ie,lsh hq;=hs

 fuu m%Yak m;%h iuÕ wdj¾;s;d j.=jla imhd we;'  .Kl hka;% Ndú;hg bv fokq fke,efí'
 ishÆu m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'  W;a;r m;%fha kshñ; ia:dkfha Tfí úNd. wxlh ,shkak'
 1 isg 50 f;la jQ tla tla m%Yakhg ^1&" ^2&" ^3&" ^4&" ^5& hk ms<s;=rej,ska ksjeros fyda b;du;a .e,fmk fyda f;dardf.k " th
W;a;r m;%fha msgqmi oelafjk Wmfoia mrsos l;srhla fhdod olajkak'
id¾j;% jdhq ksh;h R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1 / wej.dâfrda ksh;h NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol−1 $ma,dkala ksh;h h = 6.626 x 10−34 JS $
wdf,dalfha m%fõ.h C = 3 x 108 mS−1

1' my; oelafjk I yd II m%ldY i,lkak'

I - msßyqKq ldlaIslj, Yla;sh wju jkafka iudk N%uKhlska hq;a bf,lafg%dak ixLHdj Wmßu jk
úgh'
II - hï mrudKqjl we;s bf,lafg%dak folgu tlu lafjdkagï wxl l=,lhla mej;sh fkdyel'
fuu I iy II m%ldY j,ska fokq ,nk kS;s bÈßm;a l< úoHd{hka fofokd ms<sfj,ska"
1. w¾kiaÜ ro¾*¾â iy fykaß fnlr,a 2' w¾kiaÜ ro¾*¾â iy yqkaâ
3' kS,ia fnda¾ yd fjd,a*[Link].a mõ,s 4' yqkaâ iy fjd,a*[Link].a mõ,s
5' yqkaâ yd ã fn%da.a,s

2. mrudKqjl m%Odk lafjdkagï wxlh n = 4 yd wdYs%; Wmßu ldlaIsl ixLHdj jkqfha"

1' 16 2. 14 3. 12 4' 9 5' 4

3. khsÜfrdakshï whkh [𝑁 + 𝑂2 / (𝑂 − 𝑁 − 𝑂)+ ] g we¢h yels iïm%hqla; jHqy .Kk jkqfha"

1' 2 2. 3 3. 4 4' 5 5' 6

4. my; § we;s [Link] IUPAC kduh l=ulao@

𝐹𝑒𝐶2 𝑂4
1' iron(II) carbonate 2. iron carbonate 3. iron(II) dicarbontetroxide
4' iron(III) oxalate 5' iron(II) oxalate

5. úoHq;a RK;dfõ jeäu fjkila we;s uQ,øjH hq.,h y÷[Link]'

1. C yd P 2. C yd N 3. Si yd N 4. C yd Si 5. B yd Si

1
 𝐻 𝑂 𝐻
| | |
6. 1 2
(𝑁𝐻2 )2 𝐶𝑂 wKqfõ ^iels,a,( 𝐻 − 𝑁 − 𝐶 − 𝑁 − 𝐻 & khsg%cka iy ldnka hk mrudKq fol wjg

( 𝑁1 yd 𝐶 2 f,i f,an,a lr we;' ) bf,lafg%dak hq.,a cHdñ;sh yd yevh ms<sfj,ska jkqfha"

𝑁1 𝐶2
^1& p;=i;
a ,Sh msróvdldr ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr
^2& p;=i;
a ,Sh msróvdldr ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr fldaKsl
^3& msróvdldr ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr fldaKsl
^4& ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr msróvdldr ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr
^5& p;=i;
a ,Sh msróvdldr fldaKsl ;,Sh ;s%fldaKdldr

