NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
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INTRODUCTION
EXAMINATION RESULTS ARE DATA THAT CAN BE STUDIED AT LENGTH
USING DIFFERENT KIND OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION KNOWN AS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
FREQUENCY POLYGON
INTRODUCTION
IF YOU ASK ENOUGH
PEOPLE ABOUT THEIR SHOE
SIZE, YOU WILL FIND THAT
YOUR GRAPHED DATA IS
SHAPED LIKE A BELL CURVE
AND CAN BE DESCRIBED
AS NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
-IS A CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OF DATA THAT
HAS THE SHAPE OF
SYMMETRICAL BELL CURVE
-ALSO CALLED GAUSIAN
DISTRIBUTION NAMED AFTER
CARL GAUSS
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
IF A WELL PREPARED TEST IS ADMINISTERED TO A CLASS OF 100
STUDENTS, THERE WILL BE A HIGH SCORES, AS WELL AS A FEW
LOW SCORES. IN REALITY, IF A DISTRIBUTION CONSISTS OF A
VERY LARGE NUMBER OF CASES AND THE THREE MEASURES OF
AVERAGES (MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE) ARE EQUAL, THEN THE
DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL AND THE SKEWNESS IS 0. IN
STATISTICS, SUCH DISTRIBUTION IS CALLED NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION OR SIMPLY NORMAL CURVE.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
1. THE DISTRIBUTION CURBE IS BELL
2. THE CURVE IS SYMMETRICAL ABOUT ITS
CENTER
3. THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND THE MODE
COINCIDE AT THE CENTER
4. THE WIDTH OF THE CURVE IS DETERMINED
STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
5. THE TAILS OF THE CURVE
FLATTEN OUT INDEFINITELY
ALONG THEN HORIZONTAL
AXIS, ALWAYS APPROACHING
THE AXIS BUT NEVER
TOUCHING IT. THAT IS, THE
CURVE IS ASYMPTOTIC AT
THE BASE LINE.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
6. THE AREA UNDER THE
CURVE REPRESENTS THE
PROBABILITY OF PROPORTION
OR THE PERCENTAGE
ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC
SETS OF MEASUREMENT
VALUES.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
The change of value of the mean shifts the graph of the normal
curve to the right or to the left.
The standard deviation determines the shape of the graphs
(particularly the height and the width of the curve). When the
standard deviation is large, the normal curve is short and wide,
while a small value for the standard deviation yields skinner
and taller graph.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
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PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
THE STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE
A STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE IS NORMAL
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION THAT HAS A
MEAN = 0 AND A
STANDARD DEVIATION = 1
EMPIRICAL RULE
EMPIRICAL RULE
THE AVERAGE IQ SCORE IS 100 WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 15.
1. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
2. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 95% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
3. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 99.7% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
EMPIRICAL RULE
THE AVERAGE GRADE OF SHS STUDENTS IN
DRECMNHS IS NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN
OF 84 AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 3.
1. WHAT AVERAGE GRADES FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE
DISTRIBUTION?
2. IF YOUR AVERAGE GRADE IS 90, HOW MANY SD
ARE YOU AWAY FROM THE MEAN?
3. WHAT PERCENT OF THE AVERAGE ARE BETWEEN 78
TO 87?
SEAT WORK
THE HEIGHT OF G11 STUDENTS ARE NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN OF 170 CM AND STANDARD
DEVIATION OF 7.5 CM.
A. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 177.5 CM.
B. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 147.5 CM.
C. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 162.5 CM.
SEAT WORK
COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW.
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
-USED TO DETERMINE THE
AREA/PERCENTAGE UNDER
CONSIDERATION IN STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
Z SCORE AREA
STEP 1: SPLIT YOUR GIVEN DECIMAL INTO TWO AFTER THE TENTHS DECIMAL PLACE. FOR EXAMPLE,
IF YOU’RE GIVEN 0.46, SPLIT THAT INTO 0.4 + 0.06.
STEP 2: LOOK UP YOUR DECIMALS FROM STEP 1 IN THE Z-TABLE. THE Z-TABLE BELOW GIVES THE
RESULT FROM LOOKING UP 0.4 IN THE LEFT COLUMN AND 0.06 IN THE TOP ROW. THE
INTERSECTION (I.E. THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE) IS .1772.
Z SCORE AREA
THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL, SO IF YOU ARE
GIVEN NEGATIVE VALUES YOU CAN JUST LOOK UP THEIR ABSOLUTE
VALUES. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ARE ASKED FOR THE AREA OF A TAIL
ON THE LEFT TO -0.96, LOOK UP THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF -0.96
(0.96).
