COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
First Semester, School year 2021-2022
Module 4: Variable Separable (GEM 4)
Introduction: This chapter we shall study some classes of ordinary
differential equations of the first order and obtaining its general solution.
Learning outcomes and learning activities:
At the end of the topic, the students will be able to:
1. Find the General Solution of first order DE
2. Able to use different methods of Separation of Variables
The students are expected to perform the following learning activities:
1. Attend online discussion.
2. Watch recorded videos.
3. Participate in online recitation.
4. Browse topic module.
Discussion:
The Differential equation 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) can be written as
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥,𝑦𝑦)
𝑦𝑦 ′ = =− or 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥,𝑦𝑦)
If 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) is a function of 𝑥𝑥 alone – i. E. 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)and if 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) is a
function of 𝑦𝑦 alone, 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = ℎ(𝑦𝑦), then the differential equation is said to be
separable and may be written as
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + ℎ(𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
Integrating this differential equation results in the implicit solution
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
� 𝑔𝑔(𝑠𝑠)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � ℎ(𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
Examples
1. Solve the linear differential equation 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑥
Solution:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Write the derivative 𝑦𝑦′ as a ratio of differentials
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑥𝑥(𝑦𝑦 + 2)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 + 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − =0
𝑦𝑦 + 2
Integration yields the implicit solution
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − � =0
𝑦𝑦 + 2
𝑥𝑥 2
− ln|𝑦𝑦 + 2| + 𝐶𝐶 = 0
2
Solve for y
𝑥𝑥 2
ln|𝑦𝑦 + 2| = + 𝐶𝐶
2
By Exponentiation,
𝑥𝑥2
+𝐶𝐶
|𝑦𝑦 + 2| = 𝑒𝑒 2
𝑥𝑥2
|𝑦𝑦 + 2| = 𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒 , let 𝑒𝑒 𝐶𝐶 = C
𝐶𝐶 2
𝑥𝑥2
|𝑦𝑦 + 2| = 𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒 2
𝑥𝑥2
𝑦𝑦 = ±2 + 𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒 2
𝟐𝟐
2. Solve the DE 𝒚𝒚′ = 𝒙𝒙𝒆𝒆𝒚𝒚−𝒙𝒙
𝟐𝟐
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒙𝒙𝒆𝒆−𝒙𝒙
=
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒆𝒆−𝒚𝒚
𝟐𝟐
𝒆𝒆−𝒚𝒚 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝒙𝒙𝒆𝒆−𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝟐𝟐
𝒙𝒙𝒆𝒆−𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 − 𝒆𝒆−𝒚𝒚 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒙𝒙 𝒚𝒚
∫𝟎𝟎 −𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒆−𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 + ∫𝟎𝟎 𝒆𝒆−𝒕𝒕 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 −𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙
𝒆𝒆 �𝟎𝟎 − 𝒆𝒆−𝒕𝒕 � 𝒚𝒚𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 −𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏
𝒆𝒆 − − 𝒆𝒆−𝒚𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
The implicit solution of the initial value problem is
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝒆𝒆−𝒚𝒚 = 𝒆𝒆−𝒙𝒙 +
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Solving this explicitly for y, we have
𝟐𝟐
𝒆𝒆−𝒙𝒙 +𝟏𝟏
𝒚𝒚 = − 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 � �
𝟐𝟐
Summary:
The process of finding the General Solution of first order DE we have a method
of Separation of Variables. We shall present some techniques in obtaining this
general solution.
Core Values/ Biblical Principles/ Inspirational Quotes
For it is better, if God should Will it so, that you suffer for doing what is right
rather than for doing what is wrong. 1Peter 3:17.
Source: https://bible.knowing-jesus.com/topics/God~s-Will
Reference:
1. Differential Equations, A Simplified Approach, Jonathan B. Cabero,
Pastor B. Malaborbor, Lorina G. Salamat, Antonina C. Sta. Maria, Donata
D. Acula.
