ENGLISH 8
Module 6
PROCESSING QUESTIONS
4. What factors did you consider in identifying
the odd one out?
5. What skills did you use to deduce the
correct answer?
6. How would you describe the odd one in the
group other than being the flaw?
ERROR
RECOGNITION
Module 6
PARALLEL
STRUCTURES
Observing parallelism rules to write
sentences correctly
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, 95% of the students will be able to:
describe the concept of faulty parallelism;
explain how sentences can be structured without errors;
cite the importance of writing parallel sentences;
rewrite sentences with faulty parallelism; and
demonstrate the values of attentiveness and teamwork in
the tasks.
Module 6
PARALLEL
STRUCTURES
Observing parallelism rules to write
sentences correctly
WHAT IS PARALLEL STRUCTURE?
Parallel Structure, also known
as Parallelism, is a balance
within one or more sentences
of similar phrases or clauses
that have the same
grammatical structure, like
things in a list.
The use of parallel structure is essential for
good writing, helping to add clarity and
strength to your writing.
EXAMPLE
I am lying in my bed, reading newsfeeds, and staring at my dog.
The highlighted words are all VERB phrases and the
underlined words are verbs in similar structure (in –ing form).
This sentence follows PARALLEL STRUCTURE or
PARALLELISM.
RULE OF THUMB
Remember:
1. Make sure that items in the list
should be the same in grammatical
form or structure — Nouns with
nouns, adjectives with adjectives,
adverbs with adverbs, gerund with
gerunds, infinitives with infinitives.
RULE OF THUMB
Remember:
2. Be careful while using
coordinating conjunctions.
RULE OF THUMB
Remember:
3. Observe parallel structure when
elements are in a list or in a series.
PARALLEL STRUCTURE
Parallelism with Nouns
Parallelism with Verbs
Parallelism with Adjectives
Parallelism with Adverbs
Parallelism with Gerunds & Infinitives
PARALLELISM NOUNS - NOUNS
WITH
NOUNS
Let’s compare
Which one’s faulty & which one’s parallel?
Driving a car requires coordination, patience, and to have good eyesight.
Driving a car requires coordination, patience, and good eyesight.
Let’s compare
FAULTY
Driving a car requires coordination, patience, and to have good eyesight.
PARALLEL
Driving a car requires coordination, patience, and good eyesight.
PARALLELISM VERBS - VERBS
WITH
VERBS
Let’s compare
Which one’s faulty & which one’s parallel?
Dennis did not turn off the lights, closed the window and lock the door.
Dennis did not turn off the lights, close the window and lock the door.
Let’s compare
PARALLEL
Dennis did not turn off the lights, close the window and lock the door.
FAULTY
Dennis did not turn off the lights, closed the window and lock the door.
ADJECTIVES -
PARALLELISM ADJECTIVES
WITH
ADJECTIVES
Let’s compare
Which one’s faulty & which one’s parallel?
John was healthy, wealthy, and an athlete.
John was healthy, wealthy, and athletic.
Let’s compare
FAULTY
John was healthy, wealthy, and an athlete.
PARALLEL
John was healthy, wealthy, and athletic.
ADVERBS -
PARALLELISM ADVERBS
WITH
ADVERBS
Let’s compare
Which one’s faulty & which one’s parallel?
He put the model together neatly, accurately, and with a great skill.
He put the model together neatly, accurately and skillfully.
Let’s compare
FAULTY
He put the model together neatly, accurately, and with a great skill.
PARALLEL
He put the model together neatly, accurately and skillfully.
PARALLELISM GERUND -
GERUND
WITH INFINITIVE -
INFINITIVE
GERUNDS &
INFINITIVES
Let’s compare
Which one’s faulty & which one’s parallel?
I like hiking, dancing and to swim on weekends
I like hiking, to dance and to swim on weekends
Let’s compare
FAULTY
I like hiking, dancing and to swim on weekends
FAULTY
I like hiking, to dance and to swim on weekends
Let’s compare
PARALLEL
I like hiking, dancing and swimming on weekends
PARALLEL
I like to hike, to dance and to swim on weekends
ACTIVITY 3:
FAULTY SPEAKING
FAULTY SPEAKING
Directions: Altogether, the class will read the
dialogue. The boys will act as Ben and the
girls will act as Sarah.
1
Ben: (In a video call)
Hello, Sarah! How are you
these days?
2
Sarah: Hello Ben! Not so great. I
am just lying in my bed,
reading news feeds, and to
stare at my dog all day!
3
Ben: Do you mean,
_________________?
PROCESSING QUESTIONS
1. If you were Ben, how would you make
Sarah’s sentence parallel?
2. Again, is parallelism really important?
Why?
