Control
Charts
X Bar Chart & P Chart
Control Charts
VARIABLES CONTROL CHARTS
Variable data are measured on a continuous scale. For example: time, weight,
distance or temperature can be measured in fractions or decimals.
Applied to data with continuous distribution
Eg: X chart and R chart
ATTRIBUTES CONTROL CHARTS
Attribute data are counted and cannot have fractions or decimals.
Attribute data arise when you are determining only the presence or absence of
something: success or failure, accept or reject, correct or not correct.
Applied to data following discrete distribution
Eg: P chart and C chart
Introduction to X Bar chart
quality control and
manufacturing processes
Constructing X Bar Chart
A quality control inspector at the Cocoa Fizz soft drink company has taken three
samples with four observations each of the volume of bottles filled. If the standard
deviation of the bottling operation is .2 ounces, use the data below to develop
control charts with limits of 3 standard deviations for the 16 oz. bottling operation.
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
Observation 1
15.8 16.1 16.0
Observation 2 16.0 16.0 15.9
Observation 3 15.8 15.8 15.9
Observation 4 15.9 15.9 15.8
Step 1:
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
Observation 1
15.8 16.1 16.0
Calculate the Mean of
Observation 2 16.0 16.0 15.9
Each Sample
Observation 3 15.8 15.8 15.9
Observation 4 15.9 15.9 15.8
Sample Means
15.875 15.975 15.9
( X- Bar)
Step:2
Calculate the Standard
Deviation of the sample mean
Step 3
Draw the X Bar chart
P Chart:
P-chart uses the proportion of
defective items in a sample as the
sample statistic.
P-chart can be used when it is
possible to distinguish between
defective and non defective items
and to state the number of
defectives as a percentage of the
whole.
P Chart Example SAMPLE
No. of
Defective
No. of Tires
in each
Tires Sample
1
P-Chart Example: A production manager 3 20
for a tire company has inspected the
number of defective tires in five random 2 2 20
samples with 20 tires in each sample.
The table below shows the number of 3 1 20
defective tires in each sample of 20
4 2 20
tires. Calculate the control limits.
5 1 20
SAMP
No. of
Defectiv
No. of
Tires in Proportion
Solution
LE each Defective
e Tires
Sample
1
3 20 .15
2 2 20 .10
3 1 20 .05
4 2 20 .10
5 1 20 .05
Total 9 100 .09
P- Control Chart
CONCLUSION
