o Movule- TW ThGe-1 Vas, Stings and Fonckiens - An arn, in a Single Vartable fo Store a Number OF Valus voit. the Same dots tye The Clemens 0 am Oren ate Stoved in Congeutive Storage lolatiews fn Memory. The Name ofan orca Jo falleoed & a Number Sn back, C1 these chumbers Stabt at 0 Exomle: fat Ast; Tateger Array Float Avvo Chontartoe Beoey, Assi Jo Xl] fe cial) Acs}.do xi] )-2 cfg[B! Ala] 32) xal2U chalsc’ | ats xfi]2-2 cLa)'D" Alas | So S| Pe’| eT eel cHaLE’| int ALT float XLs3; Chay chs3 5 (Tavalid Way 24 Staring encene Mamet Tat numLlsds ! [is] gs] 10 |ae"| 50: | nun{s} umf} Numfsy Tums) NumlayTico tyres of an arrays: # Single - dimensional omrey * Mall - dimenSfonal aoreeey Single |. Astoy * (one dtmensfonal) A Sing le dimens?onal coved fo @ Linear Lest Consisting Of Same daka tyre + Baste ProPexties of of velabed dake thems xb & Proveys : * Avro elemerbBhould be Of Same datatyre £ Date itins ate Sirved Conti gou8ly fo cere & Subserter of first Stew 1S aboays Tere. a the Index aoevou es always I Fach Clumed trough Name in tefee Pr om reed fo ater Of the arte Eyawle' Chay Name Dol= “ WELL Dove"; WW, [EE > 4 ' ‘ | Of namefod name lit Namel(2I Narac Lay Nace Lh J Name fst Namec 6S ‘I name Ltt eeee Declaration of Single dimencfonal Arays Syotor: pawmeon med . ty Pe oxrtoant aa ; BxPreion must-be aks. type, os evs fo? jab pad, chow ae oles i Examele ing aleds [i | al 10 memory ab} of} abs af) af _[ocabons ; Reseduved- Flot xist; [ES m2 Bo by tes4 xfs x ea xia} XiKJ SPace- Res dviegk’ Chex COAT; { [ | ae Ci) GIs coy h A in d The Valu Cane Strain an oxrray (Using three method S *& Taittal: Zation © Asstentng Values *& Tied Values From key Board‘Tnitial! Zatfon of Single dimensional Arye Aasdigning the weurred Valus to a Vakiable before Protesting Jy Called inital fabion Arcos Umeny Gn be TntHalt Zed at the He declarakfon - Eyrto', Namesfteored ato value v tye Ooweynawne ai fs Md; J ti type as Posseve. Tak, Float, Chay Feb. Value. 3s Finder) . “jhe VaMews Ways B] Saf ial Z2 a rc x | (D Taittalt 2°45 oll Se fredmennay | (6) Readiah Prevey teitbabiZablon | Ts bial? Zing without $i ke 1G Shing tai Bali Z ation (i) CLaifeleny all Pecifed menexy location Arta Gm be ini Hal? Leck at the time a Aeclaxation (ohen thetr ‘inital Values ove Known Oe| Exomole' Int alT=f10 , 20, 30, ho, Soh; : Vio |2io[s ]4 e |sie OJ ALJ afy of3} olay Paxtiol Arvray Ini bali Jako! TE Nwmber Of Valuts to be tal tH ali ted | 1h les than the Size Y an arey, then elmer, Oke Pri tral? Lol 29 order fom 0% lo@tions The Yemafning blanc loGbiow Tai fiali tet ko Lore - “ Ss : Exam 2 1 P a : | Moone int afeted S 16 AfPend 0'S s = {6 |0jofo aby alt ofty aly aty | ‘Ini tal? Jaften Without Sife'- 1 tnt xfLJ= f10,0, 12, 135; al. ( a faecal uf bal is Steck xo al Hee eventhough SP Le net srutfied. He jassoyy StLe Lill be Set bo total number Of | Titel Values Protee| Tai tiali Zaki on volte Sor"9! | i A Seiuence Of Chavac ttrS enclo Seol writin / double Cun ts th a Stig ‘The Stig always a Soe Seatac tse crag emer ae eae se ese se rar ene Merten tee| | | 2 Examble! Chey blJ= " KEYBoARo" 5 6) EO 665 LC) boo (I bi) bey] bat cle viele alr leh Nuh Cheracter abated atend . ASSiGnk Values fo array '- Here we lon oustgn Sndi vidual Clumek of an axvex Wing AESigornet OP rato &. Examme’ Pak PLAT; te Poy PL PRY PLS ASSume affoy Chen IS, 10,35, S0 Gn be Prsdtl frtasattey at Asttiow 2, 0,3,) Pls Is5 Chis 7 | Phy pod PD Piss Value 1S do Stove atormy Pasion a: eld=to5 (iol | [ils] | oto ts. stn Piss PLS PI PLy ot position © © elssas; Tel ETFs) 25+ sors Pl} PLO Piet POD ot Posten S pli £05 (io ste [fais] > Ep 15 Stoved! Plo) PLO Phy PLY ak sino |as 0° loll fae ud 3 “Read /vovtti Siagle Dimensional Arrays! The yead, write or Proce the an Pkuns Ga be done toSoup, foy-looe, oly Le- love PL -Stakiment , Switth Statsmad. uc. To veak A date Stems from Key boaid-an Tnblt [brady function bb Ure Sanf.