MC-FT-BCHN222.
1-1
Requirements for this paper/Benodighede vir hierdie vraestel: Resources/Hulpmiddels:
Answer Scripts/ Multi-choice cards (A4)/
Antwoordskrifte: X Multikeusekaarte (A4)
Attendance Slips (Fill-in Paper)/ Graph Paper/
Presensiestrokies (Invulvraestel): GrafiekPapier
Scrap Paper/ Calculators/
Rofwerkpapier Sakrekenaars
Multi-choice cards (A5)/ Laptop (Power not provided)/
Multikeusekaarte (A5) Skootrekenaar (Krag word nie voorsien nie)
Type of Assessment/ Duration/ 3 Hrs 00 Min
Tipe Assessering:
Exam Opportunity:1 Tydsduur:
Paper Number/ Maximum Marks/ 100
1
Vraestel Nommer: Maksimum Punte:
Module Code/ Module Description/
BCHN222 METABOLISM A
Modulekode: Module Beskrywing:
Examiner(s)/ Prof Zander Lindeque-PC;Prof Du Toit Date/
Eksaminator(e): Loots-PC;Prof Emmanuel Mukwevho- 2022/11/03
Datum:
MC;
Time/
Tyd: 09:00
Internal/Interne
Prof Lardus Erasmus-PC;
Moderator(s): Qualification/
Kwalifikasie: B.Sc.
External Moderator(s)/
Eksterne Moderator(s):
Submission of answer scripts/Inhandiging van antwoordskrifte: ORDINARY
Question 1 [10]
Define the following terms
1.1 Anabolism (3)
1.2 Catabolism (3)
1.3 Coenzymes and cofactors (2)
1.4 Enzymes (2)
Question 2 [35]
2.1 Glycolysis is central to carbohydrate metabolism and is an integrated part of other
carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Provide a metabolic map of the first phase of glycolysis
to show how it integrates with glycogen metabolism, fructose - and galactose catabolism in
the liver. Include the four important kinases. (15)
2.2 Explain how gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are regulated to maintain blood glucose
levels during fasting. (4)
2.3 Pyruvate can enter the TCA cycle via two enzymatic reactions, where it is further oxidized
to produce reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2). Provide a simplified schematic
presentation of the TCA cycle to show this and indicate how the two mentioned reactions
are regulated. (16)
Question 3 [28]
3.1 Provide a simplified metabolic map of mitochondrial β-oxidation to show how fatty acids
can generate energy (via reduced coenzymes). Include activation, mitochondrial
transportation, and relevant enzyme names. (You can simply provide intermediate names
or appropriate abbreviations). (15)
3.2 Provide a simplified schematic presentation of oxidative phosphorylation to show how
energy is produced from NADH and FADH 2 with the help of the proton motive force
(generated by the electron transport chain). Clearly indicate the location and direction of
electron and proton flow. (8)
3.3 Please answer only one of the following questions. (5)
BCHN222: Paper 1 | Exam 1st opp | Full-time 1/2
Option A
Uneven chain fatty acids (like heptanoic acid) are used to treat defects in fatty acid oxidation
because it not only support ketogenesis but also counter hypoglycemia. Explain the
metabolism. (You are welcome to draw a metabolic map to complement your answer).
Option B
Since hepatic oxaloacetate is used by gluconeogenesis during fasting conditions, acetyl-
CoA is shunted to ketogenesis. Show this process of ketogenesis by providing a metabolic
map.
Question 4 [19]
4.1 Give detailed description of the digestion of proteins and absorption of amino acids in the
digestive system. (6)
4.2 Describe (or show with the help of a figure) the process of transamination in the muscle,
transport of ammonia to the liver and production of urea. In other words, the transfer and
transport of ammonia from amino acids in the muscle to urea in the liver. Remember to
indicate relevant cell compartments. (9)
4.3 De novo synthesis of nucleotides is an energy intensive process and therefore not always
the primary source of nucleotides. Explain what is meant by this statement and how the
process is regulated (specifically for purines). (4)
Question 5 [8]
5.1 Provide a simplified schematic presentation of (non-cyclic) photophosphorylation. Clearly
indicate the location and direction of electron and proton flow as well as organelle
compartments. (You can also draw the Z-scheme but then you have to include ADP
phosphorylation). (8)
TOTAL: 100
File reference: 8.1.7.2.2
BCHN222: Paper 1 | Exam 1st opp | Full-time 2/2
