Surface Chemistry 12.

CHAPTER

12 Surface Chemistry

EXERCISE I (JEE MAIN)

Adsorption

1. Which of the following interface can never be (c) chemical adsorption followed by dispersion.
obtained? (d) differential adsorption of different constituents
(a) Liquid–Liquid (b) Solid–Solid of a mixture.
(c) Liquid–Gas (d) Gas–Gas 6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of
2. When a chalk stick is dipped in ink, then chemisorption?
(a) the coloured pigments in the ink gets absorbed (a) Adsorption is irreversible.
in the chalk. (b) Adsorption decreases with increase in
(b) the solvent gets adsorbed at the surface of temperature.
chalk. (c) Adsorption is specific.
(c) the inside of the chalk will remain as white (d) Adsorption increases with increase in surface
while the surface will have coloured pigments. area.
(d) the inside of the chalk will have coloured
pigments while the surface will remain white. 7. Which one of the following is not a correct
statement?
3. Physical adsorption is appreciable at
(a) Physical adsorption is reversible in nature.
(a) higher temperature
(b) Physical adsorption involves van der Waals
(b) lower temperature
forces.
(c) at room temperature
(c) Rate of physical adsorption increases with
(d) 100°C increase of pressure on the adsorbate.
4. The rate of chemisorption (d) High activation energy is involved in physical
(a) decreases with increase of pressure. adsorption.
(b) is independent of pressure. 8. Which gas will be adsorbed on a solid to greater
(c) is maximum at one atmospheric pressure.
EXERCISE I

extent?
(d) increases with increase of pressure. (a) A gas having non-polar molecules.
5. Chromatography is a technique based on (b) A gas having higher critical temperature.
(a) solubilities of solute. (c) A gas having lowest critical temperature.
ㅤ (b) adsorption of solute. (d) A gas having higher critical pressure.

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 12.2 Chapter 12

9. The nature of bonding forces in adsorption is (c)

(a) purely physical like van der Waals force.
(b) purely chemical. x
(c) both, physical and chemical always. m
(d) none of these
T
10. Which one of the following is not applicable to
chemisorption? (d)
(a) High magnitude of ΔH.
x
(b) Occurs at higher temperature.
m
(c) It is reversible.
(d) It forms mono layer.
T
11. Which characteristic of adsorption is wrong?
15. In the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, the slope
(a) Physical adsorption decreases with increase in of the straight line graph between log (x/m) and
temperature. log P for the adsorption of a gas on solid is
(b) Physical adsorption increases with increase in
temperature. (a) k (b) log k
(c) Physical adsorption is a reversible process. (c) n (d) 1/n
(d) Adsorption is limited only to the surface. 16. Which one of the following characteristics is not
12. Sorption is the term used when correct for physical adsorption of a gas on solid?
(a) only adsorption takes place. (a) Adsorption is reversible.
(b) only absorption takes place. (b) Adsorption increases with increase in
(c) adsorption and absorption occur temperature.
simultaneously. (c) Absorption is spontaneous.
(d) desorption takes place. (d) Both enthalpy and entropy of adsorption are
13. The volumes of gases H2, CH4, CO2 and NH3 negative.
adsorbed by 1 g of charcoal at 288 K are in the 17. The enthalpy of adsorption in physisorption lies
order in the range of
(a) H2 > CH4 > CO2 > NH3 (a) (40 – 400) kJ/mol
(b) CH4 > CO2 > NH3 > H2
(b) (80 – 240) kJ/mol
(c) CO2 > NH3 > H2 > CH4
(c) (20 – 40) kJ/mol
(d) NH3 > CO2 > CH4 > H2
(d) (1 – 10) kJ/mol
14. Which plot is the adsorption isobar for
chemisorption? 18. In physical adsorption, the forces associated are

(a) (a) ionic bond (b) covalent bond

(c) van der Waals forces (d) all of these
x
m 19. How many layers are adsorbed in chemical
adsorption?
(a) 1 (b) 2
T
(c) 3 (d) 1 or more
(b)
EXERCISE I

20. Rate of physisorption increases with

x
(a) decrease in temperature.
m
(b) increase in temperature.
(c) decrease in pressure.
T (d) decrease in surface area.
ㅤ
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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 2 7/12/2019 10:01:06 AM
 Surface Chemistry 12.3

Catalysis

21. Which one of the following is not an example of 29. The catalyst used in the manufacture of hydrogen
homogeneous catalysis? by Bosch’s process is
(a) Formation of SO3 in the chamber process. (a) Fe2O3 (b) Cr2O3
(b) Formation of SO3 in the contact process. (c) Fe2O3 + Cr2O3 (d) Cu
(c) Hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of acid.
30. In the Ostwald’s process for the manufacture of
(d) Decomposition of KClO3 in the presence of HNO3, the catalyst used is
MnO2.
(a) Fe (b) Pt
22. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be
(c) V2O5 (d) Mo
slowed down by the addition of a small amount of
acetamide. The latter acts as 31. In a reversible reaction, a catalyst
(a) inhibitor (b) promoter (a) increases the rate of forward reaction only.
(c) moderator (d) poison (b) increases the rate of forward reaction to a greater
23. Efficiency of the catalyst depends on its extent than that of the backward reaction.
(a) molecular mass (c) increases the rate of forward reaction and
decreases than that of the backward reaction.
(b) number of free valencies
(d) increases the rate of forward and backward
(c) physical state
reaction by the same factor.
(d) amount used
32. The decomposition of H2O2 may be checked by
24. Which of the following types of metals make the
adding a small quantity of phosphoric acid. It is
most efficient catalysts?
an example of
(a) Transition metals
(a) neutralization
(b) Alkali metals
(b) negative catalysis
(c) Alkaline earth metals
(c) positive catalysis
(d) Radioactive metals
(d) catalytic poisoning
25. In the reaction KMnO4 + H2SO4 + H2C2O4 →
products, Mn++ ions act as 33. In the manufacture of H2SO4 by contact process,
the presence of As2O3 acts as
(a) positive catalyst (b) negative catalyst
(a) catalytic promoter (b) catalytic poison
(c) auto catalyst (d) enzyme catalyst
(c) induced catalyst (d) auto catalyst
26. In the Haber process of synthesis of NH3,
(a) Mo acts as a catalyst and Fe as a promoter. 34. Air can oxidize sodium sulphate in aqueous
solution but cannot do so in the case of sodium
(b) Fe acts as a catalyst and Mo as a promoter.
arsenite. However, if, air is passed through a
(c) Fe acts as inhibitor and Mo as a catalyst. solution containing both sodium sulphite and
(d) Fe acts as promoter and Mo as auto-catalyst. sodium arsenite then both are oxidized. This is an
27. TEL minimizes the knocking effect when mixed example of
with petrol. It acts as (a) positive catalysis (b) negative catalysis
(a) positive catalyst (b) negative catalyst (c) induced catalysis (d) auto catalysis
(c) auto-catalyst (d) induced catalyst 35. A catalyst is a substance which
EXERCISE I

28. Platinized asbestos is used as a catalyst in the (a) increases the equilibrium concentration of the
manufacture of H2SO4. It is an example of product.
(a) homogeneous catalyst (b) changes the equilibrium constant of the
(b) heterogeneous catalyst reaction.
(c) auto-catalyst (c) shortens the time to reach equilibrium.
ㅤ (d) induced catalyst (d) supplies energy to the reaction.