() / Exameu'O Sant Ge Nd", Cael); | a Ong fatQs | Saft Yd" bale): O preg os hens M4) | YSantl* yd", &altDs 7 | To distlay 9 date ‘him Stor tan Wrre4 Can be done tReovgh Pintfl) Ubvoy funck’ on - fev (tees TKn5 PH) | { Ranse (eva QLD Pf }The C- Prog fam to vada tlews § disley Y-tken On mouth * He include Votd mainc) oC Pat 9, ald, 25 Pert (“ Enter no- a Ube (0); Songs fd", Gad; “Rent (* Entr Chane cxf orig \") G for T2054 Pen shi) “ Sang(yd * Gafid): y ys Patate(% AL dlomenb ate Wr"); for( teo 5 P “Passing Entixe array. to Funckion + = 7 the The function Called by Parry ong “Name Of thesdrred- In fanctton defiattion , the Paxametty roubt be deClavel as an Arve4 of Same. oaks tyre: Athual Poxameter - Ext Mainl> pe aw [SDeL S510, 15, 20,25} Fant (on); owt) 5 i as ae x Aner aon ants) = |Notd func (tak ot sd) , cpbee { ae Fondo t i Soe (42 03 12255 Ht) Patate(* Yad" Gort) 3 No te () the Vadable av iA the Callin g Jn CHEN deClarel gh an ore x 5 irtipers (1) poker function GXalkd fe func the kg Carvey avy in Padhed “ab on cola wmtat Example Progam’ etn clude Kh) = oft gekelta7 y Hinclase CStdio hrs : at}, int) Void Ftbonai (ing? { Ink 1G ve afoJ= O03 fe Tnwal Fi bonatGnumbess */ | aLis= 15 foy (1285 Teen 4 THD { apiss aft-d+ Ola; }Sees seeesaee eect o Motd main ea? — int on, 7, af Sol) Path (> ents Vale for \w"); Stang (J.4", P95 Ftbonacd (a, n)5 Réatt(“ Cbonaced Numbes we’); Soe (4205 ions, { Reratt ("hed eos atid); . 1 a Of} ats] | Outta | aps) 1 Fibonacci Numbers ee aly] 2 at) ats abs als abst ona {Z | @.1 31 Ss | The fronacci Numbers are a Series: OF rumbers Gach that Cach Number 1A the Sum ; oY PreVirous £wW0 Numbers exccert tine Fvst i * Ang Setond OwnblY .Two Dimensional Arrays | (ull DimenSpovel) Ain Axes with two Sets of Square Brace LILT ay Called tw0- dimensional Corvayys A hoe. dimensional deren dy UAtel vohenr dake ‘tims ave Ovvangel fo you~ wise anc Glan wise - : Declaration of TW dimenpional a Syotox ol dale type cavvog rma Lene Leerat 5 Where y CPL Nou S°ZE en? ~ Glunn St Le Dota tyre - ind, Fraok , chav, oC tat af LAS) Gt-0 @-2 Gla lS ho ooo | ALI) | abel) | afIhs | apttsy Root | ofl} apiny | anios | apatst Rowa ales | apy | aPIbI| apsesy hm 9bale Lea | The owray Q declvt os 400 dimenitonal Lolth hoo Suet brackes With You srLe as 3B and Column Site as h Tri tial Zation Of Tioo- dem enSional Arrays \- Assigning A Vedutved Value fo a Varfable be fore Processing a tai Halt Zabrow - Syorax | dodatyre amraynae Lor Sferra] = i saa fa, ,a2---An}, Loy brs bah, & ae {z,)h. a4 5 Hee, aya, On ate \olues austgned £0 (St you: : b,, b2--7 by axe Vales asianal to grt you: ant So os “Two _vs Sag Holt Taio aut =k Int Halliz ng al Specified rnemor| —— a Partial owes eai Hal Labor .a e oy = io > Sali bred memory locakions | int awe La [d= f __ Glimas 5 a. | 9 o ie { 5, 10,153, You's} i eae ‘ a h aelels {5, 6, #4, Pe i: { ¢, 4,105 i OS Portal Array fini Hal! ballon '- : TF number of Values to be finial: Zed are Les than the Sie OF the away then the element ave inihalized Room left fo Bight One Ofte tee Othe’ Example’ Tat : lun int alaits={ | eee ; {5,10}, p21 2 Cee) | eealiole le 6 0 ‘ {4 Ny af 10 ' i 3 GP iTAGE 10 Reading and Writing tv Dimenstonal A wags! To wad 9-d matrix Z a size MXN and to Pint a Q-d mab¥x Zt Stlemxn WE hove the follosing Stirs Ste1, Id entify Parameters Lo funckion Grven the Site Y mabrix mxa We have bo wead elements Palo Makin Z ov Ariat elements of mati Z-, s Poxameters | fet ZLIbS ym, 0 Steed | Ket bye: After Seding mabty 0 Pein Hing a abix We are oot vehirning any Value and henle, weturn tyre Void DES | Designing body Of the funckion ' Art Them Can be acevo by Srecifyig the Youd fadex and Columa tadex, We Acces the ‘lens You by you - Elemod accened oy zedtsd index Vadfable- Dl