a more sustainable lifestyle. In our study, we seek to examine the potential of these

natural and sustainable ingredients for the creation of an eco-friendly white stain remover foam

cream. Emphasizing the innovative nature of this approach within the cleaning industry, we

concentrate on developing a green solution. Our goal is to contribute to raising awareness about

the efficacy of environmentally conscious products in addressing everyday challenges, including

the removal of persistent white stains from footwear. Nonetheless, we acknowledge the

limitation of our research, which primarily focuses on Aloe Vera and Kamias. To further

advance the field and promote a more sustainable lifestyle, we encourage additional research

exploring a broader spectrum of natural and sustainable alternatives for various cleaning

applications. This endeavor will ultimately contribute to diminishing the environmental impact

of everyday products.
 The primary objectives of our research are threefold: first, to develop an eco-friendly

alternative foaming shoe stain remover incorporating Kamias and Aloe Vera, with a focus on

selecting sustainable ingredients. Second, we aim to detail the procedural steps involved in

producing a white shoe stain remover, emphasizing eco-friendly methods and practices. Lastly,

we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of the eco-friendly foaming shoe stain remover, particularly

in terms of its stain removal capabilities. In this study, we concentrate on exploring the potential

of natural and sustainable ingredients, such as Kamias and Aloe Vera, to create a green solution

for addressing everyday challenges in shoe care. By focusing on these specific ingredients, we

aim to provide insights into their suitability for use in an eco-friendly stain remover foam cream.

Additionally, we will outline the production process, highlighting environmentally conscious

techniques and practices.

While our research primarily focuses on Kamias and Aloe Vera, we acknowledge that

there may be other natural and sustainable alternatives with similar or even better potential for

use in eco-friendly cleaning products. Furthermore, we recognize that our study may be limited

by factors such as budget constraints, available resources, and the scope of our investigation.

Despite these limitations, we believe that our research will contribute valuable information to the

growing body of knowledge on environmentally conscious products and sustainable living.

In conclusion, the choice to undertake this study is driven by the increasing concern over

the chemical-laden nature of commercial products, which potentially poses risks to human health

and the environment. With the growing awareness of the need for environmentally friendly and

sustainable alternatives, our research aims to address this issue by exploring the potential of

natural and sustainable ingredients, such as Kamias and Aloe Vera, in the development of an

eco-friendly white stain remover foam cream.

 The widespread use of chemicals in commercial products has raised concerns about their

impact on human health, including potential allergies, skin irritations, and long-term health

effects. Moreover, the environmental consequences of these chemicals, such as water pollution

and harm to ecosystems, have become increasingly apparent. By focusing on the development of

an eco-friendly stain remover, our study aims to contribute to the growing movement towards

more sustainable living and to promote the use of safer, non-toxic alternatives in everyday

products.

In the broader context, this research aligns with global efforts to reduce the reliance on

chemically-laden products and to encourage the adoption of more environmentally conscious

practices. By shedding light on the potential of natural and sustainable ingredients, we hope to

inspire further research and innovation in the field of eco-friendly cleaning solutions. Ultimately,

our study aims to empower individuals and communities to make informed choices that prioritize

health, well-being, and the preservation of our environment.

The study explores the potential of natural ingredients, specifically Kamias (Averrhoa

bilimbi) and Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), in creating an effective and environmentally

sustainable solution for removing shoe stains.

Background of the Study

Exposure to the sun and the demands of our daily activities often lead to the

accumulation of dirt and stains, particularly on the shoes worn by workers and students during

their workdays, various activities, and physical education classes. The challenge of finding time
to effectively clean and maintain shoes is compounded by the unpredictable nature of potential

stains, making it difficult to keep them in pristine condition.

The usage of bleach has been with people conveniently to provide an easy way to remove

stains on fabrics and footwears and because of its multi-purpose cleaning properties it can be

used to remove stains as well in places like bathrooms and utilities inside.