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 12.6 Chapter 12

65. An emulsion is a colloidal solution consisting of 73. When dilute aqueous solution of AgNO3 (excess)
(a) two solids. is added to KI solution, positively charged sol
particles of AgI are formed due to the adsorption
(b) two liquids.
of which of the following ion?
(c) two gases.
(a) K+ (b) Ag+
(d) one solid and one liquid.
(c) I– (d) NO3–
66. Peptization is a process of
74. Which one of the following substances is not used
(a) precipitating the colloidal particles. for preparing lyophilic sols?
(b) purifying the colloidal sol. (a) Metal sulphide (b) Gum
(c) dispersing the precipitate into colloidal sol. (c) Gelatin (d) Starch
(d) movement of colloidal particles towards the
opposite charged electrodes. 75. Which of the following is not a colloidal system?
(a) Sugar in water (b) Muddy water
67. Colloids are purified by
(c) Concrete (d) Bread
(a) Brownian motion (b) precipitation
(c) dialysis (d) filtration 76. Tyndall effect in colloidal solution is due to
(a) absorption of light.
68. Which of the following substance gives a positively (b) scattering of light.
charged sol?
(c) reflection of light.
(a) Gold (d) presence of electrically charged particles.
(b) Arsenious sulphide
(c) Starch 77. Which of the following substances will have least
CMC value?
(d) Ferric hydroxide
(a) C6H13COOK (b) C9H19SO3Na
69. Blood may be purified by (c) C11H23NH4Cl (d) C8H17COONa
(a) dialysis (b) electro-osmosis 78. In the styrene foam, the dispersed phase and
(c) coagulation (d) filtration dispersion medium are, respectively,
70. Tanning of leather is (a) gas, gas (b) gas, solid
(c) solid, solid (d) liquid, solid
(a) colouring of leather by chemicals.
(b) drying process to make the leather hard. 79. What happens when a lyophilic sol is added to a
(c) polishing of leather to make it look attractive. lyophobic sol?
(d) coagulative hardening of the leather by (a) Lyophilic sol gets protected by the lyophobic
chemicals. sol.
(b) Lyophobic sol is coagulated.
71. Surface tension of lyophilic sol is
(c) Lyophilic sol is coagulated.
(a) lower than that of dispersion medium.
(d) Lyophobic sol is protected by the lyophobic
(b) more than that of dispersion medium. sol.
(c) equal than that of dispersion medium.
80. Lyophilic sols are more stable than lyophobic sols
(d) any of these, depending on the dispersion
because
medium.
(a) the colloidal particles have positive charge.
EXERCISE I

72. Which of the following forms a colloidal solution (b) the colloidal particles have no charge.
in water? (c) the colloidal particles are highly solvated.
(a) NaCl (b) Glucose (d) there are strong electrostatic repulsions between
(c) Starch (d) Barium nitrate the charged colloidal particles.

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 Surface Chemistry 12.7

EXERCISE II (JEE ADVANCED)

Section A (Only one Correct)

1. Which among the following statements is false? 6. At 70 K, the adsorption of N2(g) at iron surface
(a) Increase in pressure increases the amount of obeys Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The
adsorption. following data is collected experimentally.
(b) Increase in temperature may decrease the
amount of adsorption. P (/bar) 4 25 64
x
(c) The adsorption may be monolayered or 0.2 0.5 0.8
multilayered. m
(d) Particle size of the adsorbent will not affect
x
the amount of adsorption. Here, is the mass (in g) of N2(g) adsorbed per
m
2. Adsorption of gases on solid surface is exothermic g of iron at P bar pressure. The moles of N2(g)
because adsorbed per g iron at 36 bar and 70 K is
(a) chemical bonds are always formed. 6 3
(b) adsorbate decreases the surface energy of (a) (b)
10 140
adsorbent.
3 3
(c) entropy increases. (c) (d)
(d) free energy increases. 70 280
7. The following information is available for the
⎛ x⎞ reaction R → P.
3. Graph between log ⎜ ⎟ and log P is a straight line
⎝ m⎠
at an angle 45° with intercept on y-axis, 0.3010. R ⎯⎯ → P: rate = r1
The amount (in g) of the gas absorbed per g of the R ⎯⎯ A
→ P: rate = r2
adsorbent when pressure is 0.2 atm is (assume that R ⎯⎯ B
→ P: rate = r3
the adsorption obey Freundlich isotherm) R ⎯C⎯ → P: rate = r4
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.6 R ⎯⎯ D
→ P: rate = r5
(c) 0.8 (d) 0.2 R ⎯⎯⎯A+C
→ P: rate = r6
4. Desorption of a gas from metal surface follows first- R ⎯⎯⎯A+D
→ P: rate = r7
order kinetics. The rate constant of desorption can
be given by Arrhenius equation. If the desorption If r3 < r1 = r4 = r5 < r7 < r2 < r6, then the only
of hydrogen on manganese is found to increases 10 incorrect statement is
times on increasing the temperature from 600 to1000 (a) B is an inhibitor.
K, the activation energy of desorption is (ln 10 = 2.3) (b) C is a catalytic promoter of catalyst A.
(a) 6.0 kcal/mol (b) 6.9 kcal/mol (c) D is a catalytic poison of catalyst A.
(c) 3.0 kcal/mol (d) 57.4 kcal/mol (d) A is a catalytic promoter of catalyst C.
5. According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm, 8. Which of the following statements is incorrect
which of the following is correct? about catalyst?
x
(a) ∝ P1/n (a) A catalyst catalyses a spontaneous chemical
m
EXERCISE II

reaction.
x (b) A catalyst catalyses all chemical reaction,
(b) ∝ P0
m whether spontaneous or non-spontaneous.
x (c) A catalyst provides alternate path of chemical
(c) ∝ P1
m reaction.
(d) All the above are correct for different ranges (d) A catalyst does not involve in a chemical
ㅤ reaction.
of pressure.

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 12.8 Chapter 12

9. Which of the following statements is incorrect? 15. Which of the following statements about a catalyst
(a) Enzymes exist in colloidal state. is true?
(b) Enzymes are catalysts. (a) A catalyst accelerates the reaction by bringing
down the free energy of activation.
(c) Enzymes can catalyse any reaction.
(b) A catalyst does not take part in the reaction
(d) Urease is an enzyme.
mechanism.
10. Which of the following statements is false for (c) A catalyst makes the reaction more feasible by
catalyst? making the ΔG° more negative.
(d) A catalyst makes the equilibrium constant of
(a) A catalyst initiates the reaction.
the reaction more favourable for the forward
(b) It does not alter the position of equilibrium in reaction.
a reversible reaction.
(c) A catalyst remains unchanged in quantity and 16. Which of the following is not true with respect to
composition at the end of reaction. a catalyst?
(d) Catalysts are sometimes very specific with (a) A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction
respect to a reaction. while inhibitor decreases the reaction rate.
(b) A promoter cannot catalyse the reaction on its
11. A catalytic poison renders the catalyst ineffective own without the presence of a catalyst.
because (c) The activity of enzyme catalyst increases in the
(a) it is preferentially adsorbed on the catalyst. presence of metal ions, like Mn2+, Co2+, etc.
(b) it adsorbs the molecules of the reactants. (d) When a solid catalyst is used for gaseous
(c) it always combines chemically with the catalyst. reaction, energy released in physisorption
increases the rate of a reaction.
(d) it combines with one of the reactant.
17. Which of the following is not a property of
12. Regarding criteria of catalyst, which one of the hydrophilic sol?
following statements is not true? (a) High concentration of dispersed phase can be
(a) The catalyst is unchanged chemically after the easily attained.
reaction. (b) Coagulation is reversible.
(b) A small quantity of catalyst is often sufficient (c) Viscosity and surface tension are nearly as
to bring about a considerable amount of the that of water.
reaction. (d) The charge on the particles may depend on the
(c) In reversible reaction, the catalyst alters the pH value and it may be positive, negative or
equilibrium position. even zero.
(d) The catalyst alters the rate of reaction. 18. Which metal sol (dispersion medium being water)
cannot be prepared by Bredig’s arc method?
13. Enzyme catalysis is an example of
(a) K (b) Cu
(a) auto-catalysis (c) Au (d) Pt
(b) heterogeneous catalysis
19. The formed colloid in following reaction is SnO2 +
(c) homogenous catalysis HCl (Excess) →
(d) induced catalysis
(a) SnCl4/Cl− (b) SnCl4/O2−
14. Which of the following is wrong in case of enzyme (c) SnCl4/H+ (d) SnCl4/Sn4+
catalysis?
20. When some special substances such as protein
EXERCISE II

