1 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

EXERCISE – 1: Basic Objective Questions

Alternating Current 4. A generator produces a voltage that is given by V =
1. An ac voltage is represented by 240 sin (120 t) volt, where t is in second. The
frequency and r.m.s. voltage are:
E = 220 2 cos ( 50 ) t
(a) 60 Hz. and 240 volt (b) 19 Hz and 120 volt
How many time will the current become zero is 1 s ?
(c) 19 Hz and 170 volt (d) 754 Hz and 170 volt
(a) 50 times (b) 100 times
Ans. (c)
(c) 30 times (d) 25 times
Sol.
Ans. (a)
V = V0 sin t = 240sin (120t )
Sol. E=E0cosωt
V0
240
Vrms = = = 170V
E=220 2cos ( 50π ) t 2 2
ω=50π 1  120
f= = = = 19Hz
2πγ=50π T 2 2
γ=25Hz 5. In general, in an alternating current circuit
So current became zero 50 time in 1 sec. (a) the average value of current is zero
2. The peak value of AC voltage on 220 V mains i (b) the average value of square of current is zero
(a) 240 2 V (b) 230 2 V (c) average power dissipation is zero
(d) the phase difference between voltage and current
(c) 220 2 V (d) 200 2 V
is zero.
Ans. (c)
Ans. (a)
Sol. Here, rms voltage, Vrms = 220 V
Sol.
Using the relation,
i = i0 sin ( t +  )
Peak voltage VP
Vrms = = sin ( t +  ) full cycle
=0
2 2
i =0
 Peak value of AC voltage
VP = 220 2 V
6. The time taken by an alternating current of 50 Hz in
3. Alternating voltage V = 400 sin (500  t) is applied reaching from zero to its maximum value will be
across a resistance of 0.2 k . The r.m.s. value of
(a) 0.5 s (b) 0.005 s
current will be equal to
(c) 0.05 s (d) 5 s
(a) 14.14 A (b) 1.414 A
Ans. (b)
(c) 0.1414 A (d) 2.0 A
Sol.
Ans. (b)
Sol.
V = 400sin ( 500t )
V 400
i= = sin ( 500t )
R 0.2  103
i = 2sin ( 500t )
2
i rms = = 2 = 1.414 A An alternating current is one whose magnitude
2 changes continuously with time between zero and a
maximum value and whose direction reverses
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 2

periodically. The relation between frequency ( f ) and i = t2

time (T ) is
i2 = t 4
1 1 T
T= = = 0.02s
 t dt
4
f 50
i2 = 0
It is clear from the figure, time taken to reach the T

maximum value is  dt
0
T 0.02 T5 1
= = 0.005s i2 = 
4 4 5 T
7. 220 V, 50 Hz AC is applied to a resistor. The T4
i2 =
instantaneous value of voltage is 5
(a) 220 2 sin100 t (b) 220sin100 t i rms = i2
(c) 220 2 sin50 t (d) 220sin 50 t T2
=
Ans. (a) 5
Sol. We know that, instantaneous voltage 10. Alternating current cannot be measured by DC
E = E0 sint ammeter, because
But  = 2f (a) AC cannot pass through DC ammeter
 E = E0 sin2ft …(i) (b) AC changes direction
(c) Average value of current for complete cycle is
Given E0 = 220 2 V and f = 50 Hz
zero
On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
(d) DC ammeter will get damaged
E = 220 2 sin 2    50t Ans. (c)
= 220 2 sin100 t Sol. The full cycle of alternating current consists of two
8. The instantaneous values of current and voltage in an half cycles. For one-half, current is positive and for
AC circuit are given by I = 6sin(100 πt + π/4), V = 5 second-half, current is negative. Therefore, for an AC
sin (100 πt – π/4), then cycle, the net value of current average out to zero.
While the DC ammeter, reads the average value.
(a) current leads the voltage by 45°
Hence, the alternating current cannot be measured by
(b) voltage leads the current by 90° DC ammeter.
(c) current leads the voltage by 90°
11. If reading of an ammeter is 10 A, then the peak value
(d) voltage leads the current by 45°
of current is
Ans. (c)
10 5
Sol. The phase difference between instantaneous value of (a) A (b) A
2 2
I and V is
  (c) 20 2 A (d) 10 2 A
−−  =
4  4 2 Ans. (d)
Hence, current leads the voltage by 90° Sol. Ammeter reads the root mean square value of current
2 (irms) which is related to the peak value of current (i0)
9. If i = t for 0 < t < T, then r.m.s. value of current is :
by the relation
T2 T2
(a) (b) i0
2 2 i rms =  i 0 = 2  i rms
2
T2 = 2  10A = 10 2 A
(c) (d) none of these
5
Ans. (c)
Sol.
3 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

12. The instantaneous voltage through a device of

impedance 20Ω is e = 80 sin 100 πt. The effective
value of the current is
(a) 3 A (b) 2.828 A
(c) 1.732 A (d) 4 A
Ans. (b)
Sol. The instantaneous voltage through the given device, e
= 80 sin 100 πt .
The average value of output current in this case is,
Comparing the given instantaneous voltage with
I0 I0
standard instantaneous voltage (a) (b)
 2
e = e0sin t, we get
2I 0 I0
e0 = 80 V (c) (d)
 2
where, e0 is the peak value of voltage. Impedance
Ans. (c)
(Z) = 20 Ω
Peak value of current, Sol. I = I 0 sin (t +  )

e0 80 Average value for half cycle is given by

I0 = = = 4A
Z 20 2I 0
I T =
Effective value of current (root mean square value of
0 to
2 
current), 15. An ac is given by equation I = I1 cos ωt + I2 sin ωt.
I0 4 The rms value of current is given by:
Irms = = = 2 2 = 2.828A
(I + I )
2
2 2 I1 + I 2
(a) (b) 1 2
13. The peak value of an alternating current is 5 A and its 2 2
frequency is 60 Hz. Find its rms value and time taken
1 I12 + I22
to reach the peak value of current starting from zero. (c) I12 + I22 (d)
2 2
(a) 3.536 A, 4.167 ms
Ans. (c)
(b) 3.536 A, 15 ms
Sol. I = I1 cos t + I 2 sin t
(c) 6.07 A, 10 ms
(d) 2.536 A, 4.167 ms I= I12 + I 2 2 + 2I1I 2 cos 90
Ans. (a) I = I12 + I 2 2
i0 5 I
Sol. i rms = = = 3.536 A I rms =
2 2 2

Time period, T =
1 1
= = 0.01675 I12 + I 2 2
I rms =
f 60 2

 t=
T
= 4.16 ms I + I22
2

4 I rms = 1

2
14. The output current versus time curve of a rectifier is
AC Circuits
shown in figure.
16. A reactance of a 25 µF capacitor at the AC frequency
of 4000 Hz is
5
(a) (b) 10 

5
(c) (d) 10
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 4

Ans. (c) Sol. In L-R circuit,

Sol. Capacitive reactance
Impedance, Z = R 2 + X2L
1
XC = Here, XL = L = 2 fL
2 fC
Here f = 4000Hz,  Z = R 2 + 4 2f 2 L2
C = 25  10 −6 F 21. In a pure inductive circuit, current
1
= (a) lags behind emf by
2  4000  25  10−6 2
5
 XC = (b) leads the emf by
2
17. The inductive reactance of a coil of 0.2 H inductance (c) lags behind by π
at a frequency of 60 Hz is (d) leads the emf by π
Ans. (a)
(a) 7.54  (b) 0.754 
–3 Sol. In a pure inductive circuit, current lags behind the
(c) 75.4  (d) 7.54 × 10 
Ans. (c) emf by or 90.
2
Sol. Inductance = 2 fL = 2  3.14  60  0.2 = 75.4 22. What is the ratio of inductive and capacitive
18. The angular frequency of a.c. at which a coil of reactance in AC circuit?
inductance 1mH has a reactance of 1  is (a) 2LC (b) 1
(a) 10
3
(b) 10 (c) zero (d) 2L
–3 Ans. (a)
(c) 10 (d) 1
Ans. (a) Sol. Inductive reactance, XL = ωL Capacitive reactance,
Sol. 1
XC =
X L = L C
XL L
1 = 10 −3   = = 2
LC
XC 1/ C
 = 103
19. For high frequency, capacitor offers
23. The alternating current I in an inductance coil varies
(a) more resistance (b) less resistance with time according to graph given in figure
(c) zero resistance (d) None of these
Ans. (b)
Sol.
1
XC =
C
1
XC =
C  2f
1
XC 
f Which one of the following graphs, gives the varia-
20. The impedance of a circuit, when a resistance R and tion of voltage with time?
an inductor of inductance L are connected in series in
an AC circuit of frequency f, is

(a) R + 2 2 f 2 L2 (b) R + 4 2 f 2 L2

(c) R 2 + 4 2 f 2 L2 (d) R 2 + 2 2 f 2 L2 (a)

Ans. (c)
5 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Now, maximum potential difference

E 0 = E rms  2 = 120  2
= 169.68 V
26. In a series AC circuit, the AC voltage across
(b) resistance R, inductor L and capacitor C are 5 V, 10
V and 10 V respectively. The AC voltage applied to
the circuit will be
(a) 10 V (b) 25 V
(c) 5 V (d) 20 V
(c)
Ans. (c)
Sol. Given, VR = 5V, VL = 10 V, and VC = 10
In the L-C-R circuit, the AC voltage applied to the
circuit will be

V = VR2 + ( VL − VC )
(d) 2

Ans. (c)
= ( 5) + (10 − 10 ) = 5 V
2 2

Sol. In inductive circuit the voltage will be out phase

 27. A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series with
from currently by angle of and lead it. an AC source. If the potential drop across the
2
capacitor is 5 V and that across resistor is 12 V, then
24. A capacitor of 10 mF and an inductor of 1H are
applied voltage is
joined in series. An AC of 50 Hz is applied to this
(a) 13 V (b) 17 V
combination. What is the impedance of the
combination? (c) 5 V (d) 12 V
Ans. (a)
 1002 − 1 
(a) 28/πΩ (b)   Sol. Let the applied voltage be V volt.
  
(c) 10/πΩ (d) 20/πΩ
Ans. (b)
2 2
 1   1
Sol. Z =  ωL-  = 100π- 
 ωc   π
Here, VR = 12 V, VC = 5 V
1
 V = VR2 + VC2 = (12 ) + (5)
2 2
=100π-
π
= 144 + 25 = 169 = 13V

25. An alternating current of rms value 10 A is passed 28. An alternating emf given by equation
through a 12 Ω resistor. The maximum potential e = 300 sin [(100 π)t] volt
difference across the resistor is is applied to a resistance 100 Ω. The rms current
(a) 20 V (b) 90 V through the circuit is (in ampere)
(c) 169.68 V (d) None of these 3 9
(a) (b)
Ans. (c) 2 2
Sol. Given, Irms = 10 A 6
(c) 2 (d)
And R = 12  2
 E rms = I rms  R Ans. (a)
= 10  12 = 120 V Sol. The given equation,
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 6

e = 300 sin [(100 π)t ] volt …(i) 31. In the circuit shown in figure the r.m.s. value of e is 5
We know that, V and r.m.s. value of voltage drop across L is 3 V.
e = e0 sinωt … (ii)
On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii),
we get
e0 = 300 V
and R = 100Ω The r.m.s. value of voltage across R will be
The rms current through the circuit (a) 2 V (b) 3 V
irms = ? (c) 4 V (d) 0 V
e0 300 3 Ans. (c)
i rms = = = A
2R 2 100 2 Sol.
29. Which of the following curves, figure correctly
represent the variation of capacitive reactance (XC)
with frequency (f) ?

(a) (b)

From diagram we can say that,

V = VR 2 + VL 2
(c) (d) 5 = VR 2 + 32
Ans. (c)
VR = 4V
Sol.
32. An alternating voltage
1
XC = E = 200 sin (100 t) volt is connected to a 1  F
C
1 capacitor through an A.C. ammeter. The reading of
XC = ammeter is
C  2f
1 (a) 20 mA (b) 14.14 mA
XC 
f (c) 40 mA (d) 80 mA
Hence graph will be hyperbola Ans. (b)
30. For high frequency, inductor offers Sol.
V = 200sin (100t ) ,  = 100 rads −1
(a) more resistance (b) less resistance
(c) zero resistance (d) none of these
V 200
i= = = 200  100  10−6 = 20mA
1  1 
Ans. (a) C  100  10−6 
Sol. i 20
i r.m.s. = 0 = = 14.14mA
X L = L = 2f 2 2
XC  f

For high frequency inductor offers more resistance.

