Cockroach INTRODUCTION . Although there are many species of cockroach but ‘most of them are having no economic importance. Only . few species live near human habitats, Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta : Genus Periplaneta . Common Indian cockroaches : Periplaneta americana, ° Blatta orientalis . Colour : Usually brown or black, but many other coloured cockroaches are also reported. . Length : Yinches to 3 inches (0.6 107.6 cm). . ‘These are cursorial (or running) and nocturnal. These live in area of warmth and dampness. [Following description is in concern with Periplaneta americana ~ the most common cockroach in India} External features . Rody is narrow, elongated and dorso-ventrally Mattened. . Length :3.4 to 53¢m, . Colour : Dark reddish-brown in colout, . Rody is divisible into head, thorax and abdomen. . Rody is metamerically segmented . Usually each segment is covered by 4 ehitinous plates or sclerites ~2 pleurites (lateral), I tergite (dorsal) and 1 sternite (ventral). These sclerites are joined together by arthrodial membrane which is a thin and flexible articular membrane. 1, Head (Formed by fusion of 6 segments) ‘= Triangular or pear shaped head. Head is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of body, + Made up of 6 segments. = Frons, elypeus and labrum are three unpaired — Mandible sclerites which fuse to form the anterior part of head capsule. # These possess tactile (sensitive to touch) and ‘olfactory (sensitive to smell) Compound eyes # Each compound eye of cockroach is having 2000 ‘ommatidia Brotocy 121 ‘Flexible neck provides great mobility to the head so that it can move in all directions. # Head possess following structures ‘ (Antennae © Apairoflong antennae emerging from membranous sockets Maxill imple eyes or ovell A pair of light-sensitive structures but are not concerned with image formation, (iv) Mouth parts ‘These are biting and chewing type. ‘These consistof labrum (upper lip. labium (lower lip), maxillae, mandibles and bypophyamnx (median flexible lobe acting as tongue). A salivary duct ‘opens at the base of the hypopharynx. Sess Tineising region Mandible a Labium la Figs Heud region of eackeoach : (a) parts of head region (b) ‘mouth parts2 Thorax (made up of 3 segments ~ prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax) # Neck is the anterior extension of prothorax. Thorax bears the following structures ( Legs © 1 pair of jointed legs are found in each thoracic segment (6 in number ~ hexapod). (i) Wings © 2 pairs af wings are found : 1 pair of mesothoracie ‘wings or tegmina (dark coloured, opaque and Teathery, meant for covering of hindwings when at rest) and 1 pair of metathoracic wings (thin, ‘membranous and true wings for flying). Abdomen (made up of 10 segments) It is broader in females than males. = Wings extend beyond the abdomen in males, # Abdomen bears the following structures (@ Anal cerei (1 pair) + Anal cerci are jointed filamentous structures that are sensitive to sound and vibrations. Found in both sexes (ii)Anal styles (1 pair) ‘These are short thread like structures that help in copulation. These are found in males only. In females, brood or genital pouch is formed by the sternum of 7 (boat-shaped), 8% and 9" segments. Its anterior part contains — spermathecal pores, female gonopore and collateral glands, + In males, genital pouch or chamber is present at the posterior part of the abdomen. It is covered. a ‘ventrally by the stemum of 9 segment. It possess dorsal anus, ventral male genital pore and ‘gonapophysis (or phallomeres) ly by (erga of 9 ain 10” segnent ail + External features of cockroach Digestive system Fig. Cockroach is an omnivorous animal, Searching of food : By antennee. “Tasting the fod : By maxillary and labial pal. Capturing of food + By forelegs, labrum and labium, Itis divided into 3 regions Foregut of stomodacum Itis lined by cuticle It consists of buccal chamber, pharynx (short tubular), oesophagus (narrow tubular), crop and sizzard Crop : It isa thin walled, large sized pear-shaped sae. Itis the largest part of foregut. It is meant for storage of food, Gizzard (or proventriculus) : It is smsll but thick-walled, It is having thick outer layer of Circular muscles and thick inner cuticle with 6 highly chitinous plates known as teeth. Ibis meant for grinding and erushing of food. Midgut or mesenteron or ventriculus Midgut is having glandular epithelium that secretes many digestive enzymes. 