(Q.

No) 18–22 EDITING

A few Tips & Tricks in Editing
Helping Verbs
V1 (Present) - am, is, are / do, does / have, has / shall, will, can, may, must
V2 (Past) - was, were / did / had / should, would, could, might

I - am, do, have, can, may, must (Present)

- was, did, had (Past)
- shall, will (Future)

He/she/it/noun - is, does, has, can, may, must (Present)

- was, did, had (Past)
- shall, will (Future)

You/we/they - are, do, have, can, may, must (Present)

- were, did, had (Past)
- shall, will (Future)

Main Verb Weak Verb Weak Verb Strong Verb (2 same) Strong Verb (3 different)
V1 - Play Put teach Go
V2 - Played Put taught Went
V3 - Played Put taught Gone
V4 - Playing (V1 + ing) Putting teaching Going (V1 + ing)

I/we/you/they - Play teach Go (Present)

- played taught went (Past)

He/she/it/noun - plays teaches goes (Present)

Exceptions - does play does teach does go
- does not play does not teach does not go
- played taught went (Past)
- did play did teach did go (Past)
- did not play did not teach did not go (Past)

1. Write the Singular / Plural form of the word

What is Singular & Plural form?
In English Grammar, in a sentence, the VERB should always agree with its SUBJECT with PNG (Person,
Number, Gender)
AGREEMENT OF THE VERB WITH THE NOUN IN NUMBER
NOUNS VERBS
Singular Plural Plural Singular
Boy Boys Eat Eats
Girl Girls Drink Drinks
Pen Pens Write Writes
TIP – 1
am, is, are
was, were + V1 + ing Eg: He is play + ing football
They were play + ing football

am, is, are

was, were + being + V3 Eg: Grammar is being taught us by Raju
Novel was being read by him
am, is, are
was, were + V3 Eg: Sweets are distributed to children by them
The window was broken by the boys
He was publicly humiliate (Wrong)
He was publicly humiliated (Right)
TIP – 2
do
does + V1 Eg: I do play football
They do speak English
He does speak English
do
does + not + V1 Eg: I do not play football
They do not speak English
He does not speak English
TIP – 3
Did + V1 Eg: I did play football
I did not play football
She did not play football
TIP – 4
have
has + V3 Eg: I have played football
had She has taught the lesson
He had gone to my village
have
has + been + V1 + ing Eg: I have been playing football
had She has been teaching the lesson
He had been going to my village
have
has + been + V3 Eg: Football has been played by me
had Lesson has been taught the lesson
Preparations had been gone to write exams

TIP – 5
shall
should
will
would
can + V1 Eg: I shall play football
could I should play football
may I will play football
might I would play football
must I can play football
I could play football
I may play football
I might play football
I must play football
shall
should
will
would
can + have + V3 Eg: I shall have played football
could I should have played football
may I will have played football
might I would have play football
must I can have played football
I could have played football
I may have played football
I might have played football
I must have played football

shall
should
will
would
can + have + been + V3 Eg: I shall have been played football
could I should have been played football
may I will have been played football
might I would have been play football
must I can have been played football
I could have been played football
I may have been played football
I might have been played football
I must have been played football
TIP – 6
…..to + V1 Eg: I am going to play
…..be + V3 Eg: This work should be done by you
…..to + be + V3 Eg: It has to be done
…..be + able to + V1 Eg: You will be able to turn a stumbling block into a stepping stone

TIP – 7
Will/Shall + V1 Will play /sing
Will/Shall + be + V3 Will be played /sung
Will/Shall + have + V3 Will have played /sung

TIP – 8
 Has + V3 Has + played / gone / done/ fought
Has to + V1 Has to + played / gone / done/ fought
Has to + be + V3 Has to be + played / gone / done/ fought

TIP – 9
Able to + V1
Be + Able to + V1
TIP – 10
Either – or
Neither – nor

TIP – 11
You are ordered to……...
You are commanded to…
You are requested to….. + V1
You are suggested to…..
You are advised to……..

TIP – 12
Missing words will be from the above Rules
Excess words will be from the above Rules
Word order will be from the above Rules
TIP – 13
‘That’ is followed by past tense (If the Reporting verb is in the past i.e said, asked, told)
He says that he shall try to help her
v1 v1
He said that he should try to help her
v1 v1
He asked me what my name was
She asked me whether I liked tea.
He exclaimed in grief that he was dead.

Says that is PRESENT TENSE

Says that - V1
- am/is/are
- have/has
- have/has + V3 or have/has been V3 or have/has been +v1 ing
Said that is PAST TENSE
Said that - V2
- was/were
- had + V3 or had been V3 or had been +v1 ing
- should/would/could/might
TIP – 14
Said to (Right)
 Told to (Wrong)
TIP – 15
As soon as (soon/sooner/soonest)
As tall as (tall/taller/tallest)
So tall as (tall/taller/tallest)
TIP – 16
No sooner (do form)………….than
Scarcely (do form)……………when
Hardly (do form)………………when
TIP – 17
Lest……………Should
TIP – 18
not only…………but also
too………to
so………..that (not)
TIP – 19
From …….to
Between ……and
TIP – 20
List of Conjunctions: and/but/or/else/because/in spite of / despite etc.
List of Preposition: in/on/of/off/at/by/for/from/over/under/above/below/since etc.

100% Sure Editing Questions in SSC Exams

1. Verb
2. Pronoun / adjective (articles)
3. Adverb / Conjunction
4. Preposition
5. Missing Word / Excess Word / Word Order Missing
Any five are guaranteed

Miscellaneous
I felt cold and bitterly (Wrong)
I felt cold and bitter (Right)
 ATTITUDE IS ALTITUDE
PASSAGE – 1
I call it’s my chicken drumstick,’ (13) joked Nick, which was (14) born at Melbourne, Australia,
(15) but then lives in Los Angeles (16). ‘I’ d be lose without it.’(17)

PASSAGE – 2
(13) Nick’s father was a computer programming and accountant (14) and he taught his small son
how to type (15) with his toes at just 6 years old. (16) His mum invented a special plastic device
which meant (17) he can hold a pen and pencil.