7 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

33. For the LR circuit shown in figure, the phase angle if 100
Sol. Resistance, R = = 10
frequency is 100/ is 10
Inductive reactance, XL = 2fL
100
= 2  50  L
8
1
L= H
8
X 'L = 2 f 'L
1
(a) 30° (b) 60° = 2  40  = 10
8
(c) 45° (d) 90°
Impedance of the circuit,
Ans. (c)
Sol. For LR circuit Z = R 2 + X 'L2

= (10 ) + (10 )
2 2
Z = R 2 + 2 L2 = 25 + 4  10 4  625  10 −6
= 25 + 25 = 50 = 5 2 = 10 2
R 5 1 Current in the circuit,
cos  = = =
Z 5 2 2 V 150 15
 = 45 i= = = A
Z 10 2 2
 0.4 
34. In an L-R circuit, the value of L is   H and the
  36. An inductive coil has a resistance of 100 Ω. When an
value of R is 30 Ω. If in the circuit, an alternating emf AC signal of frequency 1000 Hz is applied to the coil,
of 200 V at 50 cycle /s is connected, the impedance of the voltage leads the current by 45°. The inductance
the circuit and current will be of the coil is
(a) 11.4 Ω, 17.5 A (b) 30.7 Ω, 6.5 A 1 1
(a) (b)
(c) 40.4 Ω, 5 A (d) 50 Ω, 4 A 10 20
Ans. (d) 1 1
(c) (d)
Sol. Given, XL = L = 2fL 40 60

0.4 Ans. (b)

= 2  50  = 40
XL
Sol. tan =
R = 30 R
Z = R 2 + X 2 L = 50 L
 tan 45 =
V 200 R
i= = = 4A R
Z 50  L=  tan 45 = 1
35. An ideal choke draws a current of 8 A when
100
connected to an AC supply of 100 V, 50 Hz. A pure =  = 2 f
2  1000
resistor draws a current of 10 A when connected to
1
the same source. The ideal choke and the resistor are =
20
connected in series and then connected to the AC
source of 150 V, 40 Hz. The current in the circuit 37. An inductor of 1 H is connected across a 220 V, 50
becomes Hz supply. The peak value of the current is
approximately
15
(a) A (b) 8 A (a) 0.5 A (b) 0.7 A
2
(c) 1 A (d) 1.4 A
(c) 18 A (d) 10 A
Ans. (c)
Ans. (a)
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 8

Sol. Current (i0) = E0/XL X L = L

220  2 1
 i0 =
E0
= XL =  2 50
L 1 2  50 2
X L = 50
220  2 220  2
= = = 1A X L = 157
100 100  3.14
R = 109
38. An alternating voltage E = 200 2 sin (100t ) is
Z = R 2 + X L2
connected to 1 µF capacitor through AC ammeter.
The reading of ammeter shall be Z = 11881 + 24649
(a) 10 mA (b) 20 mA Z = 36530
(c) 40 mA (d) 80 mA Z = 191.1
V 100
Ans. (b) i= =
Z 191.1
Sol. Reading of ammeter
i = 0.523A
Vrms V0 C
= I rms = = 41. A resistor and a capacitor are connected to an ac
XC 2 supply of 200 V, 50 Hz in series. The current in the
200 2 100  (1 10−6 ) circuit is 2A. If the power consumed in the circuit is
= 100 watt, then the resistance in the circuit is
2
−2
= 2  10 A = 20 mA (a) 100Ω (b) 25 Ω

39. An AC source of frequency 50 Hz is connected in (c) 125  75  (d) 400 Ω

series to an inductance of 0.5 H and resistance of
Ans. (b)
157Ω. The phase difference between current and
voltage is Sol. Irms = 2 A
(a) 90 (b) 60 The power in the circuit,
(c) 75 (d) 45 P = 100 = I rms 2 R
Ans. (d) P = 100 = 22 R
XL L 2 fL  R = 25 
Sol. tan = = =
R R R 42. The circuit given in figure has a resistance less chock
2  3.14  50  0.5 coil L and a resistance R. The voltage across R and L
 tan = =1
157 are given in figure. The value of the applied voltage
 = 45 is

40. How much current will flow in a circuit having

resistance of 109  and an inductance of 0.5 H
connected to an A.C. supply of 100 V and 50 Hz in
series?
(a) 0.25 A (b) 0.52 A
(c) 0.75 A (d) 0.85 A
Ans. (b)
(a) 100 V (b) 200 V
Sol.
(c) 300 V (d) 400 V
Ans. (b)
Sol.
9 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

 =0
1
 XC = =
0
45. A 60 volt–10 watt bulb is operated at 100 volt–60 Hz
a.c. The inductance required is
(a) 2.56 H (b) 0.32 H
(c) 0.64 H (d) 1.28 H
Ans. (d)
VB = 60V
From phasor diagram PB = 10watt
1
Vac = V 2 R +V 2 L IB = A
6
= (120 ) + (160 )
2 2
R = 360
Vac =200V E V = 100V, f = 60Hz
1
Sol. IV = I =
A
6
43. If a circuit made up of a resistance 1Ω and inductance E 100
0.01 H; and alternating emf 200 V at 50 Hz is Z= V = = 600
IV IV
connected, then the phase difference between the
current and the emf in the circuit is ZL = Z2 − R 2 = 6002 − 3602
ZL = 480
 
(a) tan −1 ( ) (b) tan −1   480
2 L= = 1.273H
2 ( 60 )
   
(c) tan −1   (d) tan −1   L = 1.28H
4 3
Ans. (a)
46. A coil of resistance 200 ohm and self-inductance 1.0
XL
Sol. tan = henry has been connected to an a.c. source of
R
frequency 200/ Hz. The phase difference between
And XL = L = 2fL voltage and current is
= 2  50  0.01 =  Ω (a) 30° (b) 63°
Also, R = 1Ω  = tan −1
( ) (c) 45° (d) 75°
Ans. (b)

44. If the capacity of a condenser is 1 F, then its Sol.

resistance in a DC circuit will be
(a) zero (b) Infinity
1
(c) 1 (d)
2
Ans. (b)
Sol. Capacitive reactance (XC) is given
by XC = 1/ωC
where, ω is angular frequency and C the capacitance. From phasor diagram,
Also, ω = 2πf, where f is frequency.
In a DC circuit, f = 0
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 10

200 49. In L-C-R series A.C. circuit, the phase angle between
2 1
L 2fL  current and voltage is
tan  = = =
R R 200 (a) Any angle b/w 0 and  /2
 = tan −1 ( 2 )
(b) /2
 = 63
(c) 
47. A resistance of 20Ω is connected to a source of an
(d) any angle between 0 and /2
alternating potential V = 220sin (100 t ) . The time
Ans. (a)
taken by the current to change from the peak value to
rms value, is Sol. In L.C.R series AC circuit the phase angle between
(a) 0.2 s (b) 0.25 s current and the voltage is,
(c) 2.5 × 10-2 s (d) 2.5 × 10-3 s XL − XC
VL − VC = i ( X L − X C ) , tan  =
Ans. (d) R
Sol. The resistance will not create any phase difference If
 =100π VL  VC
2π 1 
T=
2π
= = s 0
 100π 50 2
Time taken to reach i rms if
T VL  VC
t rms = 
8 − 0
T 2
similarly t peak =
4  
   0, 
T T T  2
 T=t peak - t rms = - =
4 8 8 50. An inductor L, a capacitor of 20 µFand a resistor of
1 10 Ω are connected in series with an AC source of
 T= =2.5×10-3 s
50×8 frequency 50 Hz. If the current is in phase with the
Series RLC Circuits voltage, then the inductance of the inductor is

48. In an L-C-R series AC circuit, the voltage across each (a) 2.00 H (b) 0.51 H
of the components L C, and R is 50 V. The voltage (c) 1.5 H (d) 0.99 H
across the L-C combination will be Ans. (b)
(a) 50 V (b) 50 2 V Sol. In an L-C-R circuit, the current and the voltage are in
(c) 100 V (d) zero phase ( = 0), when
Ans. (d) 1
L −
Sol. In an L-C-R series AC circuit, the voltage across tan  = C = 0
R
inductor L leads the current by 90° and the voltage
1 1
across capacitor C lags behind the current by 90°.  L = L= 2
C C
Here,  = 2f
= 2  3.14  50 s-1 = 314 s-1
And C = 20 F = 20  10-6 F
1
 L=
(314s )  ( 20 10 F)
−1 2 −6

Hence, the voltage across L-C combination will be = 0.51H

zero. 51. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 300 V and an
angular frequency ω = 400rad/s is applied to series L-
11 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

C-R circuit, in which R = 3 Ω, L = 20 mH and C = XC

Hence tan = …(ii)
625 µF. The peak current in the circuit is 3 R
(a) 30 2 A (b) 60 A From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
XL = XC, this is the condition of resonance, Z = R =
(c) 100 A (d) 60 2 A
100 Ω.
Ans. (b)
Sol. The impedance of the circuit,
54. An L-C-R series circuit consists of a resistance of 10
Z = R 2 + ( XL − XC )
2 Ω, a capacitor of reactance 60 Ω and an inductor coil.
The circuit is found to resonate when put across a 300
 X L = L = 400  20  10 −3 = 8 V, 100 Hz supply. The inductance of coil is (Take, π
1 1 =3)
XC = = =4
C 400  625  10 −6 (a) 0.1 H (b) 0.01 H
Z= ( 3) + (8 − 4 ) = 5
2 2
(c) 0.2 H (d) 0.02 H
E 300 Ans. (a)
i= = = 60A
Z 5 Sol. Given, frequency, f = 100 Hz
Angular velocity, 0 = 2f = 2  100
52. In the circuit shown in figure, if value of R = 60 , 0 = 2  3  100 ( = 3)
then the current flowing through the condenser will
be = 600 rad/s
1
Further 0 = …(i)
LC
1
XC = = 60 = X L
C 0
Also, 0 L = 60
60
L= = 0.1H
600
55. Same current is flowing in two alternating circuits.
(a) 0.5 A (b) 0.25 A
The first circuit contains only inductance and the
(c) 0.75 A (d) 1.0 A other contains only a capacitor. If the frequency of
Ans. (b) the emf of AC is increased, the effect on the value of
VR 15 the current will be
Sol. i= = = 0.25 A
R 60 (a) increases in the first circuit and decreases in the
other
53. In an L-C-R circuit R = 100 Ω. When capacitance C
is removed, the current lags behind the voltage by (b) increases in both the circuits
π/3, when inductance L is removed, the current leads (c) decreases in both the circuits
the voltage by π/3. The impedance of the circuit is (d) decreases in the first circuit and increases in the
second circuit
(a) 50 Ω (b) 100 Ω
Ans. (d)
(c) 200 Ω (d) 400 Ω
Sol. We know that current in purely inductive circuit and
Ans. (b)
purely capacitive circuit is given by respectively,
Sol. When C is removed, circuit becomes R-L circuit
E0
X IL = sin ( t − / 2 )
Hence, tan = L …(i) L
3 R
E0
When L is removed, circuit becomes R-C circuit. And IC = sin ( t + / 2 )
1/ C
= E 0 sin t ( t + / 2 )  C
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 12

Here, ω is the angular frequency of the alternating The net voltage due to inductor and capacitor is 0.
current. Thus, current will decrease in the first circuit  VR =Vac =100V
and increase in second circuit.
Also V=iR
56. In an AC circuit, the current lags behind the voltage 100
by π/3. The component(s) of the circuit is/are  =i
50
(a) R and L (b) L and C  i=2A
(c) R and C (d) only R
59. In the circuit shown in figure, what will be the
Ans. (a) reading of the voltmeter V3 and ammeter A ?
Sol. Since, current lags behind the voltage in phase by a
constant angle, then circuit must contain R and L.
57. In the circuit shown in figure, what will be the reading
of the voltmeter?

(a) 800 V, 2 A (b) 300 V, 2 A

(a) 300 V (b) 900 V
(c) 220 V, 2.2 A (d) 100 V, 2A
(c) 200 V (d) 400 V
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
Sol.
Sol. Here it has been given that,
VL = VC = 100V
Therefore, the effective value of voltage will be,

V = VR 2 + ( VL − VC )
2

 V = VR 2 + (100 − 100 ) = 200V

2

 V = VR = 200V
Therefore, the reading of the voltmeter will be 200V.
58. In the series LCR circuit, the voltmeter and ammeter
readings are:
From phasor diagram we can say that the net voltage
due to inductor and capacitor is 0.
 VR = Vac = 220V
Also V = iR
220
 =i
100
 i = 2.2 A
(a) V = 100 V, I = 2 A V = 220V and i = 2.2 A
(b) V = 100 V, I = 5 A
(c) V = 1000 V, I = 2 A 60. In a circuit L , C and R connected in series with an
alternating voltage source of frequency f . The cur-
(d) V = 300 V, I = 1 A
rent leads the voltage by 45 . The value of C is:
Ans. (a)
Sol.
13 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

1 1 Also, R = 30 Ω
(a) (b)
f ( 2f L − R ) 2f ( 2f L − R ) XL = XC = 25 Ω
1 1 V
(c) (d) So, i =
f ( 2f L + R ) 2f ( 2f L + R ) R 2 + ( XL − XC )
2

Ans. (d)
V 240
Sol. f is the frequency and phase angle be, = = = 8A
R 30
 = 45
Now, LCR circuit connected in series, therefore
62. In series LCR circuit voltage drop across resistance
( X − XL )
tan  = C is 8 V, across inductor is 6V and across capacitor is
R 12 V. Then
Where,
(a) Voltage the source will be leading current in the
1
XC = circuit
C (b) voltage drop across each element will be less
And than the applied voltage
X L = L (c) power factor of circuit will be 4/3
 1  (d) None of these
 − L 

 tan ( 45 ) =  
C Ans. (d)
R Sol.
1
 = L + R
C
1
C =
 ( L + R )
Where,  is the angular frequency,
 = 2 f
Therefore,
1
C=
2 f ( 2 fL + R )

61. In the circuit shown in figure neglecting source

resistance, the voltmeter and ammeter readings will
be respectively,

For phasor diagram

Vac = VC2 +VR2 = 62 +82 =10V

The circuit is capacitive in nature

8
cos  = = 0.8
10

(a) 0 V, 3 A (b) 150 V, 3 A 63. Assertion: When capacitive reactance is

(c) 150 V, 6 A (d) 0 V, 8 A smaller than the inductive reactance in LCR
Ans. (d)
current, emf leads the current.
Sol. The voltages VL and VC are equal and opposite, so
voltmeter reading will be zero.
 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 14

Reason: The phase angle is the angle Sol. In an AC circuit, the coil of high inductance and
between the alternating emf and alternating negligible resistance used to control current, is called
the choke coil. The power factor of such a coil is
current of the circuit.
given by
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, R R
and the Reason is the correct cos =  (as R << ωL)
R + 2 2 2
L L
explanation of the Assertion.
As R << ωL, cos is very small. Thus, the power
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, absorbed by the coil is very small. The only loss of
but the Reason is not the correct energy is due to hysteresis in the iron core, which is
explanation of the Assertion. much less than the loss of energy in the resistance
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. that can also reduce the current, if placed instead of
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. the choke coil.
Ans. (b) 66. The power factor of an a.c. circuit having resistance r
Sol. The phase angle for the LCR circuit is given by and inductance L connected in series to an a.c. source
X − X C L − 1 / C of angular frequency  is
tan  = L = ;
R R (a) R/L (b) L/R
Where XL , XC are inductive reactance and
(c) R / R 2 + 2 L2 (d) zero
capacitive reactance, respectively; when XL  XC
Ans. (c)
then tan  is positive, that is,  is positive
Sol. Reactance because of the inductor =  L
(between 0 and  / 2) . Hence, emf leads the
Z = R 2 + ( L )
2
current.
Power in AC Circuit The power factor,
64. The power dissipated in an AC circuit is zero, if the R
circuit is cos  =
Z
(a) purely resistive R
 cos  =
R + ( L )
2
(b) purely inductive only 2

(c) either purely inductive or purely capacitive

(d) purely capacitive only
67. The average power dissipated in a pure capacitor in
Ans. (c) AC circuit is
Sol. The power in an AC circuit is given by P = VI 1
cos. (a) CV 2 (b) CV
2

2
where,  = phase angle between V and I. Thus, 2
(c) 2 CV (d) zero
power is zero when cos = 0
Ans. (d)
⇒  = 90°
Sol.
For both pure inductive and pure capacitive, the
0i0
phase between current and voltage is 90°. Thus, P= ( sin 2t )
they have zero power dissipation. 2
65. A choke is preferred to a resistance for limiting sin ( 2t ) 0 − T = 0
current in AC circuit, because P 0−T
=0
(a) choke is cheap
68. Average power in a L-C-R circuit depends upon
(b) there is no wastage of power
(a) current
(c) choke is compact in size
(d) choke is a good absorber of heat (b) phase difference only

Ans. (b) (c) emf

15 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

(d) current, emf and phase difference (a) 104 W (b) 10 W

Ans. (d) (c) 2.5 W (d) 5 W
Sol. The average power of an L-C-R circuit, Ans. (c)
Pav = Vrms irms = cos Sol. P = Vrms  Irms  cos
Hence, the average power depends upon current, emf
Substituting the values,
and phase difference.