628 hepatic or gastric cecae open at the junction ‘offoregut and midgut. These are blind duets meant for secreting digestive enzymes. 100 ~ 150 yellow coloured, thin filamentous structures known as Malpighian tubules open at the junction of midgut and hindgut, These collect ‘excretory waste from th the same into the hindgut. haemolymph and pour Hindgut or proctodaeum It consists of ileum, colon and rectum. It is broader than midgut. Rectum open outside by anus, Alimentary canal of cockroach 122 NEETBrotocy Respiratory system (tracheal system) It is well-developed and consists of 1. Network of trachea. 2. Tracheoles (thin branching tubes) 43. Spiracles (10 pairs). «Trachea forms a network and its branches reach to every part of the body without involving the circulatory system. Body tissues receive the ‘oxygen by diffusion frem the tracheoles. = Spiracles are equivalent to the nostrils of the human through which the tracheal system open outside to atmosphere. First thoracic and abdominal spiracles remain always open while other are guarded by sphincters or valves Circulatory system # Ibis open type. Blood vessels are poorly developed and the open into haemocoel or open spaces, * Body fluid present in haemocoel is also known as haemolymph. ® Blood is colourless as there is no respiratory pigment, © Blood doesn't perform the function of transporting gases. * Circulatory system consists of heart, aorta, hhaemocoel and haemolymph. = Haemolymph = Colourless plasma + Haemocytes. # Cockroach possess 13 chambered tubules, ‘muscular, elongated and neurogenic heart. * Blood circulation in cockroach is maintained by ‘wing-shaped alary muscles (involuntary). Each chamber of heart receives blood from the sinus through 1 pair of sit like openings ~ ostia, + Flow of blood can be represented as Blood in heart > Pumped into the sinuses > Re- center the heart by ostia -> Again pumped into the Exeretory system # Cockroach is uricateli, * Following are the components of excretary system in the cockroach 1, Malpighian tubules (most important) = These possess ciliated and glandular epithelium, ‘© These extract water and nitrogenous waste from the haemolymph, convert into uric acid and excrete 123 into the hindgut. 2. Fat bodies 3. Nephrocytes 4. Uricose glands, Nervous system © Major part of nervous system is found in ventral part of body except fora small part which is found i head. That's why if the head of the cockroach is cutoff, t will remain alive for about 1 week. * Itconsists of nerve ring around the oesophagus with few ganglion like supra-oesophageal ‘ganglion that act as brain and supply te antennae and compound eyes. This nerve ring is ventrally connected to the paired longitudinal connectives ‘with segmental ganglion. Segmental ganglion ure 9 in number ~ 3 in thorax and 6 in abdomen, Sense organs ‘© Various sense organs are found in cockroach — ‘Compound eye, antennae, maxillary palps, labial palps, anal cerci, anal styles, ete. © Unit of compound eyes : Ommatidium, © With the help of several ommatidia, rultipie images are formed, This vision is known: as mosaic vision which is more sensitive but with less resolution Chambers Fig. Open circulatory system of coekrouchReproduction and development # Cockroach is dioecious with sexual dimorphism. Reproductive system af male cockroach Repraductive system of female cockroach 1 Testis (I pair) T. Ovaries (I pale) - Each testis extend from 4" to 6" abdominal segment = These are located between the 2" to 6" 2. Vasa deferentia (Ips abdominal segments - Each vasa deferens open into the ejaculatory duct via | - Each ovary bears 8 ovarian tubules or seminal vesicle ovarioles, in which the developing eggs are 3. Seminal vesicles (1 pair) arranged in linear manne. = Both seminal vesicles are surrounded by a large | 2. Oviducts (1 pair) number of small finger like processes. This structure is | - All 8 ovatioles from each ovary merge to known as utricular gland or mushroom gland. forma single