PASSAGE – 3
(13) Despite the risk of being bullied, my parents insisted Nick on attending mainstream school.
(14) ‘It was __best decision (15) they could made ___for me,’ adds Nick,
(16) who later achieved a degree on Financial Planning and Real Estate.
(17) ‘It was very hard and it gave me independence.

PASSAGE – 4
(13) ‘I looked about myself in the mirror and said: (14) ‘You knew what the world is right
(15) that I have no arms and legs, (16) but they’ll ever take away the beauty of my eyes.’
(17) I wanted to concentrate on something good that I had.’

PASSAGE – 5
(13) “If I fail, you try again, and again, and again. (14) If you failed, are you going to try again?
(15) The human spirit can handle much worse then we realize. (16) It matters how are you going
to finish. (17) Are you going ___finish strong?” said Nick.
EVERY SUCCESS STORY….
EDITING – 6
13) A New York Times editorial on December 10, 1903, question the 14) wisdom off the Wright
Brothers 15) who were try to invent a machine, heavier than air, that would fly. 16) One week
latter, at Kitty Hawk, 17) the Wright Brothers took his famous flight.

EDITING – 7
13) Colonel Sanders, at age 65, with a beat-up car and an $100 cheque from social Security, 14)
realized he had to did something. 15) He remembered his mother's recipe and go out selling. 16)
How many door did he have to knock on before he got his first order? It is estimated that he had
knocked on more than a thousand doors before he got his first order. 17) How many of us quite
after three tries, ten tries, a hundred tries, and then we say we tried as hard as we could?

EDITING – 8
13) One day a partial deaf four year old kid came home with a note in his pocket from his teacher,
14) "Your Tommy is so stupid to learn, get him out of the school." 15) His mother read the note
and answered, "My Tommy is not stupid to learn, I would teach him myself." 16) but that Tommy
grew up to be the great Thomas Edison. 17) Thomas Edison only had three months of formal
schooling and he was partially deaf.

EDITING – 9
13) In 1914, Thomas Edison, at age 67, lost his factory, what was worth a few million dollars, on
fire. 14) It had very little insurance. No longer an young man, Edison watched his lifetime effort
go up in smoke and said, 15) "There is great value on disaster. 16) All my mistakes are burnt up.
Thank God we can start anew." 17) In spite__ the disaster, three weeks later, he invented the
phonograph. What an attitude!

EDITING – 10
13) A young man ask Socrates the secret to success. 14) Socrates told the young man to meet him
near the river the next morning. They met. Socrates asked the young man to walk by him toward
the river. 15) When the water got up to their neck, Socrates took the man young (word order
change) by surprise and ducked him into the water. 16) The boy struggled to get out and Socrates
was strong and kept him there until the boy started turning blue. Socrates pulled his head out of
the water and the first thing the young man did was to gasp and take a deep breath of air. Socrates
asked, 17) “What did you want the most when you were there?” The boy replied, "Air." Socrates
said, "That is the secret to success. When you want success as bad as you wanted the air, then you
will get it." There is no other secret.
I WILL DO IT
EDITING – 11
13) He came from a poor but educated family. His father was a high-school teacher and an avid
reader of English literature. He, like all the boys in his class, was trying to get admission in some
engineering college. 14) The brighter ones wanted to study in the Indian Institutes of Technology,
or the IITs. There was an entrance test for IIT. This boy, along with his friends, apply to appear
for the test. They did not have any special books or coaching. 15) All these IIT aspirants would sit
below the shade of a stone mandap close to Chamundi Hills in the sleep town of Mysore. He was
the guide for the others. 16) While the others struggled to solved the problems in the question
paper, he would smile shyly and solve them in no time. He sat alone below a tree and dreamt of
studying at IIT. 17) It was the ultimate aim for any bright boy at that age, as it still is today. He
was only then sixteen years old.

EDITING – 12
13) His father was sadly that he had to tell the bitter truth to his son. But it could not be helped.
14) The boy had to understood reality. The teenager was disappointed. 15) It seemed his dreams
had burnt by ashes. He was so near to fulfilling his fondest hope, yet so far. His heart sank in
sorrow. 16) He did not reply. He never shared his unhappiness or helplessness with anybody. He
was a introvert by nature. 17) His heart was bleeding and he did not get angry with anybody.

EDITING – 13
13) The day come. 14) His classmates were leaving to Madras (now Chennai). 15) They are
taking a train from Mysore to Madras. 16) They have shared better years in school and college
together. 17) He went to the station say goodbye and good luck to them for their future life.
EDITING – 14
13) He did not replied. He wished only all of them. 14) They waved at him as the train slow left
the platform. 15) He stood there even after he could no long see the train or the waving hands.
16) It was the June off 1962 in Mysore city. Monsoon had set in and it was getting dark. 17) It
had started to drizzle. Yet he stood there motionlessness.

EDITING – 15
13) A son of a school teacher showed other Indians it was possible to earn wealth legally and
ethical. 14) He built a team of people which were equally good. He became a pioneer of India's
software industry and started the Information Technology wave. 15) Today he has become an
icon of simplicity, uncompromising quality and fairness, apart from been a philanthropist. 16) He
really believe in the motto, 'Powered by intellect and driven by values'. 17) He is none other than
Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy, the founder of Infosys, a lead IT company in the world.
THE JOURNEY
EDITING – 16
13) However, I finally did decided to go. I did not have much to carry by way of luggage – just a
trunk. 14) Ours is a hilly terrain, without any motorable roads – and there is no certainty that we
are going ever to have any roads. In any case, while coming home we do not carry bedding. 15)
Beside, I had come home this time round for a special purpose: to get married. My parents had
arranged my marriage, according to the customs of our tribal society. 16) Time flew, and five
months into my marriage I realize it. 17) Initially I thought of extending my leave – even taking
unpaid leave. But after some dilly-dallying, I finally decided against it because marriage had
increased my responsibility and I had got into debt.