EXERCISES
USE THE Z TABLE TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING
1. Z=.56
2. Z=1.32
3. Z=-1.05
4. Z=-2.18
5. Z=-2.58
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2.
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2
Area of probability= 0.4772
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47
Area of probability= 0.4932
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47
Area of probability= 0.4932
Sign Notation Operation
greater than, to the
subtract the area corresponds to the
right, at least, more Positive P(z>a) given from 0.5
than, above
greater than, to the
right, at least, more Negative P(z>-a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, above
less than, at most, no
more than, not greater Positive P(z<a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, to the left
less than, at most, no
subtract the area corresponds to the
more than, not greater Negative P(z<-a) given from 0.5
than, to the left
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=1.63
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area
under the standard
normal curve to
the right of z=1.63
The value that corresponds
to z=1.63 is 0.4484
0.5-0.4484=0.0516
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-0.52
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-0.52
The value that corresponds
to z=-0.52 is 0.1985
0.5+0.1985=0.6985
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-1.25
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-1.25
The value that corresponds
to z=1.25 is 0.3944
0.5+0.3944=0.8944
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95
The value that corresponds
to z=-0.95 is 0.3289
0.5-0.3289=0.1711
Sign Notation Operation
Same subtract the biggest area to
P(a<z<b)
sign the smallest area
between
a and b
Different P(a<z<-b) add the biggest area to
sign P(-a<z<b) the smallest area
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=1.03 and z=-0.37
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=1.03 and z=-0.37
The value that
corresponds to z=1.03 is
0.3485 and z=-0.37 is
0.1443
0.3485+1443=0.4928
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=0.32 and z=2.42
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=0.32 and z=2.42
The value that
corresponds to z=0.32 is
0.1255 and z=2.42 is
0.4922
0.4922-0.1255=0.3667
EXERCISES
1. Find the proportion of the area above z=-1.
2. Find the area greater than z=1.
3. Find the area to the left of z=-1.5.
4. Find the area below z=1.5.
5. Find the area between z=-2 and z=-1.5.
6. Find the area between z=0.98 and z=2.58
7. Find the area between z=-1.32 and z=2.37
ASSIGNMENT
1. above z=1.46
Identify the
2. below z=-0.58
region being 3. between z=-78 and z=-1.95
described by 4. between z=0.76 and z=2.88
5. between z=-0.92 and z=1.75
each of the 6. to the right of z=1.32
following. Shade 7. to the left of z=2.78
the region and 8. at most z=-1.5
9. at least z=1
find the area. 10. at least z=-2
ASSIGNMENT
Identify the
region being 11. P(Z<1.50)
described by 12. P(-2.34<Z<1.50)
each of the 13. P(Z>1.85)
following. Shade 14. P(0.56<Z<2.18)
the region and 15. P(Z>-1.96)
find the area.
ASSIGNMENT
Identify the
region being 16.P(Z<-2.50)
described by 17. μ=42, σ=5, X=35
each of the 18. μ=42, σ=5, X=49
following. Shade
the region and
find the area.
EXPLORING THE Z-SCORE
Z-SCORE FOR POPULATION DATA
Z-SCORE FOR SAMPLE DATA
THE AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE ARE GIVEN IN
TERMS OF Z VALUE OR SCORES. EITHER THE Z SCORE
LOCATES X WITHIN A SAMPLE OR WITHIN A POPULATION.
EXPLORING THE Z-SCORE
GIVEN THE MEAN =50 AND THE STANDARD DEVIATION = 4 OF A POPULATION
READING SCORES. FIND THE Z VALUES THAT CORRESPONDS TO A SCORE X=50.
LOCATE THE Z VALUE THAT CORRESPONDS TO A PE SCORE OF 39 GIVEN THAT
MEAN = 45 AND STANDARD DEVIATION = 6.
EXPLORING THE Z-SCORE
EXPLORING THE Z-SCORE
1. WHAT IS THE Z-SCORE OF THE PRICE OF A PAIR OF SKIS THAT COST ₱247, IF
THE MEAN SKI PRICE IS ₱279, WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF ₱16?
2. WHAT IS THE Z-SCORE OF A 5-SCOOP ICE CREAM CONE IF THE MEAN NUMBER
OF SCOOPS IS 3, WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 1 SCOOP?
