Loading cargo onto a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessel Gaslog Glaveston
involves a carefully orchestrated process to ensure safety, efficiency, and proper handling of the
highly volatile cargo. Here's a step-by-step description of a typical loading operation:
1. Preparation and Planning: Before the loading process begins, the vessel's crew and terminal
operators conduct thorough safety checks and briefings. This includes reviewing the loading
procedures, safety protocols, and emergency response plans.
2. Approach and Berthing: The LNG carrier approaches the loading terminal under the
guidance of tugboats and terminal personnel. Once positioned correctly, the vessel is
securely moored to the terminal using ropes and mooring lines.
3. Connection to Loading Arm: A loading arm, typically located on the terminal's jetty, is
connected to the LNG carrier's manifold. This arm serves as the conduit through which LNG
is transferred from the terminal's storage tanks to the vessel's tanks.
4. Tank Inspection and Preparation: Prior to loading, the vessel's cargo tanks are inspected to
ensure they are in optimal condition and free of contaminants. Any necessary maintenance
or repairs are conducted at this stage.
5. Cool Down: If the cargo tanks are not already at the required temperature, the vessel's
onboard reliquefaction system or shore-based equipment is used to cool them down to the
appropriate temperature for LNG loading, typically around -160°C (-260°F).
6. Start of Loading: Once all safety checks are completed and both the terminal and vessel are
ready, the loading process begins. LNG flows from the terminal's storage tanks through the
loading arm into the vessel's cargo tanks. The flow rate is carefully controlled to prevent
overfilling and maintain the vessel's stability.
7. Monitoring and Control: Throughout the loading process, the vessel's crew and terminal
operators continuously monitor various parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow
rate. Automated systems and manual inspections ensure that the cargo is transferred safely
and efficiently.
8. Ballasting: To maintain stability as the cargo is loaded, the vessel may adjust its ballast by
pumping seawater into or out of dedicated ballast tanks. This helps counterbalance the
weight of the LNG and prevents the vessel from listing or becoming unstable.
9. Completion and Disconnection: Once the desired cargo quantity is loaded or the vessel's
tanks reach their capacity, the loading process is stopped, and the loading arm is
disconnected from the vessel's manifold. All valves are closed and secured to prevent leaks
or spills.
10. Post-Loading Procedures: After disconnection, final safety checks are conducted, and the
vessel is cleared to depart the terminal. The crew may conduct additional inspections and
paperwork to ensure compliance with regulations and safety standards.
Throughout the entire loading operation, safety remains the top priority, with strict adherence to
procedures and protocols designed to mitigate the risks associated with handling LNG. Collaboration
between the vessel's crew and terminal operators is crucial to ensure smooth and safe cargo
transfer operations.
