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De 7 femning from the disintengion of USSR.
Be os Neobon ton its breakup wor excesrive
FAIRANON 5 concentration of powe, and clominaen
of Russia + i. me
WV :
Story of Czechoslovakia , Yugorlavia , Pakisten and Canada.
> Story of India
WV
Side ane a United Courttry fon oven a seven cleeades
@ thot accounts fon this achiewement 9
i ;
NV
FHedlenal Structure of Governance
NV
AU the wuntrves menhiened above. wer Jeolerci|
‘ a One . Yer
Fey could ast remain unital j J
dy
Apart from adopting afedleral constitution , the. nero
Federal system and the pratic. of Pedenalinal ae ae
portant § fortorls .
BaaiamondenDivensity,
NI
ea
=> dn spite of all there diver
4 common fand mass,
NWA
Hes poe shane “40. builal
‘Andian
aedenalism —> dnafitusional mechanism 40 a accomodate.
r dus Sele of Polities. ,
Each ee autonomous in 145 own
Sphere. In seme federal countries , thene ix
even 9 gystem ef cual dixenship
Andiq far only a single oltzenshiP.
UW. Subject Which concern the nation as a whole
Union
> Respons}bi ty
mattou, of & ‘
PD Subjects which concern the regional on local
bewem the contne and shee
y
aq _iMdependenr judi le di spubex
ty
Power
, > Despite. athe nevogniaed concept? , federalism isvanewolwing
sina ciple « ly ; ne el
e politi, culture, ideology avd fistony determine MMe,
ol ation ¥ ud
working of 4 eden e gi ‘ . bai
BMS could lead to clemand fon secanlen
th ‘i ;
Caganiewed units on could even neault in
WOns,
Westeesnelies > Colomised ty Bnitish
=
=
=
=
=
Ab . :
An 1858 the federation of West Indies cam into be/ng )
NV
At had a Weak, central government and the (
donmall)
Economy wf each unit was independent. f dissolved jn )
(962
hatenr,in 1973 t known ar
the Canibbean Community.
abliahed joint autho nities
The Canibbean Community thas Wen 4 Common executive,
ends of the govennment of member Wuntnies wre
of thik Cxecurtive.
3 ond
Member
Thewunits could neither live togethen as one country
canethey live sepanatdy '
. Af the mnegions and various communities do 59
ch other -
trust WV
Sprsiznal ovvranagment con fail to produc unity
2 0X Condrotled by the neglon of the west
and ‘the north sespectively. a
Tein attempis eo apread ‘thein intuence fo ether
negions led to fears and contticts
a a) ~ itonyneginnes
Mo einsote 1860 constitution
= Both Federal ond negional geveanments jointly controlled the
-— Nigerian police
ms © Gmmctivemmnilitrony = superviacd constthdion of 1979”
x
BM ONo State. war allowed fo have any- civil police
7 @ Demowngeys was nestoned In Nigeria in (994
=
WV
Religious differences along with conflicts over who will control
| nesounces eontinue fo present problems
. hotal ethnic wommunttes mesh
neyenues from the o!
befone. the Nigerian fedenat'en
centralised control of the oll nesowrer:
=
=
"
5
a Thus, Nigeria is an example of ovelap of néligidls , ethnic
‘ Badeeionomt< difRenence among the unite fF dilfenent regions and languages had 10
227 and in cach negion , people of that Aegon
vern themselven .
Weston tax vohat should be the extent of Powers
tal by the. regional governments .
Meoxning trom: the: past experiences
l > A compromise fonmula to give ER Sy
(mus — heag e > Efantiiion
PEAGUE eng lange powers to the regione ee
- .
Position S cThe Constituent Assembly decided to frame q
government that would be bast on the principles
of unity and copenahen between the centre and the
States and seponate powers to the states.