EDITING – 17
13) In my way home from the bus stop, my trunk had been carried by a porter. The problem now
was we couldn’t find anyone who could help me carry the trunk to the bus stop. 14) At another
time of the year, we would have easily find someone to help me, but now most of the villagers
were busy in the fields. 15) Nobody had time spare for me. In fact, carrying the trunk should not
have been such a worry for me except that my education had made me shun physical labour. 16)
After all, I was a government officer and the idea of people see me carry my own luggage was not
at all amusing. 17) Or else, for a young man like me it should not have been an issue to carry a 20-
kilo chest on my back.

EDITING – 18
13) I gave him the can of wine. He poured myself a mug and handed me the can. He drank all of it
at one go. He then arranged the belt that was attached to the trunk carefully on his forehead. So,
this was the picture: 14) my father carrying his luggage on his back and me following him with a
tiny bag in my hand. 15) We were walking up a narrow hilly road, and neither of us uttered a word
as if we were strangers which spoke different languages. 16) I did not knew what was going on in
his mind. From time to time it crossed my mind that it was improper for me to let father carry the
luggage. 17) I wanted tell (missing word) him that I would like to carry the trunk myself, but my
guilt and shame did not allow me to do so.

EDITING – 19
‘Why? I asked.
13) ‘The road is uneven and full of pebbles. It hurt while walking.’
14) I looked to father’s bare feet. Never having worn shoes, his feet had developed cracks and
somehow resembled those of an elephant. I noticed this for the first time. 15) I hadn’t noticed that
the road was uneven. I didn’t have to since I was wearing a pair hunting boots. 16) I checked my
wallet and saw I still had around Rs.40 with me. 17) A pair of canvas shoes would cost around
Rs.12 and the remain amount would be enough for me to get to Bomdila.

EDITING – 20
13) My father protested. ‘Give me a old pair. You don’t have to spend money on new shoes.’ 14)
I couldn’t convinced him to buy a new pair. 15) Reluctant I gave him the hunting boots I was
wearing. 16) I then took out my pair of leather shoes in the trunk, and noticed my father’s face
lighting up with contentment. 17) Suddenly he looked at me and say, ‘Take care. Write to us...’
THE NEVER-NEVER NEST
EDITING – 21
Jack : 13) You see, Aunt Jane, we realized how uneconomic it is to go on paying rent year
after year, when you can buy and enjoy a home of your own for ten pounds-and a
few quarter payments, of course. Why be Mr. Tenant when you can be Mr. Owner?
Aunt Jane : 14) I see. Yes, there's something in that. Even though so, you must be getting on
very well to keep up a place like this.
Jill : 15) Oh, he is, Aunt Jane. Why, last only year he had a five shilling rise-didn't you,
Jack?
Jack : (modestly) Of course that was nothing, really. I'm expecting ten this Christmas.
Aunt Jane : 16 ) (suddenly) Jack! I've just thought off something. That car-is it yours?
Jill : Of course it's ours.
Aunt Jane : All yours?
Jack : Well, no, not exact all.
Aunt Jane : How much of it?
Jill : 17) Oh, I should say the steering wheel-and one of the tyre -- and about two of the
cylinders. But don't you see, that's the wonderful thing about it.

EDITING – 22
Jack : As a matter of fact-er-that is-six pounds.
Aunt Jane : 13) But that's absurd! How can you pay seven pounds eight and eight pence out six
pounds?
Jack : 14) Oh, that's easily. You see, all you have to do is to borrow the rest of the money
for the payments from the Thrift and Providence Trust Corporation.
Jill : 15) They're only too glad to loan you some amount you like, on note of hand alone.
Aunt Jane : And how do you propose to pay that back?
Jack : Oh, that's easy, too. You just pay it back in instalments.
Aunt Jane : 16) Installments!
Jack : Aunt Jane! Is anything the matter? Will you like to lie down?
Aunt Jane : 17) Lie down? Do you suppose I'm going to trust myself in a bed that belong to Mr.
Sage, or Marks and Spencer, or somebody? No, I am going home.

EDITING – 23
Jack : 13) Well that's all right. Who have you send it to?
Jill : Dr. Martin.
Jack : 14) Dr. Martin! What on earth possessed you to do that?
Jill : There! Now you're going to be angry to me.
Jack : 15) I'm not angry! But why wasting good money on the doctor? Doctors don't expect
to get paid anyway.
Jill : 16) But-but you doesn't understand -Jack: Understand what?
Jill : 17) Why; just one more installment but BABY'S REALLY OURS!

THE STOREYED HOUSE – I

EDITING – 24
13) The conductor asked the passengers to got down and they all put their strength together to
push the bus. 14) Having gained this initial momentum, the bus started. Passengers clambered up,
jostling each another. 15) The conductor rang the bell and the bus gradually took with speed. 16)
It entered the village reluctant like a truant child being dragged to school. 17) Since it wound its
way through the curves on the outskirts, it groaned and croaked like a hen about to lay eggs, and
stopped with a bang in front of Bhujaba Patil's residence.

EDITING – 25
13) Bayaji had packed his entire household good in this box. 14) There is no longer any reason to
hang around in Bombay. 15) He had worked honestly since the past thirty-five years in the
dockyard and had retired from service two months before. Not that he had held an important
position. 16) He had merely got a extension for two years; during that period he had become a
supervisor. 17) Otherwise his entire life had being spent lifting heavy loads. He had worked very
hard whenever he could, day and night.

EDITING – 26
13) Bayaji was nonpluss. For a moment, he was tempted to knock him down with his box but
realised that he couldn't afford to do so. 14) Beside, now he had come back to his village for good.
15) He were to spend the rest of his days on this soil and would be interred in the same soil. 16)
He would not be able to return to Pune or Bombay thereafter. 17) It was not a better policy to
incur the hostility of anyone in the village, least so of the Patil, the village headman.

