1

y = f x

x
O π

The diagram shows the graph of y = f x
, where f x
= 32 cos 2x + 12 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) State the range of f. [2]

A function g is such that g x
= f x
+ k, where k is a positive constant. The x-axis is a tangent to the
curve y = g x
.

(b) State the value of k and hence describe fully the transformation that maps the curve y = f x
on
to y = g x
. [2]

(c) State the equation of the curve which is the reflection of y = f x
in the x-axis. Give your answer
in the form y = a cos 2x + b, where a and b are constants. [1]

9709/11/M/J/20
2
Functions f and g are such that
f x
= 2 − 3 sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π,
g x
= −2f x
for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) State the ranges of f and g. [3]

 The diagram below shows the graph of y = f x
.

y = f x

x
O π

(b) Sketch, on this diagram, the graph of y = g x
. [2]

The function h is such that

h x
= g x + π
for − π ≤ x ≤ 0.

(c) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the curve y = f x
on to y = h x
. [3]

9709/12/M/J/20

3 In each of parts (a), (b) and (c), the graph shown with solid lines has equation y = f x
. The graph
shown with broken lines is a transformation of y = f x
.
(a)
y

2
y = f x

1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]
 (b)
y

2
y = f x

1

x
0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]

(c)
y

2
y = f x

1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−1

−2

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [2]

4
y 9709/13/M/J/20

1 y = cos 1
1
0 π 2π 3π 4π
−1

In the diagram, the lower curve has equation y = cos 1. The upper curve shows the result of applying
a combination of transformations to y = cos 1.

Find, in terms of a cosine function, the equation of the upper curve. [3]

9709/11/O/N/20
5 A curve has equation y = 3 cos 2x + 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) State the greatest and least values of y. [2]

(b) Sketch the graph of y = 3 cos 2x + 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. [2]

(c) By considering the straight line y = kx, where k is a constant, state the number of solutions of the
equation 3 cos 2x + 2 = kx for 0 ≤ x ≤ π in each of the following cases.
(i) k = −3 [1]
(ii) k = 1 [1]
(iii) k = 3 [1]
Functions f, g and h are defined for x ∈ > by
f x
= 3 cos 2x + 2,
g x
= f 2x
+ 4,
 
h x
= 2f x + 12 π .

(d) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f x
on to y = g x
. [2]

(e) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f x
on to y = h x
. [2]

9709/12/O/N/20

6 (a) Express x2 + 6x + 5 in the form x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

(b) The curve with equation y = x2 is transformed to the curve with equation y = x2 + 6x + 5.

Describe fully the transformation(s) involved. [2]

9709/13/O/N/20
7

2
y = f x

1

x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6

In the diagram, the graph of y = f x
is shown with solid lines. The graph shown with broken lines is
a transformation of y = f x
.

(a) Describe fully the two single transformations of y = f x
that have been combined to give the
resulting transformation. [4]
 (b) State in terms of y, f and x, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [2]

9709/12/F/M/21

7
y

x
− 14 π 0 1
4π
1
2π
3
4π
π 5
4π
3
2π
7
4π
−2

−4

−6

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a tan x − b
+ c.

Given that 0 < b < π, state the values of the constants a, b and c. [3]

9709/11/M/J/21

8 (a) The graph of y = f x
is transformed to the graph of y = 2f x − 1
.

Describe fully the two single transformations which have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [3]

(b) The curve y = sin 2x − 5x is reflected in the y-axis and then stretched by scale factor 13 in the
x-direction.

Write down the equation of the transformed curve. [2]

9709/12/M/J/21

9 Functions f and g are both defined for x ∈ > and are given by

f x
= x2 − 2x + 5,
g x
= x2 + 4x + 13.

(a) By first expressing each of f x
and g x
in completed square form, express g x
in the form
f x + p
+ q, where p and q are constants. [4]

(b) Describe fully the transformation which transforms the graph of y = f x
to the graph of y = g x
.
[2]

9709/13/M/J/21

10 The graph of y = f x
is transformed to the graph of y = f 2x
− 3.

(a) Describe fully the two single transformations that have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [3]
 The point P 5, 6
lies on the transformed curve y = f 2x
− 3.