P = 100  (100 10−3 ) cos = 2.5 W
1
69. The power factor in a circuit connected to an AC
power supply has a value which is 2 3
(a) unity when the circuit contains only inductance 73. In an A.C. circuit, voltage applied is V = 220 sin 100
t. If the impedance is 110  and phase difference
(b) unity when the circuit contains only resistance
between current and voltage is 60°, the power
(c) zero when the circuit contains an ideal resistance consumption is equal to
only
(a) 55 W (b) 110 W
(d) unity when the circuit contains an ideal
capacitance only (c) 220 W (d) 330 W

Ans. (b) Ans. (b)

R Sol.
Sol. Power factor, cos =
Z V = 220sin100t
220
When circuit contains only resistance, V0 = 220, Vrms =
Then Z = R 2
Z = 110 and  = 60
R
 cos = =1
(Vrms ) ( 220 )
2 2
R 1
 Power = cos  = 
= 110W
70. An electric heater rated 220 V and 550 W is Z 2  110 2
connected to AC mains. The current drawn by it is
(a) 0.8 A (b) 2.5 A 74. The power factor of an R-L circuit is 1/ 2. If the
(c) 0.4 A (d) 1.25 A frequency of AC is doubled, then what will be the
Ans. (b) power factor? [2005]
P 550 (a) 1/ 3 (b) 1/ 5
Sol. P = VI  I = = = 2.5A
V 220
(c) 1/ 7 (d) 1/ 11
71. An rms voltage of 110 V is applied across a series
Ans. (b)
circuit having a resistance 11 Ω and an impedance
22Ω. The power consumed is Sol. Power factor,

(a) 275 W (b) 366 W 1 R

cos = =
(c) 550 W (d) 1100 W 2 R + 2 2
L2

Ans. (a) This gives, L = R.

Sol. We know When  is doubled, we find,
R 11 1 R
cos  = = = cos ' =
Z 22 2 R + 4 2 L2
2

V2 110 110 1 550 R 1

Power = cos  =  = = 275W = =
Z 22 2 2 R + 4R
2 2
5
72. In an AC circuit, V and I are given by V = 100 sin 75. A coil of inductive reactance 31Ω has a resistance of
  8Ω. It is placed in series with a condenser of
(100t) V, i = 100 sin 100t +  mA. . The power
 3 capacitive reactance 25Ω. The combination is
dissipated in circuit is: connected to an AC source of 110 V. The power
factor of the circuit is
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 16

(a) 0.56 (b) 0.64 e

2

i2 R =   R
(c) 0.80 (d) 0.33 z
Ans. (c)
e2
Sol. Power factor of AC circuit is given by = 2
.R
 R 2 + ( L − 1/ C )2 
R  
cos = …(i) 2
Z eR
=
where, R is resistance employed and Z the impedance  R + ( L − 1/ C )2 
2
 
of the circuit.
77. For a series L-C-R circuit at resonance, the statement
Z = R 2 + ( XL − XC )
2
…(ii) which is not true?
Eqs. (i) and (ii), meet to give (a) Peak energy stored by a capacitor = Peak energy
stored by an inductor
R
cos = …(iii) (b) Average power = Apparent power
R 2 + ( XL − XC )
2

(c) Wattless current is zero

Given, R = 8Ω, XL = 31Ω (d) Power factor is zero
And XC = 25Ω Ans. (d)
8 Sol. For a series L-C-R circuit at resonance,
 cos =
(8) + ( 31 − 25 )
2 2
Phase difference,  = 0
8 8  Power factor = cos  = 1
= = = 0.80
64 + 36 10 78. In an ac circuit, with voltage V and current I the power
76. Power dissipated in an L-C-R series circuit connected dissipated is
to an AC source of emf e is 1
(a) VI (b) VI
e2 R 2
(a)
 2  1  
2
1
R +  L −   (c) VI
  C   2

2
(d) depends on the phase angle between V and I.
 1 
e 2
R + L−
2
 Ans. (d)
 C
(b) H Sol. In an AC circuit with the voltage V and the current
R
(i),
  1  
2

e R 2 +  L −
2
  The power dissipated is given by
  C  
(c) P = Vi cos 
R
P = Vi cos 
e2 R
(d)  P  cos 
2
 1 
R2 +  L −  Where,  is the phase and cos  is the power factor.
 C
Thus the power dissipated, depend upon the phase
Ans. (a)
between voltage V and current (i).
Sol. Given, e = erms
79. An alternating voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied across
Impedance, Z = R 2 + ( L − 1/ C )
2
a circuit. As a result, the current I = I0 sin (ωt – π/2)
flows in it. The power consumed in the circuit per
e
Also, i = cycle is
z
(a) 0.5 V0I0 W (b) 0.707V0I0 W
Now, power of AC circuit is given by
(c) 1.919V0I0 W (d) zero
Ans. (d)
17 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Sol. Given, V = V0 sin ωt 2

(c) 10 watt (d) 2.5  103 watt
And I = I0 sin (ωt – π/2) Ans. (d)
It is obvious that current lags behind the voltage by Sol. P = Vrms  I rms  sin 
π/2 in phase.
V0 I 0 
∴ Power consumed in the circuit, =  sin
2 2 6
1
P = V0 I 0 cos
2 100 100 3
= 
2 2
But = / 2 = 90
= 2.5  103 W
1
 P= V0 I0 cos 90 = 0 ( cos90 = 0) 83. In series LR circuit, XL = 3 R. Now a capacitor with
2
XC = R is added in series. The ratio of new to old
80. If an AC produces same heat as that produced by a
steady current of 4 A, then peak value of current is power factor is
(a) 4 A (b) 1.56 A (a) 2 (b) 1/ 2
(c) 5.6 A (d) 1.41 A (c) 2 (d) 1
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Sol. The peak value of current (I0) is Sol. Power factor
Given by, I0 = 2I rms R
cos  =
where, Irms is known as root mean square value of z
1
current. cos  
z
Given, Irms = 4 A
For LR circuit
 I0 = 2  4 = 5.6 A
Z1 = R 2 + ( 3R )
2

81. The potential difference across an instrument in an

AC circuit of frequency f is V and the current through Z1 = 10 R
it is I such that V = 5 cos 2πft volt and I = 2sin 2πft
For LCR circuit
amp. The power dissipated in the instrument is
Z 2 = R 2 + ( 3R − R )
2
(a) zero (b) 10W
(c) 5W (d) 2.5 W Z2 = R2 + 4R2
Ans. (a) Z 2 = 5R
Sol. Average power dissipated in an AC circuit is given ( cos  )2 Z1 10 R
= = = 2
by, P = VI cos
( cos  )1 Z2 5R
where, V is voltage, I the current,  the phase
84. If the power factor changes from 1/2 to 1/4, then what
difference
is the increase in impedance in AC (keeping R
V = 5 cos 2πft constant)?
Using sin (90 + ) = cos, we have (a) 20% (b) 50%
V = 5 sin [2πft + (π/2)] (c) 25% (d) 100%
and I = 2 sin 2πft Ans. (d)
Hence, phase difference between V and I is  = π/2. R
Sol. Power factor, cos =
P = V . I cos  = V . I cos (π/2) = 0 Z
  1
82. If V = 100 sin 100t volt, and I = 100sin 100t +  A. If R is constant, then cos 
 6 Z
Then Find the watt less power in watt? Z1 cos 1/ 4 1
4 3
 = 2
= =  Z2 = 2Z1
(a) 10 watt (b) 10 watt Z2 cos 1 1/ 2 2
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 18

 Percentage change e = E0 sin t  i = I0 sin ( t − )

2Z1 − Z1
=  100 = 100% The average power in the circuit over one cycle of
Z1 AC is
85. An AC is represented by e = 220 sin (100 πt) volt and E 0 I0 E 0 I0
(a) (b) sin
is applied over a resistance of 110Ω. The heat 2 2
produced in 7 min is
E 0 I0
(c) cos (d) E0I0
(a) 11  103 cal (b) 22  103 cal 2
(c) 33 103 cal (d) 25 103 cal Ans. (c)
Ans. (b) Sol. Given, e = E0sint
2
I RT and i = I0 sin(t - )
Sol. Heat, H = rms
cal
J Instantaneous power, Pint = ei
 I0 220 / 110  = E0I0 sint sin(t - )
 I rms = = = 2
 2 2  Average power over one cycle is

( 2)  110  ( 7  60 )
2
1 T
H =
Pav =
T 0
 Pint dt
4.2 1 T
= 22  10 cal 3 =
T 0
 E 0 I0 sin t sin ( t − ) dt
 E 0 I0  0 ( sin 2 t cos + sin sin t cos t ) dt
86. In an electrical circuit R, L, C and AC voltage source 1 T
=
are all connected in series. When Lis removed from T
the circuit, the phase difference between the voltage E 0 I0  T 
= cos   0 
and the current in the circuit is π /3. If instead C is T  2 
removed from the circuit, the phase difference is ( E 0 I0 cos ) T / 2 E 0 I0 cos
again π/3. The power factor of the circuit is = =
T 2
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 2 where, cos is called the power factor of an AC
3 circuit.
(c) 1 (d)
2 88. As given in the figure, a series circuit connected
Ans. (c) across a 200 V, 60 Hz line consists of a capacitor of
capacitive reactance 30Ω, a non-inductive resistor of
Sol.
44 Ω and a coil of inductive reactance 90Ω and
When L is removed, tan =
XC
= 3 resistance 36Ω.
3 R
 XC = 3 R …(i)
Similarly, when C is removed
XL
tan = = 3
3 R
 XL = 3 R
The power dissipated in the coil is
 XC = XL …(ii) [from Eq. (ii)]
[AMU 2005]
XL − XC (a) 320 W (b) 176 W
tan =
R (c) 144 W (d) 0 W
Now, tan = 0 Ans. (c)
 Power factor, cos = cos0 = 1 Sol.
87. In an AC circuit, the emf (e) and the current (i) at any
instant are given respectively by
19 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the

Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans. (a)
1
Sol. Capacitive reactance is XC = . When capacitance
C
XL = 90 , R2 36 , R1 = 44 (C) increases, the capacitive reactance decreases. Due
XC = 30, V = 200 V to decrease in its values, the current in the circuit will
And total resistance,  E 
increase  I =  and hence brightness of
R = R1 + R 2 = 44 + 36 = 80  R 2 + X C2 

Z = R 2 + ( XL − XC )
2
source (or electric lamp) will also increase.
= (80 ) + ( 60 )
2 2

= 6400 + 3600 = 100 Resonance in RLC Circuits

V 200
Current, I = = = 2A 91. In L-C-R resonant circuit, what is the phase angle  ?
Z 100
(a) 90° (b) 180°
Power dissipated in the coil,
(c) 0° (d) 60°
Pav = I2 R = ( 2)  =144W
2

Ans. (c)
89. Assertion: Choke coil is preferred over a resistor to Sol. In an L-C-R circuit, phase angle is related as
adjust current in an ac circuit. R
cos =
Reason: Power factor for inductance is zero. Z
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
Where, Z = R 2 + ( X L − X C )
2

Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the When circuit is resonant,
Reason is not the correct explanation of the
XL = XC  Z = R
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. R
So, cos = = 1, = 0
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. R
Ans. (a) 92. In series L-C-R circuit, the capacitance is changed
Sol. If resistor is used in controlling ac supply, electrical from C to 2C. The inductance should be changed
energy will be wasted in the form of heat energy from L to … to obtain same resonance frequency.
across the resistance wire. However, ac supply can
(a) 4L (b) L/2
be controlled with choke without any wastage of
energy. This is because, power factor ( cos  ) for (c) L/4 (d) 2L

resistance is unity and is zero for an inductance. [ Ans. (b)

P = EI cos  ]. Sol. At resonance, XL = XC

90. Assertion: When an electric lamp connected in 1 1

i.e. r L= or r =
series with a variable capacitor and ac source, its rC LC
brightness increases with increase in capacitance.
1 1
Reason: Capacitive reactance decreases with increase  2 fr =  fr =
LC 2 LC
in capacitance of capacitor.
Or LC = constant (as f remains same)
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 20

L2 C1 L C
 = or 2 =
L1 C2 L 2C
L
or L2 =
2

93. At resonance, in a series LCR circuit, which relation

1 1
does not hold?  The frequency, f =
2 LC
1 1
(a)  = (b)  = C
LC LC Given, C = , L1 = L
4
1 1
(c) L = (d) C = Now, the frequency will be
C L
1 1
Ans. (a) f'=
2 C
Sol. At resonance L2 .
4
X L = XC
Since, f ' = f  L2 = 4L
1
L = ...(1) Hence, inductance should be made 4 times.
C
1
2 =
LC 96. A series LCR circuit is tuned to resonance. The
1 impedance of the circuit now is
= ....(2)
LC 1/2
1
 2  1  
2

C = ....(3) (a)  R +  L −  
L   C  
1/2
 2  1  
2

(b)  R + ( L ) + 
2
94. In L-C-R series circuit, the resonance condition in  
terms of capacitive reactance (XC) and inductive   C  
reactance (XL) is 1/2
 2  1  
2
(a) XC + XL = 0 (b) XC = 0 (c)  R +  − L  
(c) XL = 0 (d) XC – XL = 0   C  
Ans. (d) (d) R
Sol. In an L-C-R circuit in resonance condition Ans. (d)
XL = XC or XC – XL = 0 Sol.
95. In an L-C-R circuit, the capacitance is made 1/4, then 2
 1 
Z = R2 +   L −
c 
what should be change in inductance, so that the

circuit remains in resonance?
1
(a) 8 times (b) 1/4 times At resonance  L =
c
(c) 2 times (d) 4 times
Z=R
Ans. (d)
97. For an RLC circuit driven with voltage of amplitude
Sol. The condition for resonance is that the frequency of 1
the applied emf should be equal to the natural Vm and frequency 0 = the current exhibits
LC
frequency of the circuit when the resistance of the
resonance. The quality factor, Q is given by:
circuit is zero.
R CR
(a) (b)
(0 C) 0
21 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