People remove stains from their clothes immediately with the use of commercialized

stain removes, detergents, etc. To serve the main purpose of bleach, they have or are made to be

powerful chemical to work that way. However, it can be harmful. According to independent

Vital Life, LLC, bleach is considered as chlorine- based corrosive substance. Bleach can still

cause skin burns or irritations or damage on other home surfaces even if it has been dilute. ‘Since

this chemical is powerful enough to kill even the worse bacteria, it makes sense that it poses a

danger to those who use it, and to anyone exposed to it’. It is nothing unknown, which also sort

of makes it more unalarming for most people.

One ingredient in stain removers is ammonia, and it is very efficient in breaking down

stains.

Bleach is cheap stain remover and it is convenient alongside the fact there is no other

method of stains that would be easy as simply pouring amounts of liquid on the stained parts,

though removing stains from fabrics and footwear is never that too simply easy. And that is why

the researchers looked for an ingredient or substance that people can also jour pour onto their

clothes and footwear to cleanse them without causing damage to their skin and health.
 Looking for safer substance for removing stains, the researchers come across the rarely

mentioned cictrus fruit, Kamias, or Averrhoa bilimbi L.., and Aloe Vera or Aloe Barbadensis

Miller..,

Aloe Vera and Kamias are both plants with various health benefits and uses. Kamias, also

known as bilimbi, is a fruit cultivated in the Philippines and tropical America, while aloe vera is

a cactus-like plant commonly found in hot and dry climates.

According to [Link], Kamias possess antibacterial, astringent, antiscorbutic,

febrifuge, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antifertility, and antimicrobial properties. On the other hand,

aloe vera has been used for thousands of years to treat various health conditions and is known for

its emollient, anti-inflammatory, purgative, antimicrobial, aphrodisiac, antifungal, and

antioxidant properties.

Kamias, similar to calamansi, has high vitamin C concentrations, making it a potential

ingredient for cleaning stains due to its oxalic acid. It is an affordable fruit that does not contain

any chemicals that could harm people's health. Aloe vera, often referred to as a " miracle plant,"

has therapeutic and functional properties that have increased its use in new food product design.

While it may be an uncommon idea to combine these two botanical ingredients to form

an alternative stain remover for shoes, their juices can be extracted and used for cleaning

purposes. This approach offers a practical alternative to commercial cleaning products, which

often contain chemicals that could potentially harm people or the environment. By using natural

ingredients like Kamias and aloe vera, we can reduce the risk of exposure to harsh chemicals and

contribute to a more sustainable and eco-friendly lifestyle.

 The researchers, whilst going through brainstorming and nonstop effort in developing

their research papers, the students came up with the idea of adding Glycerine and

Cocomidopropyl Betaine as a foaming booster ingredient.

Glycerin and Cocamidopropyl Betaine are eco-friendly ingredients due to their natural

origins and environmental benefits. Glycerin is a byproduct of biodiesel production from

vegetable oils and is biodegradable, while Cocamidopropyl Betaine is derived from coconut oil

and is a mild, biodegradable surfactant. Both contribute to the sustainability and reduced

environmental impact of products they are used in (Shields & Henderson, 2023).

The researchers aim to avoid a potential dilemma. The researchers desire to see the

effectiveness of Kamias and Aloe Vera for practical use.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the effects and contribution of “Averrhoa Bilimbi” and Aloe

Vera “Barbadensis Miller” in production. In addition, to process alternative ingredients from

natural resources as an effective economical and environmentally friendly shoe stain remover

paste.

This study aims to provide answers to the following questions.

1. What are the constituent components necessary for formulating an eco-friendly alternative

foaming shoe stain remover, particularly focusing on the incorporation of kamias and aloe vera?

1.1 Determine the required ingredients, including kamias and aloe vera.

2. What procedural steps are involved in creating a white shoe stain remover?
 3. What level of effectiveness does the white shoe stain remover exhibit in stain removal?

Research Objectives

1. To develop an eco-friendly alternative foaming shoe stain remover incorporating kamias and

aloe vera, focusing on ingredient selection.

2. To detail the procedural steps involved in producing a white shoe stain remover, with a focus

on emphasizing eco-friendly methods and practices.

3. To evaluate the effectiveness of the eco-friendly foaming shoe stain remover, particularly in

terms of its stain removal capabilities.