7. my; oelafjk m%ldY w;ßka ´fidaka ms<sn|j jerÈ m%ldYh l=ulao@

1. ´fidakays uOH mrudKqj 𝑠𝑝2 uqyqïlrKh ù we;'
2. ´fidakays ´kEu Tlaic s ka mrudKq folla w;r nkaOk È. tlu [Link] .kS'
3. ´fidakays 𝑂 − 𝑂 − 𝑂 nkaOk fldaKh 1200 g jvd l=vdh'
4. ´fidakays iïm%hqla; uqyqu my; § we;s wdldrhg fmkajkq ,efí'

5. ´fidakays Tlaiscka mrudKq ish,a,u tlu ;,hl msysghs'

8. 𝑀𝑛𝑂2 , idkaø 𝐻𝐶𝑙 iu`. m%;sls%hdfjka 𝑀𝑛𝐶𝑙2 , 𝐶𝑙2 yd 𝐻2 𝑂 ,nd foa' ixY=oaO 𝑀𝑛𝑂2 43.5 𝑔 yd
𝐻𝐶𝑙 1.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 wvx.= ødjKhla m%;sls%hd lsÍug ie,iQ úg" iïmQ¾Kfhka jehjk m%;sls%hlh ^fuh
iSudldÍ m%;sls%hlh f,i idudkHfhka ye¢kafõ'& yd 𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) iEfok m%udK ms<sfj,ska jkqfha" ^ujq,sl
ialkaO" 𝑀𝑛 = 55 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 , 𝑂 = 16 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 , 𝐻 = 1 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 , 𝐶𝑙 = 35.5 &
1. 𝑀𝑛𝑂2 iy 21.3 g 2. 𝐻𝐶𝑙 iy 21.3 g 3. 𝑀𝑛𝑂2 iy 35.5 g
4. 𝐻𝐶𝑙 iy 35.5 g 5. 𝐻𝐶𝑙 iy 85.2 g

9. mßmQ¾K jdhq iólrKh" 𝑃 = 𝐶𝑅𝑇 wdldrfhka oelaúh yel' fuys 𝐶 hkq idkaøKh o" 𝑃 hkq mSvkh
(𝑃𝑎) yd 𝑇 hkq WIaK;ajh (𝐾) o fõ' 𝑅 ys tall 𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 𝐾 −1 kï" iólrKfha 𝐶 ys tall úh hq;af;a"
1. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚−3 2. 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 3. 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚−3 4. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 5. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚−3

10' yhsv%hsvj, øjdxlh wvqjk ms<sfj, jkqfha"

1. HF > 𝐻2 𝑂 > 𝑁𝐻3 > 𝐶𝐻4 2. 𝐻2 𝑂 > 𝐻𝐹 > 𝑁𝐻3 > 𝐶𝐻4
3. 𝐻2 𝑂 > 𝑁𝐻3 > 𝐻𝐹 > 𝐶𝐻4 4. 𝐶𝐻4 > 𝑁𝐻3 > 𝐻𝐹 > 𝐻2 𝑂
5. 𝐻𝐹 > 𝐻2 𝑂 > 𝐶𝐻4 > 𝑁𝐻3

11. 𝑁𝐻2− , 𝑁𝐻3 , 𝑁𝐻4+ iy 𝑁𝐶𝑙3 hk ridhksl úfYaI khsg%cka mrudKqfõ (𝑁) úoHq;a RK;dj jeäjk
ms<sfj,g ieliQ úg ksjerÈ ms<s;=r jkqfha"
1. 𝑁𝐻2− < 𝑁𝐻3 < 𝑁𝐻4+ < 𝑁𝐶𝑙3 2. 𝑁𝐻2− < 𝑁𝐶𝑙3 < 𝑁𝐻3 < 𝑁𝐻4+
3. 𝑁𝐻2− < 𝑁𝐻3 < 𝑁𝐶𝑙3 < 𝑁𝐻4+ 4. 𝑁𝐻4+ < 𝑁𝐻3 < 𝑁𝐶𝑙3 < 𝑁𝐻2−
5. 𝑁𝐻4+ < 𝑁𝐶𝑙3 , 𝑁𝐻3 , < 𝑁𝐻2−