Ce Pa Vee 7 Oefor (feo sicem-15 te) — for (i205 2m ite) Anas) fortS= video, guy Prldiesdersd) Aan-otumnst Bete aap ZLILSL LILI A oc ey j j j } C~ fun chem te Wal mabrix 0 $*Ze mxn Void weadmabsdx (tak ZF TLRS, tat m, tat 0) { int i Rone #. stems fH) | 7 fede fees, G44) 4 Song(s id”, SL TIEAS)! | } 4 } Hert, vohtn Woe Pars D- dimensio Nal, are Sou ge Le 2S oP Honal, but Coluan Size mud t be Sec fied 9C - funckfen EO Prtnt a mokvtx ef S*Le oe Void Printmatelx Gat ZL IL, iat m, Pat) arty for (i205 ? ern Pt) fw (5-0; jeos GH) Rite ("x gor zest); yee we J ss Adsthfon of Tise mais! ate Vartous Stes im be fy ow bo add p00 matiles as Steer Tdeat fy pera ntiers be function eat ALILel, it & tak CYT , fae ¢ Chel, ! enk om, Ske 2 Rebwre tyre Veter tyre: a f Sted! Body of Funct om cuss = efi ILI+ BEdpss-\o3d addmabr’x (Fat af Ibe), tnt bobo], fat cle Ibeel, Tak mm, Tak 0) 1 tat ds | Sov (i205 <7 tt) : for (S205 $40; i { ctitsd= sgt He faa robs A, Bx. Stes ee £0 add too matrices! Sher: Read the S126 Of mabies m xn Stier: Read roadrix A Ste z'. Read marx B letco bo! Aad mabiices Mabir C= Maki xa+ inabiy B Stes! ubeac[Print Matix C f Sty 6. FinishedHAGE-Q Feo Fxarnm ta Examples \- Single dimendional array (one dimensional) | Progtam 1: C Progtam bo Pringy Ledgest and ft Fh include LStdio. n> Ane Largest (int af J,tnt n) { int 1, PoSs PoS=03 & for(tais Pens Sf) a { rf (oft > alpest) Posat5 J Sy YVetinn Pos 3 j Votd maint) {, int afl, 9,4, PSs att (" Enter number of element \n»); Slanf(" 7.4", ns Print (" Enter id elemesb ".0)5 foy (i= 05 P< tH) Lent ("Yd &liS); 1Pos = largest (A, )5 Paint fC" Lasqent eVd"y afas})+ Piatt (* Positions 4d", Past); 4 OutPut: Enter. number & element: Ss Enter S tument af} 35 3s jo SO 60 15° ans} lo Pos =3 Spx Ledges = bo ese Post bien = bp ALS] 60 [> bosgest:: ams Searching: , Peoteys of Finding a Parldley tte 15 Present ta Ladge amount Of dats Called Seaxehirg, The dwo Seas. ding teint Pues ake he Lineay Seaxch: L (inaxy SeaxchTAGE-17 “Program 2. C PeoGvam fo Pmelemedt Lfneay Search AH include fat btodtey Starch (tot Iéey , tok al tnt 0) { ft low, high, mid 5 loo 203 high =-45 while Clow <= high) { ee (loorhigh)fas it (lee == amid.) “webiore mids bey alm J) Shige = = mid -15 J Seodch Left Part ¥/ rh (Key yatn'D) Lee Feequt Part #/ 5 Yebwen als } ¥ Void mein ) ‘4 Int n, afjol, key, Pos; i Print (* Ente Number tf Clemenk ws Seook(" 7.3", &2);“Print? (" Enter Cluments 2 AStending order”): Glo (t205 £0544) Stank (« fd", GattDs Pent (" Enter element fo Seaveh \w"); Stonf(s ig", Gea); Pos binary Seavch Ccey an); fps -2-) Paint £ ( Ytem not found ns else s Print (" Them founaad thd st fen", FeS)3 3 i OutPot! Entey rumber of Clemeaks bl Clumends 10 acrndiag order lo 19 Qo as Enter item £0 be. Seaxched- Is Them found at 3 fasion: Dis advectese. fy Ligt of dlenenb bo be Sorted anvetl(PTQE- I> “Rogvamh! C- Progen to Intlement Bubbie Sort teint bo Sort the dlemeak of ani. Hinclude LStd!o- > Void bubbiesort (Pot alt, nt n) { : tnt 1, of, tue; for (4= [ft teao P44) ford deo 5 den-15 GH) ws '# Gli] wali _ temps? a LSI; QLsJ= afd; ALFHI = Lemes c bo? \e'd main cd int aL23 7, 0 5 1 PREC Entor owe bur of Plems \wny Sook" 4" ha); Pant tl" ovis this fo Sovt \nn): : fy (te05 fen35 fH)} Stont (“.4", baltd); 3 Petat tC" before Sovt \n 2) for (iso3 Pens T44) Rintl(“ 4d", ALIS q bubbre Sot (a, n G Peinbe (« Aftey Sort \w%); for (iz03 Po 144) { Ss Rite" Jd", ats); aS OutPur! | Enter Numer Gf items! s| Enter Cheers fo Sort WO SS Sas ce Before Sovt ~ foe os is After Sort gs 383 Cl arAGgE-16 “Bro grarmtng Ecorse! Too Dimensinnad ov Muli Dimensional Avwaifs » | CProgvam bo odd hwo mabiGs: | Toclude XStd¥0-n> : Vord verd (int ZI L105 , fat om, tat M) int ?, a foe (420 iigm 5 t44) fr (d205 G ee String Delemiter ~ “The String Veaiable & always declared a an array of Chavackers - Sota ! Chay Stving name] stxe]) The Payamettr Size determines total Number Of chavackers in the Staivg ame »Examele! Chay Cty fro} 5 Char Name {2s I; Snitializing o. Stetags: TaoHali lation in & Procers of assigning. Valus to a Variable befive doing maniPulation - * Diitall eq Chavacker by Chavacter *x “PaeHfal fad tiodesbat om * —— Without Si Le Sret: fred * Taibeli Lotion with a Sig. Tnitiad’Zing Chavacter by chevacker' Chay OLI= fw Tue ye ys He 6 memo] locations axe allocates Woanging fom Obs ! a >Lv[T 0 v [elefR] as AS The ASCII Vals aq the. Chavachect f vor be Store in the memory beesPartial Initial? Zakion” TF the Number GY chavackrs fo be intHalitel dg Leys than the Sie Of coevay , then Charachers Stoved SeQuentially from Left be Right - Char @abel={'c'‘o CLAVE Geb olcJo}s[efeTs] eTale [E1S]= Johofs) S&F 84 The blanc lots auto rn roakically Filed with NolLL Chavackers ‘ \O' Formatted Oude funcPion' | The eutpat fanction Pink) & Usk ko disflay | Prink the String . The (onverSiow Cod. /Forenak Seti free Udeb oS fo Pont the Sbiry e Chawackers - Exangle * | Chay a Lids | : Slonf (“ se oye Peinte ("5") a); { " Rink the Charecker$ Le Jour 04 Chavackeys On to the monitos.c FAGE-20 Excamele Reo yarn: Hinclude fPinclude KS hy Votd matnc) { Chay wordi fI9J, ovrd as 5 Patol Enter textt \n); Slanf [£5 45", wordl, word 2); “Rite word | 2388 "word !); Printf(" \n wood a= ps", Wed; Jetcho ; Oust Pat ' Entes feet WEL mE. | VTUBELGAM Loord| = WEL@meE Word a= UT BELGAUM: tyooed | bE L]c|e |afelye Ty oO eae wooed (VT v]B oo! 2 bl he? PT FE 70 i 11S 7G ey] wlFetsc) + Cunformalted tnd fuach os) . To ead Sequence of Characters for én between and Stove kKeyBoord With SPaceds fs) funcktor tem fa Memory loltatios J do VSS Syntore Gees Cot); + <3 Stig Vaitable - Reb Shing of Characters Fe Key bontrd AU Sex Presses Enter Keg". “Rakes (Dt (unfoermedtel Out Pect Runckion) Te distlay tre Stivg % Charvacker “6 hae OutPt Slreen RAsSO fan hiow iin VSed- Synbor'! Pats (Sbs)s Ny Sbrtng NaRiable . “The farck fon di-selays all the Chavackers Stored te Variable “Sb8" BU, £6 en Counters AMSLL Chavacter ' \O! .tAGE-2) Example Progam: Fhinclude include < string. pS Void meint) ¢ Chay StrfosT; Ges (St; inne ABC <1 (Press ets) y Res (stv); J/ouded A BC j 7 ie - Advantages & Eahy to user Unformatlel Flo Punckions » * A Singles} sequen le 6 Chavackers Gabe wed easily or displayed easily . Drsodvadboes & Th & nok Posstole fo ved! Rint dons other dete Crcewt Characters Ouly , ie, not Posstble £o Print Inkagers, Ploakiog Numbers aa To over Gene Ke above Roblem tne £ focematted Ze fiunchions Unik: “Fetath and Slan€()Skeing Mani PLation Funckions ‘- The Vowtew String man'Pulaben fanckow SuPer bel In C Longuage ate - x Strlen (St) — Rebus the length 2 Soog Str. o€ StwcPy (dest, Svc) — CoP toe Source String Sve to destination String dest # Sten cry (dest, Se,n) - Copies ak neSt 1 Chaactdt Of Sowrcerbbirg Src to destination Steing dest Strat (Stn, stra) — ARPind Shing Str, to Str) Shen lak (Str Stra, 0)= APPEndl Fiest n Chavackers Of Steing Stra to Sts & Stem (Stwi , Sts2) - ComPare two Sbirys Sty foe, * Steve (Ste, Sbe 2) - Finds the first OCuvenle Of Steinga in shang SI Stuhr (Str, ¢) - Eland the Sterg Ste for the first ; © Charente Of Chavacker C # Ste lo (Ste) - Greet the Stebag Ske fo lower Case # Sty Wr (St) ~ Conveth the Stig st 2 Ufpey fase Stywev (sex) - “Reverses the String Str + Sheychy (Stv, 6) Finds Last oCluven ce Character Cc mm Sterg SHO SeasTAGE- 20 Strlen (Se) — Sbsog Leogie The funckion wetuens the Levgta y the String sty, ft Conds all the Chavacters Unttl ‘\0' Ona sobens tte total Leng the Exnbor' Sat Stren (Chey st); Exame |e! fh include Pin clube Xserrg. “ \loid maine) | Y : Chow = t J=“LaxsHmana”™ Pande" Leagins /d", Ste By , Guts: | Legit = 9: Proglam: C- Progam Using USerdeftined