0 L 0 R XL = X C
(c) (d)
R L ⇒ Zmin = R, i.e. circuit behaves as
Ans. (c) resistive circuit.
Sol. We know that,
1 100. In a series L-C-R circuit, resistance R = 10 Ω and the
ω0 =
LC impedance Z = 10 Ω. The phase difference between
the current and the voltage is
1 L
For LCR, quality factor is, Q = (a) 0° (b) 30°
R c
(c) 45° (d) 60°
1
For resonance condition, ω0 = Ans. (a)
Lc
Sol.
L
 ω0 L= cos =
R
c Z
ω0 L
 Q= cos = 1
R
 = 0

98. The power factor of series L-C-R circuit when at 101. What is the value of inductance L for which the
resonance is current is a maximum in a series L-C-R circuit with C
= 10µF and ω = 1000 s-1 ?
(a) zero
(a) 100 mH
(b) 0.5
(b) 1 mH
(c) 1.0
(c) Cannot be calculated unless R is known
(d) depends on values of L , C and R (d) 10 mH
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Sol. At resonance, voltage and current are in phase. Sol. Current in L-C-R series circuit is given by
Average power of circuit is given by
V
P = Erms  Irms  cos i=
R + ( XL − XC )
2 2

where, Erms and Irms are root mean square value of

voltage and current and cos is power factor. In a where, V is rms value of current, R is resistance, X L
series L- C-R circuit at resonance, voltage and current is inductive reactance and XC is capacitive reactance.
being in same phase, therefore  = 0. For current to be maximum, denominator should be
minimum which can be done, if XL = XC. This
Hence, power factor = cos  = cos 0° = 1.
happens in resonance state of the circuit,
99. In an L-C-R series, AC circuit at resonance
1 1
(a) the capacitive reactance is more than the i.e. L = L= 2 …(i)
C C
inductive reactance
(b) the capacitive reactance equals the inductive Given, = 1000s−1
reactance And C = 10 F = 10 10−6 F.
(c) the capacitive reactance is less than the inductive
reactance Hence,
(d) the power dissipated is minimum 1
L= = 0.1H
(1000 )  10  10−6
2
Ans. (b)
Sol. The impedance of a series L-C-R circuit is = 100 mH

Z= ( XL − XC ) + R2
2

102. An L-C-R series circuit, connected to a source E, is at

At resonance (series resonant circuit),
resonance. Then,
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 22

(a) the voltage across R is zero f0

(a) (b) 2f0
(b) the voltage across R equals applied voltage 4
(c) the voltage across C is zero f0
(d) the voltage across C equals applied voltage (c) f0 (d)
2
Ans. (b) Ans. (d)
Sol. Equation of voltage, Sol. In L-C-R series circuit, resonance occurs when
E = V + ( VL − VC )
2 2
R
XL = X C
1 1
At resonance (series circuit),  L=  2=
C LC
VL = VC  E = VR 1 1
 =  2 f0 =
i.e. whole applied voltage appeared across the LC LC
resistance. 1
 f0 =
103. In non-resonant circuit, what will be the nature of the 2 LC
circuit for frequencies higher than the resonant 1
 f0 
frequency? C
(a) Resistive (b) Capacitive When capacitance of the circuit is made 4 times, let
(c) Inductive (d) None of these its resonant frequency become f '0 .
Ans. (c)
f '0 C
Sol. At resonant frequency,  =
f0 4C
XL = XC f0
or f '0 =
1 2
or L=
C
106. In the figure shown, three AC voltmeters are
At frequencies higher than resonance frequencies, connected. At resonance,
XL > XC i.e. behaviour is inductive.

104. In an L-C-R series AC circuit, if ω0 is the resonant

angular frequency, then the quality factor (Q-factor)
is given by
L
(a) 0 L/C (b) (1 / R )
C
(c) 0 C/ R (d) L / 0 R
(e) L / CR
Ans. (b) (a) V2 = 0 (b) V1 = 0
XL L (c) V3 = 0 (d) V1 = V2  0
Sol. Quality factor, Q = = 0 (XL at resonance)
R R (e) V3 = V2  0
1 Ans. (a)
At resonance, 0 =
LC Sol.

L 1 1 L
 Q=  =
R LC R C

105. Resonance frequency of L-C-R series AC circuit is

f0. Now, the capacitance is made 4 times, then the
new resonance frequency will become
23 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

(a) 2.02 (b) 2.5434

(c) 20.54 (d) 200.54
Ans. (b)
Sol. The Q-factor of series resonant circuit is given as
Voltage across L or C
Q=
Applied voltage ( voltage across R )
( L) i rL
= r
=
Ri R
At resonance XL = XC, hence V2 = 0.
Here, L = 8.1 mH, C = 12.5F,
R = 10 Ω, f = 500 Hz
107. If reactive impedance is 3 times of resistance in a
L 2 fL
series RLC circuit, then find phase difference.  Q= =r

R R
2   500  8.1 10−3
(a) zero (b) 30 =
10
(c) 60 (d) Data is incomplete = 2.5434
Ans. (c)
109. Assertion: The voltage and current in LCR circuit
X − XC is in the same phase at resonance.
Sol. From the relation, tan = L
R Reason: At resonance, inductive reactance and
where, XL − XC is the net impedance of the circuit capacitive reactance has zero value.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the
Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans. (c)
Sol. Phase angle is given by
 X − XC  Z
 = tan −1  L  = tan −1   V − VC X L − X C
 R  R tan  = L = ; at resonance,
VR R
 = tan −1 ( 3R / R ) XL = XC ; so tan  = 0 and voltage and current
 = tan −1
( 3 ) = 60 become in same phase.
110. Assertion: Quality factor (Q-factor) of series
resonant circuit is a unitless quantity
108. A 100 V, AC source of frequency 500 Hz is
Reason: It defines sharpness of i-V curve at
connected to an L-C-R circuit with L = 8.1 mH,
resonance in LCR series circuit.
C = 12 5. µF, R = 10 Ω all connected in series as
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
shown in figure. What is the quality factor of circuit?
Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the
Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans. (b)
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 24

Sol. It defines sharpness of i − V curve at resonance 1500 200

 =
when Q-factor is large, the sharpness of resonance 1125 V2
curve is more and vice-versa. Q-factor is also 200 1125
defined as follows,  V2 = = 150 V
1500
Max. energy stored
Q − factor = 2 114. Quantity that remains unchanged in a transformer is
Energy dissipation
(a) voltage (b) current
2 Max. energy stored
=  (c) frequency (d) None of these
T Mean power dissipated
Ans. (c)
Re sonant frequency o
= = ; that is, unitless. Sol. Frequency remains unchanged in a transformer, while
Band width 
current and voltage changes.
Transformer
115. A step-up transformer operates on a 230 V line and
111. In step-up transformer, relation between number of
supplies a load of 2 A. The ratio of the primary and
turns in primary (Np) and number of turns in
secondary windings is 1: 25 . The current in the
secondary (Ns) coils is
primary is:
(a) Ns is greater than Np
(a) 15A (b) 50A
(b) Np is greater than Ns
(c) 25A (d) 12.5A
(c) Ns is equal to Np
(d) Np = 2Ns Ans. (b)
Ans. (a) Sol. Operating voltage, V = 230 V
Sol. In step-up transformer, number of turns in primary And the supply load,
coil is less than the number of turns in secondary coil. I2 = 2 amp
N
i.e., s  1 n1 : n2 = 1: 25 .
Np
The ratio of current in the primary and secondary
 Ns  Np
windings,
112. Core of a transformer is made up of I1 n2
=
(a) soft iron (b) steel I 2 n1
(c) iron (d) alnico
I1
Ans. (a)  = 25
2
Sol. Soft iron is used for making transformer’s cores.
 I1 = 50 A
Because it has low hysteresis loss.
116. A transformer is used to light a 100 W and 110 V
lamp from a 220 V mains. If the main current is 0.5
113. A transformer has 1500 turns in the primary coil and
A, then the efficiency of the transformer is
1125 turns in the secondary coil. If the voltage in the
approximately
primary coil is 200 V, then the voltage in the
secondary coil is (a) 30% (b) 50%
(a) 100 V (b) 150 V (c) 90% (d) 10%
(c) 200 V (d) 250 V Ans. (c)
Ans. (b) Sol. Efficiency of transformer
Output power Vs Is
Sol. By the relation,
N1 V1
= = =
N 2 V2 Imput power Vp I p

Given, N1 = 1500 turns Given, VsIs = 100 W

N2 = 1125 turns Vp = 220 V, Ip = 0.5 A
And V1 = 200 V 100
Hence, = = 0.90 or 90%
220  0.5
25 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

117. The core of a transformer is laminated because output power

=
(a) energy losses due to eddy currents may be input power
minimised 88 880
 =
(b) the weight of the transformer may be reduced 100 Pi
(c) rusting of the core may be prevented  Pi = 1000W
(d) ratio of voltages in primary and secondary may be
increased Pi 1000
Input current Ii = = = 0.45 A
Ans. (a) Vi 2200

Sol. When magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, 120. Voltage in the secondary coil of a transformer does
induced emf is produced in it and the induced current not depend upon
flows through the wire forming the coil. These (a) frequency of the source
currents look like eddies or whirlpools and likewise (b) voltage in the primary coil
are known as eddy currents. They are also known as (c) ratio of number of turns in the two coils
Focault’s current. (d) Both (b) and (c)
These currents oppose the cause of their origin, Ans. (a)
therefore due to eddy currents, a great amount of Sol. Voltage in the secondary coil of a transformer does
energy is wasted in the form of heat energy. If core of not depend upon frequency of the source.
transformer is laminated, then their effect can be
121. When power is drawn from the secondary coil of the
minimised.
transformer, the dynamic resistance
118. A current of 5 A is flowing at 220 V in the primary
(a) increases (b) decreases
coil of a transformer. If the voltage produced in the
(c) remains unchanged (d) changes erratically
secondary coil is 2200 V and 50% of power is lost,
then the current in secondary will be Ans. (a)
(a) 2.5 A (b) 5 A Sol. When power is drawn from the secondary coil of the
transformer, its dynamic resistance increases. This is
(c) 0.25 A (d) 0.5 A
because the flux of secondary coil reduces the flux of
Ans. (c) core and thus the back emf decreases. This decreases
Sol. Given, Vp = 220 V, Vs = 2200 V, the current in secondary coil.
Ip = 5 A and power loss = 50% 122. The turns ratio of a transformer is given as 2 : 3 . If
Efficiency of transformer (η) is defined as the ratio of the current through the primary coil is 3 A, thus
output power and input power, i.e calculate the current through load resistance.
Pout VI (a) 1 A (b) 4.5 A
%=  100 = s s  100
Pin Vp I p (c) 2 A (d) 1.5 A
2200  Is Ans. (c)
50 =  100
220  5 Sol. If is and ip be the currents in the primary and
 Is = 0.25 A secondary coils at any instant and the energy losses
119. A step-down transformer reduces the voltage of a be zero, then Power in secondary coil = Power in
transmission line from 2200 V to 220 V. The power primary coil
delivered by it is 880 W and its efficiency is 88%. Vs  is = Vp  i p
The input current is ip Vs Ns
 = = = transformer ratio
(a) 4.65 mA (b) 0.045 A is Vp N p
(c) 0.45 A (d) 4.65 A
Np 2
Ans. (c) Given, = ,i p = 3A
Ns 3
Sol. Efficiency of transformer,
Np 2
 is = ip =  3 = 2A
Ns 3
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 26

123. A transformer with efficiency 80% works at 4 kW

ep = − N p
and 100 V. If the secondary voltage is 200 V, then the t'
primary and secondary currents are respectively,
es = − N s
(a) 40 A, 16 A (b) 16 A, 40 A t
(c) 20 A, 40 A (d) 40 A, 20 A Also, e = iR
Ans. (a) Rp Np
 =
output power Rs Ns
Sol. Efficiency, =
input power
Given, Rs = 8000, Rp = 8
Vs Is Ns R s 8000
 =  = =
Vp I p Np R p 8
80 200  Is 1000
 = = = 1000 :1
100 4000 1
 Is = 16 A 126. The coefficient of mutual inductance between the
Also, VpIp = 4000 primary and secondary coils of transformer is 5 H. A
current of 10 A is cut-off in 0.5 s. The induced emf is
4000
 Ip = = 40 A (a) 1 V (b) 10 V
100
(c) 5 V (d) 100 V
124. The number of turns in primary and secondary of a
transformer are 5 and 10 and mutual inductance of Ans. (d)
transformer is 25 H. Now, if the number of turns in Sol. From Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, the
primary and secondary are 10 and 5, the new mutual induced emf e is given by
inductance will be i
e = −M
(a) 6.25H (b) 12.5H t
(c) 25 H (d) 50 H Given, M = 5 H,  i = -10 A,  t = 0.5 s
Ans. (c) −10
 e = −5  = 100V
Sol. Mutual inductance of transformer 0.5
M  N1 N 2 e = 100V
M1 NN 127. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer
 = 1 2
M 2 N '1 N '2 have 50 and 1500 turns, respectively. If the magnetic
25 5  10 flux  linked with the primary coil is given by  = 0
 =
M 2 10  5 + 4t, where  is in weber, t is time in second and 0 is
 M 2 = 25 H a constant, then the output voltage across the
secondary coil is
125. If a transformer of an audio amplifier has output
(a) 90 V (b) 120 V
impedance 8000 Ω and the speaker has input
impedance of 8 Ω, the primary and secondary turns of (c) 220 V (d) 30 V
this transformer connected between the output of Ans. (b)
amplifier and to loudspeaker should have the ratio Sol. The magnetic flux linked with the primary coil is
(a) 1000 : 1 (b) 100 : 1 given by
(c) 1 : 32 (d) 32 : 1  = 0 + 4t
Ans. (a) So, voltage across primary coil,
Sol. From Faraday’s law, the induced emf across primary d d
and secondary is Vp = = ( 0 + 4t ) = 4V (As 0 = constant)
dt dt
Also, we have
Np = 50 and Ns = 1500
27 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Vs N s d
From relation, =
Vp N p  B.d = 0 I + 0 0
dt
Ns  1500  131. A parallel plate capacitor is charged to 60µC.Due to a
 Vs = Vp = 4  = 120 V radioactive source, the plate losses charge at the rate
Np  50 
of 1.8  10-8 Cs-1. The magnitude of displacement
128. Assertion: A transformer is used to increase voltage current is
and current both at same time.
(a) 1.8  10-8 Cs-1 (b) 3.6  10-8 Cs-1
Reason: In a transformer we can increase power also.
(c) 4.1  10-11 Cs-1 (d) 5.7  10-12 Cs-1
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
Ans. (a)
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Sol. Displacement current is given by
Reason is not the correct explanation of the d
ID = 0
Assertion. dt
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. q q
= A=
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. A 0 0
Ans. (d) d 1 dq
Sol. For an ideal transfer, assuming no power loss, we =
dt 0 dt
have VP I P = VS IS . Therefore, if we gain in dq
id = = 1.8  10−8 Cs −1
voltage we lose current and vice versa. Since voltage dt
in transformer increases at the cost of current so no = 1.8  10−8 Cs −1
increase in power is possible
Properties of EM Waves
Displacement Current
129. According to Maxwell’s hypothesis, a changing elec-
132. The electromagnetic waves
tric field gives rise to
(a) travel with the speed of sound
(a) an e.m.f. (b) electric current
(b) travel with the same speed in all media
(c) magnetic field (d) pressure radiant
(c) travel in free space with the speed of light
Ans. (c) (d) do not travel through a medium
Sol. According to Maxwell changing electric field Ans. (c)
produces magnetic field. Sol. Electromagnetic waves travel in free space with
d speed of light. Light is also an electromagnetic wave.
 B.dt =   0 0
dt
133. The correct sequence of the increasing wavelength
130. Maxwell’s modified form of Ampere’s circuital law of the given radiation sources is
is (a) radioactive sources, X-rays tube, crystal

S B.ds = 0
oscillator, sodium vapour lamp
(a)
(b) radioactive source, X-rays tube sodium
vapour lamp, crystal oscillator
(b)  B.d = 0 I
(c) X-ray tube, radioactive source, crystal
1 dq oscillator, sodium vapour lamp
(c)  B.d = 0 I +
0 dt (d) X-rays tube, crystal oscillator, radioactive source,

d E sodium vapour lamp.