2
12. my; i|yka l=uk ms<s;=r 250 𝐶 ys we;s 𝐻2 yd 𝑂2 hk jdhqkaf.a j¾. uOHkH uQ, fõ. w;r wkqmd;h
,nd fohs o@ (𝐻 = 1 , 𝑂 = 16)
1 1
1. 4 2. 16 3. 16
4. 4 5. 2
13. my; olajd we;s m%;sls%hdfõ M, jkqfha"
𝑀𝑔(𝑠) + idkaø 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 (𝑎𝑞) → M,
1. 𝑀𝑔(𝑁𝑂3 )2 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑁𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙) 2. 𝑀𝑔(𝑁𝑂3 )2 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑁𝑂(𝑔) + 𝐻2 𝑂(l)
3. 𝑀𝑔(𝑁𝑂2 )2 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑁𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙) 4. 𝑀𝑔(𝑁𝑂3 )2 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2 (𝑔) + 𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙)
5. 𝑀𝑔(𝑁𝑂3 )2 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻𝑁𝑂2 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙)

14. my; olajk tajdhska ksjerÈ m%ldYh y÷[Link]'

1. 𝐻2 𝑆 ys nkaOk fldaKh 𝐻2 𝑂 ys nkaOk fldaKhg jvd úYd, fõ'
2. 15 ldKavfha ´kEu uQ,øjHhlg iEÈh yels Wmßu 𝜎 nkaOk ixLHdj 5 ls'
3. fojk ldKavfha ish¨ uQ, øjH [Link],fha § 𝑁2 (𝑔) iu`. m%;sls%hd lrhs'
4. jeämqr 𝑂2 jdhqj yuqfõ 𝐿𝑖 , 𝐿𝑖2 𝑂2 idohs'
5. 𝐴𝑙 idok wiïmQ¾K wIaGl iys; ixfhda. c,Sh ødjKfha § oaú wjhúl idohs'

15. 298 𝐾 § my; § we;s o;a; i<lkak'

1 1
𝑁 (𝑔) + 𝑂 (𝑔) → 𝑁𝑂(𝑔) ∆𝐻0 = 90.25 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
2 2 2 2
1
𝑁 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝑁𝑂2 (𝑔) ∆𝐻0 = 33.18 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
2 2
by; o;a; wkqj"
1
𝑁𝑂(𝑔) + 2
𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝑁𝑂2 (𝑔) hk m%;sls%hdj i|yd ∆𝐻 𝜃 ys w.h jkqfha"
1. −57.07 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 2. 57.07 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 3. 123.43 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
4. −123.43 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 5. 23.89 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1

16. A kue;s øjH jdIamslrKfha § my; iu;=,s;;dj yg .kS'

A(l) ⇌ 𝐴(𝑔)
fuu øjfha jdIamSlrKfha tka;e,ams fjki yd jdIamSlrKfha tkafg%dms fjki ms<sfj,ska
44.76 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 yd 120.0 𝐽 𝐾 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 fõ' øjfhys ;dmdxlh jkqfha"
1. 493 0 𝐶 2. 275.6 0 𝐶 3. −272.6 0 𝐶 4. 373 0 𝐶 5. 100 0 𝐶

17. ldnka (𝐶) j, nyqrEmS wdldr ms<sn|j jerÈ m%ldYh l=ulao@

1. Èhuka;s" ñksrka iu mrudKql oe,sia jHqy j,ska iukaú; fõ'
2. ñksrka fyd| úoHq;a ikakdhlhla fukau ;dm ikakdhlhla o fõ'
3. ñksrka ;s%udk oe,sila jk w;r" ñksrka ys 𝐶 𝑠𝑝2 uqyqïlrKfha mj;S'
4. ñksrkaj, C - C nkaOk È. Èhuka;sj, C - C nkaOk È.g jvd wvqh'
5. *q,Íkaj, C mrudKq [Link],dldrj tflfklg iïnkaO ú mj;S'