oviduct ofits own side. = In the seminal vesicles, sperms are stored and glued | 3. Vagina (single) together in the form of spermatophores which are | - The two oviduets unite to form a common discharged during copulation. oviduct or vagina. Vagina opens in genital 4, Mushroom glands or uricular glands chamber. = Located in 6" -7" abdominal segments 4. Spermatheca (1 pair) = Those act as accessory reproductive gland. = These are located in 6" abdominal segment 5, Fjaculatory duet (Single) ‘and open in the genital chamber. = Both seminal vesicles form a single ejaculatory duct |= It is meant for the storage of sperms after ‘which opens in genital chamber. copulation. 6. Genital atrium or genital chamber. 5. Genital chamber 7. External genitalia or Gonapophyses or Phallomeres (3 in| - It is located in the posterior part of the number) abdomen. = There are Three asymmetrical chitinous structures that surround the male gonopor. =_Those structures help in copulation. + lnimales, before copulation the sperms are passed into the seminal vesicles where these form spermatophores. # During copulation, the spermatophore is passed into the spermatheca, whereafter these are stored, ves Alter copulation the two mseets separate ee © These sperms fertilize the eggs. Fertilized exes it phallere are encased in capsules called as ootheca, ext pone * Oothecais dark reddish to blackish brown capsule voters Lenath = 7-8 mm, nl * The ootheca is carried by the female for few days @ (upto 20 days) and finally dropped or glued to a suitable surface with high humidity and food source nearby. + Female produces 9-10 ootheca usually and cack ous of them contains 14 - 16 eggs. ont + From each egg, a nymph emerges out, The nymph is ke the adult hut is af smaller size, white in colour and without wings. The nymph moults 13 times to become adult, Cockroach shows paurometabolic metamorphosis (gradual type of metamorphosis). Harmful aspect : Cockroaches can contaminate fod by their exereta and spread mary bacterial (b) Reproductive system of cackrouch (a) male (b) female Fi diseases. 124 NEETqu Qa Qs a4 as os qz Brotocy EXERCISE Tergum is joined om the sides by Qs (1) Pleuron (Q} Stemum 3) Alimentary canal (4) Muscles Basie unit of compound eyes of Cockroach is: (1) ovselli (2) ommaticia Q) ratinule (4) crystalline cone In cockroach food is crushed in which part (1) Crop Q) Gizzard ) Mesenteron (4) Ocsophagus ‘Number of chambers in the heart of cockroach: Qo as @9 @) 13 ) 16 Collateril glands of cockroach help in (0) Fenilization (2) Formation of ootheca (3) Copulation ~ (4) Formation of oothecal chamber Which of the following correctly identifies the labeled organs in the diagram of digestive system of cockroach? Qu a s ee (2) [Gizrat | Crop | Henaicwssoe [Napishin | Q.12 @) [crop | izzarg | Matpiian | Hepatic (@ [rr | cizaard | Henaicescoe | Naeihion Few mouth parts of cockroach are shown in the diagram. Correctly identify them owid®m ” (I)A=Maxilla, C= Hypopharynx (2) D=Maxilla, E = Labrum ) B= Labrum, C= Labium (4) C~ Hypopharyns, D= Maxilla 125 In the given diagram heat of cockroach is shown with mouth parts which of the following is incorrectly identified (1) E- Mandible (2) FLabrum (3) G—Hypopharynx (4) H - Maxilla Male and female cockroaches can be distingushed externally through ~ (1) Anal styles in male: (2) Anal eerei in female (3) Anal style and antennae in female (4) both (2) and (3) “Assertions(A) - Periplaneta americana is nocturanal ‘omaivorous, house hold pest- Reason(R) ~ It is because it act as seavenger (1D) Ais true but Ris false (2) Ais false but R is true 3) Aand Ris true and R is the right explanation of A (4) And Ris true but R is not correct explanation of A The head of cockroach is hypognathus, oximal part of lower lip of cockroach is called pastmentum, (1) Ifboth Assertion & Reason are True & the reasoe is correct explanation of the Assertion. (2) It both Assertion & Reason are rue but Reaser, is not a correct explanation of the Assertion, (3) If Assertion is True but the Reason is False. (4) If both Assertion & Reason are false. Assertion : Eggs of cockroach are encased in ‘capsules called oothecac. Reason : Ootheca is a dark reddish to blackish