NThe Principle that nélactio behuenrn ae i
ple. that néatons behvem \oThua , while » ie
the Stotes and the cenine Would be ” dues aie Sae
‘ v a TAH He ,
based on cooperaten. enuf ding Fé
| tatihemenjoy
Do YOU. know fon ex.,that the Constitution of India
does not wen mention the wond tedenationd
chi is how the Constitution describes India
is t
+. Bharat, shall Be a Union of States
ee dndia es Hoviitontes thene of shall he
gtote> we ocheolule -
Aetran Ihe Ge
pre FTFrTFrrerrrrit
ito)
ox of mesolving the
F pone .
is ony dispute abaut which powere come unden
union and which under the State. —> Gudidany
decision mak
“the Constitution cleorily demarcate subjects , which one ui
TF ahe exclusive domain of the Union ond those und ena
e@ Union hist
@ State Aish
@ Conceunnent hist
> Jy ;
mem 6 One DE Ghe important aspects of this diwalen of powers Is tha
economic. and financial power ane centnalised im The hands,
of the coninal government hy the Conshiution .
BS “he States have immense neapomiblities but very meagne
Fevenue. SOwiced
;
=
.
:
:
'
:
; I Resemodation of diversity ond devlopmen
of the. Constitution fo creode 4 te
: eS istence ok
rng rity is iM the atk
Abtticle-Q 2s
© “the alia
A Stode including its teviitenia|
i
of fan ament,
5 ‘ ment jg empowened to form a new State by
LPayation of Temitory from ony Stede on by Uniting
two on mone States, 1,
@ It can algo atten the boundany aany state on Wen HS nam
J
SThe. Conshtution provides fon some sat
Yands by way of
Sewing the vitur of the toncennec|
leg islatine ,
NE Emengenee Provision > Gan ton oun federal polliy inky
"
a highly centralised Ayat erm .
Ponliamert also assumes the es 6 tales lous oq
subject within the juadichon 0 e '
a0 BES Planning Gh mpld os
Bee Boe
@ Planning led to considerable centralisation of
economic declaton making. | . 3
® the. Union govemment uses ite discretion +o give
grant? and loans to States.
Ip
Charges of olis crimination against States ruled by anvopposition
Att Isa pourty
iv, Governor > Appointed by center
the Govenon has antain powew to necommend dismissal of
he State government and the dissolution of the Assembly,
Pei @ The Governor har the power 1 Goa a Bl pane by the
n 7 f oaent of the. Pre ‘
stole leglsiatune, fon the re President
“Central government getp an opportunity to delay \
\_ the atate legislation and veto ther completely « )
itters from the
cite Centnal gow.
' Y
>THIA is possible ib the move. is natitied by the ~~
Rajya Sabha,
; ve the
‘uh ly states that executive powers o /
rin the executive. powers ot the State
Ce @ Wp
The Parliament to
& Sate in nespent
lantal law to mainte
Prutee! persons in the “eee Hem
of any achon taken by them
‘non nestone onden,
Me Armed Jonces Special fowers Ae tas been made en Palau
Fess prowalon
Rn
Constitution
A)
epanate ilentity
Mone power te the centne
Recogni'sea the 4 of The. jaealonh are Yh ghves
vol
Wy
(Reasons)
ROTA The stator would 7
=
expect a greeter role and ovens
in the govemance. of the State and the Country i q
whole , IV
Sa
(' PF
Chik hay}
PState fave demanded that they be shoud be given mone
Wes and Mone autonomy »
i lon betweim the wmntten
jan and conflict in the ES omd stote, | omy 7 3
of Govennon and Preriderntls Rule
ands fon New States
Interstate Conticts .
Muscles
‘ 0” veins
re.