(a) Enzymes work best at an optimum particles, blood corpuscles, etc., are separated by
temperature. a permeable membrane. The process is called
(b) Enzymes work best at an optimum pH. (a) dialysis (b) diffusion
(c) Enzymes are highly specific for substrates. (c) exosmosis (d) endosmosis
(d) An enzyme raises activation energy.
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 Surface Chemistry 12.9

21. The simplest way to check whether a system is (a) 2.39 × 109 (b) 4 × 1010
colloidal is by which of the following method? (c) 1.9 × 109 (d) 2.8 × 10−12
(a) Tyndall effect
(b) Brownian movement 27. Among the following, the surfactant that will form
micelles in aqueous solution at the lowest molar
(c) Electrodialysis
concentration at ambient conditions is
(d) Finding out particle size
(a) CH3(CH2)15N+(CH3)3Br−
22. Which one of the following colloidal solution is
(b) CH3(CH2)11OSO3−Na+
positive sol?
(c) CH3(CH2)6COO−Na+
(a) Blood
(b) Clay sol (d) CH3(CH2)11N+(CH3)3Br−
(c) Smoke 28. Among the electrolytes Na2SO4, CaCl2, Al2(SO4)3
(d) Gelatin in strongly acidic solution and NH4Cl, the most effective coagulating agent
23. When a lyophobic colloidal solution is observed in for Sb2S3 is
Tyndall effect, we can see (a) Na2SO4 (b) CaCl2
(a) the size of colloidal particles. (c) Al2(SO4)3 (d) NH4Cl
(b) the light scattered by colloidal particles.
29. Methylene blue, from its aqueous solution, is
(c) the shape of colloidal particles.
adsorbed on activated charcoal at 25oC. For this
(d) the size of particles of dispersion medium. process, which of the following statement is correct?
24. Identify the statement which is correct with respect (a) The adsorption requires activation at 25oC.
to surface phenomenon.
(b) The adsorption is accompanied by a decrease
(a) Osmotic pressure of rubber sol will be same in enthalpy.
as that of sucrose solution having same mass (c) The adsorption increases with increase in
mixed in the same mass of water. temperature.
(b) A gas may show physisorption at low
(d) The adsorption is irreversible.
temperature and chemisorption at high
temperature.
30. Match the columns.
(c) Soap sol of sodium palmitate will coagulate
near cathode in electrophoresis. Column I Column II
(d) Gold sol on mixing with starch sol causes (1) Coagulation (P) Scattering of light
stabilization of starch sol. (2) Peptization (Q) Purification of
colloidal solution
25. Which of the following reaction is not used in the
preparation of colloidal solution? (3) Tyndall effect (R) Addition of an
(a) 2H2S + SO2 → 3S + 2H2O electrolyte
(b) 2Mg + CO2 → 2MgO + C (4) Dialysis (S) Precipitation of
colloidal solution
(c) FeCl3 + 3H2O → Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl
(d) 2AuCl3 + 3SnCl2 → 2Au + 3SnCl4 1 2 3 4
−4 (a) P Q R S
26. A quantity of 1.9 × 10 g of the metal having
density 19 g/ml is dispersed in 1 L of water to give (b) S R P Q
a sol having spherical metal particles of radius
(c) R S Q P
10 nm. The approximate number of metal sol
EXERCISE II

particles per cm3 of the sol is (d) Q R P S

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 12.10 Chapter 12

Section B (One or More than one Correct)

1. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct 6. Which of the following statement is correct with
regarding adsorption? regard to adsorption of a gas on solid surface?
(a) Activated adsorption is highly specific. (a) Adsorption is always exothermic.
(b) van der Waals adsorption is reversible. (b) Physisorption may transform into
(c) Adsorption is always exothermic. chemisorption at high temperature.
(d) Adsorption is an iso-entropic process. (c) Physisorption increases with increasing
temperature but chemisorption decreases with
2. Adsorption is accompanied by increasing temperature.
(a) decrease in entropy of the system. (d) Chemisorption is more exothermic than
(b) decrease in enthalpy of the system. physisorption however, it is relatively slow due
(c) decrease in free energy of the system. to higher energy of activation.
(d) decrease in surface energy of adsorbent. 7. Zeolites
3. On increasing temperature at constant pressure, (a) are microporous aluminosilicates.
the amount of gas adsorbed at the surface per unit (b) have the general formula Mx/n.(AlO2)x ·
mass of adsorbent SiO2 · mH2O
(a) decreases in case of physisorption. (c) have pore sizes between 260 pm to 740 pm.
(b) decreases in case of chemisorption. (d) acts as shape-selective catalyst.
(c) increases in case of chemisorption.
(d) increases in case of physisorption. 8. Which of the following acts as negative catalyst?
(a) Tetraethyl lead as antiknock compound.
4. Which of the following statement(s) regarding
adsorption is/are not correct? (b) Glycerol in decomposition of H2O2.
(c) Ethanol in the oxidation of chloroform.
(a) Surface particles of adsorbent are not in the
same environment as the particles inside the (d) Lindlar’s catalyst.
bulk. 9. According to adsorption theory of catalysis, the
(b) During adsorption, there is always decrease in reaction rate increases, because
the residual forces on the surface.
(a) adsorption produces heat which increases the
(c) At equilibrium in adsorption, the values of rate of reaction.
ΔH and ΔS become equal.
(b) in the process of adsorption, the kinetic energy
(d) The extent of adsorption increases with of the molecules increases.
increase in surface area per unit mass of
(c) the concentration of reactants at the active
adsorbent.
centres becomes high due to adsorption.
5. Which of the following statement(s) is/are (d) the activation energy of the reaction becomes
incorrect regarding activated adsorption? high due to adsorption.
(a) Its extent increases with increase in pressure
10. Identify the incorrect statement(s) from the
and it may change to multilayer adsorption at
following.
high pressure.
(b) Its extent increases with decrease in (a) On changing the catalyst in a heterogeneous
temperature and it may change to multilayer catalysis, the product of reaction may change.
adsorption at low temperature. (b) Enzyme catalysed reactions are elementary
EXERCISE II

(c) Its extent increases with increase in surface (single step) reactions.
area of adsorbent. (c) Lactobacilli enzyme is responsible for the
(d) When oxygen is adsorbed at graphite surface, conversion of milk into curd.
none of the gas leaves the surface on strong (d) A catalytic promoter may increase the reaction
heating. rate even in the absence of catalyst.
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 Surface Chemistry 12.11

11. Which of the following option(s) is/are correct 15. The nature of electric charge on colloidal particles
regarding catalytic activity? can be experimentally determined by which of the
(a) Conversion of proteins into amino acids following process?
by hydrolysis in intestine is catalysed by the (a) Brownian movement (b) Electrophoresis
enzyme pancreatic trypsin. (c) Electro-osmosis (d) Ultramicroscope
(b) In case of fever, the activity of biochemical
catalyst gets adversely affected. 16. Identify the statement(s) which is/are not correct
(c) In heterogeneous catalysis, the reactants must with respect to the surface phenomenon.
get adsorbed reasonably strong on the catalyst (a) If on adding electrolyte in an emulsion, the
surface but not so strongly that desorption of conductivity decreases, then it will be oil in
product becomes impossible. water type emulsion.
(d) In the decomposition of methyl urea, enzyme (b) Tyndall effect is observed when the refractive
urease acts as a catalyst. indices of the dispersed phase and dispersion
medium differ largely.
12. Enzymes are highly efficient catalyst. An enzyme (c) Macromolecular colloids are generally
‘catalase’ increases the rate of decomposition of lyophobic in nature.
H2O2(aq) into H2O(l) and O2(g) e20 times at 300
(d) Gases which can react with the adsorbents
K. The activation energy of enzyme catalysed
generally show chemisorption.
reaction is 2.0 kcal/mol. Which of the following
information(s) is/are correct assuming that the 17. Select the correct statement(s) from the following.
value of pre-exponential factor is unaffected by
temperature change or use of catalyst and the (a) If the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of
activation energy is independent of temperature. a soap is 10−3 M, then 10−4 M solution of this
soap will have colloidal nature.
(a) The activation energy of uncatalysed reaction (b) Charge on the colloidal particles may be
is 14.0 kcal/mol. determined with the help of dialysis.
(b) Uncatalysed reaction is an elementary (single (c) Peptization is the process of conversion of a
step) reaction. colloidal sol into precipitate by adding some
(c) Catalysed reaction is a complex (multi step) electrolyte.
reaction. (d) When some oil-soluble dye is added in the
(d) On increasing the temperature, the ratio of water in oil emulsion, the background becomes
rates of catalysed and uncatalysed reactions coloured.
becomes less than e20.
18. For the coagulation of a particular colloidal
13. During electro-osmosis of Fe(OH)3 sol, solution, the order of coagulation power of some
(a) sol particles move towards anode. electrolytes is in the order Na3PO4 > BaSO4 >
(b) sol particles move towards cathode. AlCl3. Which of the following information(s) may
be correct for such colloid?
(c) the dispersion medium move towards anode.
(d) the sol particles do not move in either direction. (a) In electro-osmosis, the dispersion medium
move towards the anode.
14. Colloidal particles in a sol can be coagulated by (b) Diffused layer around colloidal particles
(a) heating. in the electric double layer mostly contains
(b) addition of electrolyte. negatively charged particles.
(c) addition of oppositely charged sol. (c) It may be basic dye such as methylene blue.
EXERCISE II