3. WHAT IS THE Z-SCORE OF THE WEIGHT OF A COW THAT TIPS THE SCALES AT
825 LBS, IF THE MEAN WEIGHT FOR COWS OF HER TYPE IS 1150 LBS, WITH A
STANDARD DEVIATION OF 77 LBS?
4. What is the z-score of a measured value of 0.0034, given µ = 0.0041 and σ =
0.0008?
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
For any set of measurements (arranged in ascending or
descending order), a percentile is a point in the distribution such
that given number of cases is below it.
A percentile is a measure of relative standing. It is a descriptive
measure of the relationship of a measurement to the rest of the
data.
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
For example, in a test in Algebra, you got a score of 82 and you
want to know how fared in comparison with your classmates.
If your teacher tells you that you scored at the 90th percentile, it
means that 90% of the grades were lower lower than yours and
10% were higher.
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
The results of a nationwide
aptitude test in
mathematics are normally
distributed with µ=80 and
σ=15. What is the percentile
rank of a score of 84?
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics
are normally distributed with µ=80 and σ=15. What is the
percentile rank of a score of 84?
The percentile rank of the score 84 in a test is 60.64.
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
Having obtained a score of 85 in
a recently concluded unit test in
Science, John wanted to know
how he fared in comparison with
his classmates. His teacher told
him that he scored at the 90th
percentile.
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
Find the upper
10% of the normal
curve.
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
A score is in the 96th percentile. Where is the
score under the normal curve?
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
A farmer has a new calf on his ranch, and he
needs to weigh it for his records. The calf
weighs 46.2 kg. He consults his Angus calf
growth chart and notes that the average
weight of a newborn calf is 41.9 kg with a
standard deviation of 6.7 kg. In what percentile
is his calf's weight?
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
A farmer has a new calf on his
ranch, and he needs to weigh it for
his records. The calf weighs 46.2
kg. He consults his Angus calf
growth chart and notes that the
average weight of a newborn calf
is 41.9 kg with a standard
deviation of 6.7 kg. In what
percentile is his calf's weight?
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
Mary is taking the GRE test in order to
apply for graduate school. She wants to
have a strong chance of getting into the
school of her dreams and decides to try
and score in the 95th percentile. She does
some research and finds that the average
GRE score is 302 with a standard deviation
of 15.2. What score should she be aiming
for?
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
Mary is taking the GRE test in order to
apply for graduate school. She wants to
have a strong chance of getting into the
school of her dreams and decides to try
and score in the 95th percentile. She
does some research and finds that the
average GRE score is 302 with a standard
deviation of 15.2. What score should she
be aiming for?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Joy and Ligaya took an entrance
examination in their dream school.
Scores are normally distributed with
a mean of 120 and a standard
deviation of 10. If Joy's z-score is -1.5
and Ligaya's z-score is 1.5, what
were their scores in the
examination?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Joy
Ligaya
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
A certain light bulb company
manufactures LED lights that has
an average life span of 50,000
hours with a standard deviation
of 2,500 hours. What percent of
light bulb last at least 55,000
hours?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
A certain light bulb company manufactures LED lights that has an
average life span of 50,000 hours with a standard deviation of 2,500
hours. What percent of light bulb last at least 55,000 hours?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Assuming the normal heart rate in
normal healthy individuals is
normally distributed with mean of
70 and standard deviation of 10
bpm. Find the percentage of
individuals whose heartbeat is
below 40 bpm or above 100 bpm?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Assuming the normal heart rate in normal healthy individuals is normally
distributed with mean of 70 and standard deviation of 10 bpm. Find the
percentage of individuals whose heartbeat is below 40 bpm or above 100
bpm?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The average menstrual
cycle is 28 days with
standard deviation of 4
days. Find the probability of
women whose menstrual
cycle is between 21 nd 35
days.
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The average menstrual cycle is 28 days with standard
deviation of 4 days. Find the probability of women whose
menstrual cycle is between 21 and 35 days.
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The IQ scores of 1000 students are normally
distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 15. How many students have an IQ
which is higher than 115?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The weight of 1000 5 yr old children
are normally distributed with a mean
of 20 kg and a standard deviation of
1.5 kg. How many children have a
weight which is les than 21.5 kg?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Chaka will take the national
achievement test. Scores in NAT are
normally distributed with average of
240 and standard deviation of 32.
What must be the score of Chaka if
she aim to belong in the highest 5%?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The average of Grade 11 students in
DRECMNHS is normally distributed
with a mean of 87 and a standard
deviation of 5. Charing ranks 67th
percentile, what is her grade?