18. lsishï WIaK;ajhl § 𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) , 𝑂2 (𝑔) iu`. m%;sls%hd lr M, f,i 𝑆𝑂3 (𝑔) muKla ,nd foa' ksh;
mSvkhl § yd wod< WIaK;ajfha § 𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) 8 𝑑𝑚3 yd 𝑂2 (𝑔) 10 𝑑𝑚3 la m%;sls%hdl, úg ñY%Kfha
wjidk mßudj jkqfha"

1. 18 𝑑𝑚3 2. 10 𝑑𝑚3 3. 20 𝑑𝑚3 4. 14 𝑑𝑚3 5. 13 𝑑𝑚3

3
19. f¾pkh lrk ,o oDG n÷kla ;=<g 𝐴(𝑔) yd 𝐷(𝑔) ys ñY%Khla WIaK;ajh 𝑇 ys § we;=,a lrk ,§'
fuu WIaK;ajfha § 𝐴(𝑔) yd 𝐷(𝑔) hk folu my; § we;s m%;sls%hd wkqj úfhdackh fõ'
2𝐴 (𝑔) → 𝐵(𝑔) + 3 𝐶(𝑔)
𝐷(𝑔) ⟶ 𝐵(𝑔) + 2 𝐶 (𝑔)
n÷fkys wdrïNl mSvkh 𝑃, m%;s%ls%hl fol iïmQ¾Kfhka úfhdackh jQ miq 2.7 𝑃 olajd fjkia úh'
fuu WIaK;ajfha § 𝐴(𝑔) yd 𝐷(𝑔) ys wdrïNl wdxYsl mSvk w;r wkqm;h jkqfha"
1. 2 / 1 2. 10/3 3. 1/27 4. 3/10 5. 3/7

20. mykais¿ mßCIdfõ § ks,aoï meyehla f.k fokafka"

1. 𝐿𝑖𝐶𝑙 2. 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 3. 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 4. 𝐶𝑠𝐶𝑙 5. 𝐾𝐶𝑙

21' wdï,sl udOHfha § 𝐻2 𝑂2 ødjKhlska 25 𝑐𝑚3 TlaislrKh i|yd 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 ødjK
20 𝑐𝑚3 la wjYH fõ' 𝐻2 𝑂2 ys idkaøKh jkqfha" (𝑀𝑛𝑂4− → 𝑀𝑛2+ , 𝐻2 𝑂2 → 𝑂2 )
1. 0.08 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 2. 0.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 3. 0.016 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3
4. 0.125 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 5. 0.4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3

22. my; wKq i,lkak'

𝑁𝐹3 , 𝐶𝐹2 𝐶𝑙2 , 𝑂𝐶𝑙2
by; iEu wKqjlu uOH mrudKqj jgd msysgk mrudKq fjkqjg 𝐻 mrudKq wdfoaY l<fyd;a tla tla
wKqfõ uOH mrudKqfõ TlaislrK wxlh ms<sfj,ska"
1. jeäfõ" fjkia fkdfõ" wvqfõ 2. fjkia fkdfõ" fjkia fkdfõ" fjkia fkdfõ'
3. wvqfõ" jeäfõ" fjkia fkdfõ 4. wvqfõ" wvqfõ" fjkia fkdfõ
5. wvqfõ" wvqfõ" jeäfõ

23. my; [Link];s j,ska jerÈ [Link];sh jkqfha"

