48 CHEMHACK

5.4 GROUP 16 ELEMENTS

TRENDS AND PROPERTIES

1. Group 16 is called pnictogens/chalcogens.

2. “Chalcogen” is derived from _____ which point out association of S with Cu.
3. Most abundant element on earth is -
4. Epsom salt formula -
5. Baryte formula -
6. ZnS is called - (JEE)
7. Copper pyrites formula -
8. Polonium occur as decay product of ____ and ____ minerals.
9. Covalent radius trend - Diga Q 1. Identify the structure
10. Ionic radius trend -
11. Electron gain enthalpy trend - A
12. I.E. trend - B
13. Electronegativity trend -
14. Density trend -
15. M.P trend -
16. B.P trend -
17. Metalloids in Group 16 are -
18. All elements of group 16 exhibit allotropy. T/F
19. Why there is a large difference between M.P and B.P of O and S ?
20. In OF₂, oxidation state of O is -
21. M.P order of hydrides -
22. B.P order of hydrides - (JEE)
Diga Q 2. Identify
23. All hydrides except _____ possess reducing properties.
the structure
24. H₂Te is the most reducing hydrides among all. T/F
25. Most acidic hydride in grp 16 is - (NEET 2021)
A
26. SeO₂ is solid/gas.
27. SO₂ is reducing/oxidising. B
28. TeO₂ is reducing/oxidising.
29. The stability of halides in grp 16 decrease in order -
30. TeF₄ geometry is -
31. Tell the physical states of SF₄, SeF₄ and TeF₄.
32. All elements except ____ form dichlorides and dibromides.

ANSWERS 1
THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS 49

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS
DIOXYGEN
33. KClO₃ on heating in presence of _____ gives O₂. (NEET) Diga Q 3. Identify the structure
34. Catalyst to decompose H₂O₂ is - of this oxoacid of sulphur.
35. 3 ways to obtain O₂ in laboratory -
36. Industrially, O₂ is obtained by - (NEET)
37. O₂ liquefy at ____ K and freeze at ____ K.
38. Stable isotopes of O₂ are -
39. O₂ do not combine with metals - (2)
→
40. SO₂ + O₂ SO₃. Catalyst in this rxn is - (JEE)
→
41. HCl + O₂ Cl₂ + H₂O. Catalyst is this rxn is - (JEE)
42. O₂ is used in ________ welding.
43. Combustion of ______ in liquid O₂ provides tremendous thrust in rockets.
SIMPLE OXIDES & OZONE
44. Ex. Metal oxides having acidic character - (3) (NEET)
45. Ex. of neutral oxides - (3) (NEET)
46. How to prepare O₃?
47. Pure ozone is _____ coloured gas, ______ coloured liquid and _______ coloured solid.
48. PbS + O₃→
49. I⁻ + O₃→
50. How to quantitatively estimate O₃ gas?
51. _____ are used in aerosol sprays and as refrigerants that may be depleting ozone.
52. In O₃, O-O bond length is _____ and bond angle is _____
53. O₃ is used as a germicide. T/F
54. O₃ acts as an oxidising agent in the manufacture of
SULPHUR - ALLOTROPIC FORMS
55. Name the 2 most important allotropes of S and their crystal systems. Diga Q 4. Identify the structure
56. At room temp., _________ is stable. (JEE) of this oxoacid of sulphur.
57. Rhombic transforms into monoclinic when heated above _____ K.
58. Colour of rhombic sulphur is -
59. How to make rhombic sulphur?
60. α-sulphur is soluble in water. T/F
61. α-sulphur is readily soluble in -

ANSWERS 1 ANSWERS 2
50 CHEMHACK
62. M.P of rhombic sulphur -
63. M.P of monoclinic sulphur - Diga Q 5. Identify the structure of
64. Monoclinic sulphur is insoluble in CS₂. T/F this oxoacid of sulphur.
65. At ____K, both α and β-sulphur are stable. (JEE 2021)
66. Both α and β-sulphur have ___ molecules.
67. The S₈ ring in both the form has _____ shape.
68. At elevated temp, sulphur exist in ____ form. (JEE)
69. S₂ is diamagnetic/paramagnetic. (JEE 2021)
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
70. In lab, SO₂ is produced by -
71. Industrially, SO₂ is produced -
72. SO₂ have pungent smell. T/F
73. NaOH + SO₂ →
74. Na₂SO₃ + SO₂ + H₂O →
75. In its reaction with water and alkalies, the behaviour of SO₂ is very similar to that of ____
76. SO₂Cl₂ name is -
77. SO₂ + Cl₂, in the presence of charcoal gives -
78. SO₂ is oxidised to SO₃ in the presence of _____ catalyst.
79. Fe²⁺ + SO₂ →
80. SO₂ + MnO⁴⁻ →
81. Liquid SO₂ dissolves a number of organic and inorganic chemicals. T/F
82. ____ is used as an anti-chlor, disinfectant and preservative.
SULPHURIC ACID
83. Sulphuric acid is manufactured by the ______ process. (NEET) (JEE 2021)
84. Oleum formula is - (NEET)
Diga Q 6. Identify the structure of
85. Contact process steps - (3)
this oxoacid of sulphur.
86. Key step in the manufacture of H₂SO₄ is -
87. In contact process, temp. and pressure are -
88. H₂SO₄ obtained by the contact process is only 50% pure. T/F
89. H₂SO₄ is an oily liquid. T/F
90. Conc. H₂SO₄ is a strong hydrating agent. T/F
91. C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂SO₄ →

ANSWERS 2
THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS 51

92. Arrange H₃PO₄, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄ in order of oxidising power.

93. Cu + H₂SO₄ (conc.)→
94. S + H₂SO₄ (conc.) →
95. H₂SO₄ is used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose products. T/F

ANSWERS 2
52 CHEMHACK

ANSWERS
TRENDS AND PROPERTIES 28. Oxidising
1. Chalcogens 29. F⁻ > Cl⁻ > Br⁻ > I⁻
2. Brass 30. See-saw geometry
3. O 31. SF₄ - gas, SeF₄ - liquid, TeF₄ - solid
4. MgSO₄.7H₂O 32. O
5. BaSO₄ DIOXYGEN
6. Zinc blende 33. MnO₂
7. CuFeS₂ 34. Finely divided metals and MnO₂
8. Th, U 35. I. Heating KClO₃ in presence of MnO₂
9. O < S < Se < Te < Po II. Thermal decomposition of oxides of metal
10. O < S < Se < Te < Po III. H₂O₂ decomposition
11. S > Se > Te > Po > O {Order is according to 36. Air
magnitude} 37. 90 K, 55 K
12. O > S > Se > Te > Po 38. 16O, 17O, 18O
13. O > S > Se > Te > Po 39. Au, Pt
14. O < S < Se < Te 40. V₂O₅
15. O < S < Se < Te < Po 41. CuCl₂
16. O < S < Se < Te < Po 42. Oxyacetylene
17. Se, Te 43. Hydrazines
18. T SIMPLE OXIDES AND OZONE
19. Because O exist as O₂, S exist as S₈. As 44. Mn₂O₇, CrO₃, V₂O₅
atomicity of O is less, Molecular mass is too 45. CO, NO, N₂O
less, hence such major difference 46. Bypassing slow dry dream of O₂ through a
20. +2 silent electrical discharge
21. H₂O > H₂Te > H₂Se > H₂S 47. Pale blue, dark blue, violet-black
22. H₂O > H₂Te > H₂Se > H₂S 48. PbSO₄ + O₂
23. H₂O 49. I₂ + O₂ + OH⁻
24. T 50. When O₃ reacts with an excess of KI solution
25. H₂Te buffered with a borate buffer (pH 9.2), I₂ is
26. Solid liberated which can be titrated against a standard
27. Reducing solution of Na₂S₂O₃. (sodium thiosulphate)

QUESTIONS 1 QUESTIONS 2
THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS 53
51. Freons SULPHURIC ACID
52. 128 pm, 117° 83. H₂S₂O₇
53. T 84. H₂S₂O₇
54. KMnO₄ 85. I. generating SO₂ (by burning of sulphur or sulphide
SULPHUR - ALLOTROPIC FORMS ores)
II. SO₂ to SO₃ by V₂O₅
55. α-sulphur (rhombic), β-sulphur (monoclinic)
III. absorption of SO₃ in H₂SO₄ to give Oleum
56. Rhombic
86. SO₂ to SO₃ conversion in presence of V₂O₅
57. 369 K
87. Temp. - 720K, P - 2 bar
58. Yellow
88. F (96 - 98% pure)
59. evaporating the solution of roll sulphur in CS₂
89. T
60. F
90. F, dehydrating agent
61. CS₂
91. C + H₂O
62. 385.8 K
92. HNO₃ > H₂SO₄ > H₃PO₄
63. 393 K
93. CuSO₄ + SO₂ + H₂O
64. F
94. SO₂ + H₂O
65. 369
95. T
66. S₈
67. Crown DIGAQS
68. S₂ Diga Q1. This is the structure of S₈ ring in rhombic
69. Paramagnetic sulphur
SULPHUR DIOXIDE A) 204 pm
→
70. SO₃²⁻ (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq) H₂O (l) + SO₂ (g) B) 107°
Diga Q2. This is the structure of S₆ form
71. As a by product of roasting of sulphise ores
72. T A) 205.7 pm
73. Na₂SO₃ + H₂O B) 102.2°
74. 2NaHSO₃ Diga Q3. Sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃)
75. CO₂ Diga Q4. Pyrosulphuric acid (Oleum) H₂S₂O₇
76. Sulphuryl chloride Diga Q5. Peroxodisulphuric acid (H₂S₂O₈)
77. SO₂Cl₂ Diga Q6. Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
78. V₂O₅
79. (SO₄)²⁻ + Fe³⁺
80. SO₄²⁻ + Mn²⁺
81. T
82. Contact

QUESTIONS 2 QUESTIONS 3 QUESTIONS 4