Significance of the Study

STUDENTS: This study provides students with an opportunity to engage in hands-on

experimental research focused on sustainable solutions for everyday problems. By exploring the

efficacy and eco-friendliness of the stain remover formulated with Averrhoa bilimbi and Aloe

barbadensis Miller, students gain valuable insights into the potential applications of natural

ingredients in product development. This research encourages critical thinking, problem-solving,

and environmental consciousness among students, preparing them for future careers in science,

engineering, and sustainability.

WORKERS: For Workers, this study offers a promising solution to effectively and

sustainably remove shoe stains. The eco-friendly stain remover derived from natural ingredients

not only contributes to maintaining the appearance and longevity of footwear but also aligns with

the growing demand for environmentally conscious products. Workers can benefit from the
practical application of this research by incorporating the developed stain remover into their

cleaning routines, promoting a greener approach to stain removal.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS: This study serves as a foundation for future research

endeavors focusing on eco-friendly alternatives for household cleaning products. Future

researchers can explore further applications of these natural ingredients in various cleaning

formulations. Additionally, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts in sustainable product

development and environmental conservation, inspiring future researchers to investigate

innovative solutions that prioritize both efficacy and eco-friendliness. The findings and

methodologies of this study can guide future research directions aimed at addressing

sustainability challenges in diverse industries.

Scope and Delimitation

This part of the study states the capability and range of the research. This study aims to

investigate the effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Kamias as key components in an eco-friendly

stain remover foaming cream specifically designed for white shoe stains. The experiment will be

conducted in the Science Laboratory at Mercy Junior College Incorporated in Tubod, Lanao del

Norte. We started our research in January 2024 and will continue until April 2024. The study is

applied at Mercy Junior College, INC. in Rizal street, Poblacion, Tubod, Lanao del Norte. The

target population for this study comprises students enrolled in Mercy Junior College

Incorporated, and data will be collected through purposive sampling.

Constraints such as budget limitations, available resources, and the scope of

investigation may affect the study's conduct. Due to limited resources for chemical testing in the
laboratory. The study will only use natural sources such as a brush and toilet tissue because those

are commonly used everytime we clean our shoes. The scope of the study will encompass the

development, formulation, and testing of the stain remover foam, focusing on its application on

various types of white shoe materials such as leather, canvas, and synthetic fabrics. The research

will evaluate the stain removal efficacy of the Aloe Vera and Kamias-based foaming cream on

common white shoe stains, including dirt, mud, grass, and food stains, while excluding other

types of shoe colors to maintain focus.

Additionally, the study will look at what makes the stain remover eco-friendly and saves

resources, without comparing it to commercial products.

Researchers will focus mainly on studying what's in the stain remover, how Aloe Vera

and Kamias work together.

The study will delimit itself to evaluating the stain removal efficacy of the Aloe Vera and

Kamias-based foaming cream on common white shoe stains, including dirt, mud, grass, and food

stains. The research will exclude other types of stains and colors of shoes to maintain focus on

the specific application of the eco-friendly stain remover to white shoes.

Theoretical Framework ADD MORE Dili lang kay sa Kamias ug Aloe Vera

According to Indian J Dermatol of Indian Journal Dermatology, the use of natural

ingredients for cleaning and maintaining household items has been gaining popularity due to

their eco-friendly nature properties (Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2019). Aloe vera and

kamias are two natural ingredients that have been traditionally used for various purposes, and

recent studies have shown their potential as effective cleaning agents.

 Sánchez, M., González-Burgos, E., Iglesias, I., & Gómez-Serranillos, M. P. (2020). Aloe

vera contains bioactive compounds such as aloin, aloe-emodin, and polysaccharides, which

possess antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds make aloe

vera an ideal candidate for stain removal and disinfection. On the other hand, kamias, also

known as bilimbi, is rich in oxalic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid, which give it acidic

properties that can effectively break down stains and dirt.