1. 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 j, Ndiañl;djh 𝑀𝑔(𝑂𝐻)2 j, Ndiañl;djhg jvd jeäh'
2. m<uq ldKavfha my<g h;au yhsfv%dlaihsvj, iyixhqc iajNdjh jeäfõ'
3. 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 g jvd 𝑁𝑎𝐼 ys c, ødjH;djh jeä h'
4. 𝐴𝑙 ys yhsfv%dlaihsvh Niau iu`. m%;sls%hd lrhs'
5. 𝐴𝑙 ys yhsfv%dlaihsvh wï, iu`. m%;sls%hd lrhs'

24. tla;rd 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 ødjKhl idkaøKh 1 x 10−3 mol dm−3 fõ' tys ixhq;sh 𝑝𝑝𝑚 j,ska jkqfha"
(𝑁𝑎 = 23 , 𝐶𝑙 = 35.5)(1 𝑝𝑝𝑚 = 1 𝑚𝑔 𝑑𝑚−3 )
1. 58.5 x 10−3 2. 0.585 3. 5.85 4. 58.5 5. 585

25. 𝐾𝐼𝑂3 wvx.= ksheÈhlska 1𝑔 Èhlr idod.;a ødjKhla jeämqr 𝐾𝐼 wvx.= wdï,sl ødjKhla iu`. msßhï
lrk ,§' uqla; jQ whãka 0.003 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 ødjKhla yd m%;sls%hd lrjk ,§' wjYH jQ
𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 mßudj 25 𝑐𝑚3 úh' ksheÈfha jQ 𝐾𝐼𝑂3 ys ilakaO m%;sY;h jkqfha" (𝐾𝐼𝑂3 = 214)
^fuys§ 𝐻 + / 𝐼𝑂3− → 𝐼2 iy 𝐼 − → 𝐼2 , 𝑆2 𝑂32− + 𝐼2 → 𝑆4 𝑂62− + 𝐼 − &

1' 1.605 x 10−2 2. 1.605 3. 3.21 4. 2.675 x 10−3 5. 2.675 x 10−1

4
26. 𝑀𝑔𝑂 (𝑠) W;amdokhg wod< fndaka- fyan¾ pl%fhys wvx.= fkdjkafka my; i"yka l=uk m%;sls%hd
mshjro@
1
1' 𝑀𝑔(𝑠) → 𝑀𝑔(𝑔) 2. 2
𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝑂(𝑔) 3. 𝑀𝑔2+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑂2− (𝑎𝑞) → 𝑀𝑔𝑂 (𝑠)
1
4. 𝑂(𝑔) + 𝑒 → 𝑂 − (𝑔) 5. Mg(s) + 2
𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝑀𝑔𝑂(𝑠)

27. 𝐶𝑂2 ys l,dm igyk my; oelafõ'

𝐶𝑂2 ys wjê WIaK;ajh jkqfha"

1' 30.980 𝐶 2. 25.00 𝐶 3. 00 𝐶 4. −56.40 𝐶 5. −78.50 𝐶

28. 300𝐾 § jdhq y;rla i|yd uelaiafj,a fnda,aÜiaudka fõ. jHdma;sh my; oelafõ'

fuu 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 jdhq y;r ms<sfj,ska jkqfha"

1' 𝐻2 (𝑔), 𝑁2 (𝑔) , 𝑂2 (𝑔) , 𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) 2. 𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔), 𝑂2 (𝑔) , 𝑁2 (𝑔) , 𝐻2 (𝑔)
3. 𝐻2 (𝑔), 𝑁2 (𝑔) , 𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) , 𝑂2 (𝑔) 4. 𝐻2 (𝑔), 𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) , 𝑁2 (𝑔) , 𝑂2 (𝑔)
5. 𝑂2 (𝑔) , 𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔), 𝑁2 (𝑔) , 𝐻2 (𝑔)