EDITING – 27
13) Bayaji was amused that his daughters think in this childish manner even after they had
children of their own. 14 He run his eyes over all his children and said, 'Look here, children, 15)
if I had brought new clothes for you, they'd torn, if I had brought an ornament it would soon wear
out. 16) Out of my earnings I wished you to have something that'll last longer. Bayaji paused after
these words. 17) His eldest son was god. He said, 'Neither we nor our wives want anything. Tell us
what you'd like us to do.'

EDITING – 28
13) 'Look child, ours is such a large family. 14) Even though at mealtime, we've to eat by turns or
sit crowded, knocking our knees together. 15) I wish to build a house out of mine earnings, and it
has to be a storeyed house; the usual three-portioned house won't be adequate for us. 16) 'All was
happy with this plan. 17) The plan was finalised and the foundation of the storeyed house was
laying on the auspicious New Year Day.
THE STOREYED HOUSE – II
EDITING – 29
13) 'Baiju, you shouldn't lose your head simple 14) because you've set aside few money. 15) Do
you aspire to an equal status for us by building this house? 16) The poor should remain contented
with their cottage, 17) understand?' Kondiba remark rather sharply.

EDITING – 30
13) 'Who says you shouldn't had a house? You can have a small house with three convenient
portions, a veranda in the front and at the back and the living section in the middle. 14) Why
spend unnecessary on a storeyed house?' Patil gave his counsel. 15) 'You may go in for a storeyed
house only if you don't wish to stay in this village. I hope you knew what I mean.' 16) Kondiba
shoot out as a warning and walked away. 17) Another ruffians in the village threatened Bayaji in a
similar manner.

EDITING – 31
13) In the evening four petromax lights were hang in the four corners of the pandal. 14) It lend a
unique golden yellow light to the surroundings. 15) Guests were engrossed in conversation.
Kondiba Patil was soon their. 16) With him was the thug Bhujaba and four and five seasoned
rascals like Vithoba Ghayakute and Parasu Martanda. 17) These people felt uneasy with the sight
of the brand new house, the impressive pandal and the crowd of smiling faces.

EDITING – 32
13) Their eyes roved all about the place. Bayaji led them up the stairs in the kitchen. 14) The first
floor looks like a drawing room. 15) The walls were radiantly with blue oil-paint. 16) The fresh
colour gave out a pleasanting smell. 17) Framed pictures off great men like Lord Buddha, Dr.
Babasaheb Amebedkar, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule and others hung on the
walls. The loft-like first floor was filled with a pious and holy ambience.

EDITING – 33
13) On the morning the village officers and witnesses 14) visited the place to recording the facts
of the accident. 15) 'Bayaji's death was the result of an accident due to a petromax flare-up,' was
there conclusion. 16) The house was burning after the house-warming ceremony was over and 17)
Bayaji was in ashes in the cemetery instead enjoying the comforts of a retired life.
ENVIRONMENT
EDITING – 34
13) Now if this happens at the national level or at the regional level, or even at the global level,
14) sooner or later there is discontentness; and when that discontent is strong enough, there is
conflict. 15) So good management of the natural resources, equitable distribute of these resources,
is important for peace. 16) At the same time, good management of the natural resources are not
possible 17) if you do not have democracy space, respect for human beings, respect for human
rights, giving other people dignity.

EDITING – 35
13) W M: When I am a child, which is almost more than fifty years ago, the environment was very
pristine, very beautiful, and very green. 14) We were a British colony, and the British government
at that time started to clear cut the indigenous forests in our forested mountains so they wanted to
establish commercial plantations of exotic species of trees such as the pines from the northern
hemisphere and the eucalyptus from Australia. 15) These trees are very nice, they grow tallest, and
they grow very fast, but as they grow they destroy all the local biological diversity. 16) All the
flora and fauna disappear. 17) So though we were getting commercial timber for the growing
timber industry, we also destroyed our local flora and fauna.

EDITING – 36
13) This is why in 1975, at the very first United Nations Conference for Women in Mexico, many
of the women were saying, 14) "We need food, we need water, we need clean drinking water, we
need fodder for my animals." 15) And I was wondering, what have happened? 16) These are
things that were there twenty years before when I was a child. 17) The environment had changed;
and that's when I started this campaign to restoring the vegetation and to restore the land and to
rehabilitate the forests.

EDITING – 37
13) W M: It was a need. When the women say they needed firewood and building material, 14)
we responded for that need. 15) Plant trees; then you would have trees for firewood. 16) In the
tropics, trees grow very fastly. 17) In five to ten years those trees serve as firewood, as building
materials.

EDITING – 38
13) The other is the transforming of the landscape. 14) Places where there were dust, there are no
more dust. 15) There are trees, even though birds and rabbits. 16) They came back and they make
the environment very beautiful. 17) There is a shade but sometimes even dry springs come back
because the water is not running, the water is going into the ground.
A TALE OF THREE VILLAGES
EDITING – 39
13) “They came by a Wednesday,” said Sunday, “Many, many big lorries. They took all day
unloading them. 14) No-one telling us what was in them. 15) They gave the Chief a brown paper
bag-I see him smiling as the lorries drove away. 16) This was five years ago. Then three months
ago, one of the bright boys in the village – Thomas Agonyo - started university in Lagos. 17) He
came home one weekend with a new Chemistry book, and spent all day looking at the drums and
writing things down and talking to themselves and shaking his head.

EDITING – 40
13) Mr. Sunday Nana stopped, frowning, a troubled look on his face, "In the last five years, 13
people has died in this village, my own elder brother one of them. 14) They have being in pain,
terrible pain. We have never seen deaths like that before. Lots of our children are sick. 15) We
have asked the Government to take the drums away, and they do nothing. We have written to
Italy, but they do nothing. 16) The Chief says we should move our houses to another place. But
we have no money to buying land. We have no choice. 17) We have stay here. “And they” –
- pointing to the mountain of death in the clearing - "are our neighbours."

