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Complement Method
Article · November 2017
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1 | Online International Journal of Vedic Mathematics (OIJVM)
Left to Right Addition / Subtraction
of Two Numbers by using 10 Point Circle
(COMPLEMENT METHOD)
By
Vitthal B. Jadhav
Nanded, Maharashtra , India
[email protected] 23 November 2017.
Abstract
This article / paper presents quicker method for addition of two number as
well as subtracting one number from other. Ten’s complement of decimal
digits can be used to derive it, so this method is called as "Complement
Method".
Derivation of Complement Method for addition & Subtraction :
First 10 natural number are 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Keeping these 10 number
on circle after equal interval , we get 10 point circle as shown below
If we observe 10 point circle, then we can notice that
1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, 5 + 5 all these give 10. So we can call (1, 9) as 10's
complement of each other. This means 10's complement of 1 is 9 & vice versa.
Complement Method
2 | Online International Journal of Vedic Mathematics (OIJVM)
Similarly, this holds true for (2,8) , (3,7), (4, 6) (5,5). Adding number to multiple of
10, 100, 1000 etc are very simple.
Example - we can instantly declare 200 + 300 = 500
So whenever multiple numbers are added, it's better to add those number first
whose addition generate multiple of 10, 100, 1000 etc.
Example - 13 + 15 + 17 + 18 + 32
In these addition, it is better to add 13 & 17 first that gives us 30
Similarly, afterward it is easy to add 18 & 32 that give us 50
So result is 13 + 15 + 17 + 18 + 32 = (13+17)+ (18+32) + 15 = 30 + 50 + 15 = 95
That means two number ending with ‘1 & 9’ , ‘2 & 8’ , ‘3 & 7’ , ‘4 & 6’, ‘5 & 5’
should be added first. Previously we have seen, (1, 9) , (2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6), (5, 5) all
these five pair special one. In each pair one number is 10's complement of other
(like 1 is 10's complement of 9 & vice versa). Let us observe few more fact.
Question : In addition (Say in adding two 3- figure number 123 + 45*), what is the
least digit (*) when added to 3 that generates carry.
=> 3+ 1 =4, 3+2 = 5, 3 +3 = 6, …., 3 + 5 =8, 3 + 6 =9,
3 +7 = 10 3 + 8 = 11, 3 + 9 = 12
From above it's clear that carry is generated when digit added to 3 is
greater than or equal to 7 (10's complement of 3).
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
+ 4 5 7 + 4 5 8 + 4 5 9
----------- ----------- -----------
5 7 (10) 5 7 (11) 5 7 (12)
= 5 8 0 = 5 8 1 = 5 8 2
Thus if one digit is 3, then 3 + 7, 3 + 8, 3 + 9 in these in 3 cases carry is generated.
Similarly,
if one digit is 4, then 4 +6, 4 + 7, 4 + 8, 4 + 9 in these 4 cases carry is generated.
....
Complement Method
3 | Online International Journal of Vedic Mathematics (OIJVM)
....
Similarly,
if digit is 9 , then in all 9 cases (i.e. 1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 +7,....9 + 9) carry is generated.
We use all these fact to predict whether carry is generated or not. This enable us
to develop method to add two number from left to right within no time. Let's see
it by one example.
Example - 1
23456 + 3 45735 = ?
=>
123456
+ 345735
-----------------
Here we are going to add from left to right. So, first we need to add 1 & 3.
Before that we just look at 2
& 4 . Two (2) generates carry only when added to 8
or
bigger digit than it. So addition of 2 & 4 does not generate carry.