29. fojk yd ;=kajk wdj¾;j, uQ,øjHj, bf,lafg%dak lrK tka;e,amsh iïnkaOfhka ksjerÈ jkafka
l=ulao@
1. iïu; wjia:dfõ we;s jdhquh wKq ujq,hla bf,lafg%dak ujq,hla m%;s.%yKh lr iïu; wjia:dfõ
we;s tal RK whk ujq,hla iE§fï § isÿjk tka;e,ams fjkihs'
2. 𝐹 jvd;a úoHq;a RK neúka thg by<u bf,lafg%dak lrK tka;e,amsh we;'
3. by<u bf,lafg%dalrK tka;e,amsh we;af;a 𝐶𝑙 gh'
4. fuh bf,lafg%dak nkaOq;djh f,i o ye¢kafõ'
5. 𝑀𝑔 jeks mrudKqjlg w¾O mQ¾K ia:dhs bf,lafg%dak úkHdihla we;s neúka bf,lafg%daklrK
tka;e,amsh RK [Link] fõ'
5
30. my; iïuq;Ska w;ßka ksjerÈ jkafka"

1. iuia: ;dm ridhksl iólrKhla lsishï ixLHdjlska .=K lrk ,oafoa kï" tka;e,ams fjki o
tu ixLHdfjka .=K l< hq;=h'
2. m%;sls%hdjl tka;e,ams úm¾hdifha tallh m%;sls%hdjg iyNd.s jk ujq, .Kk wkqj fjkia fõ'
3. m%;sls%hdjla m%;sj¾;kh l< úg ∆𝐻 ys i<l=K yd úYd,;ajh hk folu udre fõ'
4. ∆𝐻 ys w.h m%;sls%hlj, yd M,j, fN!;sl wjia:dj wkqj fjkia fkdfõ'
5. ∆𝐻 𝜃 ys i<l=K RK fõ kï" m%;sls%hdj ;dm wjfYdaIl fõ'

 wxl 31 isg 40 f;la tla tla m%Yakh i|yd oS we;s (a), (b), (c) iy (d) hk m%;spdr y;r w;=frka
tlla fyda jeä ixLHdjla fyda ksjerosh' ksjeros m%;spdrh $ m%;spdr ljf¾ oehs f;dard .kak'
(a) iy ( b) muKla ksjeros kï ( 1 ) u; o
(b) iy ( c) muKla ksjeros kï ( 2 ) u; o
(c) iy ( d) muKla ksjeros kï ( 3 ) u; o
(a) iy (d) muKla ksjeros kï ( 4 ) u; o

fjk;a m%;spdr ixLHdjla fyda ixfhdackhla fyda ksjeros kï ^5& u; o W;a;r m;%fhys oelafjk
Wmfoia mrsos ,lKq lrkak'

by; Wmfoia iïmsKavkh

1 2 3 4 5
(a) iy (b) (b) iy (c) (c) iy (d) (d) iy (a) fjk;a m%;spdr
muKla muKla muKla muKla ixLHdjla fyda
ksjeroshs ksjeroshs ksjeroshs ksjeroshs ixfhdackhla
fyda ksjeroshs

31. s [Link]õ uQ,øjH idok ixfhda. ms<sn|j my; i|yka l=uk m%ldYh $ m%ldY ksjerÈ fõo@
(a) fojk ldKavfha ish¨ nhsldnfkag ^yhsv%cka ldnfkag& >k ;;ajfhka .; yel'
(b) 𝐿𝑖𝐻𝐶𝑂3 >k ;;ajfhka ,nd .; fkdyel'
(c) fojk ldKavfha ish¨ ldnfkag ;dmhg wia:dhs fõ'
(d) 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 ;dmh yuqfõ úfhdackfhka 𝑁𝑂2 (𝑔) ,nd .; yel'

32. my; l=uk [Link];sh i;H fõo@

a) tka;e,amsh wjia:d Ys%;hla jk w;r ú;a;s .=Khls'
b) ;dmk wjia:d Ys%;hla fkdjk w;r igkd .=Khls'
c) >k;ajh ú;a;s .=Khla fõ'
d) ujq,sl tka;e,amsh wjia:d Ys%;hla jk w;r igk .=Khls'