~ Relate. with fed enaligm
| Process of Politica |
Pan the 194 and
CPhakes Gniin
dian Federalism
f
ath ou eal
wor laid wa I a
WV
~ @ Peniod of: Congnes dominance oven the y
center ox well as th
Neur States ,the pelahe
aemained quite normal
= SExCept on the issue of fonmation of
behween the centne ond -t
duning this peniiod . ,
B @Comidenable optimism abot the polices of socdo~cconomle devele
“ment clesigned by ‘the. cevtre
_@ hange. numben of States opporition pant'ts came. to wr)
@4H resulted in demands fon gneaten Powers ond gheoter
ausonomy to the States . 7 An
& Peculian political context gave binth
discussion about the. concept
momy under % federal custom,
e States Regional levels
yrultel in a gneater may fon the States,
eralien Nt4 and the legining of a mone
, =
sl) z
-
=
-
Pemand mone autonomy
7 .
Be ete ta ope tpi acne aa ;
mel panties titfenen 3 one
d th ™
+ that |
of the oo:
be AAstign @
mM iy i
any States CTamil Nady =
Ven 3 ;
2 ‘nab » West Bengal) and
|) have made
time. to dime
Ponties Cp NK, AkaliPat, er
auto ne my from
many
temands of
# Demand fon financial autonomy
@ An 977, the let
ow a demand a
Contue - & nelati
@ gh the cutonomy demanda i
par aw impliatt support 4o the
thene voor ary
powers.
Demand fon routonomy in adminatrative: pow ers,
Autonomy geod may also be neated to cath ame (
sam io (SDULD ~
domination of Hivial i.
Tami| Nadu
ten dinanpial
lwyrvwvewererrereeeeue Ren tue dijgonrent panties anc In powen ab the untne anol the |
fate the nole of the gowrnon becomes even mone Loninevow
Pipeinted ny central government to examine the iasue selating
Ceomtne strobe melations (1333)
Submitted its meport in 988.
Recommendel that appointment of Governors Sh ouldiboenustaele
NON= pantisen. ate EW y
BOAR as andmcondroversieo elated forthe
l machinery in Atectes
I
Poresident/s nude
re
SThis Provision ia to ppliedt tuation fas ontsen
in which the Govennme fod not & arnicol
- prowsiens of This Constitution, ”
y
on in aceondance With
ate governmn ent by The
Jt nesuttp in the takeover of the $
= Union govuinmemt J
. : ~ \ Antide 2
mf 8 Antide s2Q= eS VL —
Pro ‘nen rena
; 5% S Governon Prodam ation of Na
mm Anide [53 > 4 Cece MPly ustth on to give qpect to dineation given
z ?
* Procdamah'en tos to be natifieel by the peouion ents
= Smontha"=S Extenas for 6 martha
C4 be ratified . 7
23° panlioment] = .
Ab g
s
Ae = a
(Strole EM egente), ®
>Sthe Preident |, py, eal
! nocla a, 5
a Tine! yeas if amahon to emenrgenc 4 Can he extendeg! -
evemnon has the powen tO necomm H
commend the oliamian the
State govennment and Suspension on dissolurien oF a a as a
. Stak OAS Ob fig
Hicks > 5
Example ‘
7 f bpiereniCaiet- SNe ee
Bome cores went to the suf me Court and the Cowit has al
Hhat constituttena| validity of the dedlsion 40 impone Preside pin i
guile can he examined by the fudiciany .
be
USE of Aatde 3st C
ay
mo < —_-~ Attar p a
ais
; re ssp
fen uacd this Provision to
" iam re ured office ot the Governen fo
a qhas, majonity panty on coalitlen from ase anound a Commo)
WV and wlune,
ee oA the national movement He lt tiie”
hat as fan as ponible , Staten would be Created on the
mmron caltunal and [inguistte Identity -
lL
Demand for the creation of- linguiste steer .
sSSteiten Reorganisation -Comminsion=( Deamben tas),
_ WV
‘ Recommended the cneotion of linguistic Stotes , atleast fon the
mn lO” linguistic groups,
G4n 195%, reorganisation af some States took place
I)
Eee
se Gujarat ond Mahonashtna Were created iin (360
> Punjab and Hanyona wene sepanated
trem each othen In (966,
y fa Pt Been negion was neonganiacd And neu States
u Npwt, STHupuna , Meghalaya , Mizonam and Anunchal Pha
Were Created w unchal hades
divided to met the
Madhya Pradesh , Uttar
2 thnee nao States,
> In 2000 Sore of the larger states wen
state
demands -fon a sepanate
Pradesh and Bihan we
DSome regions omd linguiss |
Spotehood like Vidarbha in Mahanashtaa.