EDITING – 41
Ponnimanthuri Village, India
13) "I could remember the time," she said wistfully, "when all the fields around this village were
green and the harvests good". 14) Her outstretched arm described a complete circle as she stood
in the mourning sun. "Then they built those monsters, those……." 15) Her voice spluttered with
anger as she shook her fist at a collection of ominous- looking black buildings on the horizon,
covered in a low-lying shroud of thick smoke. 16) "They said which factories need leather to
make shoes, handbags and clothes. 17) They said our menfolk would get jobs. They said we will
all become rich."

EDITING – 42
13) “They didn't tell us that the chemicals would be dump in open fields and into our rivers,”
sighed Vijayasama. 14) We had being thinking the same thoughts. “They didn't tell us that our
women would have to walk ten kilometers every day. 15) They didn't tell us that we would get
ulcer and sores in our bodies. 16) They didn't tell us…” Her voice trailed of. There is so much
they didn't tell you, I thought. 17) “We don't buy leather shoes or leather handbags and leather
clothes,” she said.

EDITING – 43 Vorobyov Village, Ukarine (formerly USSR)

13) "It happened on April the 26th 1986. I remember the date as it was my mother's birthday. 14)
We heard the explosive early in the morning. 15) We didn't worry, because there had been
explosions before from Chernobyl. But this one was big. Everyone stopped what they were doing
and listened. 16) Then we ran out into the garden. We could see a cloud of white smoke coming
for the nuclear reactor." 17) Natasha Revenko wiped her hands nervously on her apron. Tears
came to the corners of her eyes, and slowly slid down her pinched, pale cheeks.

EDITING – 44
13) I touched her gently on the shoulder, leaving her to her bitter-sweet memory, and walked on
through the silence. 14) It was a ghost town. No one lived there nomore. 15) They had either
died nor been forcibly evacuated. The fields were barren. Nothing grew. Nothing ever would
again. 16) There were no bird-song. No rabbit peered at me. No cow endlessly chewed. No
horse neighed. 17) Natasha caught me up as we boarded the bus marked MOSCOW. "Thank you
for coming with me," She said. "I want to see the graves and the house again, before I die."
MY CHILDHOOD
EDITING – 45
13) I was born to a middle - class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile
Madras State. 14) My father, Jainulabdeen , had neither much formal education nor much wealth;
despite of these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit.
15) He had a ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. 16) I do not recall the exact number of
people she feeds every day, 17) but I am quiet certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all
the members of our own family put together.

EDITING – 46
13) The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have
been never able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. 14) I
used to collect the seeds and sold them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. 15) A day's
collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother -in-law Jallaluddin would tell
me stories about the War which I would later attemptted to trace in the headlines in Dinamani. 16)
Our area, been isolated, was completely unaffected by the War. 17) But soon India was forced to
join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casual came
in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station.

EDITING – 47
13) One day when I am in the fifth standard at the Rameswaram Elementary School, a new teacher
came to our class. 14) I used to wear a cap that marked me as a Muslim, and I always sat in the
front row next to Ramanadha sastry , who wore the sacred thread. The new teacher could not
stomach a Hindu priest's son sitting with a Muslim boy. 15) In accordance to our social ranking as
the new teacher saw it, I was asked to go and sit on the back bench. 16) I felt very sad, and did so
Ramanadha Sastry. He looked utterly downcast as I shifted to my seat in the last row. 17) The
image of him weeping when I shifted to the last row leaving a lasting impression on me.

EDITING – 48
13) On the hole , the small society of Rameswaram was very rigid in terms of the segregation of
ifferent social groups. 14) However, my science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer, though a orthodox
Brahmin with a very conservative wife, was something of a rebel. 15) He did his best to broke
social barriers so that people from varying backgrounds could mingle easily. 16) He used to talk
hours with me and would said, "Kalam, 17) I want you to develop so that you are on par with the
high educated people of the big cities".

EDITING – 49
13) He told me as if thinking aloud, "Abul! I knew you have to go away to grow. 14) Do the
seagull not fly across the sun, alone and without a nest?" 15) He quoted Khalil Gibran to my
hesitant mother, "Your children are not your child. 16) They are the sons and daughters of Life's
long for itself. They come through you but not from you. 17) You may give them your love and
not your thoughts. For they have their own thoughts".
UNITY IN DIVERSITY IN INDIA
EDITING – 50
13) It is true that superficial observers are like to be bewildered by the astonishing variety of
Indian life. 14) They fail to discover the one in much, the individual, in the aggregate; 15) the
simple in the composite. To them the whole is lost in its parts. 16) What is needed is the superior
interpret, 17) synthesis of the power of the mind that can given rise to a vision of the whole.

EDITING – 51
13) Even the early India history unmistakably shows that 14) the political consciousness of the
people has from the very early times, grasped the whole of India as an unit and assimilated the
entire area as the theatre of its activities. 15) India is not a mere geographical expression, nor is it
a mere collection of separate people, traditions and conventions. 16) India is much more then this.
17) The better proof lies in the fact that Indian history has quickened into life.

EDITING – 52
13) India has many races, castes, sub-castes, nationality and communities, 14) but the heart of
India are one. 15) We all are heirs to a common and rich culture. 16) Our cultural heritage consists
of our art but literature as they flourished centuries ago. 17) Our cultural heritage serves as a bond
of unity among people of different faiths and creeds.

EDITING – 53
13) Indian classical music, like the Indian dances, is build on the concept of ragas and talas. 14)
Each raga is regarded appropriate to a certain time of the day nor the night. 15) There are believe
to be about 250 ragas in common use in the North as well as in the South. 16) In the modern
times, people like Ravi Shankar have taken India music to the 17) West and thus bridged the gap
between the music of the East to the West.
EDITING – 54
13) Other significant features of India's cultural unity is the variety, colour and 14) the emotional
riches of its dances. 15) The country abounds in tribal dances, old- dances as well as classical
dances of greater virtuosity. 16) Throughout India, need is regarded not merely as a
accompaniment to social intercourse, 17) but also as a mode of aesthetical expression and spiritual
realization.