(d)  B.d = 0I + 0 0 dt Ans. (b)
Ans. (d) Sol. Increasing order of wave length,Radioactive sources,
X-rays, sodium vapour lamp, Crystal oscillator.
Sol. Maxwell modified Ampere circuit law is given by
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 28

134. Which of the following waves has the maximum Radio wave, microwave, IR, UV, X- rays, gamma
wavelength? rays.
(a) X-rays (b) Infrared rays 138. The speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
(c) Ultraviolet rays (d) Radio waves
(a) increases as we move from γ-rays to radio wave
Ans. (d)
(b) decreases as we move from γ-rays to radio waves
Sol. The correct order for wavelength for the given (c) is same for all the above
radiations is (d) None of the above
radio wave  inf rared  UV − Ray  X − ray Ans. (c)
Sol. Speed of electromagnetic waves in
1
135. The oscillating electric and magnetic field vectors of Vacuum = = constant,
electromagnetic wave are oriented along 0 0

(a) the same direction and in phase so it is same for all of them.
(b) the same direction but have a phase difference of 139. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the visible spectrum
lies between
90°
(a) radio waves and microwaves
(c) mutually perpendicular direction and are in phase
(b) infrared and ultraviolet rays
(d) mutually perpendicular directions but has a phase (c) microwaves and infrared spectrum
difference of 90° (d) X-rays and gamma rays spectrum
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)
Sol. Electric field and magnetic field in electromagnetic Sol. As the range adjacent to the visible spectrum is called
waves are perpendicular to each other and are in the near infrared and the longer wavelength part is
phase. called far infrared The region just below the visible in
wavelength is called the near ultraviolet. Hence the
E = E0 sin (t +  )
visible part of electromagnetic spectrum lies in
B = B0 cos (t +  ) between ultraviolet and infrared.
136. Which of the following statements is false for the 140. Which of the following shows greenhouse effect?
properties of electromagnetic waves? (a) Ultraviolet rays (b) Infrared rays
(a) Both electric and magnetic field vectors attain the (c) X-rays (d) None of these
maxima and minima at the same place and same time. Ans. (b)
(b) The energy in electromagnetic wave is divided Sol. Infrared radiation reflected by low lying clouds and
equally between electric and magnetic vectors. keeps the earth warms
(c) Both electric and magnetic field vectors are –16
141. The energy of X-ray photon is 3.3 × 10 J. Its
parallel to each other and perpendicular to the
direction of propagation of wave. frequency is
19 18
(d) These waves do not require any material medium (a) 2 × 10 Hz (b) 5 × 10 Hz
for propagation. 17 16
(c) 5 × 10 Hz (d) 5 × 10 Hz
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
Sol. The time varying electric and magnetic fields are
Sol.
mutually perpendicular to each other and also
perpendicular to direction of propagation of the wave. E = h
E
137. Which of the following is of shortest wavelength? =
h
(a) X–rays (b) –rays
3.3  10 −16
(c) microwaves (d) radio waves =
6.6  10 −34
Ans. (b)  = 5  1017 Hz
Sol. Decreasing order of wave length,
29 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

142. A laser beam is sent to the moon and reflected back 1

E0 = B0
to earth by a mirror placed on the moon by an 0  0
astronaut. If the moon is 384000 km from earth, how
long does it take the light to make the round trip  E0 ( 0 0 = B0 )
(a) 5 minutes (b) 2.5 minutes 145. Radio wave has a maximum magnetic field induc-
–4
(c) 2.5 s (d) 500 s tion of 10 T on arrival at a receiving antenna. The
Ans. (c) maximum electric field intensity of such a wave is
4
Sol. (a) zero (b) 3 × 10 V/m
–9 –13
distance (c) 5.8 × 10 V/m (d) 3.3 × 10 V/m
t=
speed Ans. (b)
2  384 1000 1000
t= Sol.
3  108 E0 = CB0
768
t= E0 = 3  108  10 −4
300
t = 2.56sec V
E0 = 3  10 4
m

143. An electromagnetic wave going through vacuum is 146. If 0 and 0 represent the permittivity and
described by E = E0 sin (kx − ωt ) and B = B0 sin (kx permeability of vacuum and and represent the
– ωt). Which of the following equations is true? permittivity and permeability of medium, then
(a) E0k = B0ω (b) E0ω = B0k refractive index of the medium is given by
(c) E0B0 = ωk (d) None of the above 0 0 
(a) (b)
Ans. (a)  0 0
E0
Sol. as =c  0 0
B0 (c) (d)
0 0 
2
Also k = Ans. (b)
Sol.
And =2 v
c
These relations given E0k = B0ω. =
v
144. Which of the following relation is correct 1 1
c= ,v =
(a) 0 E 0 =  0 B0 (b) 0 0 E 0 = B0 0 0 

(c) E 0 = 0 0 B0 (d)  0 E 0 = 0 B0 =
0 0
Ans. (b) 147. The magnetic field in a travelling electromagnetic
wave has a peak value of 20 nT. The peak value of
Sol. electric field strength is

E0 = CB0 (a) 3 Vm−1 (b) 6 Vm−1

C=
1 (c) 9 Vm−1 (d) 12 Vm −1
0 0 Ans. (b)

Substituting the values, Sol. We know that the ratio electric fields and magnetic
field will be,
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 30

E0 B2 B2
=C (a) (b)
B0 2 2 0
E0 = B0  C
2B2 B
E0 = 20  10  3  10
-9 8 (c) (d)
0 0
E0 = 6 Vm-1
Ans. (b)

Intensity of EM waves Sol. Energy density of an electromagnetic wave,

148. During the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a 1 1 B2

U= 0E +
2

medium: 2 2 0
(a) Electric energy density is half of the magnetic
B2
energy density. So, the magnetic energy density is .
2 0
(b) Electric energy density is equal to the magnetic
energy density. 150. Consider the following statements about electromag-
(c) Both electric and magnetic energy densities are netic radiations; All of them
zero. (i) have energy (ii) exert pressure on an object
(d) Electric energy density is double of the magnetic (iii) have the same momentum.
energy density. Of these statements
Ans. (b)
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
Sol. Electric field in electromagnetic wave, (b) (i) and (ii) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
E 0 =cB0 → (1)
(d) (i) and (iii) are correct.
Now electric energy density, Ans. (b)
Sol. EM waves have energy
1
μE = ε0E2 → ( 2) E = h
2

And magnetic energy density, Exert Pressure

1 B02 I0
μB = → ( 3) P=
2 μ0 C

E
Form equation (1) and (2) Momentum P =
C
1
μ E = ε 0 c 2 B02 Momentum depends on energy
2
1 1
μ E = ε0 B02
2 μ0ε0
1 B02
μE =
2 μ0
μ E =μ B

Hence electric energy density is equal to the

magnetic energy density.
149. The average magnetic energy density of an
electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ travelling in
free space is given by
1 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

EXERCISE-2: Previous Year Questions

Sol. We know that, displacement current,
1. The electromagnetic wave having the shortest d E
ID =
wavelength is 0
dt
[Kerala CEE 2011] d E
So, dimensions of are same as that of current.
(a) X-rays (b) γ-rays 0
dt
(c) infrared rays (d) microwaves
5. The A transformer has 500 primary turns and 10
(e) radio waves
secondary turns. If the secondary has a resistive load
Ans. (b) of 15 Ω, the currents in the primary and secondary
Sol. The electromagnetic wave having the shortest respectively, are
wavelength is γ-rays. [UP CPMT 2011]
2. The part of the spectrum of the electromagnetic (a) 0.16 A, 3.2 × 10 A -3

radiation used to cook food is (b) 3.2 × 10-3A, 0.16 A

[J&K CET 2011] (c) 0.16 A, 0.16 A
(a) ultraviolet rays (b) cosmic rays (d) 3.2 × 10-3A, 3.2 × 10-3A
(c) X-rays (d) microwaves Ans. (b)
Ans. (d) Ns i p 10 i p
Sol. We have, =  =
Sol. The part of the spectrum of the electromagnetic N p is 500 is
radiation used to cook food is microwaves.
ip 1
3. The electric and magnetic fields, associated with an  =  is = 50i p
is 50
electromagnetic wave, propagating along the + Z-
axis, can be represented by This condition is satisfied only when current in
[CBSE AIPMT 2011] primary is 3.2 × 10-3 A and in secondary 0.16 A.

(a) E = E 0 k, B = B0 i (b) E = E 0 j, B = B0 i
6. In an AC circuit, V and I are given by V =150 sin
(c) E = E 0 j, B = B0 k (d) E = E 0 i, B = B0 j
 
(150t) volt and I = 150sin150t +   ampere.
Ans. (d) 3
Sol. In electromagnetic waves, electric vector, magnetic The power dissipated in the circuit is
vector and velocity of wave are perpendicular to one
[KCET 2011]
another.
(a) 106 W (b) 150 W
Hence,
(c) 5625 W (d) Zero
As v = v0 k Ans. (c)
We know, from vector algebra, Sol. Given, V = 150 sin (150t)volt and I = 150 sin(150t +
i j = k /3) ampere
 I0 = 150 A and V0 = 150 V
 E = E0 i
1
and B = B0 j Power, P = V0 I 0 cos
2
d E = 0.5 150  150  cos 60
4. Dimensions 0 of are same as that of
dt = 5625 W
[CBSE AIPMT 2011]
7. An AC source is 120 V- 60 Hz. The value of voltage
(a) charge (b) potential after (1/720) s from start will be [BCECE 2011]
(c) capacitance (d) current
(a) 20.2 V (b) 42.4 V
Ans. (d)
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 2

(c) 84.8 V (d) 106.8 V 10. In an AC circuit, an alternating voltage

Ans. (c) e = 200 2 sin100t volt is connected to a capacitor of
capacity 1µF. The rms value of the current in the
Sol. V = V0 sin t  V = Vrms 2 sin t
circuit is
1
After t = s [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
720
(a) 100 mA (b) 200 mA
V = 120 2 sin 2 f t (c) 20 mA (d) 10 mA
 1  Ans. (c)
= 120 2 sin  2  60  
 720  Sol. Given, e = 200 2 sin100t,
1
= 120 2 sin = 120 2  C = 1 F
6 2
= 60 2 = 84.8 V E0 200 2
 E rms = = = 200V
8. Alternating current is transmitted at far off places 2 2
[JCECE 2011] And  = 100 rad/s
(a) at high voltage and low current 1
 XC =
(b) at high voltage and high current C
1
(c) at low voltage and low current = = 104
1 10−6  100
(d) at low voltage and high current
E rms
Ans. (a)  i rms =
XC
Sol. Alternating current is transmitted at far off places at
200
high voltage and low current. = = 2  10−2 A
104
9. In the circuit shown below, what will be the readings
= 20 mA
of the voltmeter and ammeter? (Total impedance of
circuit, Z = 100 Ω) 11. An AC voltage is applied to a resistance R and an
[JCECE 2012] inductor L in series. If R and the inductive reactance
are both equal to 3 Ω, the phase difference (in rad)
between the applied voltage and the current in the
circuit is
[CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(a) π /4 (b) π/2
(c) zero (d) π/6
Ans. (a)
(a) 200 V, 1 A (b) 800 V, 2 A
XL L
(c) 100 V, 2 A (d) 220 V, 2.2 A Sol. tan = =
R R
Ans. (d)
3
Sol. Given, impedance, Z = 100 Ω  tan =  tan = 1
3
Frequency, f = 50 Hz
 = tan −1 (1)
and voltage, V = 220 V.
 = 45
Voltmeter reading,
 = rad
Va = VR2 + ( VL − VC )
2
4
12. The An electron revolves in the path of a circle of
But VR = V and VL = VC
radius of 0.5 × 10−10 m at frequency of 5 × 1015
 Va = 220V cycles/s. The electric current in the circle is (charge
220 of an electron =1.6 × 10-19C )
Ammeter reading, Ia = = 2.2 A
100 [AFMC 2012]
3 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

(a) 0.4 mA (b) 0.8 mA 16. When an AC voltage is applied to an L-C-R circuit,
(c) 1.2 mA (d) 1.6 mA which of the following is true?
Ans. (b) [DUMET 2012]
Q  1 (a) I and V are out of phase with each other in R
Sol. Current, i = = Qf  f= 
T  T (b) I and V are in phase in L with in C, they are out of
phase
= 1.6  10−19  5  1015 (c) I and V are out of phase in both, C and L
= 0.8 mA (d) I and V are out of phase in L and in phase in C
Ans. (c)
13. The capacity of a pure capacitor is 1F. In DC circuits, Sol. I and V are out of the phase in both, C and L is true.
its effective resistance will be
[AFMC 2012] 17. In the series L-C-R circuit shown, the impedance is
(a) Infinite (b) Zero [KCET 2012]
1
(c) 1 (d)
2
Ans. (a)
Sol. In DC circuits, f = 0
1 1
XC =  XC = = 
2 ( )
0 C 0

So, the effective resistance will be infinite.

