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Understanding Set Operators in SQL

The document discusses different SQL set operators: UNION combines result sets, UNION ALL allows duplicates, INTERSECT returns rows common to multiple queries, and MINUS returns rows from the first query not in the second. Examples are provided to demonstrate the usage of each operator.

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shekhar952354
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47 views11 pages

Understanding Set Operators in SQL

The document discusses different SQL set operators: UNION combines result sets, UNION ALL allows duplicates, INTERSECT returns rows common to multiple queries, and MINUS returns rows from the first query not in the second. Examples are provided to demonstrate the usage of each operator.

Uploaded by

shekhar952354
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Set Operators

In this session, you will learn:

• How to use UNION Operator


• How to use UNION ALL Operator
• How to use INTERSECT Operator
• How to use MINUS Operator
UNION Operator

• allows you to combine two or more result sets of queries into a single
result set.

Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;

Basic Rules
✓ First, the number and the orders of columns that appear in all
SELECT statements must be the same.
✓ Second, the data types of columns must be the same or convertib
UNION Operator- Example

First Second
ID Name ID Name

1 Abhi 2 Anu

2 Anu 3 Meena

Example
SELECT * from First
UNION ID Name

SELECT * from Second 1 Abhi

2 Anu

3 Meena
UNION ALL Operator

• The UNION operator selects only distinct values by default. To allow


duplicate values, use UNION ALL.
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
UNION ALL Operator- Example

First Second
ID Name ID Name

1 Abhi 2 Anu

2 Anu 3 Meena

Example
SELECT * from First
UNION ALL ID Name

SELECT * from Second 1 Abhi

2 Anu

2 Anu

3 Meena
INTERSECT Operator

• The INTERSECT operator is a set operator that returns only distinct


rows of two queries or more queries.
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
INTERSECT
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
INTERSECT Operator- Example

First Second
ID Name ID Name

1 Abhi 2 Anu

2 Anu 3 Meena

Example
SELECT * from First
INTERSECT ID Name

SELECT * from Second 2 Anu


MINUS Operator

• MINUS compares results of two queries and returns distinct rows


from the first query that aren’t output by the second query.
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
MINUS
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
MINUS Operator- Example

First Second
ID Name ID Name

1 Abhi 2 Anu

2 Anu 3 Meena

Example
SELECT * from First
MINUS ID Name

SELECT * from Second 1 Abhi


THANKS

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