Fanckto™ my-S tele) 1 fEinclude LS tdio- o> ' Hinclule CSERS-h7 Int my_Strlen (Char st3) if one tisa 10svohsle (s£tJ 1 = 10") tH; wluyn 75 4 Void maint) Chay Sf2sT5 Pat 75 | Print t (" Enter the Seeing \n"); i ets (85 Ps my_Stelen(S) 3 } Patt (" Lengte = hd "ES Strcry (dest Sec) — Sting OFA The fanckion Strcey Cortes the Gateds Of Sofuwce Stig svc bo destination SO n9 dest Incholing ‘\o’ , Here the Site destinabren Shing Khonld be Greater ov Quod to the Sourle Sterg - Siniox Stxcey (Chav destt I, Chav svt}TAbe-23 Examole Pinclusle X Hin clude Number Of by ts Lobe GPicd £0 dlesti nation Stig Sri > Source Strny | cleat —r destination String. the fanckton Strncey CoP! 1 Characters Soom Source Sting be dein ation String arf Sourle Strg ee tan 1, Cube Shing j es Opied bo destinoh & - | att Sourie Stig t more than 1, then only nN Chavacters Copitcd £0 datinabkeExample! Chor Ste Lod; Chay Sto feJ= “4eco"; Strowey (Ste), Ste2, Sizerp (St) ; Before ey elution oT = Aflee cae Stencey YAGE-ay Sty {2 |? resale so Gls [eeP PR) = (ser AlB c|p \o |\o. RS vhs} stale Jo )\e] SE Oe Se ee ele lel? | Progrum'tnciase clara Hi nclade & String. h> Void main i> { Chay SLIST= “ WELwome To's J Cher Sp SiJ= yes"; Pat den § len'= Strlen (5); Stroy (45163 + len, bg [e3)5 Sten ceg (ESLET, Si, Len); PAM" Resulk 5", 8); g be)Sthrat (61,52) — Shing Conlatenake \- SYtny | ” Stecat (Char SL Chay $203) 5 S| - first Shing Sy = Selond Shiny The funckton Strat Pies a to tne enol OF stig Si werlated by the delimit of Si Qo) - os : 1 pt | Brvgt Charncher Of S2- The Bite % S) cote ee Chavackers OF Sa Examine’ Hiaclude s Hinchde Void reine) { Chal: sg pel="AecD"s S\falelcfepe]? 2p Pp a. ~.rCr—CsCsCis 0123 Garten) | TE (strlen (5) 4+ Steen (sya stegesy , Paint #(" Eror Gamt onthe"); oe lon@tratd SHS ctut (6,5; s, GE [eT bly olelM, i! Leb Telsiek Void my_stwcat (Chey Stuf J, Char Steal J) 20) J: lohgle (Sto LIF ='\o') F445 fro; while (steal GJd= v0 : Ste Lia: Sb fu; % s Ste LAY Non, Me meint ) : { came Chay Sh, [aeJ= “ WELOME" S Char Straws: " TovTu"; mY_Stecat (Sri, St2); tat C* Con Grats Sky "D5 Prtatf (" 7.5", StS fySten cat (s, 1S) n) ie Stag Number Conbtinal, SYorax! Stra cat (Char Sil IY, Chey SII, tet 0); ~ first Sting Sy~ Selond Shing = Mumberog Chatackers 06 Sting Sa bo be Gn catinatis TL the leg ta rg Stxiag SQ +o lens than n than funcetow (pre entive Shing Sa to ens Sr . : bt the delemete’ OF Shang S, to wPh bed With Sting So” first Chavacter | Brxcelut on iefure Sten Cat wb PE PP) satu ]y]s Jo Jefe SAEs Fg Cy ey are si fv oO 1 st! After Oxeusion Sten at (Si,S2, 2; Si [v]r jula y|s ss) Care (9 Get Hot BS Chavacters are Gpicd fom Syins Sq bo Shing Si atte exch 2G S).IAGE-26 a Stvcmp (Si,S2) = SHIN ComPare Eywray | fot Stromp(Char Sif T, thar Sat); S\- Levee Sting Sr- Setwond Shy The funckion Streme ComPares te 0 Stings - ComPexs sion Start from Stoaking Chavackor Of the Shing > Tf two Stings ae Sefual webrns O | a eS Geeater Lean Sq, Me Value volurned | TES, be depen attidins Negalive Val a C= Progfam® to PmPlement Sting ComPoar SO" Wing may. Strimp Pancho: Lb enclude LStdio he fat my-steme ( Chay SILI, char sol) ink feos while (sif==SafiJ) { of (siiid == '\0) bran; THs vehurn SLg- Salil,Void = main’ ) { Chey SiLJ=“ Vu"; Cher Sofjy= BELGavm; int diffs diff = my_ Strme(Si,S2); Sf (ditf == 0) Rint (7 Seg", 5 Sa): the lf (diff +o) r Pintf ("SS AS", Si, Se); BCL Mitch Ube Printf(" MS LS", Si,S2)s Working of function MY_-Stecm? () / > Leo Pf Sy eSo / | —> Positive Pf GY >Sy > Nygabive ES < SotAGE-QF Strevev (Str) - Sting woerSe Synlioy | Void Stevev (Char Strf3) ; > Ste Tr Ses The fanction yeverses all the Chavacters nthe Sting Str exceet ~\0 % OvIf inal Shing io Lost . ‘ Examele! > Hhincluce Chey Ste[J= “ ELwme "; | Sterev (Ste); Pratt ( Revise, = /S", Sh); \ : , Oukhut’ Revise = EMOCLEW! ‘ The