brown, capsule, (1) Ifboth Assertion & Reason are True & the reason, is correct explanation of the Assertion (2) If both Assertion & Reason are True but Reasee is not a correct explanation of the Assertion, (2) If Assertion is True but the Reason is False, (4) If both Assertion & Reason are false Assertion : Cockroach shows sexual dimorphism, Reason : The female cockroach bears a pair of short thread like anal styles, (1) If oth Assertion & Reason are True & the reason, is correct explanation af the Assertion, (2) If both Assertion & Reason are Teue but Reasor is not a correct explanation of the Assertion, (3) If Assertion is Truc but the Reason is False. (4) If both Assertion & Reason are falseQus Qus Quis Qu Qs Quy Q20 Qa Q22 Q23 24 Q2s Which are the two cammon indian cackroaches (1) Peripianeta americana and Blatts indica Q) Periplaneta indica and Blatta orientalis G) Periplaneta orientalis und Blatta americana (4) Periplaneta americana and Blata orientalis Cayyen carrying respiratory pigment of excktowch tnd other insect ise (1) Haemoglabin (3) Huemoerythrin (2) Haemoeynin (3) none The dorsal plate of skeleton found on the abdomen of cockroach is called (1) Pleuron @) Tergum Q) Stermum (4) Vertex Which one of the following mouth pars are found in Cockroach ? (1) Cutting and chewing (2) Piercing @) Sucking () Drilling ‘Number of sternum present at the abdomen of female cockroach is Me 27 Bs Ms Which structure is known as lower lip of cockroach ? (1) Labrum Q) Labium| (3) Mantum ) Submentum Hepatic cavca in cockroach are derived from (1) Crop Q) Gizzard @) Midgut (4) Proctodaeum Maximum digestion takes place in which part of cockroach ? (1) In crop (3) In mesenteron Q)InGizzard (4) In oesophagous Oxygen i carried tothe tissues of cockroach by which organ (1) Skin () Plasma (Q) Trachea () Respiratory pigment Allary muscles in cockroach are associated or connected with : (1) trachea. (3) legs 2} heart (4) alimentary canal ve the name at blood vessel, which arises from first chamber of heat in cackroach (1) Nepheoeyte (2) Fenestrae 3) Ostia (4) Anterior aorta Main excretory product of cockroach is (1) Ure Q) Ammania (3) Unie acid (4) Amina acid 0.26 Q27 Q2s Q29 Q30 O31 32 033 Qt w Q35 Function of Malpighian tubules of cockroach (1) Digestion (2) Respiration (3) Exeretion (4) Reproduction ‘Ootheeu is farmed in eovekrouch by (1) Phallie Gland (2) Conglubate gland (3) Usiiculat gland (4) Collateral Gland Conglobate gland is found in the reproductive organs of (1) Barth worm (3) Male cockroach 2) Housefly (4) Female cockroach How many ovarioles are found in each overy of ‘cockroach ? 3 26 GS HI6 Hepatic caecae in cockroach are derived From (L) Crop (2) Gizzard G) Midgut (4) Hind gut “he number of teth in the pizzard of cockroach is- (6 @s Q)7 (4) 12 How many salivary glands are Found in cockroach- (i) One pair (2) Two pairs (3) Three pairs (4) One pair of bilobed structure ‘The total no of ganglia present on the nerve cord of ‘cockroach aes (3) 10 eo (4) 12 Which of the followi of cockroach? Bd -te In the given diagram, external features of evekroach are shown, Correctly identify the set of labelled parts figures shows the mandibles NEET 126Q.36 Qa7 Q38 39 Qo Qat Qa Qa Brotocy (1) 1 -Antennae, 8- Hindwing, 10 - Anal cer. Q.44 Read the given paragraph (2) 3 - Pronotum, 4 - Metathroax, 7 — Tegmina "It is lined by glandular ard ciated cells. It absorbs (3)2—Compound eye, 3 - Metathorax, 9 - Abdomer. nitrogenous waste products from haemocoel and (4) 3 Pronotum, § - Metathorax, 6 ~ Tegmina ccorvert them into uric acid whick is excreted out thougk the kindgut.” In the mouth parts of a cockroach, the labium forms Which of the following, structures of cockroach is _(i)___ while __(i)___acts as a tongue. referred here? DG ~ upper lip, (ii)- maxilla (1) Trachea (2) Hepatic caecum (2) (0) upper lip; (ii) - typopharynx (3) Tergum (4) Malpighian tubule G) Gi) ~ lower lip: (i) - maxilla (4G) lower lip; (i) - hypopharymx Q.45 Number of ommatidia in each compound eye of, ‘cockroach Dorsally placed sclerites in cockroach are termed as (1) 800 (2) 1000 (3) 2000 (4) 4000 (i) Sternites (2) Tergites (3) Anthrodial membrane (4) Spiracles. Q.46 Mouth parts of cockroach are of - (1) Sponging