(d) addition of dispersion medium. (d) It may be metal sol.

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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 11 7/12/2019 10:01:09 AM
 12.12 Chapter 12

19. The following experimental data is obtained for 22. Which of the following statement is correct?
the osmotic pressure of the solution by adding (a) Potassium ferrocyanide can cause greater
different moles of C17H35COONa in sufficient coagulation in a basic dye as compared to
water to get 1.0 L solution in each case. Na2HPO3.
Moles of (b) A starch aquasol can act as protective colloid
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 for Fe(OH)3 sol.
C17H35COONa
π (c) The slope of the Freundlich adsorption
(moles/ 0 0.02 0.04 0.058 0.076
RT x
litre) isotherm (log vs. logP) keeps on changing
m
Select the correct information(s) regarding the for a long range of pressure and is constant
nature of solution. over a limited range of pressure.
(a) At 0.02 M concentration, the solution behaves (d) Higher the zeta potential, greater is the
as true solution. stability of colloid.
(b) At 0.04 M concentration, the solution behaves 23. Which of the following will show Tyndall effect?
as colloidal solution. (a) Aqueous solution of sodium stearate above
(c) The critical micelle concentration (CMC) critical micelle concentration (CMC).
of C17H35COONa is in between 0.02 M and (b) Aqueous solution of sodium stearate below
0.03 M. critical micelle concentration (CMC).
(d) At 0.05 M concentration, the mixture (c) Aqueous solution of sodium stearate above
of C17H35COONa and water will be Krafft temperature.
homogeneous.
(d) Aqueous solution of sugar.
20. Select the incorrect statement related to colloids. 24. Choose the correct reason(s) for the stability of
(a) Muddy water can be coagulated more the lyophobic colloidal particles.
effectively by alums as compared to NaCl. (a) Preferential adsorption of ions on their
(b) Surface tension of lyophilic colloids is less surface from the solution.
than that of dispersion medium. (b) Preferential adsorption of solvent on their
(c) When excess of AgNO3 is added in aqueous surface from the solution.
KI solution and the sol is subjected to (c) Attraction between different particles having
electrophoresis, coagulation occurs near the opposite charges on their surface.
anode. (d) Potential difference between the fixed layer
(d) Cloud bursting in atmosphere occurs due to and the diffused layer of opposite charges
large amount of water present in the cloud. around the colloidal particles.
25. The dispersed phase in colloidal iron(III)
21. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
hydroxide and colloidal gold is positively and
(a) The conductivity of a soap solution decreases negatively charged, respectively. Which of the
sharply at CMC. following statement(s) is/are not correct?
(b) Tyndall effect is more effective in gold sol in (a) Magnesium chloride solution coagulates
comparison to the rubber sol. the gold sol more readily than the iron(III)
(c) The elevation in boiling point of an alcoholic hydroxide sol.
solution of sulphur is less than that of its sol (b) Sodium sulphate solution causes coagulation
in water if mass of sulphur present per unit in both sols.
EXERCISE II

volume of mixture is same in both cases. (c) Mixing of the sols has no effect.
(d) CMC value of CH3(CH2)9NH3Cl will be less (d) Coagulation in both sols can be brought about
than that of CH3(CH2)6COONa. by electrophoresis.

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 Surface Chemistry 12.13

Section C (Comprehensions)
Comprehension I
Whenever a mixture of gases is allowed to come in contact with a particular adsorbent under the same conditions, the rela-
tively stronger adsorbate is adsorbed to greater extent irrespective of its amount present. For example, H2O is adsorbed on
silica gel to greater extent than N2 or O2. This shows that some adsorbates are preferentially adsorbed. It is also observed
that the preferentially adsorbable adsorbents can displace a weakly adsorbable adsorbate from the surface of an adsorbent.
1. Which of the following gas is adsorbable to the 3. When the temperature is increased,
maximum extent? (a) the extent of adsorption increases.
(a) He (b) Ne (b) the extent of adsorption decreases.
(c) Ar (d) Xe (c) the extent of adsorption remains unchanged.
2. Which of the following gas can displace all the (d) the extent of adsorption first decreases and
remaining gases? then increases.
(a) O2 (b) N2
(c) CO (d) H2

Comprehension II
A chemist was studying the phenomenon of adsorption by placing blood charcoal in KCl solution.
He/She observed the difference in behaviour with dilute KCl solution and with concentrated KCl solution. He/She also
made a detailed study of the adsorption of gases on solid adsorbents. He/She observed that at the same temperature, dif-
ferent amounts of gases, like NH3, SO2, CO2, HCl were adsorbed by the same amount of the adsorbent. He/She further
studied the effect of temperature on adsorption and observed that in some cases, adsorption showed a regular trend while
in some other cases, the trend was not regular.
4. Which of the following result, the chemist must 5. The correct order of adsorption of gases studied
have observed about his studies with KCl solution? will be
(a) Dilute KCl solution shows no adsorption, (a) NH3 > SO2 > CO2 > HCl
whereas concentrated KCl solution shows (b) CO2 > SO2 > NH3 > HCl
adsorption. (c) SO2 > NH3 > HCl > CO2
(b) Concentrated KCl solution shows no (d) HCl > SO2 > NH3 > CO2
adsorption, whereas dilute KCl solution shows 6. Which of the following is correct?
adsorption.
(a) Adsorption is always exothermic.
(c) Dilute KCl solution shows positive adsorption, (b) Adsorption is always endothermic.
whereas concentrated KCl shows negative (c) Physical adsorption is endothermic, whereas
adsorption. chemical adsorption is exothermic.
(d) Concentrated KCl shows positive adsorption, (d) Chemical adsorption is endothermic, whereas
whereas dilute KCl shows negative adsorption. physical adsorption is exothermic.

