CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter discussed about the statistical results of the study in the
forms of description and table. The finding of the research from questionnaire
and documentation.
A. Presentation of Data
In order to obtain the data, the researcher provides a questionnaire
about students’ attitudes for students in learning English. The researcher
took 26 students as a sample. Next, the researcher obtains the students’
English scores about what they have learned from the teacher. After that,
the researcher correlates it by applying the Pearson product-moment
formula.
1. The Result of Validity and Reliability Test
Before used to obtain the data, the instrument must test the
validity and reliability first in order to obtain valid and reliable results.
a. Validity
The measure of questionnaires validity uses correlation
product-moment by SPSS 16. The correlation obtained then compared
to the rtable to find out if the correlation value obtained valid or not.
The numbers of sample use in this study are 26 people with a level of
30
31
significance 5%, and then the value of rtable used is 0,374. The
question item is said to be valid if it is obtained the value of Pearson
correlation more high or same with rtable. The results of the
questionnaire analysis can be seen on the table below:
Table 4.1
The Result of Validity Test
From the table above it was obtained that from 15
questionnaire items, there are 12 valid questionnaires and 3 invalid
questionnaires they are item 4, 8, and 14. The invalid questionnaire
said to be invalid because the value of Pearson correlation lower than
32
the value of rtable. In this case, the researcher only uses the valid
questionnaire to obtain the data. While, invalid questionnaire are drop
out.1
b. Reliability
The reliability test was carried out after the item questionnaire
was said to be valid. The reliability test of questionnaire using
Cronbach Alpha by SPSS 16 to measure the questionnaire is reliable
or not. The result of reliability can be seen on the table below:
Table 4.2
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach’s
N of Items
Alpha
.833 12
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Scale Mean if Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
X1 30.31 13.742 .402 .829
X2 30.65 14.155 .397 .828
X3 30.42 13.454 .651 .811
X4 30.81 12.962 .538 .817
1
Sahid Raharjo, “Cara Mengatasi Soal Angket yang Tidak Valid,” Konsistensi, diakses dari
https://www.konsistensi.com/2014/03/mengatasi-angkettidak-valid.html, on 15 January 2021 at
7.27 P.M.
33
X5 30.54 12.978 .682 .806
X6 30.54 13.058 .494 .822
X7 30.23 12.985 .589 .813
X8 30.27 13.725 .675 .812
X9 30.35 13.755 .373 .832
X10 30.77 13.705 .426 .826
X11 31.04 14.118 .322 .835
X12 30.04 13.958 .542 .819
Criteria:2
If α > 0,90 : Perfect Reliability
If α between 0,70 – 0,90 : High Reliability
If α between 0,50 – 0,70 : Moderate Reliability
If α < 0,50 : Low Reliability
Based on the calculation of the reliability test for the
questionnaire using Cronbach’ Alpha formula, the Cronbach’ Alpha
was obtained 0,833. It means that the value of α in high reliability,
where α in level 0,70 – 0,90.
2. The Result of Questionnaire Data
The questionnaire used by the researcher to collect the data
related with independent variable (students’ attitudes) at eleventh
grade of SMA 2 Sampang. The questionnaire was spread to the
2
Amir Hamzah, Penelitian Berbasis Proyek: Metode Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R &D (Malang:
Literasi Nusantara, 2019), 104.
34
respondents and was carried out only once on 26th November 2020 at
08.30 until 09.30.
The questionnaire consists of 4 answer choices, namely
strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree.
Table 4.3
Specification of Instrument
No. Positive Statements Score Negative Statements Score
1. Strongly Agree 4 Strongly Disagree 1
2. Agree 3 Disagree 2
3. Disagree 2 Agree 3
4. Strongly Disagree 1 Strongly Agree 4
Table 4.4
The Students’ Attitudes Scores
Questionnaire Scores
No. Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 30
2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 32
3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 30
4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 34
5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 36
6 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 29
35
7 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 31
8 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 34
9 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 35
10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 26
11 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 34
12 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 3 33
13 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 35
14 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 30
15 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 37
16 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 33
17 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 29
18 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 34
19 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 36
20 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 39
21 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 46
22 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 33
23 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 34
24 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 29
25 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 36
26 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 30
N=
∑X=865
26
36
The table above showed that the highest score of students’
attitudes from twenty six students is 46 and the lowest score is 26.
3. The Result of Documentation
The documentation is used to obtain the data related to
variable Y (English achievements). The document is the score of the
students’ final test at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang. The
researcher obtains the document from the teacher.
Table 4.5
The Students’ English Scores
No. Students’ Name Score
1 AM 70
2 ARR 70
3 ABD 80
4 AIW 83
5 AR 87
6 ATS 72
7 AF 77
8 ANB 85
9 ES 75
10 FL 70
11 HS 85
12 IZ 82
37
13 IS 85
14 IQ 75
15 JS 80
16 KNQ 77
17 KRJS 75
18 KJ 85
19 LM 85
20 MFF 85
21 NSN 85
22 NAS 80
23 NS 83
24 QA 75
25 SA 83
26 TAF 75
Total 2064
The table above showed that the highest score of students’
English Score from twenty six students is 87 and the lowest score is
70.
4. The Statistical Analysis
After the researcher collecting the data from students’ attitudes
and students’ achievements scores. Next, the researchers will analyze
the scores both of them by using Pearson product-moment formula.