The acidic nature of kamias makes it an excellent agent for breaking down and dissolving

organic stains, including those found on white shoes (Hitalia et al., 2021). When applied to the

stained area, kamias reacts with the components of the stain, effectively loosening and lifting it

from the surface of the shoe. Aloe vera, on the other hand, acts as a gentle yet effective cleanser

due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties (Hitalia et al., 2021). Additionally, the

polysaccharides in aloe vera form a protective layer over the shoe material, preventing further

staining and providing a shine, etc.

Studies have shown that aloe vera and kamias are safe and non-toxic, making them

suitable for use on white shoes without causing damage to the material. Their natural

composition makes them an environmentally friendly alternative to harsh chemical cleaners, and

their efficacy in removing stains has been demonstrated in various cleaning applications (Hitalia

et al., 2021).

The application of aloe vera and kamias as white shoe stain removers can be further

explored through empirical studies to optimize the formulation and application process. Future

research can focus on developing commercial products based on aloe vera and kamias for

household cleaning, taking into account factors such as shelf stability and user-friendliness

Bolea, D. (2019). Acceptability of Kamias Fruit Extract as a Main Ingredient in Stain Remover.
 In conclusion, the theoretical framework presented here outlines the scientific basis for

using aloe vera and kamias as a white shoe stain remover. Their chemical composition,

mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety make them promising natural alternatives for

household cleaning applications. Further research and development in this area can lead to the

creation of eco-friendly, sustainable cleaning products that leverage the potential of these natural

ingredients.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Gather Kamias and Aloe 1. Evaluating an

vera. Environmentally

2. Wash, chop, and juice Sustainable Stain

Kamias; extract Remover Made from

1. Kamias
Aloe gel. Bilimbi and Aloe
2. Alovera
3. Mix Kamias juice and 2. The efficacy of the stain
3. Glycerin
Aloe gel, add remover, featuring
4. Water
glycerin, then water. Averrhoa bilimbi and
5. Cocomidopro
4. Prepare foamy cream Aloe barbadensis Miller,
pyl Betaine
using glycerin and will be assessed by

cocamidopropyl observing its impact on

betaine. Mix well. the removal of stains from

5. Heat, cool, and adjust various surfaces.

 consistency. 3. collection of data based

Definition of Terms

The terms below are defined to give a better understanding of the words that are used in

the study.

A stain is defined as a discoloration brought about by contact with a foreign substance

which is difficult to remove.

Kamias or also known as Averrhoa bilimbi, is a small tree, up to 10 m tall. The flowers

are purplish red and occur on the trunk or branches in pendulous clusters. At maturity, the fruit is

yellowish green and tastes very sour, hence it is usually eaten as a relish.

“Aloe vera, also known as Aloe barbadensis Miller, is a cactus-like plant that grows in

hot, dry climates.” It is cultivated in subtropical regions around the world, including the southern

border areas of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Historically, aloe has been used for

skin conditions and was thought to improve baldness and promote wound healing.

Stain remover refers to a substance or product designed to remove stains from surfaces,

fabrics, or materials. Stains can be caused by various substances such as dirt, oil, food, ink, or

biological fluids, and stain removers are formulated to break down and lift these stains, restoring

the affected surface to its original appearance. Research on stain removers typically involves

evaluating their efficacy in removing different types of stains, analyzing their chemical

compositions, exploring their mechanisms of action, assessing their environmental impact, and

comparing their performance with other stain removal methods or products.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This section presents a review of related literature and studies for the current study of the

Green Solutions for Shoe Stains: Unveiling the Power of Aloe Vera And Kamias In An Eco-

Friendly Stain Remover Foaming Cream.

Stain

A stain is a mark or discoloration, and to stain something is to mark it with dirt or color

it, either deliberately or accidentally, according to [Link]. (n.d.).

Extended exposure to sunlight is a primary reason behind yellow discoloration on shoes.

This occurs due to a chemical interaction between ultraviolet rays and the paint or dye used on

the shoes. Consequently, prolonged sun exposure can lead to the yellowing of your white shoes.

It's inevitable that shoes will become soiled over time; it's simply part of wearing them. White

shoes, in particular, have a tendency to develop a yellowish hue if not cleaned regularly.

Based on “Seven Types of Stain - the Finishing Store” (2020), there are seven variant

types of stains: Oil stains, Gel stains, Lacquer stains, Water soluble dye stains, and Metal-

Conflict Dye stains.