Comprehension III
Specific surface area of a solid adsorbent is the surface area of the unit mass of the adsorbent. For any adsorbent,
EXERCISE II

the specific surface area may be increased by taking the adsorbent in powdered form or by increasing the pores in the
solid.
7. If the unit mass of a solid taken as a cube of (a) 1012 times (b) 104 times
volume 8 cm3 is powdered into identical 1012 (c) 10−8 times (d) 103 times
cubes, then the specific surface area of the solid
ㅤ increases by

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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 13 7/12/2019 10:01:09 AM
 12.14 Chapter 12

8. A volume of 112 cm3 hydrogen gas is adsorbed (a) 1.2 × 107 cm2/g
uniformly at the surface of 5 g palladium at 273oC (b) 6.0 × 107 cm3/g
and 2 atm. If the effective surface area of each
(c) 2.4 × 106 cm2/g
hydrogen molecule is 0.4 nm2, then the specific
surface area of palladium is (NA = 6 × 1023) (d) 6 × 105 cm2/g

Comprehension IV
The adsorption of a gas at a metal surface is called occlusion. The extent of gas adsorbed at metal surface at a certain
temperature depends on the pressure as
x
= K · P1/n
m
x
where K and n are constants for a particular combination of gas and metal at fixed temperature and is the mass of
m
gas adsorbed per unit mass of metal. For hydrogen gas at platinum surface, the following graph is obtained.
x
log10
m

tanθ = 0.25

log10P(/atm)
−4.0
9. The correct values of ‘K’ and ‘n’ are, respectively, (a) 200 g (b) 40 g
(a) 1.0, 0.25 (b) 10.0, 4.0 (c) 20 g (d) 4 g
(c) 10.0, 0.25 (d) 0.10, 4.0 11. The pressure at which 810 g of hydrogen gas will
10. The mass of hydrogen gas adsorbed on the surface adsorb on the surface of 1.0 g platinum is
of 10 g platinum at 16 atm is (a) 2 atm (b) 9 atm
(c) 3 atm (d) 4 atm

Comprehension V
The clouds consist of charged particles of water dispersed in air. Some of them are +vely charged and some are –vely
charged. When +vely charged clouds come closer, they cause lightening and thundering, whereas when +vely and –vely
charged clouds come closer, they cause heavy rain by aggregation of minute particles. It is possible to cause artificial
rain by throwing electrified sand or silver iodide from an aeroplane and thus coagulating the mist hanging in air.
12. When excess of AgNO3 is treated with KI solution, 14. Smoke screens consist of
AgI forms (a) fine particles of TiO2 dispersed in air by
(a) positively charged sol aeroplane.
(b) negatively charged sol (b) fine particles of AgI dispersed in air by
(c) neutral sol aeroplane.
(d) true solution (c) fine particles of Al2O3 dispersed in air by
aeroplane.
EXERCISE II

13. AgI helps in artificial rain because

(d) fine particles of carbon dispersed in air by
(a) it helps in condensation process aeroplane.
(b) it helps in dispersion process
(c) it helps in coagulation
(d) all of these
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 Surface Chemistry 12.15

Comprehension VI
The charge on colloidal particle is due to the selective adsorption of ions present in the dispersion medium. The adsorbed
ion on the colloidal particles is responsible for the development of electric charge. For example, the selective adsorption
of H+ ions lead to the development of positive charge on the colloidal particles and the selective adsorption of OH- ions
lead to the development of negative charge on the colloidal particles.
15. A colloidal solution of ferric hydroxide sol is 17. Which of the following ion forms primary
prepared by the hydrolysis of FeCl3. The colloidal electrical double layer on the colloidal particle of
particles of ferric hydroxide is As2S3?
(a) positively charged (a) As3+ (b) S2−
(b) negatively charged (c) H+ (d) OH−
(c) neutral
(d) none of these
16. The colloidal solution of AgNO3 in AgI can be
represented as
(a) AgI, Ag+, I− (b) AgI, Ag+, NO3−
(c) Ag+, NO3−, AgI (d) AgNO3, Ag+, I−

Comprehension VII
The protective power of the lyophilic colloids is expressed in terms of gold number, a term introduced by Zsigmondy.
Gold number is the number of milligrams of the protective colloid which prevents the coagulation of 10 ml of red gold
sol, when 1 ml of a 10% solution of sodium chloride is added to it. Thus, smaller the gold number of the lyophilic colloid,
the greater is its protective power.
18. On addition of 1 ml of 10% solution of NaCl to 20. Which of the following statements is true?
10 ml red gold sol in the presence of 0.025 g of the (a) Lower the gold number, more will be its
starch, the coagulation is just prevented. The gold protective power.
number of starch is
(b) Higher the gold number, more will be its
(a) 0.025 (b) 0.25 protective power.
(c) 2.5 (d) 25 (c) Higher the coagulation value, more will be its
19. Gold number gives an indication of coagulation power.
(d) Higher the coagulation value, less will be its
(a) protective nature of colloid.
coagulating power.
(b) purity of gold in suspension.
(c) charge on a colloidal solution of gold.
(d) mole of gold per litre of colloidal solution.

Section D (Assertion – Reason)

The following questions consist of two statements. (d) If Statement I is INCORRECT, but Statement II
Mark the answer as follows. is CORRECT.
(a) If both statements are CORRECT, and Statement 1. Statement I: When a finely divided active carbon
II is the CORRECT explanation of Statement I.
EXERCISE II

or clay is stirred into a dilute solution of dye, the

(b) If both statements are CORRECT, and Statement intensity of colour in the solution is decreased.
II is NOT the CORRECT explanation of Statement II: The dye is adsorbed on the solid
Statement I. surface.
(c) If Statement I is CORRECT, but Statement II is
INCORRECT.
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 12.16 Chapter 12

2. Statement I: The particles at the surface of solid 11. Statement I: A colloidal solution of cellulose
have higher average energy than the particles in nitrate in water cannot be prepared directly.
the bulk of solid. Statement II: Lyophilic sols can be prepared
Statement II: Due to adsorption, the surface directly by mixing the substance with the
energy of solid decreases. dispersion medium.

3. Statement I: Adsorption always decreases with 12. Statement I: Colloidal sols scatter light while true
increase in temperature. solutions do not.
Statement II: The particles in the colloidal sol
Statement II: Adsorption is temperature
move much slower than that of the true solution.
dependent.
13. Statement I: Colloidal solution is electrically neutral.
4. Statement I: For adsorption, ΔG, ΔS and ΔH, all Statement II: Due to similar nature of the charge
have negative values. carried by the particles of dispersed phase in
Statement II: Adsorption is a spontaneous lyophobic colloids, they repel each other and do
exothermic process in which randomness decreases not combine to form bigger particles.
due to force of attraction between adsorbent and
adsorbate. 14. Statement I: Isoelectric point is pH at which
colloids can move towards either of electrode.
5. Statement I: A gas with higher critical temperature Statement II: At isoelectric point, colloidal
gets adsorbed to more extent than a gas with lower particles become electrically neutral.
critical temperature.
15. Statement I: When AgNO3 is added in excess
Statement II: The easily liquefiable gases get of KI, colloidal particles gets attracted towards
adsorbed to greater extent. anode in electrophoresis.
6. Statement I: A catalyst provides an alternative path Statement II: Colloidal particles adsorb common
to the reaction in which conversion of reactants ions (excess) and thus become charged.
into products takes place quickly. 16. Statement I: A colloid gets coagulated by addition
Statement II: The catalyst forms an activated of an electrolyte.
complex of lower potential energy than the Statement II: The rate of coagulation depends
uncatalysed reaction, due to which more number on the magnitude and sign of the charge of the
of molecules become able to cross the energy coagulant ion.
barrier per unit time.
17. Statement I: Fe3+ can be used for coagulation of
7. Statement I: Lyophilic colloids are known as As2S3 sol.
reversible sols. Statement II: Fe3+ reacts with As2S3 to give Fe2S3.
Statement II: Lyophilic sols are liquid loving. 18. Statement I: The conversion of fresh precipitate to
8. Statement I: Addition of small amount of AgNO3 colloidal state is called peptization.
to excess of KI solution gives negative sol, Statement II: It is caused by addition of common
whereas addition of small amount of KI to excess ions, which neutralizes the charge on colloidal
of AgNO3 solution gives positive sol of AgI. particles.
Statement II: The sol particles adsorb the common 19. Statement I: Proteins, starch and rubber are
ions present in solution and acquire their charge. lyophilic colloids.
9. Statement I: Sol particles show Tyndall effect. Statement II: They have strong interaction with
the dispersion medium.
Statement II: The scattering of light occurs due to
suitable size of sol particles. 20. Statement I: Micelles are formed by surfactant
EXERCISE II

molecules above the critical micellar concentration

10. Statement I: The micelle formed by sodium (CMC).
stearate in water has –COO– groups at the surface. Statement II: The conductivity of a solution
Statement II: Surface tension of water is reduced having surfactant molecules decreases sharply at
by the addition of stearate. the CMC.
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 Surface Chemistry 12.17

Section E (Column Match)

1. Match the columns. 3. Match the columns.

Column I Column II Column III Column I Column II
(Colloidal (Dispersed (Dispersion
(A) Removal of water by (P) Absorption
solution) phase) medium)
silica gel.
(A) Colloidion (P) Water (U) Ethanol
(B) Removal of water by (Q) Adsorption
(B) Fog (Q) Cellulose (V) Oil anhydrous CaCl2.
(C) Butter (R) Fat (W) Air (C) Surface phenomena (R) Evaporation of
(D) Milk (X) Water liquid.
(D) Bulk phenomena (S) Boiling of liquid.
2. Match the columns.

