Electromagnetic fields
Sunward Art/Shutterstock
Dr. rer. nat. Mohamed Mokhtar Faculty of Engineering and Technology
1
Course content
1. Vector Analysis(Chapter 1)
2. Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field Intensity (Chapter 2)
3. Electric Flux Density, Gauss’s Law, and Divergence (Chapter 3)
4. Energy and Potential (Chapter 4)
5. Conductors and Dielectrics (Chapter 5)
6. Capacitance (Chapter 6)
7. The Steady Magnetic Field (Chapter 7)
8. Magnetic Forces, Materials, and Inductance (Chapter 8)
9. Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations (Chapter 9)
Reference: William H. Hayt et al. Engineering
Electromagnetics, 8th edition. McGraw-Hill
international edition, 2012.
2
Distribution of course marks
• Performance in lecture………………… …………………..…….... 20%
• Performance in tutorial…..………….....……………………..….….10%
• Midterm exam ……………………………………………….…..….. 30%
• Final exam ……………………………………….………….…........ 40%
3
Vector Analysis
SCALARS AND VECTORS Field: (Scalar or vector) function that connects an origin to
a general point in space
Vector ❖ Both scalar fields and vector fields exist
Ex. of scalar fields: Temperature field and density field
Magnitude Direction Ex. of vector fields: Gravitational field, magnetic field,
temperature gradient and voltage gradient
Temperature field Gravitational field
Scalars Magnitude
❖ Vectors will be written in boldface type and
scalars will be written italic type.
10.1088/1757-899X/721/1/012050 NASA's Imagine the Universe
4
Vector Algebra
A+B=B+A Commutative law
A + (B+C) = (A + B) + C Associative law
Distributive Law:
5
Rectangular Coordinate System (Cartesian)
6
VECTOR COMPONENTS AND UNIT VECTORS
Orthogonal Vector Components Orthogonal Vector Components
7
Vector Representation in Terms of
Orthogonal Rectangular Components
8
Vector Expressions in Rectangular
Coordinates
General Vector, B:
Magnitude of B:
Unit Vector in the
Direction of B:
9
Example: specify the unit vector extending from the origin
toward the point G(2, -2, -1)
Answer:
How can we call this vector a
unit vector???
10
The vector field
We are accustomed to thinking of a specific vector:
A vector field is a function defined in space that has magnitude
Mapping each point to a
and direction at all points: three dimensional vector
where r = (x,y,z)
An example of how the vector field can be drawn
can be found in this website:
https://www.geogebra.org/m/u3xregNW
11
The Dot Product (scalar product)
When the force varies along the path
12
Vector Projections Using the Dot Product
B • a gives the sclar component of B (B • a) a gives the vector component
in the horizontal direction of B in the horizontal direction
13
Operational Use of the Dot Product
Given
Find
where we have used:
Note also:
14
15
Answer:
16
The Cross Product (vector product)
Then
17
Operational Definition of the Cross Product in
Rectangular Coordinates
Begin with:
where
Therefore:
Or…
18
The Circular Cylindrical Coordinates
❖ It is the three-dimensional version of the polar
coordinates of analytic geometry
Point P has coordinates
Specified by P(z)
19
The relationship between the rectangular variables x,
y, z and the cylindrical coordinate variables ρ, φ, z.
20
Differential Volume in Cylindrical
Coordinates
dV = d d dz
21
Dot Products of Unit Vectors in Cylindrical and Rectangular
Coordinate Systems
Elements of Electromagnetics, Matthew Sadiku
22
Then you can use this table
23
Answer:
24
The Spherical Coordinates
Spherical Coordinates 3D Animation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex_g2w4E5lQ
25
Elements of Electromagnetics, Matthew Sadiku
26
Relation between the three coordinates
Elements of Electromagnetics, Matthew Sadiku
27
Office hours
Thursday 13:00 – 15:00 – Room A 2.11 Engineering building.
Open discussion
28
Thank you
29