14. An L-C-R series circuit is under resonance. If Im is
current amplitude, Vm is voltage amplitude, R is the
(a) 200  (b) 100 
resistance, Z is the impedance, XL is the inductive
reactance and XC is the capacitive reactance, then (c) 300  (d) 500 
[J&K CET 2012] Ans. (d)

Vm Vm  50 
(a) I m = (b) I m = Sol. X L = 2 fL = 2   1 = 100
Z XL  
Vm Vm 1 1
(c) I m = (d) I m = XC = =
XC R 2 fC  50 
2   20 10−6
 
Ans. (a)
= 500
V
Sol. Here, I m = m is true
Impedance Z = R 2 + ( X C − X L )
2
Z

Where, Z = ( XL − XC ) + R2
2
= ( 300 ) + ( 400 )
2 2

15. In the case of an inductor = 500

[J&K CET 2012] 18. A transformer of 100% efficiency has 200 turns in the
(a) voltage lags the current by π/2 primary and 40000 turns in secondary. It is connected
(b) voltage leads the current by π/2 to a 220 V main supply and secondary feeds to a 100
(c) voltage leads the current by π/3 kΩ resistance. The potential difference per turn is
(d) voltage leads the current by π/4 [AIIMS 2012]
Ans. (b) (a) 1.1 V (b) 25 V
(c) 18 V (d) 11V
Sol. In case of an inductor voltage leads the current by .
2 Ans. (a)
Sol. From transformer ratio
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 4

Vs Ns Sol. “A microwave oven uses microwaves, which are

=
Vp N p basically radio waves, to cook food. The commonly
used frequency is roughly 2500 MHz (2.5 GHz).
Vp  Ns
 Vs = Radio waves in this frequency range are absorbed by
Np water, fats and sugars. When absorbed, they are
220  40000 converted directly into heat due to vibration.”
= = 44000 V
200 Frequency of microwaves matches with the resonant
Potential difference per turn is frequency of the water molecules and hence food
items with water molecules are effectively heated by
Vs 44000
= = 1.1V microwaves.
Ns 40000
22. If vγ, vX, and vM are the speeds of γ-rays, X-rays and
19. In a step-up transformer, the turns ratio is 1 : 2. A microwaves respectively in vacuum, then
Leclanche cell (emf = 15. V) is connected across the
[Manipal 2013]
primary. The voltage developed in the secondary
would be (a) vγ > vM > vX (b) vγ > vX > vM
(c) vγ = vX = vM (d) None of these
[UP CPMT 2012]
Ans. (c)
(a) 3 V (b) 0.75 V
(c) 1.5 V (d) zero Sol.  - rays, X – rays and microwaves respectively are
electromagnetic waves. They travel with the speed of
Ans. (d)
light in vacuum.
Sol. Transformer is an AC device, which work on varying
Hence,  = X = M
voltage, but Leclanche cell is a DC source with fixed
voltage or emf. So, there is no voltage developed 23. A coil of self-inductance L is connected in series with
across secondary, i.e. it is zero. a bulb B and AC source. Brightness of the bulb
decreases when
[NEET 2013]
20. A transformer works on the principle of
(a) frequency of the AC source is decreased
[NEET 2012]
(b) number of turns in the coil is reduced
(a) self-induction
(b) electrical inertia (c) a capacitance of reactance XC = XL is included in
(c) mutual induction the same circuit
(d) magnetic effect of the electrical current (d) an iron rod is inserted in the coil
Ans. (c) Ans. (d)

As Z = R 2 + X 2L = R 2 + ( 2 fL )
Sol. A transformer works on the principle of mutual 2
Sol.
induction.
21. The condition under which a microwave oven heats V
And I = , P = I2 R
up a food item containing water molecules most Z
efficiently is i.e. with insertion of iron rod L
[NEET 2013]  Z, I and P
(a) the frequency of the microwave must match the 24. For high frequency L C- circuit, the maximum charge
resonant frequency of the water molecules on the capacitor is Q. The charge on the capacitor,
(b) the frequency of the microwave has no relation when the energy is stored equally between the electric
with natural frequency of water molecules and magnetic fields is
(c) microwaves are heat waves, so always produce
[Manipal 2013]
heating
(d) infrared waves produce heating in a microwave (a) Q/2 (b) Q / 2
oven (c) Q / 3 (d) Q/3
Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
5 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Sol. Energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance C, charge

Q is 28. In electromagnetic spectrum, the frequencies of γ-
1Q 2 rays, X-rays and ultraviolet rays are denoted by n 1, n2
U= and n3 respectively, then
2 C
Since, energy is stored equally between electric and [MHT CET 2014]
magnetic fields, (a) n1 > n2 > n3 (b) n1 < n2 < n3
(c) n1 > n2 < n3 (d) n1 < n2 > n3
1  1 Q2 
E=   Ans. (a)
22 C 
Sol. Frequency range of  - rays
Q '2 1 Q 2 Q
Now, = .  Q' = ~ 5  1020 - 3  1019 (n1)
2C 2 2C 2
Frequency range of X-rays
25. There may be a large regions of space where there is
~ 3  1019 - 1016 (n2)
no conduction current, but there is only
Frequency range of ultraviolet rays
[WB JEE 2013]
~ 1016 – 8  1014 (n3)
(a) displacement current due to time varying electric
fields  n1 > n2 > n 3
(b) induced current due to time varying electric fields 29. The electromagnetic waves detected using a
(c) Both (a) and (b) thermopile and used in physical therapy are
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) [Kerala CEE 2014]
Ans. (a) (a) gamma radiations
Sol. In vast regions of space, where there is no conduction (b) X-rays
current, there may be displacement current due to (c) ultraviolet radiations
varying electric fields in the region. (d) infrared radiations
(e) microwave radiations
26. In an electromagnetic wave, the amplitude of electric Ans. (d)
and magnetic fields are 100 V/m and 0.265 A/m, Sol. The electromagnetic waves detected using a
respectively. The maximum energy flow is thermopile and used in physical therapy are infrared
[KCET 2013] or heat radiations.
(a) 26.5 W/m2 (b) 36.5 W/m2
(c) 46.7 W/m2 (d) 765 W/m2 30. The wavelength of X-rays is in the range
Ans. (a) [Guj CET 2014]
Sol. Maximum rate of energy flow, (a) 0.01 Å to Å (b) 0.001 nm to 1 nm
S = E0H0 (c) 0.001 µm to 1 µm (d) 0.001 cm to 1 cm
Given, E0 = 100 V/m Ans. (b)
H 0 = 0.265 A/m Sol. X – rays wavelength range
 S = 100  0.265 = 26.5 W/m 2 = 1  10-12m to 1  10-9 m

27. Which quantity is increased in step-down = 0.001 nm to 1 nm

transformer? 31. The wavelength of the short radio waves, microwaves
[UP CPMT 2013] and ultraviolet waves are λ1 λ2, and λ3 respectively.
Arrange them in decreasing order.
(a) Current (b) Voltage
(c) Power (d) Frequency [Guj CET 2014]

Ans. (a) (a) λ1, λ2, λ3 (b) λ1, λ3, λ2

(c) λ3, λ2, λ1 (d) λ2, λ1, λ3
Sol. In step-down transformer, voltage decreases and
corresponding current increases. Ans. (a)
Sol. We know that,
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 6

Short radio waves have wavelength P 2

cos = =
range 1 = 1  10-1 m to 1  104 m i 2rms .Z ( 2 )2 1
Microwaves wavelength range, 2 1
= = = 0.5
2 = 1  10-3 m to 3  10-1 m 4 2
Ultraviolet rays wavelength range, 34. A hot wire ammeter reads 10 A in an AC circuit. The
3 = 1  10-8 m to 4  10-8 m peak value of the current will be
[KCET 2014]
So, decreasing order of wavelengths are
3 10
1, 2, 3 (a) A (b) A
2
32. In L-C-R series circuit, an alternating emf e and
current i are given by the equations e = 100 sin (c) 10 2 A (d) 6 A
(100t) volt. Ans. (c)
 
i = 100sin 100t +  mA Sol. The reading of hot wire ammeter or rms value of
 3 current,
The average power dissipated in the circuit will be Irms = 10 A
[MHT CET 2014] The peak value of the current is given by
(a) 100 W (b) 10 W I0 = 2  Irms = 2 10 = 10 2 A
(c) 50 W (d) 2.5 W 35. A resistance R draws power P when connected to an
Ans. (d) AC source. If an inductance is now placed in series
Sol. Average power with the resistance, such that the impedance of the
circuit becomes Z the power drawn will be
E 0 I0
Pav = E V I V cos = . cos [AIPMT 2015]
2 2
100V 100 10−3 A R R
=  cos (a) P   (b) P
2 2 3 Z Z
100 100 1 (c) P(R/Z)2 (d) P
= 10−3  = 2.5 W
2 2 Ans. (a)
33. The average power dissipated in AC circuit is 2 W. If Sol. When a resistor is connected to an AC source. The
a current flowing through a circuit is 2 A, impedance power drawn will be of
is 1Ω, then what is the power factor of the circuit?
Vrms
[KCET 2014] P = Vrms .I rms = Vrms .
R
(a) 0.5 (b) 1
 Vrms
2
= PR
1
(c) zero (d) When an inductor is connected in series with the
2
resistor, then the power drawn will be
Ans. (a)
P' = Vrms .Irms cos
Sol. Given, average power, P = 2W,
where, = phase difference
irms = 2A 2
Vrms R P.R R
and impedance, Z = 1 Ω.  P ' ==
. = .
R Z R Z
Power factor, ( cos )=? P.R R
 P' = = P 
We know that P = Vrms  i rms .cos
Z Z
36. A 15.0 µF capacitor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz
 P = i 2rms Z.cos ( Vrms = i rms .Z ) source. The capacitive reactance is
[AIIMS 2014]
(a) 220  (b) 215 
7 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

(c) 212  (d) 204  38. The A series L-C-R circuit contains inductance 5 mH,
Ans. (c) capacitance 2µFand resistance 10 Ω. If a frequency
AC source is varied, then what is the frequency at
Sol. The capacitive reactance is
which maximum power is dissipated?
1
XC = [KCET 2014]
2 vC
5 −5
1 10 10
= (a) Hz (b) Hz
2 ( 50Hz ) (15.0 10−6 F )
2 5
= 212.3 (c) 105 Hz (d) 103 Hz
 212
Ans. (d)
37. In an L-C-R series circuit, the potential difference
Sol. We know that, Resonant frequency is given by
between the terminals of the inductance is 60 V,
between the terminals of the capacitor is 30 V and 1
f0 =
that across the resistance is 40 V. Then, the supply 2 LC
voltage will be equal to
Where, L = 5 10−3 H
[UK PMT 2014]
(a) 10 V (b) 50 V And C = 2 10−6 F
(c) 70 V (d) 130 V 1
 f0 =
Ans. (b) 5  10  2  10 −6
2 −3

Sol. Given, VL = 60 V, VC = 30 V, 1 1
= =
VR = 40 V 2 10 −8 2  10−4
According to L-C-R series circuit, we know that 104 5
= Hz =  103 Hz
2
39. A transformer having efficiency of 90% is working
on 200V and 3 kW power supply. If the current in the
secondary coil is 6 A, then the voltage across the
secondary coil and the current in the primary coil
respectively, are
In phasor diagram, VC and VL are in anti-phase to [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
each other due to their 90° leading and lagging
(a) 300 V, 15 A (b) 450 V, 15 A
relationship with the circuit current IS .
(c) 450 V, 13.5 A (d) 600 V, 15 A
Ans. (b)
Sol. Initial power = 3 kW = 3000 W As efficiency is 90%,
then final power
90
= 3000  = 2700 W
100
 V1I1 = 3000 W …(i)
 V2I2 = 2700 W …(ii)
So, VS = ( VL − VC ) + VR2
2

2700 900
So, V2 = = = 450 V
= ( 60 − 30 ) + ( 40 )
2 2
6 2

= ( 30 ) + ( 40 ) 3000
2 2
And I1 = = 15A
200
= 900 + 1600 = 2500
= 50 V
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 8

40. A step-up transformer operates on a 230 V line and  11 Is = 220  1

supplies a current of 2 A. The ratio of primary and Is = 220 / 11 = 20 A
secondary windings is 1 : 25. The primary current is
42. The ratio of amplitude of magnetic field to the
[UK PMT 2014]
amplitude of electric field for an electromagnetic
(a) 12.5 A (b) 50 A wave propagating in vacuum is equal to
(c) 8.8 A (d) 25 A
[CBSE AIPMT 2014]
Ans. (b)
(a) the speed of light in vacuum
Sol. As we know that, for transformer, (b) reciprocal of speed of light in vacuum
V1 I 2 N1 (c) the ratio of magnetic permeability to the electric
= =
V2 I1 N 2 susceptibility of vacuum
(d) unity
where, all the symbols have their usual meanings.
(Suffix 1 is for primary and 2 is for the secondary) Ans. (b)
Sol. The ratio of amplitude of magnetic field to the
N1 1 2
 = = amplitude of electric field for an electromagnetic
N 2 25 I
wave propagating in vacuum is equal to the reciprocal
where, I = primary side current. of speed of light in vacuum.
I = 50 A B0
i.e. = 1/ c
41. A step-down transformer has 50 turns on secondary B0
and 1000 turns on primary winding. If a transformer
43. In electromagnetic wave, according to Maxwell,
is connected to 220 V, 1 A AC source, then what is
changing electric field gives
output current of the transformer?
[MHT CET 2014]
[KCET 2014]
(a) stationary magnetic field
(a) (1/20)A (b) 20A
(b) conduction current
(c) 100 2A (d) 2A
(c) eddy current
Ans. (b) (d) displacement current
Sol. We know that, Ans. (d)
Power in the secondary coil = Power in the primary Sol. According to Maxwell, changing electric field
coil produces displacement current.
Vs  N p = Vp  N s d E
ID = 0
N s Vs dt
 =
N p Vp

where, 44. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 20 MHz

Vs = voltage across secondary coil, travels through a space along x-direction. If the
electric field vector at a certain point in space is 6
Vp = voltage across primary coil,
Vm−1, then what is the magnetic field vector at that
Np = number of turns is primary coil point?
and Ns = number of turns in secondary coil. [KCET 2014]
Given, Ns = 50 turns, Np = 1000 turns 1
(a) 2  10 −8 T (b)  10 −8 T
Vp = 220 V, Is = ? 2
50 V 1
= s (c) 2 T (d) T
1000 220 2
50  220 Ans. (a)
 Vs = = 11V
1000 Sol. Magnetic field,
But VsIs = VpIp
9 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