Column I Column II 4. Match the columns.

(A) Cottrell (P) Purification of blood.
precipitation Column I Column II
(B) Electrophoresis (Q) Precipitation of (Reaction) (Suitable
colloidal particles by enzyme catalyst)
addition of electrolytes. (A) Starch → Maltose (P) Urease
(C) Hemodialysis (R) Removal of pollutants (B) Sucrose → Glucose (Q) Diastase
from industrial waste + Fructose
gases. (C) Urea → Ammonia + CO2 (R) Zymase
(D) Coagulation (S) Movement of charged
colloidal particles (D) Glucose → Ethanol + CO2 (S) Invertase
towards oppositely
charged electrode.

Section F (Subjective)
Single-digit Integer Type x
log10
m
1. Molecular formula of starch can be represented
as (C6H10O5)n. If the gold number of one
such starch is 6.48 and 0.01 millimoles of this
starch is required to be added in 10 ml of red gold tanθ = 0.25
sol to just prevent coagulation by adding 1 ml of 1.0
10% sodium chloride solution, then the value of
‘n’ is
log10P
2. Adsorption of hydrogen gas over palladium
3. The desorption of gas molecules from the
surface obey Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm as
adsorbent surface obeys Arrhenius equation. The
EXERCISE II

shown in the graph. The mass (in g) of hydrogen

average time (in sec) up to which a N2 molecule
gas adsorbed on the surface of 1.0 g palladium at
may remain adsorbed at Pt-surface at 400 K is
a pressure of 8.1 × 10−3 atm is
(Arrhenius parameters for desorption are: A =
1.25 × 108 s−1, Ea = 16 kcal/mol; e20 = 5 × 108)

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 12.18 Chapter 12

4. Among the following colloids, the number of 7. Twenty per cent of surface sites are occupied by
colloids having negatively charged colloidal N2 molecules. The density of surface site is 6.023
particles is: × 1014 cm–2 and the total surface area is 1000
Soap solution of sodium palmitate, sol of AgCl cm2. The catalyst is heated to 300 K while N2 is
obtained on dissolving excess AgNO3 into KCl completely desorbed into a pressure of 0.001 atm
solution, gold sol, Fe(OH)3 sol, silicic acid sol, and volume of 2.46 cm3. The number of active
basic dye, acidic dye, metal sulphide sol, sol of sites occupied by each N2 molecule is
AgCl obtained by dissolving excess KCl in AgNO3
8. A monolayer of N2 molecules (effective area 0.15
solution.
nm2) is absorbed on the surface of 1.00 g of Fe/
5. Nitrogen gas adsorbed on charcoal to the extent Al2O3 catalyst at 77 K, the boiling point of liquid
of 0.387 cm3/g at a pressure of 1.6 atm and at nitrogen. Upon warming, the nitrogen occupies
temperature of 200 K, but at 250 K the same 2.24 cm3 at 0°C and 760 torr. The surface area
amount of adsorption was achieved only when the of catalyst (in m2) is (Avogadro’s number NA =
pressure was increased to 32 atm. The magnitude 6 × 1023)
of molar enthalpy of adsorption (in kcal/mol) of
nitrogen on charcoal is (ln 20 = 3.0) 9. The minimum number of phases in a colloidal
system is
6. A quantity of 1.0 g of charcoal adsorbs 100 ml
0.5 M CH3COOH to form a monolayer, and 10. The chemisorption of hydrogen on manganese is
thereby the molarity of CH3COOH reduces activated, but only weakly, so careful measurements
to 0.49 M. The surface area (in 10−19 m2) have shown that it proceeds 20 times faster at
of the charcoal adsorbed by each molecule 1000 K than at 600 K. The activation energy for
of acetic acid is (Surface area of charcoal chemisorption (in kcal/mol) is (e3 = 20)
= 3.0 × 102 m2/g) (NA = 6 × 1023).

Four-digit Integer Type

1. A volume of 585 ml of 1%(w/w) NaCl solution at 2500 K and 0.72 s at 2000 K. The activation
of density 1.2 g/ml is required for complete energy for desorption (in kcal/mol) is (ln 2 = 0.7)
coagulation of 200 ml of a gold sol in two hours.
The coagulation value of NaCl (in millimole/L) is 5. The activation energy for the desorption of
hydrogen gas from iron and charcoal surfaces are
2. A solution of palmitic acid (Molar mass = 256 g/ 8.0 and 20.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Assume that
mol) in benzene contains 5.12 g of acid per dm3. the pre-exponential factor have the same value
When this solution is dropped on a water surface of 1012 s−1 in both and the ratio of half-lives of
the benzene evaporates and the palmitic acid forms hydrogen molecules at the iron and charcoal
a monomolecular film of the solid type. If we wish surfaces is 1:ex at 327oC, the value of x is
to cover an area of 480 cm2 with a monolayer, then
what volume (in mm3) of palmitic acid solution 6. It was found that 0.10 mg of an adsorbate covered
should be used? The area covered by one palmitic 0.06 m2 of a solid surface. If the molar mass of
acid molecule may be taken to be 0.2 nm2. (NA = the adsorbate is 0.25 kg/mol, then the effective
6 × 1023) area of each adsorbate molecule (in 10−20 m2) is
224 (NA = 6.0 × 1023).
3. A volume of cm3 hydrogen gas (measured at
π
7. A sample of charcoal weighing 6.00 g was brought
0oC and 1 atm) forms a uniform monolayer at 25 g
into contact with a gas contained in a vessel
0.16
EXERCISE II

copper. The density of liquid hydrogen is g/ of 1.52 litre capacity at 27oC. The pressure of
π the gas was found to fall from 700 to 400 mm of
cm3. The specific surface area of copper (in m2/g) Hg. The volume of the gas (in ml) reduced to 0oC
is (NA = 6 × 1023) and 1 atm that is adsorbed per gram of adsorbent
under the experimental condition is (neglect the
4. The average time for which an oxygen atom
volume of the solid)
ㅤ remains adsorbed to a tungsten surface is 0.36 s

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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 18 7/12/2019 10:01:10 AM
 Surface Chemistry 12.19

8. At 0oC and 1 atm pressure, the volume of nitrogen

K1
gas required to cover a sample of silica gel, assuming 
Step I: E + S  
 ES (Fast)
K −1
Langmuir monolayer adsorption is found to be 168
cm3/g of the gel. The surface area (in m2) per gram Step II: ES ⎯K⎯
2
→ P + E (Slow)
of silica gel is (the area occupied by each nitrogen
molecule is 0.16 nm3) (NA = 6 × 1023) The rate of product formation may be given as
dP K1 K 2 [ E ]0 [S ]
9. The ΔH of adsorption at constant amount of + = , where [E]0 is the total
dt K −1 + K 2 + K1 [S ]
vapour adsorbed is called the isosteric enthalpy enzyme concentration. For an enzyme-substrate
of adsorption ΔΘH. The adsorption of N2 on system obeying simple Michaelis and Menten
charcoal amounted to 0.894 cm3 (STP)/g at mechanism, the rate of product formation
(0.4 atm and 200 K) and (at 59.2 atm and T K). when the substrate concentration is very large
If ΔΘH = −16.628 kJ/mol, then the value of T is has the limiting value 0.02 Ms−1. At a substrate
(ln 148 = 5) concentration of 250 mg/dm3, the rate is half this
10. The mechanism of enzyme catalysed reaction is value. The value of K1/K−1 (in dm3/kg) assuming
given by Michaelis and Menten as follows. that K2<<K−1 is

Answer Keys Exercise I

Adsorption
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)