type Male cockroach differs from female cockroach in (2) Siphoning type having (3) Chewing and lapping type (1) antennae 2) labrum (4) Biting and chewing type G3) maxillae 4) anal styles. Q.47 Which of the following is correct for the common Which of the following features is not related to ‘cockroach? cockroach? (1) Malpighian tubules are excretory organs projecting (1) Body divisible into head, thorax and abdomen ‘out from the colon, (2) Two paits of wings are found (2) Oxygen is transported by haemogtobin in blood. G) Three pairs of jointed legs are present on abdomen G) Nitrogenous excretory product is urea, (4) Presence of anal cerci in both sexes, (4) The food is grinded by mankibles and gizzard. Choose the incorrect pair from the matches given’ Q.48 Male reproductive system of cockroach is shown ir below. the given diagram, (1) Antennae ~ Sensory receptors 2) Metathoracic wings - Flying J G) Malpighian tubule = Exeretion 3 (4) Ceo, = Food grinding ‘ [A pair of spermatheeae is found in cockroach in (1) 2 abdominal segment (2) 3° abdominal segment ) 6%abdominal segment Select the option with incorrect identification of (4) 8%abdominal segment. labellings (1) 2- Phallie gland, 4 - Long tubules Capsule that encloses the eggs in Periplaneta (2) | - Testis, 5 - Seminal vesicles americana is known as 3) 3 - Small tubules, 6 - Vas deferens (1) Ootheca (2) Spermatophore (4) 1 -Phallic gland, 7 - Ejaculatory duct G) Ege capsule (A) Spiracke Q49 Which of the following statements is correct, In the given diagram of female reproductive system, regarding cockroach? ‘hich labelled organ performs the function of storage (1) It possesses ventral nerve cord, of sperms after copulation ? (2) lis spiracles help in excretion (G) Phallomere is present in female cockroach, (4) Compound eye is also called as ocellus, Q.80. In cockroach, brain is represented by ie (1) Supre-cesophageal ganglia ° (2) Sub-vesophageal ganglia oe (2) Circumpharyngeal nerve ring me ec ex ae (4) Supra-pharyngeal ganglion, 127QS1 What will happen iThetd of cockroach is cut off? SS _ Incorrect about forewings in cockroach is (1) No effect (1) Mesothoracic (2) It will die immediately (2) Thick and leathery (3) twill romain alive for few hours 2) Protective (4) If will remain alive for a weak. (4) Cover the hindwings during flight. Q.52 Study the given figure of reproductive systemofmale Q.56 Out of the following structures, how many belong to cockrosch. In which of the labelled parts are the tale and female cockroach, respectively ? sperms stored? (i) Anal style (ii) Anal cerei . (ii) Gevitat pouch (iv) Wings beyond abdomen . (¥) Arthrodial membrane (1) Sand 3 (2)4 and 3 WC ()3am3 Sands WMA @B Q.57 In female cockroach, genital (or brood) pouch @c @D possess> (1) Collateral glands only Q.53 Circulatory systemof cockroach is shown in diagram {@) Female gonopore ony Tecatify the labeling (1 - 3) {G) Female gonopore + collateral glands i (@) Female eonopore + collateral glands ~ spermathecal : poses Q.58 Crop in cockroach is meant for (1) Storing of food 5 (2) Crushing of food (3) Sceretion of neutralizing fluid (4) Secretion of digestive juice T z z Q.59 In male cockroach, genital pouch consists of [Wena nora [alary mle | Vente (2) Dorsal anus @)_ | Wenricies [Chambers of fea [lary musics (2) Dorsal anus and gnapophysis| 5 . Chamber @) Dareal anus, ennapanhysie and male genital pore G)_| Anterior aorta} Alary muscles] heart (4) Gonapophysis and male genital pore. (o_[ Aneror ona | Chamber ator [ lary muscles 0.60 The body cells in cockroach discharge their ss types Syed AMM tg Nexronch are nirogenons wasn he aemolmph any he respectively ee (1) Simple eye‘and simple vision 1 Ot an carbonate @) Simple eyes and mosaic vision ° (3) Ammonia (3) Compound eyes and mosaic vision OTe ate (4) Compound eyes and simple vision ANSWER KEY a1) 922) 34 e4Q) OSH) —QH4)—T7)~—GKG)-—QBG)—QaHG) Q(2)— Q12(2) Q13(3)Q.14(4) QS 4} Q.16(3) QTC) QB) Q.19(2), Q.20(2) 0212) 02@) 924) 924) 256) O26) 0276) O28) 0292) 0308) 313) Q.32) — Q.33(3) 342) Q.35(1} — Q.36(2) 3702) 384) Q.39(3) Q.40(4) Q41G) 421) Q.4313) 444) 453} O46) 474) 484) O49) Q.50C) Q514) — Q.52(2) Q53(3) S403) 5514} Q.56(1) S704) Q.58(1) 5913). Q.60 (4), 128 Neer