EDITING – 55
13) The greatest symbol of dance is Shiva, the Cosmic Dancer, depicted in sculpture and poetry as
Nataraja. 14) Similar, the classical theatre in India has a history of more than two thousand years.
15) It was performing in palaces and in temples. 16) The classical plays combined music but
dance. 17) Tragedy was, and is, yet discouraged otherwise; the range of themes covered is wide.
JAMAICAN FRAGMENT
EDITING – 56
13) Every day, I walk a half-mile from his home to the tramcar lines in the morning and from the
lines to my home in the evening. The walk is pleasant. 14) The road on neither side is flanked by
red and green-roofed bungalows, green lawns and gardens. 15) The exercise is good for me, and
now and than, I learn something from a little incident. 16) One morning, about half-way between
my front gate and the tram track, I noticed two little boys playing in the garden of the most modest
cottages. 17) They were both very little boys, one was four years old perhaps, the another five.

EDITING – 57
13) The bigger of the two was a sturdy younger, very dark, with a mat of coarse hair on his head
and coal-black eyes. 14) He was definite a little Jamaican — a strong little Jamaican. The other
little fellow was smaller, but also sturdy — he was white, with hazel eyes and light-brown hair.
Both were dressed in blue shirts and khaki pants. 15) They wore not shoes and their feet were
muddy. They were not conscious of my standing there, watching them; they played on. 16) The
game, if it could be called a game, was not elaboration. 17) The little white boy strode
imperiously up and down, and every now and then shouted imperiously at his big playmate.

EDITING – 58
13) For a whole day I puzzle over this problem. For a whole day my faith in my people was
shaken. When I passed by that afternoon the little boys were not there. 14) That evening I thought
deeply about the subject. The next morning the boys were there again, and a man was standing at
the gate watching them. 15) I stopped and looked, just to see which the white boy was making his
little servant do. 16) To my utter astonishment the little dark boy was striding imperiously up and
down the lawn, while the white youngster walking abjectly behind him. 17) 'Get me a banana!'
The little boy ran into the house and reappeared shortly with a banana. 'Peel it for me!' the little
white boy peeled the banana and handed to his dark master.

EDITING – 59
13) 'I know what you thinking,' I said. 'You're thinking that may be the black race is superior to
the white, because you just saw the little dark youngster on the lawn ordering the little white boy
around. 14) Don't think that; it's a game they play. Alternate days one is the boss, the another the
servant. 15) It's a grand game. I used to played it and may be so did you. 16) Yesterday I saw the
little white boy bossing the dark once and 17) I worried all day over the dark boy's realisation of
his inferiority so younger in life! We are silly, we grown-ups, aren't we.'?
EDITING – 60
13) The man was surprised at my outburst. He looked to me smiling. 14) 'I knew all about the
game,' he said.' The boys are brothers — my sons.'15) He pointed to a handsome brown woman on
the verandah which had just come out to call in the children. 16) 'That's my wife', he said. I
smiled. My spirit laughing within me. This is Jamaica, I said in my heart, this is my country — my
people. 17) I looked at the white man. He smiled at me. 'We'll miss the tram if we doesn't hurry,'
he said.
WHAT IS MY NAME?
EDITING – 61
13) But one day while scrubbing the floor, the housewife suddenly ask herself, 'What is my
name?' 14) The query shook her up. Leave the mopping cloth and the muggu basket there itself,
she stood near the window scratching her head, lost in thoughts. 15) 'How could I forget like this?
In my scrubbing zeal I have forgotten my name — what shall I do now?' 16) The housewife was
perturbed. Her mind became totally rest. Somehow she finished her daubing for the day. 17)
Meanwhile, the maidservant arrived. Hoping at last she would remember, the housewife asked
her, 'Look, ammayi, do you know my name?'

EDITING – 62
13) 'What is it, amma?' said the girl. 'What do we have to do in names of mistresses?' 14) You are
only a mistress to us — the mistress of such and such a white-storeyed house, ground floor mean
you.' '15) 'Yes, true, of course, what can you know, poor thing?' thought the housewife. 16) The
children come home from school for lunch in the afternoon. 17) 'At least the children might
remember my name' — the housewife hoped. 'Look here, children, do you knew my name?' she
asked.

EDITING – 63
13) Now a neighbour came to invite him to a kumkum ceremony. 14) The housewife asked her
neighbour hoping she at least would remembering her name. Giggling, the lady said, 15)
'Somehow or other I haven't asked your name or have you told me. 16) Right -hand side, white
storeyed - house or there is she, that pharmaceutical company manager's wife, 17) if not that, that
fairly and tall lady, that’s how we refer to you, that's all.' That's all that the other housewife could
say.

EDITING – 64
13) It’s no use. What can even my children friends say — 14) they know only me as Kamala's
mother or some aunty, now my respected husband — is the only hope — 15) if someone
remembers it, it is only he. 16) During the night meal, she asked him, 'Look there, 17) I have
forgotten my name — if you remembered it, will you please tell me?'

EDITING – 65
13) The respectful husband burst out laughing and said, 'What is it, dear, never has it happened
before, you are talking about your name today. 14) Ever since we were married I have got use to
calling you only as yemoi. 15) You too never told me not to address you that way because you
have a name of your own — what's happened now — Everyone calls you Mrs. Murthy, didn't
they?’ 16) ‘Not Mrs Murthy, I want mine own name — what shall I do now?' she said in anguish.
17) 'What's there, you choose a new name, any name or other,' the husband advised.
EDITING – 66
13) ‘Very nice — your name is Satyanarayana Murthy; will you keep quite if 14) I ask you to
change you name to Siva Rao or Sundara Rao? I want my name only,' she said. 15) 'It's alright,
you are an educated woman — 16) your name must be in the certificates — 17) don't you have
that much common sense — go and found out,' he advised her.

EDITING – 67
13) After marriage she had never bothered to carry those certificates here. 'Yes — I haven't bought
them here — 14) I shall go to my place, search for my certificates and enquire about my name,
and return in a couple of day.' 15) She asked for her husband's permission. 'Very nice! You must
go just for your name or what? If you go, who will scrub the house these two days?' said her lord.
16) Yes, that was true — because she scrubbed better than the others, she had not allow anyone
else to do that job all these days. 17) Everyone was busy with his own respective duties. He had
his office — poorthings, the children had their studies to take care of.