Catalysis
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (a)
ANSWER KEYS

Colloids
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (b)
51. (d) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (d) 56. (b) 57. (b) 58. (a) 59. (b) 60. (d)
61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (b) 65. (b) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (d) 69. (a) 70. (d)
71. (a) 72. (c) 73. (b) 74. (a) 75. (a) 76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (b) 79. (d) 80. (c)

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 12.20 Chapter 12

Answer Keys Exercise II

Section A (Only one Correct)
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (b)

Section B (One or More than one Correct)

1. (a), (b), (c) 2. (a), (b), (c), (d) 3. (a), (c) 4. (c)
5. (a), (d) 6. (a), (b), (d) 7. (a), (b), (c), (d) 8. (a), (b), (c)
9. (a), (c) 10. (b), (d) 11. (a), (b), (c) 12. (a), (c), (d)
13. (c), (d) 14. (a), (b), (c), (d) 15. (b), (c) 16. (a), (c)
17. (d) 18. (a), (b), (c) 19. (a), (b), (c) 20. (c), (d)
21. (c) 22. (a), (b), (d) 23. (a), (c) 24. (a), (d)
25. (c)

Section C
Comprehension I

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) Comprehension V

Comprehension II 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a)

4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (a) Comprehension VI

Comprehension III 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b)

7. (b) 8. (c) Comprehension VII

Comprehension IV 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (a)

9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (c)

Section D (Assertion – Reason)

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)

Section E (Column Match)

1. A → Q, U; B → P, W; C → P, V; D → R, X
2. A → R; B → S; C → P; D → Q
3. A → Q; B → P; C → Q, R; D → P, S
4. A → Q; B → S; C → P; D → R

Section F (Subjective)
Single-digit Integer Type
ANSWER KEYS

1. (4) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (6) 5. (6)

6. (5) 7. (2) 8. (9) 9. (2) 10. (9)
Four-digit Integer Type

1. (0600) 2. (0020) 3. (0015) 4. (0014) 5. (0010)

6. (0025) 7. (0091) 8. (0720) 9. (0400) 10. (4000)
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 Surface Chemistry 12.21

HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

EXERCISE I (JEE MAIN)

Adsorption

1. Gaseous mixtures are homogeneous and hence, 12. Theory based

there is no interface.
13. Greater the polarity or polarizability, greater will
2. Solute of ink gets adsorbed but solvent gets be the extent of adsorption. Hence, H2 < CH4 <
absorbed in chalk. CO2 < NH3.

3. Physisorption is favourable at low temperature. 14. Chemisorption increases with increase in

temperature, but not linearly.
4. M (s) + X ( g ) → M − X (s) x
15. = k ⋅ p1/ n
Rate of forward reaction: r ∝ PX ( g ) m
x 1
5. Theory based or, log = log K + ⋅ log P
m n
6. Chemisorption increases with increase in 1
⇒ Slope =
temperature. n
7. For physisorption, activation energy is not needed. 16. Physisorption decreases or increasing temp.

8. Gases having higher critical temperature have 17. ΔH Physisorption = −( 20 − 40 )KJ/mol

greater intermolecular forces.
18. van der Waal type weak intermolecular forces only.
9. Either van der Waal type forces or chemical bonds.
19. Chemisorption is monolayer.
10. Chemisorption is irreversible.
20. Rate increases with increase in temperature. but
11. Physisorption decreases on increasing temperature. the extent of adsorption decreases.

Catalysis

HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

Pt(s)
21. 2SO2 ( g ) + O2 ( g )  2SO2 ( g ) (Contact 26. Fe is the catalyst and Mo is the promotor.
process)
27. Informative
22. Negative catalyst = Inhibitor
28. Informative
23. Greater the free valency, greater will be the
involvement of catalyst. 29. Informative

24. Transition metals. For better catalysis, the extent 30. Informative
of adsorption should be high but the bonds
31. Theory based
formed between adsorbate and adsorbent should
not be enough stronger. 32. Theory based
25. Auto catalyst 33. Informative

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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 21 7/12/2019 10:01:12 AM
 12.22 Chapter 12

34. Theory based 37. Informative

35. Catalyst has no effect on equilibrium constant and 38. Catalyst decreases the activation energy.
hence, equilibrium composition.
39. Theory based
36. Catalyst does not change the reactants and products
and hence, no change in ΔrH, ΔrS, ΔrG, etc. 40. Informative

Colloids

41. Butter is a colloidal system in which water is 61. For negative charge on colloidal particles.
dispersed in liquid or sold fat. [Ag+] < [I–]

42. Theory based 62. Definition of crystalloids.

43. Informative 63. 1 to 1000 nm

44. Theory based 64. Definition of gel

45. FeCl3 coagulates blood. 65. Definition of emulsion

46. Blood is negatively charged colloid. Haemoglobin 66. Definition of peptisation

is positively charged
67. Informative
47. Smaller the gold number, greater is the protective
power of lyophilic colloid. 68. Metal oxide and hydroxides are positively charged
colloid.
48. Gold number = 0.0025 × 1000 = 2.5
69. Informative
49. Colloidal solutions show lower value of any of the
colligative property. 70. Informative

50. Smaller the gold number, greater is the protective 71. Theory based
power of lyophilic colloid 72. NaCl, Glucose and Ba(NO3)2 forms true solution
51. Informative in water

52. Definition of electro-osmosis. 73. As Ag+ ions are in excess, they get adsorbed more
preferentially.
53. Natural colloids are mostly negatively charged.
74. Metal sulphides are water insoluble and cannot be
HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

54. Definition of zeta potential. lyophilic.

55. Informative 75. Sugar in water is true solution.

3+
56. Fe is common ion. 76. Theory based

57. Theory based 77. Larger the size of molecule, smaller is the CMC
value.
58. Informative
78. Informative
59. Charge on colloidal particles may be determined
experimentally by electrophoresis or electro- 79. Protective action
osmosis.
80. Theory based
60. Ferric hydroxide sol is positively charged and
anion should carry higher charge.
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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 22 7/12/2019 10:01:12 AM
 Surface Chemistry 12.23

EXERCISE II (JEE ADVANCED)

Section A (Only one Correct)

1. Greater the specific surface area of adsorbent, 7. r1 < r2 ⇒ A is the catalyst.

greater will be the extent of adsorption.
r3 < r1 ⇒ B is the catalyst.
2. Adsorption decreases the surface energy.
1 r1 = r4 = r5 ⇒ C and D are not catalysts..
x x 1
3. = K .P n ⇒ log = log K + ⋅ log P r1 < r7 < r2 ⇒ D is catalytic poison.
m m n
r1 < r2 < r6 ⇒ C is catalytic prom
motor.
From question, log K = 0.3010 = log2 ⇒ K =2
1 8. A catalyst always involve in the reaction.
And = tan 45° = 1 ⇒ n = 1
n 9. Enzymes are specific.
x
∴ = 2 × P = 2 × 0.2 = 0.4 10. A catalyst does not initiate the reaction.
m
11. Theory based
4. K = A.e − Ea / RT
12. Catalyst does not alter the equilibrium position.
K 2 Ea ⎛ 1 1⎞
∴ ln = − 13. Homogeneous catalysis, because the physical states
K1 R ⎜⎝ T1 T2 ⎟⎠ of both reactant and catalyst is aqueous (liquid).
Ea ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
or, ln 10 = ⎜ − ⎟ ⇒ Ea = 6900 cal/mol 14. Activation energy is decreased.
R ⎝ 600 1000 ⎠
15. Catalyst lowers the activation energy.
5. For a particular combination of adsorbent,
adsorbate and temperature, only one value of ‘n’ 16. Catalysis occurs through chemisorption.
is permissible.
1
17. Viscosity is higher and surface tension is smaller
x than water.
6. = K ⋅Pn
m
1 18. K, as it reacts vigorously in water.
⇒ 0.2 = K × (4) n (1) 19. SnCl4 formed by reaction will adsorb some

HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

1 common Cl– ions.
0.5 = K × ( 25 ) n (2)
20. Informative
1
0.8 = K × (64 ) n (3) 21. True solution or suspension does not show Tyndall
effect.
1
From (1), (2) and (3), K = and n = 2 22. Blood, clay and smoke are negative sol. In strong
10
1
acidic solution, gelatin adsorbs some H+ ions and
⎛ x⎞ become positive.
∴ ⎜ ⎟ = K × (36 ) n = 0.6
⎝ m ⎠ required
23. Theory
Hence, moles of N2 adsorbed per gm of iron
0.6 3 24. Informative
= =
28 140 25. Informative

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 12.24 Chapter 12

27. Larger the carbon chain, normally smaller is

1.9 × 10 −4
26. Volume of metal used = = 10 −5 cm3 CMC.
19
28. Sulphide sol have negative charge on colloidal
4 particles
∴ N × × (10 × 10 −7 cm )3 = 10 −5 cm3
3
29. Adsorption is physisorption.
⇒ N = 2.39 × 1012
30. Theory based
Hence, number of particles per cm3
2.39 × 1012
= = 2.39 × 109
1000

Section B (One or More than one Correct)

1. Entropy decreased in adsorption. 15. Electrophoresis and electro-osmosis are the

experimental methods to determine charge on
2. Theory based
colloidal particles.
3. Theory based
16. Informative
4. ΔH can never be equal to ΔS.
17. Below CMC, the solution is true solution.
5. (a) Chemisorption does not change into
physisorption at higher pressure. 18. PO34− > SO24 − > Cl −
(b) CO or CO2 gases leave the surfaces. ⇒ Sol particles are positively charged.
6. Theory based 19. RCOONa  RCOO − + Na +
7. Informative As true solution, one mole of RCOONa will
8. In Lindlar’s catalyst, catalytic poison is used become two moles in solution. But, as micelle
formation starts, the total number of particles
9. Theory based start decreasing due to association.
10. All catalytic reaction is multistep reaction 20. Due to excess Ag+, sol particles will be positively
11. Informative charged.
K cat A.e Ea ′ / RT 21. (a) It is due to sharp decrease in number of ions.
12. (a) = e 20 = = e ( Ea − Ea ′ )/ RT (b) Tyndall effect is better shown by lyophobic
K uncat A.e Ea ′ / RT
colloid.
HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

Ea − Ea ′ Ea − 2 Kcal (c) Colloidal solutions have lower value of

∴ 20 = =
RT 2 colligative properties.
× 300
1000 (d) Larger the carbon chain, normally lower
⇒ Ea = 14 Kcal/mol CMC value.
(b), (c) Reaction: 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l)+O2(g) is 22. (a) Basic dye is positively charged and hence,
first order. Fe(CN)64 − > HPO32 −
(d) Rate of uncatalysed reaction increases to (c) Slope should not change in Freundlich’s
greater extent on increasing temperature because isotherm.
its activation energy is high.
23. Tyndall effect is shown by colloids.
13. Sol particles are restricted to move. Solvent
particles move in opposite direction to the 24. Theory based
expected movement of sol particles. Fe(OH)3 sol 25. Charge : Mg2+ (2 unit) > Cl– (1 unit)
is positively charged. Hence, better coagulation for negatively charged
ㅤ 14. Informative gold sol.

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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 24 7/12/2019 10:01:17 AM
 Surface Chemistry 12.25

Section C (Comprehensions)
Comprehension I

1. Polarizability is maximum in Xe. 3. Adsorption decreases on increasing temperature.

2. CO is polar and hence, more preferential adsorption.

Comprehension II

4. In case of concentrated KCl, KCl adsorbs on 5. Greater critical temperature, greater the extent of
blood charcoal surface, but in case of dilute KCl, adsorption.
blood charcoal dissolves in KCl solution.
6. Adsorption is always exothermic.

Comprehension III

7. Initial surface area, A1 = 6 × ( 2 cm )2 = 24 cm 2 8. Number of H2 molecules

8 cm3 2 × 0.112
Final volume of each cube = = × 6 × 1023 = 3 × 1021
1012 0.0821 × 546

( )
1/ 3
∴ Final side length of each cube = 8 × 1012 cm3 ∴ Specific surface area
= 2 × 10 −4 cm 3 × 1021 × 0.4 × (10 −7 cm )2
=
Hence, final surface area of each cube, 5gm
A2 = 6 × (2 × 10−4 cm)2 = 24 × 10−8 cm2 = 2.4 × 106 cm 2 /gm

Final total surface area 24 × 10 −8 × 1012

∴ = = 10 4
Initial surface area 24

Comprehension IV

⎛ x⎞ 1 x
9. log ⎜ ⎟ = log K + ⋅ log P 10. = 10 × (16 )1/ 4 = 20
⎝ m⎠

HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

n m
1 ⇒ x = 20 × 10 = 200 gm
Slope = = 0.25 ⇒ n = 4
n
810
⎛ x⎞ 11. = 10 × ( P )1/ 4
and for x-intercept, log ⎜ ⎟ = 0 1.0
⎝ m⎠
1 ⇒ P = 3 atm
⇒ log K = − ⋅ log P
n
1
= − × ( −4 ) = 1.0
4
∴ K = 10

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M12 Advanced Problems in Physical Chemistry xxxx 01.indd 25 7/12/2019 10:01:19 AM
 12.28 Chapter 12

1/ 3 7. Moles of gas adsorbed per gm of charcoal

⎛m 3 ⎞
3. The radius of hydrogen molecule = ⎜ × ⎟ (700 − 400 ) × 1.52
⎝ d 4π ⎠ =
1/ 3 760 × R × 300 × 6
⎛ ⎞
⎜ 2 3 ⎟ Volume of gas adsorbed per gm of charcoal
=⎜ × = 2.5 × 10 −8 cm
23 0.16 4π ⎟ (at 0°C and 1 atm) =
300 × 1.52
×
R × 273
⎜ 6 × 10 × ⎟ 760 × R × 300 × 6
⎝ π ⎠ 1
Number of hydrogen molecules at the surface = 0.091 litre
per gm Cu
8. Specific surface area of silica gel
224 / π 6 × 1023 2.4 × 1020
= × = 168
22400 25 π = × 6 × 1023 × 0.16 × (10 −9 )2 = 720 m 2 /gm
22400
∴ Specific surface area of Cu
2.4 × 1020 P1 Δθ H ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= × π × (2.5 × 10 ) 2
−8 9. ln = ⎜ − ⎟
π P2 R ⎝ T1 T1 ⎠
= 150000 cm 2 /gm = 15 m 2 /gm 0.4 −16.628 × 103 ⎛ 1 1⎞
or, ln = ⎜⎝ − ⎟
1 59.2 8.314 200 T ⎠
4. tav =
k ⇒ T = 400 K
k2 t E ⎛1 1⎞ K1K 2 [ E0 ][S ] K K [ E ][S ]
Now, ln = ln 1 = a = ⎜ − ⎟ 10. r=  1 2 0
k1 t2 R ⎝ T1 T2 ⎠ K −1 + K 2 + K1 [S ] K −1 + K1 [S ]
0.36 Ea ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ For rmax, K1 [S ]  K −1
or, ln = ⎜ − ⎟
0.72 R ⎝ 2500 2000 ⎠
K1K 2 [ E0 ][S ]
⇒ Ea = 14000 cal/mol ∴ rmax = = K 2 [ E0 ] = 0.02 M
K1 [S ]
(t1/ 2 )Fe 3
K charcoal A.e −20 ×10 / 2 × 600 1 From question,
5. = = = 10
(t1/ 2 )charcoal K Fe A.e −8 ×103 / 2 × 600 e K 2 [ E0 ] K1K 2 [ E0 ][S ]
=
2 K −1 + K1 [S ]
6. Number of adsorbate molecules
⇒ K −1 + K1 [S ] = 2 K1 [S ]
−3
0.10 × 10
= 3
× 6 × 1023 = 2.4 × 107 K1 1 1 dm3 dm3
0.25 × 10 ∴ = = = = 4000
K −1 [S ] mg 250 × 10 −6 kg kg
HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

0.06 250
∴ Effective surface area = = 25 ×10 −20 m 2 dm 3
2.4 × 1017

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