Shoes are the most common to get stained on specifically. White shoes are stylish and

bright when new and clean, but they can get dirty quickly from normal wear (Singh, 2023).

White shoes are a popular wardrobe item, but they easily show scuffs, stains, and dirt that

can make them appear dull and discolored. Sun exposure after washing is a major culprit for
yellowing of white shoes. Detergent or cleaner residue left inside the shoes can also cause

undesirable yellowing. Regular wear over time allows sweat and grime to get lodged in the fabric

or leather, leading to a yellow tint. Proper care and cleaning can help maintain the bright

whiteness of white shoes. However, some yellowing from sun damage, cleaning agents, and

daily wear is expected. Keeping white shoes pristine white involves diligent effort to prevent

stains and protect from discoloration. Still, a slight yellowish hue tends to develop due to the

fragile nature of white materials.

Stain Remover

The stain remover is used to remove or mask stains from textiles. According to

(Description: Comparison Between Homemade Stain Remover and Commercial Stain Remover

for Textiles / Nur Syaliza Musa [Et Al.], n.d.). Commercial stain removers are store-bought

cleaning products, usually liquid or powder. Commercial stain remover usually contains

surfactant and hydrogen peroxide. Surfactants in cleaning products allow for the stains to be

suspended using phospholipids, a class of lipids (fats) that have a glycerol, hydrophilic

(attracted to water) head, and two fatty acid chains that are hydrophobic (repel water), and

easily washed away.

Kamias

The bilimbi, Averrhoa bilimbi, L., (Oxalidaceae), is closely allied to the carambola but

quite different in appearance, manner of fruiting, flavor and uses. The tree may be distinguished

readily from the carambola by its larger leaves, which have five to seventeen pairs of leaflets in

place of two to five.

A pretty, usually small or medium sized tree. The tree is long-lived, reaches 16 to 33 ft (5-10 m)

in height. It is easily identified by its thin, bright green, pinnate leaves that dangle their leaflets in

a limp fashion, giving the tree an exhausted air.

The leaves are borne on leaflets often containing several dozen smaller leaf-pairs, which close

together at night. Flowers bloom from the trunk, often in great number toward the bottom of the

tree. Fruits follow, and a single tree often produces hundreds and hundreds of fruits.

Bilimbi is grown in home gardens due to its attractive small purplish-red flowers borne in

clusters along the trunk and branches.

Thulaja (n.d.) The belimbing, also known as camias or (kamias), is native to Malaysia

and Indonesia. It belongs to the same family as the sweeter starfruit, which the Malays call

bilimbing manis to distinguish it from the camias, which they call belimbing asam for its sour-

tasting fruits. The fruit’s scientific name, Averrhoa bilimbi, is derived from Averroes (1126 -

1198), a famous Moorish physician, and bilimbi is from the Malay name for the fruit, belimbing.

Based in Real, Quezon, KUMARE is now commercializing kamias commonly known as

bilimbi, cucumber tree, or tree sorrel, which are growing abundantly in Quezon.

Kamias grows in clusters and the tree is often found in backyards. It is commonly eaten raw or

dipped in rock salt or dried to be used as souring ingredient in cooking traditional Filipino dishes

like paksiw or sinigang. They are also processed into pickled, dried candies, and juice.

Beyond its uses as food, kamias is also believed to have medicinal properties and is used as

treatment on itches or skin eruptions, rheumatism, swelling, or mumps. Not to forget the
common rural use in whitening fingernails, bleaching or removing stains in clothes or rust and

tarnish from brass.

Oxalate is an organic acid found in plants. Oxalic acid occurs in lots of foods in small

amounts and a few foods in large amounts. Kamias contains a high percentage of oxalic acid, so

much that some companies use it as the main ingredient in organic detergents. Kamias as a stain

remover is inexpensive H (2021).

Kamias has an anti-bacterial effect and high-oxalic content. The product is eco-friendly

and affordable, According to Bolea, D. (2019, January 18).