38
Table 4.6
The Questionnaire and Documentation Score
N X Y XY X2 Y2
1 30 70 2100 900 4900
2 32 70 2240 1024 4900
3 30 80 2400 900 6400
4 34 83 2882 1156 6889
5 36 87 3132 1296 7569
6 29 72 2088 841 5184
7 31 77 2387 961 5929
8 34 85 2890 1156 7225
9 35 75 2625 1225 5625
10 26 70 1820 676 4900
11 34 85 2890 1156 7225
12 33 82 2706 1089 6724
13 35 85 2975 1225 7225
14 30 75 2250 900 5625
15 37 80 2960 1369 6400
16 33 77 2541 1089 5929
17 29 75 2175 841 5625
18 34 85 2890 1156 7225
19 36 85 3060 1296 7225
20 39 85 3315 1521 7225
39
21 46 85 3910 2116 7225
22 33 80 2640 1089 6400
23 34 83 2822 1156 6889
24 29 75 2175 841 5625
25 36 83 2998 1296 6889
26 30 75 2250 900 5625
N= 26 ∑X= 865 ∑Y= ∑XY= ∑X2= ∑Y2=
2064 69121 29175 164602
( )( )
√[ ( ) ][ ( ) ]
( ) ( )( )
√[ ( ) ( ) ][ ( ) ( ) ]
√[ ][ ]
√[ ][ ]
From the data analysis above, it was known that = 0,829
40
B. Hypothesis Testing
Before determine the hypothesis, the researcher must determine the
df (degrees of freedom). The formula as follows:
df = N – nr
df= Degrees of Freedom
N= Number of Cases
Nr= Sum of Variables (In this study consists of two variable that is
students’ attitudes (X) and English Achievements (Y)
df = N – nr
=26 – 2
= 24
Based on the result of the data analysis above, it showed that is
0,829 and df is 24. Then, compare it with rtable in 5% level of significance.
The value of df= 24 in significance level 5% is 0,388. From that, the value
of is higher than rtable (0,829 > 0,388). So the null hypothesis is
rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The hypothesis stated
that there is correlation between students’ attitudes and English
achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang.
41
Table 4.7
Table of Correlation Coefficient Values “r” Product Moment
The number of varible that are correlated
df. 2
(degrees of freedom) “r” value in taraf significance:
5% 1%
1 0,997 0,1000
2 0,950 0,990
3 0,878 0,959
4 0,811 0,917
5 0,754 0,874
6 0,707 0,834
7 0,666 0,798
8 0,632 0,765
9 0,602 0,735
10 0,576 0,708
11 0,553 0,684
12 0,532 0,661
13 0,514 0,641
14 0,497 0,623
15 0,482 0,606
16 0,468 0,590
17 0,456 0,575
42
18 0,444 0,561
19 0,433 0,549
20 0,423 0,537
21 0,413 0,526
22 0,404 0,515
23 0,396 0,505
24 0,388 0,496
25 0,381 0,487
26 0,374 0,478
27 0,367 0,470
28 0,361 0,463
29 0,355 0,456
30 0,349 0,449
35 0,325 0,418
40 0,304 0,393
45 0,288 0,372
50 0,273 0,354
60 0,250 0,325
70 0,232 0,302
80 0,217 0,283
90 0,205 0,267
100 0,195 0,254
125 0,174 0,228
150 0,159 0,208
43
200 0,138 0,181
300 0,113 0,148
400 0,098 0,128
500 0,088 0,115
1000 0,062 0,081
To know how significant of students’ attitudes and English
achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang, it must be consulted
to interpretation coefficient correlation table. The table can be seen below:
Table 4.8
Table Interpretation of “r” Value Product Moment
No. The High of “r” Value Interpretation
Between 0 to 0.20 There is correlation between
variable X and variable Y, but the
1
correlation is lowest. So it
considers as nothing.
Between 0.20 to 0.40 There is low correlation between
2
variable X and variable Y.
Between 0.40 to 0.70 There is sufficient or enough
3 correlation between variable X and
Y.
Between 0.70 to 0.90 There is strong or high correlation
4
between variable X and variable Y.
44
Between 0.90 to 1.00 There is correlation between
5 variable X and variable Y with very
strong correlation.
Based on table of interpretation above, it can be seen that the value
of = 0,829 is in interval of 0,70 to 0,90, it is means that the level of
correlation is strong or high. So, there is a significance correlation between
students’ attitudes and English achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2
Sampang in high correlation.
C. Research Discussions
In this study consists of two research problem, where the first is
about is there any correlation or not between students’ attitudes and
English achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang and how the
significant is between the students’ attitudes and English achievements at
eleventh grade of SMA 2 Sampang.
Based on the data above, the result stated that there is correlation
between students’ attitudes and English achievements at eleventh grade of
SMA 2 Sampang. Where, the value of is 0,829 and the value of rtable is
0,388. Means that, the value of is higher than the value of rtable (0,829 >
0,388). When see the table of interpretation “r” product-moment, the value
of is in interval 0,70 to 0,90 and the interpretation is there is strong or
high correlation between variable X and variable Y. Therefore, the
researcher concludes that there is strong significant correlation between
45
students’ attitudes and English achievements at eleventh grade of SMA 2
Sampang.
Students and teacher are the important component in teaching
learning process; both of them have responsibility in teaching learning
process. The teacher is as a role model in the school must shown positive
attitude towards their students. The good teacher will explain the lesson
clearly and able to manage the class well in order to make the class more
conducive and of course it will make the students more interest in teaching
learning process and get the information easily. Therefore, the students
will show positive attitudes.
The students who have positive attitudes try to encourage their self
to pay attention than those who do not. Besides that, the students who have
positive attitudes will show high interest in learning English. The more
they pay attention and concentrate about the lesson and of course they able
to obtained better English achievements