33. wod< tka;e,ams úm¾hdih yd ksjerÈ iólrKh oelafjkafka"

(a) iïu; mrudKql tka;e,amsh 𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) → 2𝐶𝑙 (𝑔)
(b) iïu; ødjK tka;e,amsh 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑠) + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
(c) iïu; WodiSkl s rK tka;e,amsh 𝐻 + (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑂𝐻 − (𝑎𝑞) → 𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙)
(d) iïu; ú,hk tka;e,amsh 𝐴𝑙 (𝑠) → 𝐴𝑙 (𝑙)

6
34. my; m%;sls%hd w;ßka ksjerÈ jkafka l=ulao@ l=uk tajdo@
(a) 2 𝑁𝑎 (𝑠) + 𝐻2 (𝑔) → 2 𝑁𝑎𝐻 (𝑠)
(b) 6 𝑁𝑎(𝑠) + 𝑁2 (𝑔) → 2 𝑁𝑎3 𝑁 (𝑠)
(c) 4 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 (𝑠) → 2 𝑁𝑎2 𝑂 (𝑠) + 4𝑁𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔)
(d) 2 𝐿𝑖𝑁𝑂3 (𝑠) → 2𝐿𝑖𝑁𝑂2 (𝑠) + 𝑂2 (𝑔)

35. fojk ldKavfha ,jKj, ødjH;djh iïnkaOfhka ksjerÈ jkafka"

(a) 𝐵𝑒𝐶𝑂3 yer ish¨ ldnfkag wødjH fõ'
(b) ish¿ i,af*ag wødjH fõ'
(c) ldKavfha my<g h;au i,af*ag j, ødjH;dj wvqfõ'
(d) ish¨ khsfÜ%g ødjH fõ'

36. ú;a;s .=Khla jkafka"

(a) mßudj (b) ujq, m%udKh (c) WIaK;ajh (d) ujq,sl mßudj

37. úoHq;a pqïNl ;rx. iïnkaOfhka my; l=uk m%ldYh ksjerÈ fõo@
(a) ßla;h ;=< wdf,dalh fõ.fhka m%pdrKh fõ'
(b) fïjdfha úoHq;a yd pqïNl lafIa;% foflys foda,k ;rx. m%pdrKh jk ÈYdjg iudka;r fõ'
(c) úúO úoHq;a pqïNl úlsrK tlsfklska fjkia jkafka tajdfha fõ. tlsfklg fjkia ksidh'
(d) fuu ;rx. wdj¾;s; fõ'

38. iyixhqc" whksl yd odhl iyixhqc hk nkaOk ish,a, wvx.= wKqjla $ wKq jkafka"
(a) 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂2 (b) 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 (c) (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝐶𝑂3 (d) 𝑁𝐻3 𝐵𝐹3

39. 2 𝐻2 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) → 2 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑔) ; ∆𝐻 𝜃 = −483.7 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

by; ;dm ridhksl iólrKfhka w¾:l:kh l< yelafla"
(a) m%;sls%hd ujq,hlg 483.7 𝑘𝐽 la ksoyia fõ'
(b) jehjk 𝐻2 (𝑔), ujq, 2 lg 483.7 𝑘𝐽 ksoyia fõ'
(c) jehjk 𝐻2 (𝑔), ujq, 1 lg 483.7 𝑘𝐽 ksoyia fõ'
(d) iEfok c, jdIam ujq, 1 lg 483.7 𝑘𝐽 ksoyia fõ'

40. f,dayl nkaOk iïnkaOfhka ksjerÈ jkafka"

(a) Ok whk úYd,j;au f,dayl nkaOkfha bf,lafg%dak >k;ajh jeäfõ'
(b) oe,si ia:dhsjk mßÈ ip, bf,lafg%dak j,dj iuia: oe,si mqrd wkjr;j p,kh fõ'
(c) mruKqjlska imhk bf,lafg%dak .Kk jeäj;au f,dayl nkaOkfha m%n,;dj jeäfõ'
(d) CIdÍh f,day yd CIdr mdxY= f,dayj, § mrudKqfõ whksl iajNdjh f,dayl nkaOkh i|yd
m%n, n,mEula lrhs'