ae _ Fedayalism:
divided to
- groups ane ill Struggling gon spanate
WV 4
Conhicts’ between Anstance of dispute sae two
Cenpne ~ state stofes m7 re than two states
NU
STudictany
Acte an the arbitroiion mechanism on disputes of a legal
ature bur thee qisputes ane in really not just legal , they
political implications obo +
SPARK i Che of 4
the. ‘angstondting border dispute la the dispe betwen
and Kahaatoka oven the dty of Belgaum -
ee ce aaaland #20 , have. a long standing bonden dispules
ans a OF Hanyang trom the. eho state of Age
TAPUtE betoen the. two States nol only oven bondey
ty et Chandlig anh
chen,
\
Cauvey Water Dis pute
© “Tin Ni
iA o mMajon isaue hetureen
Tamil Nadu and Kannatak,
@ Formers in both the Stat .
cd ane. dependent on Cauveny Water
, JL i
River voaten tribunal is the
SH|ll preblerms ane thene
Wlonmada River Dispute.
Dispute betwen Cujanat, Madhya Pa
rf Gujarat, Madny
ane bait’ 1g ove shaning the Watrda
NP
Rives ane a Major Aesounce ond therejone , disputes
Oven niven Waters test the patience. and woperative-
epintt of: the States -
ne +0 settle waten disputes y bud
adexh and Mahennshtna
of Nanmada niven, emAuning minimum sHepnerentody,
States, This arangement also ens ee
et mone nepraentation . ee
eenesinienenmIE > Pivision of powen
wv
“The Constitution has some special provisions fon seme
Stotes given thein perulian Avcial anal Alstoruicad oneumuahanees
dV
@ Most of the special provisions pertain to 1h
CAasam , Nagaland, Arunachal fradesh , Mio
Reasers
north eaxstenn States
n, ete)
longely due +o then Aizea
@ oliAtinet history and culture
Still these prewiasiens ane not able n alienation amd
insure
veces Inf
tates like Himachal
Pradesh , Goa, Qujena
aspecial prowaions a
Pradesh and some
Mananasrina Sikkim
\
5 © Tamme and Kashmir war one ob the lange princely Statens
had the open of oming gndia on Paklatan on nemainingsy ys
independent V
7 an over Koshmin [Inde -f
ee
\e
2 eon
in ee of the. State was meguined fon making ony laws
Tea ane ta the Union ona concurrent Ils.
erent from the pasitvon of othen Atater. a
NON , thene
MeAId ert ustth
Sptely which p
War o conshihak
the toneunn
aS tp the
‘mal provision That allowed the
ener oF the Stale government, to
Union Wat Shoutel apply to the State
=> Gnasiitutional onc
Vy
INGE Pants of the
AS a Result, thous
the Porliament is
Hist wos fully oe
Making
Constitution applicable fo the State,
‘I
h TER fala Acpanate consthuien
Power to make laws on subjects
epted ,
WV
and a flag,
in the Union
f Analyde>
Kashmin tad
a
1. No emergency dye. 40
in A &K without the
). The Unien government
the State and the Dinech
Amendments to the
‘apply th concmence u
sty
bances shGud be ole el
th
of State ge
lol not impo financial emer.
frunaple 1 net apply. In ere he,
n Continuation Cuno Ack. a6g) coulol
the government of ABR,
9 eres in
. : den Sto no longer existe. Gammy anglir
status given un : ae i
peomgeniantr Act 2014, the Stade has ben bifwrcatg
vay
nian territories ux}
. ent hax wome i
new anrongem
nto effect trom 4) odoben Qo}
