s ± Approximations of Special Functions s18edc
NAG C Library Function Document
nag_bessel_k_nu_scaled (s18edc)
1 Purpose
nag_bessel_k_nu_scaled (s18edc) returns the value of the scaled modi®ed Bessel function ex K=4 x for
real x > 0.
2 Speci®cation
double nag_bessel_k_nu_scaled (double x, Integer nu, NagError *fail)
3 Description
This routine evaluates an approximation to the scaled modi®ed Bessel function of the second kind
ex K=4 x, where the order 3; 2; 1; 1; 2 or 3 and x is real and positive. For negative orders the
formula
K =4 x K=4 x
is used.
4 Parameters
1: x ± double Input
On entry: the argument x of the function.
Constraint: x > 0.0.
2: nu ± Integer Input
On entry: the argument of the function.
Constraint: 1 abs(nu) 3.
3: fail ± NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error parameter (see the Essential Introduction).
5 Error Indicators and Warnings
NE_REAL
On entry, x <value>.
Constraint: x > 0.0.
NE_INT
On entry, nu <value>.
Constraint: 1 abs(nu) 3.
NE_OVERFLOW_LIKELY
The evaluation has been abandoned due to the likelihood of over¯ow. The result is returned as
zero.
NW_SOME_PRECISION_LOSS
The evaluation has been completed but some precision has been lost.
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s18edc NAG C Library Manual
NE_TOTAL_PRECISION_LOSS
The evaluation has been abandoned due to total loss of precision. The result is returned as zero.
NE_TERMINATION_FAILURE
The evaluation has been abandoned due to failure to satisfy the termination condition. The result is
returned as zero.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the
call is correct then please consult NAG for assistance.
6 Further Comments
6.1 Accuracy
All constants in the underlying function are speci®ed to approximately 18 digits of precision. If t denotes
the number of digits of precision in the ¯oating-point arithmetic being used, then clearly the maximum
number of correct digits in the results obtained is limited by p min t; 18. Because of errors in argument
reduction when computing elementary function inside the underlying function, the actual number of correct
digits is limited, in general, by p s, where s max 1; jlog10 xj represents the number of digits lost due
to the argument reduction. Thus the larger the value of x, the less the precision in the result.
6.2 References
Abramowitz M and Stegun I A (1972) Handbook of Mathematical Functions Dover Publications (3rd
Edition)
7 See Also
None.
8 Example
The example program reads values of the arguments x and from a ®le, evaluates the function and prints
the results.
8.1 Program Text
/* nag_bessel_k_nu_scaled (s18edc) Example Program.
*
* Copyright 2000 Numerical Algorithms Group.
*
* NAG C Library
*
* Mark 6, 2000.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <nag.h>
#include <nag_stdlib.h>
#include <nags.h>
int main(void)
{
double x;
double y;
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s ± Approximations of Special Functions s18edc
Integer exit_status=0;
Integer nu;
NagError fail;
INIT_FAIL(fail);
Vprintf("s18edc Example Program Results\n\n");
/* Skip heading in data file */
Vscanf("%*[^\n]");
Vprintf("\n x nu y\n\n");
while (scanf("%lf %ld%*[^\n]", &x, &nu) != EOF)
{
y = s18edc (x, nu, &fail);
if (fail.code == NE_NOERROR)
Vprintf("%4.1f %6ld %12.4e\n", x, nu, y);
else
{
Vprintf("Error from s18edc.\n%s\n", fail.message);
exit_status = 1;
goto END;
}
}
END:
return exit_status;
}
8.2 Program Data
s18edc Example Program Data
3.9 -3
1.4 -2
8.2 -1
6.7 1
0.5 2
2.3 3 : Values of x and nu
8.3 Program Results
s18edc Example Program Results
x nu y
3.9 -3 6.5781e-01
1.4 -2 1.0592e+00
8.2 -1 4.3297e-01
6.7 1 4.7791e-01
0.5 2 1.7725e+00
2.3 3 8.7497e-01
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