Kamias leaves extract has been used to synthesize carbon nanodots, which have shown

antibacterial properties and potential wound healing abilities. Li et al. (2021) Carbon nanodots

(C-dots) are a new member of carbon materials with sizes below 10 nm. It is investigated that C-

dots are also conjugated systems. Such tiny material owns many advantageous features including

strong fluorescence, robust chemical inertness, easy functionalization, low toxicity, and good

biocompatibility. Thus, it is a very promising filler for thermosets to build functional polymer

materials.

According to Hitalia et al. (2021b), Bleach was the most effective in removing the stains

and whitening the fabric, followed by the kamias extract. In terms of removing stains, whitening

the cloth, and availability in the neighborhood, the extract was found to have the best results.

We, therefore, recommended the use of kamias extract as an alternative organic stain remover for

fabrics and be used by the households. Being derived from natural fruit extract and contain no

dangerous chemicals, the product is safe for human use and environment-friendly.
Aloe Vera

According to (Aloe Vera, n.d.) Aloe is a cactus-like plant that grows in hot, dry climates.

It is cultivated in subtropical regions around the world, including the southern border areas of

Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.

Aloe vera is a herb with succulent leaves that are arranged in a rosette. The leaves are

grey to green and sometimes have white spots on their surfaces. They have sharp, pinkish spines

along their edges and are the source of the colorless gel found in many commercial and

medicinal products. (Aloe Vera, n.d.-b).

As mentioned by Surjushe et al. (2020), The Aloe vera plant has been known and used

for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe vera

derives from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning “shining bitter substance,” while “vera” in Latin

means “true.” 2000 years ago, the Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea.

The Egyptians called Aloe “the plant of immortality.” Today, the Aloe vera plant has been used

for various purposes in dermatology.

Based on (Find Trees & Learn | University of Arizona Campus Arboretum, n.d.), these

aloes can grow up to 3 feet tall. It is a short-stemmed succulent with pale grayish-green fleshy

leaves that grow up to 18 inches long (1,2). These leaf margins contain white teeth. Flowering

occurs in the summer when the plant is mature. The flower stalk rises as much as 3 feet high,

forming closely spaced, yellow, tubular flowers that point downward. Following pollination, the

flower

Aloe Vera extract has greater antibacterial properties against bacteria (Ibrahim et al.

2020). Aloe vera contains polyphonls, anthranoids and mineral components (chromium, calcium,
iron, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc) as well as vitamins (C, E, B1, B2, B3, B6,

B12 and folic acid).

The Aloe vera peel extract group showed a significant decline in the number of bacterial

colonies that showed its remarkable antibacterial activity according to the study of S. M., & Ali,

S. (2023).
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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

The chapter provides the methods used in the current study. This section covers the study design,

research respondents, research locations, the research instrument and instrument validation, the

data collection process, and data analysis.

Research Design

This study used phenomenological research design to provide an in-depth exploration of

individuals' lived experiences and perceptions concerning the use of Aloe Vera and Kamias in an

eco-friendly stain remover foaming cream for white shoe stains. By uncovering the subjective

meanings and interpretations associated with green solutions, the study seeks to contribute

valuable insights into the potential benefits and impact of eco-friendly alternatives in everyday

practical contexts.

Research Setting

The experiment will be conducted in the Science Laboratory at Mercy Junior College

Incorporated in Tubod, Lanao del Norte. To ensure the participants' privacy and comfort, create a

safe space to share their experiences openly.

Figure 3.1 Map of Mercy Junior College Inc. Figure 3.2 Source: Google Maps

Actual photo

Participants

To ensure representation across various educational levels, 90 participants will be

selected from the Junior and Senior high school, comprising students aged approximately 12 to

18 years.

Recommendation

The research on "Green Solutions for White Shoe Stains: Unveiling the Power of Aloe

Vera and Kamias in an Eco-Friendly White Stain Remover Foaming Cream" showcases the

potential effectiveness of utilizing Aloe Vera and Kamias extracts in developing an eco-friendly

solution for white shoe stains.

To further enhance the effectiveness of the research, it is imperative to explore avenues

for optimization. This could involve fine-tuning the formulation to maximize the stain-removing

efficacy while minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, conducting rigorous testing to

evaluate the long-term performance of the foaming cream would provide valuable insights into

its sustained effectiveness over time.

