CLASE 4 COMPUESTOS
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS COMPOSITES
Polymeric matrix composites
Metal Matrix Composite Materials
Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials
MATRIX IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
POLIMERIC METALLIC CERAMIC
POLYMERIC MATRIX MATERIALS
THERMOPLASTICS
THERMOSETS
POLYPHENYLENE
SULFIDE (PPS)
POLYETHERETHER
KETONA (PPEK)
POLYESTER
EPOXY RESIN
POLYARIL
SULFONE
THERMOSETS - EPOXY RESIN
Generalities:
• One oxygen atom and two carbon atoms
• Additives like thinners to reduce the viscosity,
flexibility agents, UV radiation protecction,
• Curing fast agents: increase the reticulation
adding stiffness, Mechanical resistance like
Hardness, increase Tg but toughness decrease.
• Use temperature150°C
More expensive than polyester but have better wettability with
fibers improving resistance at the interface.
THERMOSETS - POLYESTER
Generalities:
• An unsaturated polyester resin contains a
number of C=C double bonds.
• A condensation reaction between a glycol
(ethylene, propylene, or diethylene glycol) and
an acid (maleic or fumaric) results in a linear
polyester that contains double bonds between
certain carbon atoms.
• It can withstand temperatures up to about 80°C
and combines easily with glass fibers.
it is very
• Polyester resins shrink between 4 and 8 % on cheap
curing
THERMPLASTICS
Generalities:
• Thermoplastics are characterized by
linear chain molecules and can be
repeatedly melted or reprocessed.
• Too high a temperature or too long a
dwell time at a given temperature)
can degrade the polymer properties
such as, especially, impact properties.
• Thermoplastic matrix materials can
have failure strains ranging from 30 to
100 %, while the thermosets typically
range from 1 to 3 %.
THERMPLASTICS - PEEK
• PEEK is an attractive matrix material because of its toughness and impact
properties, which are a function of its crystalline content and morphology.
• High Tm (373°C)
In general, most thermoplastics are harder to flow vis a` vis thermosets such
as epoxy! Their viscosity decreases with increasing temperature, but at higher
temperatures but the danger is decomposition of resin.
POLYMERIC MATRIX MATERIALS
POLYMERIC MATRIX
MATERIALS
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS
Grain boundaries are, by far, the
most important of these planar
defects from the
mechanical behavior point of
view. Among the volumetric or
tridimensional
defects we can include large
inclusions and porosity and
preexisting cracks.
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS
Metal matrices replace polymeric matrices in some applications
due to the following properties:
- high resistance and modulus
- high temperature resistance
- thermal and electrical conductivity
Metal matrix composites are mostly used in industry
aeronautics and aerospace because in these applications the
materials must have high resistance to temperature and
abrasion.
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS
METAL
MATRIX
ALUMINIUM
MAGNESIUM
TITANIUM
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS - ALUMINIUM
Light metal, density 2,7g/cm3
More cheap than Mg and Ti
High corrosion resistance due passive film in the surface
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS - TITANIUM
Elevated melting temperature, density 4,5g/cm3
High corrosion resistance due passive film in the surface
METAL MATRIX MATERIALS - MAGNESIUM
Elevated melting temperature, density 1,7g/cm3
Good damping capacity
Low thermal coeficent and ductility
Present high corrosion and reactivity
CERAMIC MATRIX MATERIALS
Ceramic material are very hard and brittle.
Consist of one or more metals combined with a nonmetal such as oxygen,
carbon, or nitrogen.
Disadvantage low fracture toughness
GLASS SILICIUM
ALUMINA
(AMORPHOUS CARBIDE
(Al2O3)
SILICATES) (SiC)
Materials that resist high temperatures, so they can be used as refractory materials
(materials that can withstand temperatures extremely high without losing its solidity),
They have high resistance in compression but not in traction.
CERAMIC MATRIX MATERIALS
An important aspect to consider in these materials are the different
matrix and fiber thermal expansion coefficients.
If the expansion coefficient of the If the expansion coefficient of the
matrix is greater than that of the matrix is less than that of the
fibers, breakage of the matrix may fibers, fiber-matrix adhesion
occur during cooling. decreases because the fibers
shrink.