7
 wxl 41 isg 50 f;la tla m%Yakhla i|yd m%ldY folla bosrsm;a lr we;' tu m%ldY hq.,u fyd|skau
.e,fmkqfha my; oelafjk mrsos (1), (2), (3), (4) iy (5) hk m%;spdr j,ska ljr m%;spdrh oehs f;dard
W;a;r m;%fha WÑ; f,i ,l=Kq lrkak'
m%;spdrh m<uqjeks m%ldYh fojeks m%ldYh
1 i;Hh i;H jk w;r m<uq m%
ldYh ksjerosj myod fohs
2 i;Hh i;H jk w;r m<uq m%ldYh ksjerosj myod fkdfoa
3 i;Hh wi;Hh
4 wi;Hh i;Hh
5 wi;Hh wi;Hh

m<uq m%ldYh fojeks m%ldYh

41. 𝐵𝑟2 g jvd 𝐼𝐶𝑙 ys ;dmdxlh jeäh' 𝐵𝑟2 ks¾O%eùh wKqjls' 𝐼𝐶𝑙 O%eùh wKqjls' tys
oaúO%ej oaúO%ej wdl¾IK mj;S'
42. lef;dav lsrK pqïNl lafIa;%fha § pqïNl lef;dav lsrK RK wdfrdams;hs'
O%ej fj;g W;al%uKh fõ'
43. ndu¾ fY%aKsfha m<uq f¾Ldfõ ;rx. wdhduh ndu¾ iy ,hsudka fY%aKs ie,lSfï § by< ;rx.
,hsudka fY%aKsfha m<uq f¾Ldfõ ;rx. wdhdu mrdihl msysgd we;af;a ,hsudka fY%aKsh
wdhduhg jvd wvqh' h'
44. tlu wdj¾;fha jfï isg ol=Kg h;au tlu wdj¾;fha jfï isg ol=Kg h;au
bf,lafg%dak .Kk jeä jk ksid ksjdrl mrudKqj, wrh wvqjk ksid iM, kHIaál
wdprKh jeäfõ' wdfrdamKh wvqfõ'
45. ridhksl nkaOk iE§u i|yd ixhqc;d ljp bf,lafg%dak yjqf,a ;nd .ekSfuka iyixhqc
bf,lafg%dak iyNd.s fõ' nkaOk we;sfõ'
46. ;=,s; ridhksl iólrKhl fomi msysá wKq ;=,s; ridhksl iólrKhl fomi ialkaO
ixLHdj yd wdfrdamKh iudk úh hq;=h' iudkh'
47. øjhla th wvx.= n÷fka yevh .kS' kuq;a øjhl yevh flfrys .=re;ajc n,h n,mdhs'
n÷k mqrd me;sÍula fkdfõ'
48. idkaøKh okakd ødjK ms<sfh, lsÍug wï,hla ;kql lsÍfï § okakd wï, mßudjlg
mßudñ;sl ma,dial=j Ndú;d fõ' c,h tl;= lsÍu isÿfõ'
49. m%n, wï, - m%n, Niau WodiSkslrK ÿn, wï, yd ÿn, Niau j, WodiSkslrK
tka;e,amsh ksh;hls' tka;e,amsh m%n, wï, yd Niau j,g jvd ;rula
fjkia fõ'
50. 𝑠 [Link]õ uQ,øjH Tlaisydrl f,i ls%hd we;eï ;;a;aj hgf;a § 𝑠 [Link]õ 𝐼 ldKavfha
lrhs' f,day bf,lafg%dak ,ndf.k Tlaiys rKh fõ'