Moreover, comparative studies with conventional and other eco-friendly stain removers

can offer a comprehensive understanding of the cream's effectiveness relative to existing

products in the market. Furthermore, considering consumer perceptions and feedback regarding

the cream's usability and stain-removing effectiveness would be instrumental in refining the

product to meet consumer needs and expectations.

Incorporating these improvements holds the promise of elevating the effectiveness of the

eco-friendly white stain remover foaming cream, thereby advancing its applicability in

sustainable cleaning practices and contributing to environmental conservation efforts.

Data Gathering Procedure

This section explains the methods we use to gather data for our research. We will request

approval from the administrator of Mercy Junior College Incorporated to conduct our experiment

in the Science Laboratory located on campus. Once we receive approval, we will begin our

experiment. The instruments we will use for gathering data include experimentation, observation,

and focus group discussions.

Preparation and Making Aloe Vera And Kamias In an Eco-Friendly Stain Remover

Foaming Cream.

1. Gather fresh Kamias "Averrhoa bilimbi" and Aloe vera leaves "Aloe barbadensis Miller."
2. Wash the Kamias thoroughly and chop it into smaller pieces.

3. Extract the juice from the Kamias by blending and then straining it.

4. Obtain pure gel from the Aloe vera leaves.

5. Mix the Kamias juice and Aloe vera gel in a bowl.

6. Slowly add Glycerin while stirring until the mixture becomes smooth.

7. Ensure thorough mixing by stirring the mixture well.

8. Gradually pour Water into the mixture while stirring until it reaches your desired

consistency.

9. Adjust the consistency

10. Transfer the stain remover to appropriate containers for storage and label them with the

product name and any necessary instructions or precautions.

Preparation and Making Foaming Cream

1. Measure out 32g of Glycerin, 30g of Cocamidopropyl Betaine

2. Thoroughly mix all the ingredients in a bowl until evenly combined.

3. Transfer the mixture to a double boiler and heat it for 15 minutes.

4. While heating, stir the mixture regularly to ensure uniform warming.

5. Initially, the mixture may seem thick and granular.

6. After 5 minutes, you may notice the mixture becoming smoother.

7. By the 10-minute mark, it may take on a more liquid and creamy appearance.

8. Once heated, remove the mixture from the double boiler and let it cool at room

temperature.

9. Allow it to cool completely, either for a few hours or overnight if preferred=.

10. After 2.5 hours, give it another stir and let it sit for an additional hour.
 11. Check the consistency after the allotted time, adjusting as necessary.

12. If it's too firm, let it sit for another 30 minutes.

13. Once the desired consistency is reached, whip the mixture to incorporate air and create

foam.

14. Use a spatula to ensure thorough mixing, eliminating any lumps at the bottom.

15. Finally, introduce 1.5g of preservative to the mixture, ensuring even distribution through

mixing.

Combining the Foam and Stain Remover

1. After preparing the foam and stain remover, carefully combine them into the mixture

until they are evenly blended.

2. Make sure that the foam is fully integrated into the stain remover, being careful not to

over-mix to preserve the foamy texture.

3. Once combined, transfer the mixture into a foaming dispenser and label it appropriately

for easy identification and use.

Research Instrument

Materials/Tools/Utensils to be used Quantity

Kamias ½ kilo

Aloe Vera ½ kilo

 Glycerine 44 g

Cocomidopropyl Betaine 60 g

Blender 1

Mixing Bowl 3

Mixer 1

Container 3

Statistical and Data Analysis

This statistical and data analysis investigates the efficacy of Aloe Vera and Kamias

extracts in an eco-friendly white stain remover foaming cream for eliminating white shoe stains.

Utilizing a purposive sampling method and survey questionnaire in qualitative research, the

study aims to gather participants' perceptions regarding the product's effectiveness. The study

focuses solely on the purposive sampling method. Findings will be interpreted to assess overall

effectiveness and provide recommendations for improvement. This study contributes to the

development of sustainable solutions for white shoe stain removal.