Strrevd So Inbuilt funcklon deffacel “Sa Stig headdftle“Progian C Progtam to fmPlemenk Stray reveise Using _USer definest fun Lkion: FeinClise Live hy Yoioclade mMax?mum Len of on Numindiag SHS ° " Sbinge. Cher afst[22I; > S to tne declaration ind! che teat S Student noes Con be Stover: > Qo radiate thot Sh name oo atmo St” Qo Chagerbors Tiitvalitaton | Chad ofS = £. “WELwomeE", 10. “TOS “BanhAtRe ‘ j “BELGAUM” va ThE Unmeds Gale wed anch atlerted Soh tre Loo? Stained a4 » | fox (te 0 Peep 3°41) 4 SOnf ('% Sty ali D: i}“The Atay o String Valuca are Pinte as for ( foo 7 reo 2 PH) ¢ Ref (rs, afl h. £2,FUNCTIONS. Pie-29 funckPons 89 C A ladge Propham Can be divides fro Small Preles Called modules , ach moolule also Caled oO fanckion The funckions O82 Clumfred tnto boo Ways Funct ons - Libvary / Se User efgred Fancbiont Pred fined PunckYons (Reogfarerned olepined Ext Gt? cfamck' ons) / Rwl d; Ext Adal. Liat a, at b) 5 Lébvahy Rancilio | The Collection Of Vadlous -fumchiows “Petiforen Stondord fabk ond Fre defined tasks; the funckiow LOW ttn by the: Compiles manmfac barers GUL Ubovoduy Sumeki ows . { Excomeles Powlcy) — WwenPutio 24 : “Spel — ComPubo Shale wot Of X t Piatt - Used bo Peatdala on outtat SFO - To ead dade fropa ey boat -USex defined Functions ! The funcktonk orilter by the Programmers : bo do tee Stecific task Callid USex definct | aloo Glued Po Giverny” definedt funchions - Excamole'- Hinclude \ord oatl) A vser defined R Punch on] fat 4, b, Sums Pid £(* entrar; Stomp (187.5 "Ge ODS SumaOtle 5 Peak ( yd", Sud; WUbwkn; ft webutin Combi fo mainly } | Vford man’s { add C5 weluday Arsthida Contato OS */ ' 4 Not DEve idiow Stat, Prom main 2) Fan (blo Gad) do Tavoxest & Combet trowfercd Lorn mains to addlO| : | ‘FAGE-Z30 Ekemen of Sr defi ntd Rin Cblona Ly Function depratton Ly Function Gall lL, Fanctton declaration Fanction deftatiton The Program modube that t oritin zo Achieve a SCLC tasKc Mo Gala funchion definttion Stoton’ wie PedLam Fenchfone , pa é ( cas) eee decldation (Pot; | Functow Body SY Gretdoble Parts cS welurn Stakemet; y eee tyre a dakatyPe tab, float, Char, ord , couble, uc froime ~y function name « Examele * 1 douste agdCdouble m,dousle 2) { dbuble Sum; Sums mtn5 Behn Sens“functPon Declatatron/ Roto tyre \ The Pot finchions dethring before they are Used (or Gl) 3S fanch'on- ‘Rrototyee | Tk to also (abled Panchen declSabion ; Sywtae! tyre Frame (type Fi. tye Pay styre 2)s 4 Framer int aad (fat ap bat 8); Void Sub Links, Pat ¥); yee = dats tyes Unstt, Flee, double, Yord, Brame - functions ome PB Pn stb of Pada Eber $ Ser rohd by _& Comme. once th fanckiow do defined, @thas to be Calg Zo achieve tne fask. The meted. of Cabling function to achive a Ceelefec fasK let function Coll Beatle Void maine) ee \ ses = ada (lo, 20); 4 L Arsqum ete © Kunchion Cl. —TFunction Pavamaters: (4e-S1 The Vattables defined Pathe funckton And the aNuments ta the function othe Coblid. Pavam bs: Fun chen Pahametees Formal Actual Poxamettrs Pavrametise: Powel Faramelivs! 2 The Vartableadepinedl in the funckion header of funckioicdefinition adhe Callest - Foyenal Paevamn apis The forme Paden tis ake aloo Cablid dummy Pararnettrs The Paramers Veletves date toom actual Rramelers etal Parameis The Wadiables that awe used When G fanckion to Ua ov Invoked ate Colles! Ochtal PevemekerS The dats tronkferveol fo tte fanckiows USing acral Paver ekers . f The type af date Omd Number Of flamebars "Should match for formal fathual Favamebsrs i| E yample > Hfnclude 2 : double alt (Housie x 1 dowble “¥} { wdiaxn octy ; Formal y Pavamettrs Noid mats () { Obuble a,b, wes; Pintf(" ect ab \n); Sled ("7 LEY LE", & &b). wees add ((a)! Be \ Vetigur! ge Aimar Categories of 4 OF Frc kros | The function oke Cabigor’ Zook ae om Wttuiin Value by the Punckton € FeSamn tts alleptesl - OR Tanchtons