Therefore, we simply add 1 to the 3 & write down result as below
123456
+ 345735
-----------------
4
Next pair to add is (2
, 4) which give 6. Before putting it down -
we look at next pair ( 3 , 5
). It also doesn’t generate carry
since 5
is less than 7
(number corresponding to 3 on ‘10 point circle’. )
Thus we can put down result as follow
123456
+ 345735
-----------------
4 6
Now ( 3 , 5
) upon addition give 8 , but looking at next pair ( 4, 7) we can instantly
tell that it generates carry. So instead of putting down 8 in result, we increase it by
1 (i.e. 8 + carry 1 = 9) & write down in result
123456
+ 345735
-----------------
469
Complement Method
4 | Online International Journal of Vedic Mathematics (OIJVM)
Now adding next pair of digit ( 4 , 7) we get 1 1. Eleven ( 11) ends with 1 . As we
had already added carry to left part, so we simply discard carry part in 11 &
remember only 1 .
(Note that for faster addition, one should immediately able to tell last digit of
addition of two digit mentally, Example. 4 + 7 = ..1 , 8 + 7 =...5 , 9 + 2 = ...1,
3 + 4 = ..7 so on)
Next pair (5 , 3 ) doesn’t generate carry.
Therefore, without adding anything in 1 we put down 1 i n result part.
123456
+ 345735
-----------------
4691
Next pair to add ( 5 , 3
). Addition of 5 & 3
is 8, but next pair
(6 , 5
) generates carry since
5
> (corresponding number of 6 on ‘10 point circle’ i.e. 4 )
So we have to put down 8 + 1 = 9.
123456
+ 345735
-----------------
46919
Next pair to add ( 6 , 5
). 6 + 5
= 11
. We already added carry, so discard all ten’s
from 11
. T
his give us 1. There is no pair to add next. All digit in both number are
finished. So put down 1.
123456
+ 345735
-----------------
469191
Therefore, 1
23456 + 3
45735 = 4
69191
We derived this method by using 10 point circle, therefore we call this addition
method as "10 Point Circle Method " or "Complement Method ".
Complement Method
5 | Online International Journal of Vedic Mathematics (OIJVM)
Analogous method for subtraction can be easily derived since subtraction can
be converted into addition.
Example :- 14593 - 6873 is equivalent to 14593 + (- 6873). Let us understand
“Complement Method” for subtracting one number from other.
Example - 14597 − 0 6853 = ?
=>
1 4597
− 0 6853
--------------
First subtracting 0 f rom 1, we get 1. Before putting down 1, we look at next pair
(4,6
). In this pair second digit is greater than first, so we have to reduce the
current digit subtraction (i.e. 1 here) by 1. i.e. 1 -1 = 0 . Put it down as follow.
1 4597
− 0 6853
--------------
0
In next pair (4 ,6) , difference between digit is (2 ) .
Second digit (6) is greater than first digit (4 ).
So we think of corresponding number on ‘10 point circle’
to the difference between digit (2) . This give us 8.
Now next pair is (5,8 ) again second digit is greater than first, so we reduce 8
by 1
& put it (i.e. 7
) down in result.
1 4597
− 0 6853
--------------
0
Similarly, proceeding ahead we get final result as below.
1 4597
− 0 6853
--------------
0 7344
Complement Method
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6 | Online International Journal of Vedic Mathematics (OIJVM)
We call this method as "Complement subtraction Method" as complement
concepts are used to simplify & speed up the subtraction
Conclusion
In daily life, we read, write number from left to write - so it will be better way, if
we can add or subtract numbers from left to right. 10 point circle / 10
complement is very useful concept. We can use it to boost speed of addition,
subtraction. Similarly, these concepts are also used to simplify multiplication &
division.
Reference
1. Tirthaji B.K. (1965) "Vedic Mathematics", Motilal Banarsidass Publisher, Delhi, India.
2. Kenneth R. William (2002), "Vedic Mathematics Teacher's Manual - Elementary Level."
Inspiration Books.
3. Vitthal B. Jadhav (2013), "Modern Approach to Speed Math Secret: Key to Master
Speed Math".
4. Vitthal B. Jadhav (2017), "Power of Modern Mathematics".
Complement Method