B=
E
, where c = 3  108 m/s B0 = 2Brms
c
6 Now, from equation (1); we get
B= = 2  10−8 T Erms
3  108  B0 = 2
c
6
45. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 50 µF and a resistor  B0 = 2
3  108
40Ω are connected in series across a source of emf V
= 10 sin 340 t. The power loss in AC circuit is  B0 = 2.82 10−8 T

[NEET 2016]
(a) 0.67 W (b) 0.76 W 47. In a series R-C circuit shown in figure, the applied
voltage is 10 V and the voltage across capacitor is
(c) 0.89 W (d) 0.51 W
found to be 8V. Then, the voltage across R and the
Ans. (d) phase difference between current and the applied
Sol. Given, inductance, L = 20 mH voltage will respectively be
Capacitance, C = 50 F [AIIMS 2018]
Resistance, R = 40
Emf, V = 10 sin 340 t
Power loss in AC circuit will be given as
2 2
E   10 
Pav = IV2 R =  V  .R =   .40
 Z   2
  4 4
(a) 6V, tan −1   (b) 3V, tan −1  
  3 3
 1 
 2   5
(c) 6V, tan −1  
2
1  (d) None of these
 40 +  340  20 10 − −6  
3

340  50 10   3

 
Ans. (a)
100 1
=  40  Sol. We know that, for series R-C circuit
1600 + ( 6.8 − 58.8 )
2
2
2000 V2 = VC2 + VR2
=  0.46 W  0.51W
1600 + 2704
46. In an electromagnetic wave in free space the root mean
square value of the electric field is Erms = 6 V / m .
The peak value of the magnetic field is:
[NEET 2017]
−8 −8 100 = 64 + VR2
(a) 0.70  10 T (b) 4.23  10 T
−8 −8  VR2 = 36  VR = 36 = 6V
(c) 1.41 10 T (d) 2.83  10 T
VC 8
Ans. (d) Also, tan =  tan =
VR 6
Sol. Electric field,
Erms = 6 V/m tan =
4
3
Now, electromagnetic wave,
4
E  = tan −1  
Brms = rms … (1) 3
c
Where, c is the speed of light. Thus, the power loss in the circuit is 0.79 W.
Now, the peak value of the magnetic field is, 48. An EM wave is propagating in a medium with a
velocity v = vi. The instantaneous oscillating electric
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 10

field of this EM wave is along +Y-axis. Then, the L1L2 L.L L

Leg = = =
direction of oscillating magnetic field of L1 + L 2 L + L 2
electromagnetic wave will be along
Similarly,
[NEET 2018]
Ceg = C1 + C2 = C + C = 2C
(a) − y-direction (b) +z-direction
(c) −z-direction (d) −x-direction  Resonance frequency
Ans. (b) 1 1
r = =
Sol. Here, velocity of EM wave v = vi Instantaneous L eg .Ceg L
.2C
oscillating electric field, 2

E = Ej =
1
=
1
LC LC
As we know that during the propagation of
electromagnetic waves through a medium, oscillating 50. A circuit when connected to an AC source of 12 V
electric and magnetic field vectors are mutually gives a current of 0.2 A. The same circuit when
perpendicular to each other and also to the direction connected to a DC source of 12 V, gives a current of
of propagation of the wave. i.e. 0.4 A. The circuit is
i.e. EB=v [NEET 2019]

( )
(a) series L-R (b) series R-C
 E = E j  B = vi …(i)
(c) series L-C (d) series L-C-R
As we know that, from vector algebra, Ans. (a)

j k = i …(ii) Sol. When the circuit is connected to AC source,

Voltage, V = 12 V
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Current, I = 0 2. A
B = Bk,
V 12
where, B (say) is the magnitude of magnetic field.  Impedance, Z = = = 60
I 0.2
Thus, we can say that, the direction of oscillating When it is connected to DC source
magnetic field of the EM wave will be along +z-
Voltage, V = 12
direction.
Current, I = 0.4 A
49. Find resonance frequency in the given circuit
 Resistance,
[JIPMER 2019]
V 12
R= = = 30
I 0.4
As in case of DC supply, the capacitor act as an open
circuit and no current flows through the circuit. So,
the given circuit will not have capacitor in series
combination. Therefore, the circuit should be a series
L-R circuit
1 2 N1 50
(a) (b) 51. A transformer with turns ratio = is connected
LC LC N2 1
1 4 to a 120 V AC supply. If primary and secondary
(c) (d)
2 LC LC circuit resistances are 15. kΩ and 1Ω respectively,
then find out power of output.
Ans. (a)
[AIIMS 2019]
Sol. In the given circuit diagram, both inductors of
inductance L are parallel to each other, hence (a) 5.76 W (b) 11.4 W
(c) 2.89 W (d) 7.56 W
Ans. (a)
11 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Sol. Given, turn ratio of a transformer, dV

 ID = C
N1 50 dt
=
N2 1 Substituting the given values, we get
 N1 = 50N 2 I D = 20 10−6  3
N1 V1 = 60 10−6 A = 60 A
Since, =
N 2 V2
As displacement current is in between the plates of
120 capacitor and conduction current is in the connecting
50 =  V1 = 120 ( given )
V2  wires which are equal to each other. So,
12 IC = ID = 60 A
 V2 = V
5
Output power at secondary coil, 53. The ratio of contributions made by the electric field
V 2 and magnetic field components to the intensity of an
Ps = 2
 R 2 = 1 ( given ) electromagnetic wave is: (c = speed of
R2 electromagnetic waves) [NEET 2020]
2
 12  (a) 1 : c (b) 1 : c2
 
=  =
5 144 (c) c : 1 (d) 1 : 1
1 25 Ans. (d)
Sol. Energy distribution is same so ratio of electric field
= 5.76 W
and magnetic field will be 1 : 1
52. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 20µFis being 54. A series LCR circuit is connected to an AC voltage
charged by a voltage source whose potential is source. When L is removed from the circuit, the
changing at the rate of 3 V/s. The conduction current 
phase difference between current and voltage is .
through the connecting wires and the displacement 3
current through t v = vi he plates of the capacitor If instead C is removed from the circuit, the phase
would be respectively 
difference is again between current and voltage.
[NEET 2019] 3
The power factor of the circuit is: [NEET 2020]
(a) 60 A (b) 60 A, zero
(a) 1.0 (b) – 1.0
(c) zero, zero (d) Zero, 60 A
(c) zero (d) 0.5
Ans. (a) Ans (a)
Sol. Given, C = 20 A F = 20  10 F -6 Sol When inductor alone is removed,

and
dV
= 3 V/s  =
dt 3
The displacement current in a circuit is given by XC
tan  =
d R
ID = 0
dt  XC
tan = = 3
d
= 0 ( EA )  = EA  3 R
dt
Xc = R 3
d V
= 0A    V = Ed 
dt  d 
A dV
= 0
d dt
As the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor,
A
C= 0

d
When capacitor alone is removed,
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 12

XL Answer: (c)
tan  =
R Solution:
Conduction current in case of capacitor with Ac
source:
I c = V0C cos t
 Displacement current will be : V0C cos t
57. For a plane electromagnetic wave propagating in x -
direction, which one of the following combination
 XL gives the correct possible directions for electric field
tan = (E) and magnetic field (B) respectively
3 R
[NEET 2021]
Thus, for the original circuit,
(a) ˆj + k,
ˆ −ˆj − kˆ (b) −ˆj + k,
ˆ −ˆj + kˆ
X
3= L (c) ˆj + k,
ˆ ˆj + kˆ (d) −ˆj + k,
ˆ −ˆj − kˆ
R
XL = R 3 = XC Ans. (d)
Sol. For direction
X L = XC  (Z = R)
EB = C

power factor = cos  =

R R
= =1 ( ) ( )
1. ˆj + kˆ  −ˆj − kˆ = 0 (wrong)

2. ( ˆj  kˆ )  ( −ˆj  kˆ ) = 0
Z R
(wrong)

3. ( ˆj + kˆ )  ( ˆj + kˆ ) = 0 (wrong)

4. ( −ˆj + kˆ )  ( −ˆj − kˆ ) = ˆi + ˆi = 2iˆ (wrong)

58. An inductor of inductance L, a capacitor of

capacitance C and a resistor of resistance ‘R’ are
connected in series to an ac source of potential
difference ‘V’ volts as shown in figures.
Potential difference across L, C and R is 40 V, 10V
and 40V, respectively. The amplitude of current
55. A 40 F capacitor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz
flowing through LCR series circuit is 10 2. The
ac supply. The rms value of the current in the circuit
is, nearly: [NEET 2020] impedance of the circuit is: [NEET 2021]
(a) 2.5 A (b) 25.1 A
(c) 1.7 A (d) 2.05 A
Ans (a)
Vrms 200
Sol I rms = = = 200. 2f .C
z XC
= 200× 2×3.14×50× 40×10−6
Irms = 251.2×10−2  2.5A
56. A capacitor of capacitance ‘C’, is connected across (a) 4 (b) 5
an ac source of voltage V, given by V = V0 sin ωt. 5
The displacement current between the plates of the (c) 4 2 (d) 
capacitor, would then be given by: [NEET 2021] 2
V0 Ans (b)
(a) Id = sin t (b) Id = V0Csin t
C Sol. Vrms = 302 + 402 = 50
V0
(c) Id = V0Ccos t (d) Id = cos t
C
13 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

10 2
I rms = = 10
2
50
Z= = 5
10
59. A series LCR circuit containing 5.0 H inductor,
80μF capacitor and 40 Ω resistor is connected to 230
V variable frequency ac source. The angular
frequencies of the source at which power transferred
to the circuit is half the power at the resonant angular
frequency are likely to be:
[NEET 2021]
(a) 46 rad/s and 54 rad/s
(b) 42 rad/s and 58 rad/s
(c) 25 rad/s and 75 rad/s
(d) 50 rad/s and 25 rad/s
Ans. (a)
Sol. Band width at half power frequency
R
 =
L
40
= = 8rad / s
5
60. A step down transformer connected to an ac mains
supply of 220 V is made to operate at 11 V, 44 W
lamp. Ignoring power losses in the transformer, what
is the current in the primary circuit?
[NEET 2021]
(a) 2A (b) 4A
(c) 0.2A (d) 0.4A
Ans. (c)
Sol. ( Vi )Primary = ( Vi )Secondary
220i = 44
44 2
i= = = 0.2A
220 10
1 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

EXERCISE-3: Achiever’s Section

1. The voltage time (V–t) graph for triangular wave 2. The current I in an A.C. circuit inductance coil varies
having peak value V0 is as shown in figure with time according to the graph given below,

The rms value of V in time interval from t = 0 to T/4 Which one of the following graphs gives the variation
is of voltage with time?
V0 V0
(a) (b)
3 2
V0
(c) (d) None of these
2
Ans. (a)
Sol. (a)

(b)

4V0 (c)
tan  = V=(t)
T
T
2 4
4  4V0 
  t dt
2

T  T  0
Vrms = T

 dt
0 (d)
3
T Ans. (a)
( 4)
3
4V0 ×3 4V0 T 3
4 Sol. AC current has the property that the flow of charge
= = . reverses periodically. Now, according to question,
( 4 ) ×3 T
3
T T T
4 the AC current I in inductance coil varies with time,
4V0 T dI
= emf,  = L .
T 4 3 dt
V
 Vrms = 0
3
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 2

R=X L =X C

E= VR 2 + ( VL -VC )
2

But,
VL = VC
V = VR
When capacitor is short circuited,
Now, the rate of current is positively constant for VC = 0
one period and negatively constant for the second VR = VL
period. Therefore, the value of emf is positive for
V= VR 2 +VL 2
the first half. The same will be negative for the
second half. 10 = 2VL
10
3. An arc lamp requires a direct current of 10A at 80V to VL = V
function. If it is connected to a 220V ( rms ) ,50Hz AC 2
supply, the series inductor needed for it to work is 5. A coil has an inductance of 0.7 H and is joined in
close to: series with a resistance of 220Ω. When an alternating
emf of 220 V at 50 cps is applied to it, then the
(a) 0.08 H (b) 0.044 H
wattless component of the current in the circuit is
(c) 0.065 H (d) 80 H
(a) 5A (b) 0.5 A
Ans. (c)
(c) 0.7 A (d) 7 A
Sol. Current can be written as, Ans. (b)
Sol.
e
I=
R +X 2L
2

e
I=
R +ω2 L2
2

e
I=
R 2 +4π 2 ν 2 L2
220  V 
10=  R= =8 Ω 
64+4π ( 50 ) L  I 
2 2 2

L=0.065 H
4. In a series LCR circuit the voltage across the
resistance, capacitance and inductance is 10 V each. If
the capacitance is short circuited, the voltage across
the inductance will be
10
(a) 10 V (b) V
2
(c) (10/3) V (d) 20 V
Ans. (b)
Sol. If voltage is equal across each element, then.
3 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

I ω =I 0 sin 
E0
I0 =
z
z= R 2 + ( Lω )
2

Lω
sin =
R 2 + ( Lω )
( )
2

(a) 1/ 2 a (b) (3 / 2) a
E0 Lω
Iω =
R 2 + ( Lω )
2
×
R 2 + ( Lω )
2 (c) ( 2 / 3) a (
(d) 1/ 3 a )
220×0.7×2π×50 Ans. (c)
Iω =
( 220 ) + ( 0.7×2π×50 )
2 2
Sol.
ω=2πT=2π×50
I ω =0.5A

6. In an AC circuit, the instantaneous emf and current are

  x 2 +y 2 =a 2
given by e = 100sin 30t , i =20sin  30t -  . In one
 4
 y= a 2 -x 2
cycle of AC, the average power consumed by the
circuit and the wattless current are, respectively: We know

i 2 dt
= 
,0 (b) ( 50,0 )
50 i
(a) rms  dt
2
y 2 dx
(c) ( 50,10 ) (d) = 
1000
,10
2  dx
Ans. (d) a
2 2
 a -x dx
Sol. Formula for power consumption,
= -a
a
P=Vrms I rms cosθ  dx
V0 πI0 -a
P= ×cos  
×
2 2 4 2a 2
100 20 1 2a 3 -
P= × × = 3
2 2 2 2a
1000 2
P= W = a
2 3

Now wattles current will be found by the equation,

8. When an AC source of emf e = E0 sin (100t ) is
I=I rms sinθ
connected across a circuit, the phase difference
I0 π between the emf e and the current i in the circuit is
I= sin  
2 4 
observed to be , as shown in the diagram. If the
20 4
I=
2× 2 circuit consists possibly only of RC or RL or LC in
I=10 A series, find the relationship between the two elements:

7. Determine the rms value of a semi-circular current

wave which has a maximum value of a.
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 4

Sol. f1 and f2 are the frequency of the L-C circuit.