EDITING – 68
13) But still, how to live without knowing one's name? It was all right all these days since the
question had not occurred to her; now it was real hard to live without a name. 14) 'Just for two
days you manage someway or other — until and unless I go and get my name, I shall find it
difficult to live,' 15) she pleaded with her husband and managed to get out off the house. 'Why,
dear daughter, have you come so suddenly? Are your children and husband all right? Why have
you come alone?' 16) Behind affectionate enquiries of the father and the mother there was a
strain of suspension. 17) Recollecting immediately the purpose of her visit, the housewife asked
her mother most pitifully, ' Amma, tell me, what was my name?'

EDITING – 69
13) 'What is it amma, you are our older daughter. We gave you education up to B.A. and got you
married with fifty thousand rupees as dowry. 14) We take care of your two deliveries — each time
we alone bore the expenses of the maternity home. 15) You have two child —your husband has a
good job — a very nice person, too — your children are well-mannered.' 16) 'It's not mine history,
amma — it's my name I want. 17) At least tell me where my
certificates is.'

EDITING – 70
13) 'I don't know, child. Recently we clean out the almirah of old papers and files and 14)
arranged some glassware at their place. 15) Some important files we kept in the attic — we shall
searching for them tomorrow. 16) Now what is the hurry, don't worry about it — 17) take a good
bathe and have your meal, child,' said the housewife's mother.

EDITING – 71
13) The housewife took a good bath and eat her meal, 14) but she can not sleep. 15) While
scrubbing the house, humming happily, joyously, and make muggulu, 16) she never had (word
order change) thought that she would have to face so many difficulties like this by forgetting her
own name. 17) Dawn broke, but the search for the certificates among the files in the attic had not
end.

EDITING – 72
13) 'Sarada! My dear Sarada!' she shouted and embraced her. The housewife felt like a person —
total parched and dried up, about to die of thirst — 14) getting a drink of cool water from the new
earthen kooja poured into her mouth with a spoon and give thus a new life. 15) The friend did
indeed give her a new life — 'You are Sarada. You came first on our school in the tenth class. 16)
You came first in the music competition conducted by the college. You used to painted good
pictures too. 17) We were ten friends together — I meet all of them some time or other.

EDITING – 73
13) We write letters to each other. Only you have went out of our reach!
14) Tell me why you are living incognito?' her friend confronted her.
15) Sarada returned home, climbed the attic and fish out her certificates, the pictures she had drawn.
16) She also searched farther and managed to find the prizes she had received in school and college.
17) 'You have not being here — look at the state of the house — it's like a choultry.

PART – B
(General Questioning)
(Q. No: 13-17) 5M
Unseen Poem

(Q. No: 18-22) 5M

Editing

(Q. No: 23-27) 10M

Re-Write as Directed
Topics covered under This Question
1. Question Tags
2. Combining of sentences - (1 or 2 Question(s) Guarantee from this TOPIC)
3. Voice
4. Degrees of comparison
5. Reported Speech

(Q. No: 28-32) 5M

Choose the Right Word from the Given MCQ (A, B, C, D)
How to do or solve this Question in the Exam?
What are the above MCQ will be.....
There may be…
 1. Verb (QT/Voice/If-Clause/Reported/Combining of Sentence)
2. Preposition
3. Pronoun
4. Phrasal verb
5. Adverb
6. Adjective (Degrees of comparison)
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection

A) Play B) plays C) playing D) played (VERB)

A) of B) in C) on D) from (PREPOSITION)
A) poor B) poorer C) poorest D) poverty (ADJECTIVE)
A) and B) but C) yet D) or (CONJUNCTION)

(Q. No: 33-37) 5M

Choose the Correct Word from the Brackets (- / -)
When you are solving this question please see the whether the sentence gives any sense when we
substitute the a particular word if it gives any sense then it is the answer if not then substitute
another word and see the meaning a sentence.

(Q. No: 38-42) 5M

Fill Blanks with correct form or appropriate form of the
word given the brackets ( _ ) Verb forms

(Q. No: 43-47) 5M

Write as Directed
Different Types of Questions asked under this question are as follows
6. Replace the underlined word with the right form of the word
7. Replace the underlined word with the correct word
8. Write the opposite in meaning of the underlined word
9. Write the Antonym in meaning of the underlined word
10. Write the synonym of the underlined word
11. Write the equal meaning of the underlined word
12. Replace the underlined word with a suitable word
13. Write a collective noun from the passage
14. Write a word which sounds same as ‘hole’ (Rhyming word)
15. Write a word with suffix ‘ful’
16. Write a word with pre-fix ‘pay’
17. Write the meaning of the phrasal verb ‘give up’
18. Write the root form of the word for the underlined word
19. Write the past participle form of the underlined word
20. Write the similar form of the underlined word
21. Write the adverb for the underlined word
22. Write the superlative form of the underlined word
23. Write the part of speech for the underlined word
24. Write the Noun form of the underlined word
25. Write the Singular / Plural form of the word
 26. Write the rhyming word for the underlined word

Correct Form of the word

1. Write the correct form of the underlined word.
2. Write the correct form of the underlined expression.
3. Replace the underlined word with the right form of the word
4. Write the correct form of the verb
5. Use the right form of the word in the place of the underlined word
6. Replace the underlined word with its correct form.
7. Write the right form of the underlined word.