voit 00 Ruramilihe Fro vette Values ab Funchiom With no Rdamebas And with vider | Velmes Je Funchtons Witt Paromita € 70 webain values . % Finckons With Favamitae § with ytd He AFAGE- 32 Fraanctlons wrth No Pavamebars & No vetion Valu’ he fanckiom ade wrth No Pavamdas. Heve Hewe fo 0 dodo teonshex bebdeen Calling and Called fenckion y Calling funcbiow Connst urd ony Values & Called fom for Cannot Yeleive Ong Values Example} Hinclude Noid adel) Void odhl); i int Ob, C7 Votd mata Paeif( ents a/b \n"); “we Slo ("4d Ud", Ga,8b); adh LIS Coat; fina = Routt ("Same hd", C); TT etter 5 ls j Fanckions Lott, Fadameters & No - Utd ada (tak @, fat 6)5 \pid main (> Void Cite, ta) { nN ee 1S tab Suen : 5 Pant enka rane dy / on f fame a+b) Slaaf ("rd hd" Gem, a); if Rath’ Some Gur); aad (m, a5 ----* Shans “ Seton 5 KT S 4 iy x Fanchtons istth NoPaxamdis & with velo Volucs'- These & 0 data teowsfer Fron Call I Ranckien 40 Caller function, But the deka 18 teonbferced from Coble fonction fp te Calling. i » When Be Contol te brane fnered. £0 Lie Cabld function, the Values ane Yeaok ave aged & Welk do Stored ta C& ye Value Of C fe waned -TAGE- 33 Evontle > include ace a add Void mainl) a tak 0,6, 05 oak Cs i Pint" eatin A b\nr)- | ae Start yaid", ahs); | Coaddlls wa. | C= ath; Paatf(“ Same Kd", O; © sen e Weta 5 y Joh cise 140 7 C Velie &/ j sé Tunck’om Last Rrameters € ott “vekern Values’ Hele, the dala transfer between the alltng fancbion tnd tre Called furch’on L done . when Palumebers are Pomed, the Called funcklon Welet ves the Valles from -tBe | Calling fanctiom * pohen funcktor vues 2 Value, the Calling funchiow Cam we CG ve Value fron Eee Called fnct orExamele e thin clude fat ada (tnt a, tat &); Vord main (> { ee jet add(tat a, tat b) Rist" entic mon; ff tak C3 Seal l td L3" 4nha), ee a SS _tvebian Ce C= aad (m, Ope & y . Petal ( Sm = Pd 0; CHidw 5 { - Argurn _ Pabsr y e | The Biummenk ae Parseol to the fence in two Loans Ll, Call by Refevence:YAGE-34 Coll By Value The Values of achual Pakam ettrs OAe Pied Fato formal Pitameters, here. Lyenal Pavameers has why the Cory og Actual Payamuers. Pf tee Valu Chenged In the Called functor, then thé achral Pav om bors uorll not be Change oh - Examele! . Hinclude Létdto- i> ge? Foreal Barwon thde Votd. Soar (tak Paint Y) ~ { Pat bomb : . tomes ‘Pag Yy=loy P=W5 - a7 Gag ete | Verd main) Int 20, Ys de105 Yaass | Svoae (x, 3-7 AC Piate(« acand Ye %d" 25 4); Bubfict Q=10 b=2o0- fal. Paden etsColl ey Reference ' Loken the function & Calleol, the addres CL actual Favameters ore Sent - k The formal Palamettrs Should be dethrel os Portas fn CoMed fnchion wrth Game, dota gre ad actual Payamelors . Ph ve the addwess oY actual Falameters ake Copted into formal ‘Favameliks Using three adel Valu A achual Fara eteas abo Gabe Chargect . > Example '- : FFinclude . a Foren. Void Swar(int ¥Rprnt *Y) Cte tee xe temp = RP: PH KEYS y= temP; Padaroo” h Pd = maint) int @, bs | Q=]o5 bao; Sap (a, Gb); > Actuoh PaSarvilils » Peaif{('annd b/d", a 6); } oultick Q=20 b=10°age -35 Lotatton Of Funckfons! The funckiow Canbe olegiach ia . \adious Places tn Same file or défgevest files. The functton lolations Con be Aone in three di ffevek Veaons « Ly Ranchtenstmenedliataly after #inclde Ly Funckiows agtey main ) fenck or - Ly Tincbong tr SeRetade fetes Funchrens van mreclionely aster thindude & fidepine’. > The chive finchton deptartion Conbiating of Runchenshiealer &funcbien bedy dis Patel. ak begining o¢ file fromecl’ toly after tPinchaok + The funckron Proto tyre Com oe Cro’ beck : aun L) - $f famchfon fo definet before” f Hein cule < — _ 1 HE dene U) Ean kon Prototyrs J] Funckion DY g nitfows i ‘ J} Meinl) func Ef ou peeExamole ! Hinclue Votd Suave Chat x); /x Rinction Prototyee+/ Void Stance Cink 9) fe defitht one Pout tC" Stowe = ed", (tad): Void mainc [# mute Lunch on */ int as : Fanté (% tata "Ye os SOd (ry ds - Stuoee (ad; j . S Function ALLE ynatnU) i ~y The funckon Prototype: Should be. ttn formedtasely after Finca es - : ~ The maint) funchon Will be Lortten followed. by All Suc funcfoun defini Hons - ee I fonction Peototyres | If rein function | a0 i He funchion definit ous | 1 r . ‘ a ‘ { ‘ ( || PAGE ~36 Examele > —Hiacude Void Sduare (tat P)s /3e Function Prototyre/ ie eo J roctn Lenco) a Pratl Centr x 5 Sey L Ld" &XY; Suave. Cx) 5 Void Sivane (Fat a J Fasichion depinss' owt / ag Pantf(* Yel", Pep); 5 & Funckions fa SePevak Files! > Lote all funck*on Pro totyees Promedlielily next to # include SHdlefines > Lotte matin) funchionr Hr define all Uachdeftncel funchigun Si sera fles ea. T phintludes he ‘ ( ' | hao don Peototgees | ' ( t A i " meio func on: ; ; ;Example’ file 1. ¢ Hinclule Votd Sub( fat x, Pat Y); MW Fanckfon Void mate frre, fore UY { Pat Yb: Prntt{(" ents a,b"); Son t(" fad", Ga, 8); Sub(a, b); & : 5 ' se Filed. ¢ Voed Sub (ing ‘Ne, tat Y) [edge { depiction xf tat Cs | c= x-y5 } Piaf 74", €): Notes Heke, the main(s ProGfam i4 fn One fle Bel other functions are defrel Pn another frle.; they axe ComPtleat Sereyetoly | Ths wee Leprosy funchions ate used:‘ReCurssion * M4ES# AL ReGuvssten Lo a methool Of Solving Jee Problem Lohere the Solubon to a Roblen depends on Soldiows fe Smoller Pabten (es 8 He Lome Problem. “The welarste fncbon Le a. funchiow Hak Calls *belf during cecsion: “Tivo Ways & ela ssion > Divect veGaston L Todi rect YeCUAS on, Direct yeussctons A welubieve funckion Hot Invokes ‘taf L Sait to have di vect Yelaeston Examtle’ tak bok Cenk n) 4 Lee Cy ezo) web 1 yebere eft (nds | \ x - Godveck YeGawston' A funch’on which Comtaias Call £0 Qnothey funckron: lobe ch en tuen Calls andther Meee and Soon & Call ogatn Livst funtion Cal ‘Indivect Keluvsion -Bowe 6 8, a. a “a bo 30 ( ¢ :) | a O: tre: - “Reo glaromias Examples for Relaxssten O Com: Factor ek-of 1 - Ms] thas as - nls | ML = n¥@1)! _Sibuwise por the asave defini Hom Lonchiom for fac korvtal 1S WH a4 th n=o | FO) = i & Fln-) ofhew'se. Fanckion . gat fact (tat ”) of TE (n ==0) Webs 1 Vern ne fact(n-)3 A hen NOW 5ete mack yf “PReoqram |: C - Pro fam bo Comite Binomial Co- YE Cot Nes nt f(a: * 4) Hinclude fink fact Ctat 0) 4 Tf (ne=0) wed 1; thorn nie fact (n-!); Void maint) { int NGS Flock weal Rave entre “3 Slog 4", 49; | Pratt (" cakes x"); Stand O° Ld sho; Yuk = fact Cm) / (fact (n-v) ¥ ct ls); Pith" Yd Chad = Sid", 0, ¥, vee); j OutPut ¢ Enta ot 6 Cre ve Ss 6¢3 = 20 -Roxfan-2! C- Progen Lo find Sum of ane elemento” “using Reta stor #Hincde KStdio-h> float Fun (fiat aft Fiat 0) { tf (nee-1) yebdn 05 Faun (a,n1) + afl; j . Void maint) oe < ° ° ie ali Fat afists Sum 5 Biatf (" Babs dumber Of elum enbs s Soot (vyd" 4); Rantf(" Eater elrnedk ") 5 fir(te03 tens PH) Stamf(* fis", GOLD); ‘ a Fun (a, o-)5 RIAL ( Resulk =f", Sum) 5 4“Reofean-3! Oecd C- Progam #0 Comic factorial bf Oumbory Luving yelurssPon : . Hera clude gat fact Gat a) 4 ep (eco) ~wehdn I; yearn Nefact (o-1); } Nod rain a {, oe int ON, seb ss Rial {" enban »; Stanf ("sta") 4); youl P fact (n); Rent (" 7.6", woulk); ip {3s Limitations 2 Returston} (Advantage) > eiwsive definttfon Can be eatiy bonslatid 1 fnto webasi WE Lunch’ om - ~> Cleaver & Simelev VALS? ons 4 elusive . Lancktons Can be Cees - I Many fauncbom ate eanitr bo foplement rseconcivdy & efsiCed -DiS advedage Y Tecrssion > Stove funcklon & Callel weatedly tt takes Move Lime to exett, ~y ExecHon vo Vely Slow GmRred to ottey Pevodive Counter Rat a Consumes Lot of memory When fone fon do Called - Pre Faun - ; pane to Cvaluat Sum yf Dakawal Num bows - Hinclude [ ink Fun (tat 0) e th (nee -D Rb 05 svchurn 42Fun(o-t)5 4 Void main C) ink 9, Sek Poth ( ent 0): 1 SOf (dG: ywuult > Fux Cn); Roatf (« Rowik= fd" yout);