(b) State the coordinates of the corresponding point on the original curve y = f x
. [2]

9709/12/O/N/21

11 The graph of y = f x
is transformed to the graph of y = 3 − f x
.

Describe fully, in the correct order, the two transformations that have been combined. [4]

9709/13/O/N/21

2 2
12 (a) Express 2x − 8x + 14 in the form 2 x − a
+ b. [2]

The functions f and g are defined by

f x
= x2 for x ∈ >,
2
g x
= 2x − 8x + 14 for x ∈ >.

(b) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f x
onto the graph of
y = g x
, making clear the order in which the transformations are applied. [4]

9709/12/F/M/22
 
13 (a) The curve y = sin x is transformed to the curve y = 4 sin 12 x − 30Å .

Describe fully a sequence of transformations that have been combined, making clear the order
in which the transformations are applied. [5]
  
(b) Find the exact solutions of the equation 4 sin 12 x − 30Å = 2 2 for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 360Å. [3]
9709/11/M/J/22

14 The graph with equation y = f x
is transformed to the grap @ h Awith equation y = g x
by a stretch in
0
the x-direction with factor 0.5, followed by a translation of .
1

(a) The diagram below shows the graph of y = f x
.

On the diagram sketch the graph of y = g x
. [3]

x
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10

−2

(b) Find an expression for g x
in terms of f x
. [2]

9709/12/O/N/22
15
y
8, 12

12

10

x
O 2 4 6 8 10 12

The diagram shows a curve which has a maximum point at 8, 12
and a minimum point at 8, 0
. The
curve is the result of applying
@ a Acombination of two transformations to a circle. The first transformation
7
applied is a translation of . The second transformation applied is a stretch in the y-direction.
−3

(a) State the scale factor of the stretch. [1]

(b) State the radius of the original circle. [1]

(c) State the coordinates of the centre of the circle after the translation has been completed but before
the stretch is applied. [2]
(d) State the coordinates of the centre of the original circle. [2]
9709/13/O/N/22

16 A function f is defined by f x
= x2 − 2x + 5 for x ∈ >. A sequence of transformations is applied in the

following order to the graph of y = f x
to give the graph of y = g x
.

Stretch parallel to the x-axis with scale factor 12

Reflection in the y-axis

Stretch parallel to the y-axis with scale factor 3

Find g x
, giving your answer in the form ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are constants. [4]
9709/12/F/M/23
17
y

2
y = g x

y = f x

x
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6

−2

−4

−6

The diagram shows graphs with equations y = f x
and y = g x
.

Describe fully a sequence of two transformations which transforms the graph of y = f x
to y = g x
.
[4]

9709/11/M/J/23

18
y

2π

3
2π

1
2π

0 x
1 3 5
0 2π
π 2π 2π 2π

The diagram shows the graph of y = f x
where the function f is defined by

f x
= 3 + 2 sin 41 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π.

(a) On the diagram above, sketch the graph of y = f −1 x
. [2]

 (b) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [2]

(c)
y

2π

3
2π

1
2π

x
− 52 π −2π − 32 π −π − 12 π 0 1
2π
π 3
2π 2π 5
2π

The diagram above shows part of the graph of the function g x
= 3 + 2 sin 41 x for −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π.

Complete the sketch of the graph of g x
on the diagram above and hence explain whether the
function g has an inverse. [2]

(d) Describe fully a sequence of three transformations which can be combined to transform the
graph of y = sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 π to the graph of y = f x
, making clear the order in which the
2
transformations are applied. [6]

9709/12/M/J/23

19
y

B
5

C
4

3
A B′

C′
2

1
A′
0 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

The diagram shows the graph of y = f x
, which consists of the two straight lines AB and BC. The
lines A′ B′ and B′ C′ form the graph of y = g x
, which is the result of applying a sequence of two
transformations, in either order, to y = f x
.

State fully the two transformations. [4]

9709/13/M/J/23
  
20 The graph of y = f x
is transformed to the graph of y = 1 + f 12 x .

Describe fully the two single transformations which have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [4]

9709/12/F/M/20