Resistance is given as R .
Now, the frequency will be,
1
f1 =
LC
Now, the resistance is added to the frequency, then
the frequency becomes f 2 ,
(a) R = 1 k, C = 10  F (b) R = 1 k, C = 1  F 2 2
 1   R
(c) R = 1 k , L = 10 H (d) R = 1 k , L = 1 H f2 =   − 
 LC   2 L 
Ans. (a)
The ratio of the frequencies can be written as,
Sol. For RC circuit, we can write that, 2 2
 1   R 
  − 
1 f2  LC   2 L 
tanθ= =
RωC f1 1
 
π 1 LC
tan   =
 4  RωC Simplifying this will give,
1 1  R 
2

  ( LC )
1= 1− 
2
RωC f 2 LC  2L 
1 =
RC= f1 1
ω LC
1 -1
RC= s f2 1 R 2C 2
100 = 1−
f1 LC 4
When R=1×10 Ω 3
1
Taking the term inside the bracket will give,
LC
1
103 ×C= f2 R 2C
100 = 1−
f1 4L
1
C= 2 10. A capacitor of capacitance 1µFis charged to a
10 ×103
C=10-5 F potential of 1V. It is connected in parallel to an
inductor of inductance 10-3 H. The maximum
10 current that will flow in the circuit has the value
C= ×10-5 F
10
C=10×10-6 F (a) 1000mA (b) 1 A
C=10 μF
(c) 1 mA (d) 1000 mA
9. Frequency of L–C circuit is f1 . If a resistance R is also Ans. (a)
added to it, the frequency becomes f 2 . The ratio of
Sol. Charge on the capacitor,
f2
will be:
f1 q0 = CV = 1  10-6  1 =10-6 C

Here, q = q0sint
R 2C R 2C
(a) 1+ (b) 1 −
4L 4L Or I0 = q0 = maximum current
2 2
R C R C
1+ (d) 1 −
= (109 )
(c) 1 1 1/ 2
L L Now, = =
−9
LC 10
Ans. (b)
5 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

L = 10−3 H, C = 10−6 F Irms Vrms

Also, =
 I0 = (10 )  (110−6 )
9 1/ 2 2  1 
2

R2 +  
 C/3
= 1000mA
Vrms
11. Assertion For an electric lamp connected in series = …(ii)
9
with a variable capacitor and AC source; its R + 2 2
2

brightness increases with increase in capacitance. C

Reason Capacitive reactance decreases with
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
increase in capacitance of capacitor.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
5
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. 3R 2 = 2
C2
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but
1 3
Reason is not the correct explanation of  =
Assertion. R ( C) 5
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. XC 3
 =
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. R 5
Ans. (a)
1 13. The natural frequency of an L-C circuit is 125000
Sol. Capacitive reactance XC = .
C cycle/s, then the capacitor C is replaced by another
capacitor with a dielectric medium of dielectric
When capacitance C increases the capacitive constant K. In this case, the frequency decreases by
reactance decreases. Due to decrease in its values, 25 kHz. The value of K is
the current in the circuit will increase
(a) 3.0 (b) 2.1
 E 
I =  and hence brightness of source (or (c) 1.56 (d) 1.7
 R 2
+ X 2 
 C  Ans. (c)
electric lamp) will also increase.
Sol. Given frequency,
12. An AC source of angular frequency ω is fed across
1 1
a resistor R and a capacitor C in series. The current f= or f 
registered is I. If now the frequency of source is 2 LC C
changed to ω/3 (but maintaining the same voltage),
When capacitor C is replaced by another capacitor
the current in the circuit is found to be halved.
C′ of dielectric constant K, then
Calculate the ratio of reactance to resistance at the
original frequency ω . C ' = KC
f' C
3 2  =
(a) (b) f C'
5 5
125000 − 25000 C
1 4 or =
(c) (d) 125000 KC
4 5
100 1
Ans. (a) 0r =
125 K
2
Sol. At angular frequency ω, the current in R-C circuit  125 
or K =   = 1.56
is given by  100 

Vrms 14. The following series resonant L-C-R circuit has a

Irms = …(i)
2
 1  quality factor (Q-factor) 0.4 and a bandwidth of 1.3
R2 +   kHz. The value of inductance is then
 C
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 6

q
From Gauss’s law, E =
0

dq
 I0 =
dt
That is it will happen when charge on capacitor
does not remain constant but changes with time.
d
(a) 0.1 H (b) 0.94 H Also, ID = 0 = E .
dt
(c) 2 H (d) 10 H Hence, electric flux should also change to have
Ans. (b) displacement current.
16. The pressure exerted by an electromagnetic wave
Sol. Quality factor, of intensity, I (Wm−2) on a non-reflecting surface is

Q= = (a) Ic (b) Ic2

2 − 1 2 ( f 2 − f1 )
(c) I/c (d) I/c2
1 Ans. (c)
But =
LC Sol. When a surface intercepts electromagnetic
radiation, a force and a pressure are exerted on the
1 1
Q=  surface.
2 LC ( f 2 − f1 )
1 1 As the surface is non-reflecting, so it is completely
0.4 = 
2 L  0.1 10−6 1.3  103 absorbed and in such case the force is, F =
IA
1 c
L=
4

2
( 0.4 1.3 10 ) 3 2
 0.1 10−6 
 The radiation pressure is the force per unit area,
= 0.94 H
F I
p= =
A c

15. Assertion The displacement current goes through where, c = speed of light.
the gap between the plates of a capacitor when the
17. Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an
charge of the capacitor does not change.
electromagnetic wave is E0 = 120 N C/ and its
Reason The displacement current arises in the
frequency is ν = 500. MHz. The expressions for E
region in which the electric field and hence the
will be
electric flux does not change with time.
[(120N / C ) sin{(1.05rad / m )
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and (a)
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion x − ( 3.14 108 rad / s ) t}] i

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but [(120N / C ) sin{(1.05rad / m )
(b)
x − ( 3.14 108 rad / s ) t}]k
Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect [(120N / C ) sin{(1.05rad / m )
(c)
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect x − ( 3.14 108 rad / s ) t}] j
Ans. (d)
[(120N / C ) cos{(1.05rad / m )
(d)
Sol. The displacement current is given by x − ( 3.14 108 rad / s ) t}] j
d E d q 
ID = 0 = 0   Ans. (c)
dt dt  0 
7 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Sol. Given, E0 = 120N/C, v = 50.0 MHz 1 V

VCB = I BR  = …(ii)
= 50  106 Hz 4 C ( 4R C ) +1
2

We know
Hence, from above Eqs. (i) and (ii), we conclude
 = 2 (2  3.14 rad) (50  106 Hz)
= 3.14  108 rad/s that because numerator of I BR is increased from I AR
And wave constant, by a factor of 2.
3.14 10 rad/s
8 So, IBR  IAR and VCA  VCB .
k= =
c 3 108 m/s
19. The following series L-C-R circuit, when driven by
= 1.05 rad/m
an emf source of angular frequency 70 k-rad/s, the
As it is clear from the option given wave to be
circuit effectively behaves like
propagating along X-axis, then E is along Y-axis
and B is along Z-axis. Clearly,
E = E0 sin ( kx − t ) j
= [(120N / C ) sin{(1.05rad / m )
x − ( 3.14 108 rad / s ) t}]j
(a) purely resistive circuit
18. A series R-C circuit is connected to AC voltage
(b) series R-L circuit
source. Consider two cases; (A) When C is without
(c) series R-C circuit
a dielectric medium and (B) When C is filled with
(d) series L-C circuit with R = 0
dielectric of constant 4. The current IR through the
Ans. (b)
resistor and voltage VC across the capacitor are
compared in two cases. Which of the following is Sol. Resonance frequency,
true?
1
(a) IAR  IRB (b) IAR  IRB 0 =
LC
1
(c) VCA  VCB (d) None of these =
100  10  1 10 −6
−6

Ans. (b)
1
Sol. For circuit A, = = 105 rad/s
−10
10
1
Impedance, ZA = R 2 +
2 C 2 Now, given ω = 70 k-rad/s
Current in circuit,
V = 70000 rad/s
IAR = …(i)
(
R 2 + 1/ 2 C2 ) Here, ω0 > ω
Potential difference across C,
Thus, the circuit is capacitive dominant circuit. The
1 V
VCA = I AR  = circuit effectively behaves like series R-L circuit.
C ( R C) + 1
2

20. From figure shown below, a series L-C-R circuit

For circuit B,
connected to a variable frequency 200 V source. If
1 C = 80µF and R = 40 Ω, then the source frequency
Impedance, Z B = R 2 +
(4 )
2
C2 which drive the circuit at resonance is
Current in circuit,
V
I BR =
R 2 + 1/ ( 4 C ) 
2
 
Potential difference across C,
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 8

(c) 0.1 H (d) 1.1 H

Ans. (d)

Sol. Resistance of bulb,

V 2 (100 )
2

R= = = 200
P 50

25 Current through bulb,

(a) 25 Hz (b) Hz
V 100
(c) 50 Hz (d)
50
Hz I= = = 0.5A
R 200
Ans. (b)
In a circuit containing inductive reactance (XL) and
Sol. The impedance (Z) of an R-L-C series circuit is resistance (R), impedance (Z ) of the circuit is
given by
Z = R2 + 2
L2 …(i)
2
 L 
Z = R2 +  L −  200
 C Here, Z = = 400
0.5
As, frequency of alternating emf applied to the
circuit is increased, XL goes on increasing and XC Now, X2L = Z2 − R 2
goes on decreasing. For a particular value of
= ( 400 ) − ( 200 )
2 2

ω = ( ωr, say)
 ( 2 fL ) = 12  104
2

XL = X C 2 3  100 2 3
 L= = = 1.1H
2  50
 1
i.e. r L=  2
r =
rC LC 50
22. In L-C-R circuit f = Hz, The V = 50V and R =
1 1
or r =  2 vr =
LC LC 300 Ω. If L = 1H and C = 20 µC, then voltage
1 across capacitor is
or v r =
2 LC (a) zero (b) 20 V
1 (c) 30 V (d) 50 V
=
2  3.14  5  80 10−6 Ans. (d)
1
= Sol. For an L-C-R circuit, the impedance (Z) is given by
2  3.14 ( 400 10 ) −6

1
=
2  3.14  2  10−2
100 25 25
= = = Hz
3.14  4 3.15

21. An electric bulb has a rated power of 50 W at 100

V. If it is used on an AC source 200 V, 50 Hz, a
choke has to be used in series with it. This choke
should have an inductance of Z = R 2 + ( XL − XC )
2

(a) 0.1 mH (b) 1 mH

9 ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Where, XL = L = 2 fL emf, V = 10 sin 314 t …(i)

1 1 The general equation of emf is given as

And XC = =
C 2 fC V = V0 sin t …(ii)

50 On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

Given, f = Hz, R = 300 , L = 1H
V0 = 10 V
−6
And C = 20 C = 20 10 C.
 = 314 rad s-1
 50 
 2  1 
The power loss associated with the given AC
 Z = ( 300 ) +  −
2
 circuit is given as
 2  50  20  10 −6 
  P = Vrms Irms cos

= 90000 + (100 − 500 )

2
 V  R 
= Vrms  rms   
= 90000 + 160000 = 500  Z  Z 

2 2
Hence, current in circuit is given by V   V 
=  rms  R =  0  R …(i)
 Z   2.Z 
V 50
i= = = 0.1A
Z 500
Impedance, Z = R 2 + ( X L − X C )
2

Voltage across capacitor,

2
 1 
i = R2 +  L − 
VC = iX C =  C
2 fC
0.1
=  substituting the given values in the above
50
2   20 10−6 equation, we get

0.1106
= = 50 V
2
 
+ ( 314  20 10−3 ) −
1
= ( 50 )
2
100  20 −4 
 314  10 
23. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 100 µF and a
2
resistor 50Ω are connected in series across a source = 2500 + 6280 10−3 − 0.00318 104 
of emf V t = 10 sin 314. The power loss in the
= 2500 + ( 25.56 )
2
circuit is
= 56.15 56
(a) 2.74 W (b) 0.43 W

(c) 0.79 W (d) 1.13 W Now, substituting this values in Eq. (i), we get

2
Ans. (c)  10  100
P=   50 =  50
 2  56  2  3136
Sol. Given inductance, L = 20 H = 0.79 W
= 20  10-3 H
Thus, the power loss in the circuit is 0.79 W.
Capacitance, C = 100 F = 100  10 F -6
24. An AC ammeter is used to measure current in a
circuit. When a given direct current passes through
Resistance, R = 50 
ALTERNATING CURRENT & ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 10

the circuit, the AC ammeter reads 3A. When V0

(c) V0 (d)
another alternating current passes through the 2
circuit, the AC ammeter reads 4A. Then, the
Ans. (d)
reading of this ammeter, if DC and AC flow Sol. Now, the rms value of the potential difference,
through the circuit simultaneously, is T

V
2
dt
Vrms = 0
(a) 3 A (b) 4 A T

(c) 7 A (d) 5 A

Ans. (d)

Sol. Quantity of heat liberated in the ammeter of

resistance R

(i) due to direct current of 3 A

Now, from the figure,
= [(3)2 R/J)] T
V = V0 for 0  t  , and
2
(ii) due to alternating current of 4 A T
V = 0 for  t  T
= [(4)2 R/J)] 2
Now, integrating the Vrms from the limit
∴ Total heat produced per second T T
0 to , and to T
2 2
( 3) ( 4)
2 2
R R 25R
= + = T T
J J J 2

V 0
2
dt  0dt
T

Let the equivalent alternating current be I virtual  Vrms = 0

+ 2
T T
ampere, then
T
V02 
I 2 R 25R  Vrms = 2
=  I = 5A T
J J
V0
Vrms =
25. The rms value of potential difference V shown in the 2
figure is

V0 V0
(a) (b)
2 3