1. What is the other form (Correct form) of the word mean?

A: In simple words it is nothing but a Word Family (or) All Possible words (of the word given)

2. What is a Word Family?

A: Words often come in families.
In simple words, They are just a different part of speech (Family).
You can expand your vocabulary by becoming familiar with these word families and this can also enable you to
become a more fluent speaker and writer of English

All the words in this list have entries in the dictionary except for some beginning
This list has entries in the dictionary
WORD FAMILY
Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs
Ability enable able, unable ably
Disability disable disabled ___
Addition add additional additionally
Admiration admire admirable admirably
Attention attend attentive attentively .
Action act acting actively
Beauty beautify beautiful beautifully
Collection collect collective collectively
Comparison compare comparable comparatively
Conclusion conclude conclusive conclusively
Punishment punish punishable punishingly
Imagination imagine imaginable imaginably
Invention invent inventive inventively
Enjoyment enjoy enjoyable enjoyably

Example:
Other form of the words for Act and Beauty
WORD FAMILY for Act
Act - Action
- Actor
- Activist
- Act
- Acts
- Acting
- Acted
 - Active
- Activate
- Activity
- Actively
- Actual
- Actually
- Act out
- Act of God

WORD FAMILY for Beauty

Beauty - Beauty
- Beautify
- Beautified
- Beautiful
- Beautifully
- Beautifier
- Beautifulness
- Beautician
- Beautification
- Beauty spot

Parts of Speech in GIST

SOME IMPORTANT TIPS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF SPEECH
1. NOUN
 Name of anything/everything
 If a word ends with –or, -er, -ty, -sion, -tion, -ment, -mant, -less, -ness, -lessness.
2. PRONOUN
 It is used in the place of a noun
 All personal pronouns
I, me, my, mine, myself
We our ours, ours, ourselves
You, you your yours yourselves
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it it’s its itself
They their their theirs themselves

 If a pronoun is followed by a noun then that pronoun becomes “Adjective

Eg: 1. This is my bag. My - Adjective
Bag - Noun
2. She lost her purse. Her – Adjective
Purse – Noun
3. ADJECTIVE
 Name of anything/everything
 All qualities and quantities
 All numbers
 All colours
  Strengths and weakness
 a, an, the (Are considered to be Adjectives)

4. VERB
 All auxiliaries verbs
Be forms - am, is, are, was, were
Have forms - have, has, had
Do forms - do, does, did
Shall - should
Will - would
Can - could
May - might
Must
Need
Dare
Ought to
Used to
 All auxiliaries verbs
 All Main Verbs
S. No Present verb (V1) Past verb (V2) Past participle (V3)
1. Play Played Played
2. Want Wanted Wanted

3. Sing Sang Sung

4. Drink Drank Drunk

5. Cut Cut Cut

6. Shut Shut Shut

5. ADVERB
 Name of anything/everything
 Adding something to the verb
 If a word ends with – ly, - lly (It is generally Adverb)
 If a word comes between two verbs, then that word becomes Adverb.
Eg: I have never seen such an interesting match.

6. PREPOSITION
 It is generally used before a noun or pronoun.
 Some pronouns
in, into, on, of, off, at, by, for, from, to, above, below, with, without, among, beside, etc.

7. CONJUNCTION
It is a word used to join words or sentences.
1. Co-Ordinating Conjunctions: and, or, but, also etc.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions: when, while, before, till, until, after,
since, where, whether, whence, because, that, lest, if, unless, though, as, than etc.
3. Correlative conjunctions:
Either – or, neither – nor, both-and, whether – or, not only – but also,

8. INTERJUCTION
 - An interjection is a word that expresses some sudden feeling or emotion.
Such words are Hello!, Alas!, Hurrah!, Ah!, etc. are called Interjections.
Eg: 1. joy as – Hurrah!, huzza!
2. Grief as – Alas!
3. Surprise as – Ha!, What!
4. Applause as – Bravo!

Figures of Speech
(Used for Decorating the Language)

ALLITERATION
Meaning:
Alliteration is the repetition of beginning sounds.
Eg: Sally sells seashells.
Walter wondered where Winnie was.
Blue baby bonnets
Nick needed notebooks.
Fred fried frogs.

HYPERBOLE
Meaning:
Hyperbole uses exaggeration for emphasis or effect.
Eg: I’ve told you a hundred times
It cost a billion dollars
I could do this forever
She is older than dirt
Everybody knows that
IRONY
Meaning:
Irony is using words where the meaning is the opposite of their usual meaning.
Eg: After begging for a cat and finally getting one, she found out she was allergic.
A traffic cop gets suspended for not paying his parking tickets.
The Titanic was said to be unsinkable.
Dramatic irony is knowing the killer is hiding in a closet in a scary movie.
Naming a Chihuahua Brutus
METAPHOR
Meaning:
Metaphor compares two unlike things or ideas.
Eg: Heart of stone
Time is money

PERSONIFICATION
Meaning:
Personification is giving human qualities to non-living things or ideas.
Eg: The flowers nodded
Snowflakes danced
Thunder grumbled
Fog crept in
The wind howled
SIMILE
Meaning:
Simile is a comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or "as."
Eg: As slippery as an eel
Like peas in a pod
 As blind as a bat
Eats like a pig
As wise as an owl

INTERVIEW
1. Nick
1. Good morning sir.
2. I am News Reporter from TV9 sir. Could you please permit me to ask you a few questions?
3. Could you please enlighten about your family?
4. What made your parents join you in mainstream school? Was that decision helped (good for) you or not?
5. How did your friends and teachers treat you in the mainstream school?
6. At the age of eight you tried to kill yourself? What made you do so?
7. Is there any funniest incident in your life?
8. What was the turning point in your life?
9. What is your motto in life?
10. How did you feel when you received Australian Young Citizen Award? 11. What is your message to youth /
people who are in despair (hopeless)?
12. Thank you very much for sparing your valuable time with me, sir
A: Welcome

2. N.R. Murthy
1. Good morning sir.
2. I am News Reporter from TV9 sir. Could you please permit me to ask you a few questions?
3. Could you please enlighten about your family?
4. How did you feel when your father said that he could not afford to pay the IIT expenses?
5. What is the most memorable (most unforgettable) incident in your life?
6.
7. What was the turning point in your life?
8. What is secret behind your success?
9. What is your motto in life?
10. How did you feel when you received Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan Awards?
11. What is your message to youth / IIT aspirant?
12. Thank you very much for sparing your valuable time with me, sir
A: Welcome